USA > Alabama > The formative period in Alabama, 1815-1828 > Part 14
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The significance of this movement was not to become evi- dent until Jackson's attitude toward South Carolina in the nul- lification controversy raised up enemies from among his friends. Then Lewis and the men who believed as he did found their numbers greatly strengthened. Then the Whig party grew up in the South and, advocating state rights, it became the mouth-piece of the slave-holders. Thus it was Lewis who formed the transition link between the Crawford faction of 1824 and the Whig party of 1840.
While the slave-holding counties usually came to support the Whigs, those where the small farmer predominated usual- ly remained Democratic. Yet it must be remembered that the slave question never entered directly into partisan divisions. If the farmers had united against slavery, they could still have carried practically the entire State, as they did in 1824; for, even in the strongest slave-holding counties, the planters alone could rarely have commanded a majority of the votes. Their success depended upon their ability to carry their farming neighbors with them, which fact is attested by the great fluc- tuation in the Whig vote from one campaign to the next.
Other factors, too, are necessary in order to understand the relations between the two parties. The solidly Democratic vote of northern Alabama, in spite of the large number of slaves in the Tennessee Valley, indicates that the rivalry be- tween the two sections of the State had much to do with polit- ical alignments. The sectional votes in other States show that local conditions influenced the result, and that slave-holding
was not the only important determining factor. For in- stance, eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina had a much smaller percentage of slaves than did the Tennessee Val- ley of Alabama, yet the former sections showed a strong Whig tendency, while the latter was uniformly Democratic.5
The writer hopes to continue this study in order to trace the influence of early conditions upon later political tendencies and alignments.
5 See maps at the end of The Whig Party in the South, by A. C. Cole
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
I. MANUSCRIPT LETTERS AND PAPERS.
William W. Bibb MS. This collection of letters, in the pos- session of the Alabama Department of Archives and His- tory, is invaluable because of the light which it throws up- on the relations existing between the first political lead- ers of Alabama and their friends in Georgia and Wash- ington.
Biddle MS. This extensive collection of letters, in the Li- brary of Congress, contains instructions written by Nich- olas Biddle to the presidents of some of the Southern branches of the Bank of the United States. These af- ford some insight into the financial aspects of the cotton trade.
Blue MS. The Alabama Department of Archives and His- tory possesses this collection of papers brought together by Mr. M. P. Blue. It consists of information concern- ing the early history of the several counties of Alabama, various men having contributed from their personal knowledge.
Bolling Hall MIS. This collection of letters supplements the Bibb papers and gives an inside view of political affairs. It is in the possession of the Alabama Department of Ar- chives and History. .
Jackson MS. This voluminous collection of the letters of Andrew Jackson contains scattered information concern- ing Indian affairs, public lands, and politics in Alabama. It is in the Library of Congress.
Jackson-Coffee MS. About two hundred letters written by Andrew Jackson to General John Coffee, of Florence, Alabama. They contain scattered information such as that in the above mentioned collection. Typewritten copies of the originals are in the Library of Congress.
A. B. Meek MS. Papers brought together by Mr. Meek with the idea of publishing a history of Alabama. In Alabama Department of Archives and History.
Mississippi Transcripts. Transcripts made by Dr. Thomas M. Owen from the original records of Mississippi Terri-
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THE FORMATIVE PERIOD IN ALABAMA
tory, which material is preserved by the Mississippi De- partment of Archives and History.
Pickett MS. Certain unpublished papers of A. J. Pickett, author of the History of Alabama. They are preserved by the Alabama Department of Archives and History.
Charles Tait MS. These letters, copied from the originals, are in Alabama Department of Archives and History. They supplement the Bibb, Hall, and Walker papers, and are especially valuable because they contain letters from such men as William H. Crawford and John C. Calhoun, giving an insight into the political affiliations of the leaders in Alabama.
J. W. Walker MS. Containing letters dealing with the most important events in the early history of Alabama .- Ala- bama Department of Archives and History.
Yancey Papers. Collection in the Alabama Department of Archives and History ; contains the manuscript of an obit- uary notice of Dixon Hall Lewis, which gives the best available account of the early life of that important man.
II. DOCUMENTARY MATERIAL.
The published documents of the Federal Government, es- pecially the American State Papers and the Statutes at Large, have been used extensively in this work. In addition, the rec- ords of the General Land Office and of the Indian Office have been searched. The local and special documents used are listed below :
Alabama-Journal of the Constitutional Convention of 1819. Acts of the Legislature of Alabama Territory, 1819.
Acts of the General Assembly of Alabama, 1819- 1828.
Journal of the Council of Alabama Territory, 1818. Journal, of the Senate of Alabama, 1819-1828.
Journal, of the House of Representatives of the State of Alabama, 1819-1828.
Aiken, John G .- Digest of the Laws of the State of Alabama, Philadelphia, 1833.
Brickel, R. C .- Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of the State of Alabama, Montgomery, 1874.
Hitchcock. Henry-The Alabama Justice of the Peace, Ca- hawba, 1822.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Holmes, David-Executive Journal of Governor Holmes, of Mississippi Territory, 1814-1817, MS.
Morse, Jedidiah-Report on Indian Affairs (1820), New Hav- en, 1822.
Owen, Thomas M .- Alabama Archives, Washington, Govern- ment Printing Office, 1905.
Snedecor, V. Gayle-A Directory of Greene County for 1855- 6, Mobile, 1856.
Tharin, W. C .- A Directory for Marengo County for 1860-61, Mobile, 1861.
Toulmin, Harry-A Digest of the Laws of the State of Ala. bama, Cahawba, 1823.
United States, House Documents, 26. Cong., 1 Sess., Doc. 172, p. 1348. Table showing condition of Alabama banks, 1819-1838.
University of Alabama, Historical Catalogue, 1821-1870, Tus- caloosa, 1870.
III. CONTEMPORARY SOURCES.
Breckenridge, Richard, Diary, 1816, in Alabama Historical Society, Transactions, III, 142-153. A good first-hand account of Alabama as seen by one who came out upon the first wave of settlement.
Commons, J. R., Documentary History of American Indus- trial Society. Vols. I and II, by U. B. Phillips, deal with Southern agriculture, but Alabama receives little atten- tion. Cleveland, 1910.
Cummins, E. H., A Summary Geography of Alabama, one of the United States, Philadelphia, 1819. Inaccurate, but in- teresting.
Darby, William, A Geographical Description of the State of Louisiana, the Southern Part of the State of Mississippi and Territory of Alabama, with a Map, New York, 1817. Darby, William, Emigrant's Guide. New York, 1818. Con- tains interesting information for this early date.
Fessenden, Thomas G., The Complete Farmer, Philadelphia, 1839.
Gaines, George S., Letters Relating to Events in South Ala- bama, 1805-1814, Alabama Historical Society, Transac- tions, III, 184-192.
Garrett, William. Reminiscences of Public Men in Alabama for Thirty Years, Atlanta, 1872. Contains excellent first-
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THE FORMATIVE PERIOD IN ALABAMA
hand information of men and events during the period under consideration.
Thwaites, Reuben Gold, Early Western Travels. A large col- lection of accounts by travelers and explorers. The Ten- nessee River region is touched upon, but there is nothing for the southern part of Alabama.
Hall, Basil, Traveis in North America in the Years 1827 and 1828, Philadelphia, 1829. Being a captain of the British Navy, Hall has a point of view different from that of any other traveler of that period, and his discussion of scenes in Alabama is instructive.
Hawkins, Benjamin, A Sketch of the Creek Country, 1798- 1799, in Collections of Georgia Historical Society, III, Pt. I. Published at Savannah, 1848. Hawkins was agent among the Creeks for many years, and this is the best available account of that Nation at the time when the pressure of the white immigration into the southwest was beginning to tell.
Hodgson, A., Letters fromi North America, London, 1824. These letters written in 1820 by a studious observer, form an important source of information.
Holland, Edwin C., A Refuiation of the Calumnies Circulated Against the Southern and Western States Respecting Slavery, Charleston, 1822. This account of slavery is based upon conditions in South Carolina, but it is the best available Southern treatise on the subject for the period under discussion in this paper.
Levasseur, A., Lafayette en Amerique en 1824 et 1825, Brux- elles, 1829. The author was secretary to Lafayette dur- ing his tour of America. The account is more interest- ing than instructive.
Lincecum, Gideon, Autobiography, in Mississippi Historical Society, Publications, VIII, 443. An interesting account of his journey by one of the early immigrants to Alabama. Macaulay, Zachary, Negro Slavery in the United States and West indies, London, 1823. This gives an English view of the subject, and is violently critical.
Methodist Episcopal Church, Minutes of the Annual Confer- ences, 1773-1828, Vol. I, New York, 1840. Here can be obtained statistics of the various congregations through- out the Country.
Morse, Jedidiah, Geography, Charleston, 1819.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Owen, John, Journal, 1818, in Southern Historical Association Publications, I, 90-97. Another account written by an . early immigrant of his journey to Alabama.
Price, T. W., The Life of T. W. Price, Written by Himself, Sel- ma, 1877. There is little information of a public nature in this book.
Raymond, James, Prize Essay on the Comparative Economy of Free and Slave Labor in Agriculture, published by the Frederick County Agricultural Society, Frederick, Md., 1827. This view is too superficial to be of value to the student.
Robertson, W. G., Recollections of the Early Settlers of Mont- gomery County, 1892. This is an interesting account of an interesting community, written by one who says that "the writer was personally acquainted with ev- ery one of them."
Royall, Anne, Southern Tours, or Second Series of the Black Book, Washington, 1830. These letters, written on a sec- ond tour of Alabama, are interesting because they indi- cate the contrast produced by ten years of development in the new State.
Royall, Anne, Letters from Alabama on Various Subjects, 1817-1822, Washington, 1830. Written by an erratic woman, there is a good deal that is personal and a good deal that is pertinent in these letters.
Saxe-Weimar, Duke Bernhard of, Travels Through North America During the Years 1825 and 1826, Philadelphia, 1828. Traveling the same route between New York and New Orleans that was followed by most of the foreign tourists, and passing through Montgomery and Mobile, this author gives us still another point of view.
Stuart, James, Three Years in North America, New York, 1833. Another and later account by one who passed along the same route followed by Saxe-Weimar and others.
Townes, S. A., The History of Marion, Marion, 1844. This is a good account of the establishing of a new community in Alabama.
Terry, Jesse, A Portraiture of Domestic Slavery in the United States, Philadelphia, 1817. A good Northern view.
Warden, D. B., A Statistical, Political, and Historical Account of the United States of North America, Edinburgh, 1819.
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THE FORMATIVE PERIOD IN ALABAMA
Welsh, Mary, Reminiscences of Old St. Stephens, in Alabama Historical Society, Transactions, III, 208-226. This is a retrospective account by one who had known the place long since.
Woodward, Thomas S., Reminiscences of the Creek or Musco- gee Indians, Montgomery, 1859. There is much here that does not concern Indians, and, since the author knows the ground, the information is of value.
Wyman, Justus, A Geographical Sketch of the Alabama Terri- tory, in Alabama Historical Society, Transactions, III, 107-127. Only a part of the original account is publish- ed here, the unpublished manuscript being in the posses- sion of the Woburn, Massachusetts, Public Library.
IV. SPECIAL WORKS AND ARTICLES
Excepting in the case of Pickett's work and the local his- tories, little reliance has been placed upon the secondary ma- terial dealing especially with Alabama. This is for the reas- on that most of it touches but scantily upon the early period discussed in this monograph.
Ball, T. H., Clarke County and Its Surroundings, title page missing, 1882. This contains good information of local character.
Betts, E. C., Early History of Huntsville, Alabama, Montgom- ery, 1909. This is one of the best of local histories, and, because of the importance of the community, is of es- pecial value.
Birney, William, James G. Birney and his Times, New York, 1890. Though only a small part of this book deals with the Alabama period of Birney's life, it contains some worth-while information.
Blue, M. P., History of Montgomery, Montgomery, 1878. The author was a diligent collector of local information, and his account is of value.
Blue, M. P., Churches of the City of Montgomery, Montgom- ery, 1878. This account goes back to beginnings.
Brant and Fuller, Compilers, Memorial Record of Alabama, Madison, Wisconsin, 1893. Too biographical; good for reference only.
Brewer, W., Alabama: Her History, Resources, War Record, and Public Men, 1540-1872, Montgomery, 1872. This book does not give a good general account, but the discus-
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
sion of the separate counties contains desirable informa- tion. .
Brown, W. G., A History of Alabama, University Publishing Company, 1900. A textbook, based upon insufficient ma- terial.
Burnett, E. C., Bourbon County, in American Historical Re- view, XV, 66-111, 297-353.
Claiborne, J. F. H., Mississippi as a Province, Territory, and State, Jackson, 1880. This contains valuable informa- tion on the question of the division of Mississippi Terri- tory.
Claiborne, J. F. H., Life and Times of General Sam Dale, New York, 1860. A good biography of an interesting man.
Clarke, Willis G., History of Education in Alabama, Washing- ton, 1889. Contains but little relative to the formative period.
Cobbs and Whittaker, Statistics of the Protestant Episcopal Church of Alabama,-Alabama Historical Society, Trans- actions, II, 83-89.
Denson, John V., Slavery Laws in Alabama; in Alabama Poly- technic Institute Historical Studies, Auburn, 1908.
Dewey, D. R., Financial History of the United States, New York, 1915.
Donnell, E. J., Chronological and Statistical History of Cot- ton, 1879. Exhaustive statistics.
DuBose, Joel C., Ed., Notable Men of Alabama, Southern His- torical Association, Atlanta, 1904. Little of general in- terest.
DuBose, Joel C., Sketches of Alabama History, Philadelphia, 1901. This contains good information on special topics. Flint, Timothy, The History and Geography of the Mississippi Valley, Cincinnati, 1833. Little information for Ala- bama.
Hall, J. H. B., The History of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in Alabama Prior to 1826; in Alabama Historical Society, Transactions, IV, 365-394. This gives some idea of religious conditions during the early period.
Hamilton, P. J., Early Roads in Alabama; in Alabama Histor- ical Society, Transactions, II, 39-56. Information in- complete.
Hamilton, P. J., Some Southern Yankees, American Historical Magazine, III. 303-312. Personal, but interesting.
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THE FORMATIVE PERIOD IN ALABAMA
Hamilton, P. J., St. Stephens : Spanish Fort and American Town; in Alabama Historical Society, Transactions, III, 227-234. Not satisfying.
Hamilton, P. J., Colonial Mobile, 1519-1821, Houghton Mif- flin, 1910. A work signifying much research and con- taining much information.
Hammond, M. B., The Cotton Industry, New York, 1897. Val- uable.
Hardy, John, Selma, her Institutions and her Men, Selma, 1879. A good local history.
Harper, Roland M., Economic Botany of Alabama, bulletin of the Geographical Survey, 1913. Valuable for topograph- ical information.
Harper, Roland M., A Preliminary Soil Census of Alabama and West Florida, Reprint from Soil Science, IV, No. 2., Aug. 1917.
Harvey, Meriwether, Slavery in Auburn, Alabama; in Ala- bama Polytechnic Institute Historical Studies, Auburn, 1907. A limited view.
Haskins, Charles H., The Yazoo Land Companies, New York, 1891. Important for an understanding of the situation in regard to the public lands.
Hodgson, Joseph, The Cradle of the Confederacy, Mobile, 1876. An important work, but contains little information for the early period.
Jack, Theodore H., Sectionalism and Party Politics in Alabama, 1819-1842, Banta Pub. Company, Menasha, Wisconsin,
1919. This is the only scientific political study for this period, but little space is devoted to developments previ- ous to Jackson's administration.
Jones, Charles C., Antiquities of the Southern Indians, New York, 1873.
Jones, Charles C., The Dead Towns of Georgia, Savannah, 1878.
Leftwich, Geo. J., Cotton Gin Port and Gaines' Trace, in Mis- sissippi Historical Society, Publications, VII, 263. This article throws light upon one of the earliest transporta- tion developments in the Alabama-Mississippi region.
Little, John Buckner, The History of Butler County, Alabama,
Cincinnati, 1885. Scant and unreliable for the early pe- riod.
Love, Wm. A., General Jackson's Military Road, in Mississip- pi Historical Society, Publications, XI, 403-417.
155
BIBLIOGRAPHY
McDonnold, B. W., History of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church Nashville, 1888.
Martin, W. E., Internal Improvements in Alabama, in Johns
Hopkins University Studies. Series 20, No. 4, Baltimore, 1902. This account is made up of undigested statistics. Meek, A. B., Romantic Passages in Southwestern History, Mo- bile, 1857. This contains a good treatment of certain phases.
Monette, John W., History of the Valley of the Mississippi, New York, 1846.
Mooney, James, Myths of the Cherokee, in the Nineteenth An- nual Report, Bureau of American Ethnology, Pt. 1, 11- 548.
Owen, Thomas M., History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography, IV Vols., Chicago, 1921. An ency- clopedic work containing exhaustive information, and in- valuable to the student of Alabama history. Published since the writing of this monograph.
Phillips, U. B., American Negro Slavery, New York, 1918. A most helpful treatise, covering all phases of the subject from the agricultural point of view.
Phillips, U. B., The Economics of the Plantation, in the South Atlantic Quarterly, II, 231. A suggestive study.
Phillips, U. B. The Southern Black Belt, American Historical Review, XI, 798. This is an interesting study of the seg- regation of the slave interest.
Phillips, U. B., The Slave Labor Problem in the Charleston District, Boston, 1907.
Phillips, U. B., The Plantation as a Civilizing Factor, Sewanee Review, XII, 257. An original view.
Phillips, U. B., A History of Transportation in the Eastern Cotton Belt to 1860, New York, 1908. Helpful and sug- gestive.
Phillips, U. B., Georgia and State Rights, in American Histor- ical Association, Report, 1901, II, 15-224, Separate, Government Printing Office, 1902. Owing to the close relation between Georgia and Alabama politicians during the period covered by this study, this work has been of great value.
Pickett, A. J., History of Alabama, Birmingham, 1900. Though somewhat involved in details, this book represents care- ful research by a man who also had wide personal knowl- edge in his field; on many points, therefore, it is an orig-
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THE FORMATIVE PERIOD IN ALABAMA
inal source. Though not without error, it is the only sol- id work covering Alabama history previous to the period of Statehood.
Pitkin, Timothy, Statistical View of the Commerce of the United States, Hartford, 1816.
Powell, George, History of Blount County, in Alabama Histor- ical Society, Transactions, 1855. This gives valuable in- formation for the period of early settlement.
Reeves, Jesse S., The Napoleonic Exiles in America, in Johns Hopkins University Studies, XXIII, 525-656.
Riley, B. F., History of Conecuh County, Alabama, Columbus, Georgia, 1887. Gives vivid pictures of the pioneer peri- od.
Riley, B. F., History of the Baptists of Alabama, Birmingham, 1895.
Riley, B. F., Makers and Romance of Alabama History, Birm- ingham, 1914. This book is made up of chapters on vari- , ous unrelated topics, some of which are illuminating. Its biographical sketches are good for reference.
Riley, F. L., Location and Boundaries of Mississippi, in Mis- sissippi Historical Society, Publications, III, 167-184.
Saunders, J. E., Early Settlers of Alabama, New Orleans, 1899. Contains good general information, and the bio- graphical portion is sometimes useful for reference.
Shakelford, Josephus, History of the Muscle Shoals Baptist Association, 1820-1890, Trinity, Ala., 1891. The point of view is so local that the work is not of much service.
Shea, J. G., History of the Catholic Church in the United States, Akron, Ohio, 1890. Contains a good account of the activities of the Catholic Church in Alabama during the period under review.
Smith, Nelson F., History of Pickens County, Alabama, Car- rollton, Alabama, 1856. This is one of the best local histor- ies, giving a good idea of the early development of one of the counties in the back country.
Smith and DeLand, Publishers, Northern Alabama, Birming- ham, 1888. Scattered information of general interest; but valuable principally for biographical reference.
Somerville, H. M., Trial of the Alabama Supreme Court Judges in 1829, in report of the twenty-second annual meeting of the Alabama State Bar Association, Montgomery, 1899. A good brief account.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
The South in the Building of the Nation, Richmond, 1909. This is a co-operative work. The portions relating to Alabama are too general to be of value for the period under discussion.
Sparks, W. H., The Memories of Fifty Years, Macon, Ga .. 1872. Good material for Georgia and Mississippi, but little of value for Alabama,
Stone, Alfred H., The Cotton Factorage System of the South- ern States, in American Historical Review, XX, 557-565. This is a scientific and suggestive article ..
Street, O. D., Marshall. County One Hundred Years Ago, Gun- tersville, Ala., 1903. Contains some good information. Teeple and Smith, Publishers, Jefferson County and Birming- ham, Birmingham; 1887. Too biographical to be of real service.
Thomas, William H., The Birth and Growth of the Constitu- tion of Alabama, an address delivered before the Alabama State Bar Association, Montgomery, 1890. Some good points are made in this paper.
Tompkins, Alma Cole, Charles Tait, in Alabama Polytechnic Institute Historical Studies, Auburn, 1910. A good brief account.
United States Department of Agriculture, Atlas of American Agriculture, Part V, Section A-Cotton, Washington, 1918. Contains valuable statistics and historical infor- mation.
Wallace, J. H., The Alabama State Capital, Montgomery, 1911. Contains nothing of value for the early period.
Watkins, J. L., Production and Price of Cotton for a Hundred Years, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, 1895. Weeks, Stephen B., History of Public School Education in Alabama, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1915. Though touching but lightly upon the early peri- od, this is a reliable work.
West, Anson. A History of Methodism in Alabama, Nashville, 1893. This is not a scholarly work.
Whitaker, Walter C., History of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Alabama, Birmingham, 1898. Contains lit- tle for the early period.
Whitfield, Gaius. Jr., The French Grant in Alabama, in Ala- bama Historical Society, Transactions, IV, 321-355. This is a fairly satisfactory account of the founding of De- mopolis by the Napoleonic refugees.
1
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THE FORMATIVE PERIOD IN ALABAMA
Williams, Thomas M., Dixon H. Lewis, in Alabama Polytech- nic Institute Historical Studies, Auburn, 1912. Consider- ing the available material, a satisfactory work.
Yerby, W. E. W., History of Greensboro, Alabama, Montgom- ery, 1908. This account contains some useful informa- tion.
V. NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS.
Alabama Journal, Montgomery; in the Library of Congress, Dec. 9, 1825-July 7, 1826, Nov. 28, 1828; in Ala- bama Department of Archives, Sept. 8, 1826-July 27, 1827.
Alabama Republican, Huntsville; in the Library of Congress, Jan. 5, 1819-April 22, 1825; in Alabama Department of Archives, Sept. 15, 1820-Sept. 13, 1822.
Alabama Sentinel, Tuscaloosa; in the Library of Congress, Dec. 30, 1825.
American Mirror, Tuscaloosa; in the Library of Congress, Jan. 3, 1824-Feb. 26, 1825.
Cahawba Press and Alabama State Intelligencer, Cahawba ; in the Library of Congress, Dec. 30, 1820-July 22, 1826. Democrat, Huntsville; in Alabama Department of Archives, Oct. 14, 1823-Dec. 29, 1826.
Franklin Enquirer, Tuscumbia; in Alabama Department of Archives, March 13, 1824-June 9, 1824.
Halcyon, Greensboro; in the Library of Congress, April 24, 1823-Dec. 30, 1823.
Halcyon and Tombeckbee Public Advertiser, St. Stephens; in the Library of Congress, Jan. 9, 1819-Dec. 20, 1819; Jan. 10, 1820-Nov. 27, 1820; Feb. 12, 1821-Dec. 22, 1821; Jan. 5, 1822-Nov. 2, 1822.
Mobile Argus; in the Library of Congress, Dec. 5, 1822-Nov. 6, 1823.
Mobile Commercial Register; in Alabama Department of Ar- chives, Nov. 17, 1827-Dec. 5, 1828, and following; in Association Public Library, Mobile, Dec. 17, 1821-Dec. 7, 1824; Dec. 9, 1825-Dec. 9, 1826; June 4, 1828-May 29, 1829, and following; in the Library of Congress, Feb. 18, 1825-Dec. 21, 1826.
Mobile Mercantile Advertiser, in the Library of Congress. May 10, 1825-Dec. 18, 1824.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Southern Advocate, Huntsville; in the Library of Congress,
May 6, 1825-Dec. 24, 1828; in Alabama Department of. Archives, May 6, 1825-April 27, 1827; May 18, 1827, and following.
Tuscumbian, Tuscumbia; in Alabama Department of Ar- chives, Sept. 1, 1824-Jan. 17, 1827.
Washington Republican, Washington, Mississippi Territory; in Mississippi Department of Archives, April 13, 1813- Dec. 27, 1817.
American Farmer, Baltimore, 1820-1828.
Niles Weekly Register, Baltimore, Vols. 11-36.
The Southern Agriculturist, Charleston, Vols. 1 and 2, 1828- 1829.
.
Chap. I .- Plate 1.
Yazoo River
Pearl R.
Tom bighee Ki
WEST FLO
RIDA
Passa
Indian Cessions [D] ___ before 1814 1814-1816
See Maps, Bureau of Ethnology, 18 Annual Report.
(161)
Chap. II .- Plate 2.
BATTERS
Valley
: Tennessee
Plateau.
Short Leaf Pilne
Plateau
Goul
Basin
Coosa Valz
Belt
Piedmont
Black
Belt Chun Viewinggee
Southern Red Hills
Lime
Hills
Southern Pine Hills
ime Sink
Geological Map of Alabama. From R. M. Harper, Preliminary Soil Census of Alabama, p. 93.
(162)
Chap. III .- Plate 3. Road Map, 1818.
Pittsburg
Philadelings
Staunton
-
Lexington
Richmond,
Knowville
o, Raleigh
Nashville
1
1
, Greenville
Hunteri
Athens.
Columbia
Milledgeville
Acigusta
New Orleans
Roads-Based on map of U. S. by John Melish, 1818.
-
(163)
Chap. III .-- Plate 4. Origin of Population (approximate).
Lauderdale
Are Monica clack some
Franklin:
Lawrence,
Cotacó
Blount.
Marion
Tuscaloosa
x ‹
x
Greens x
Perry
Autanq
t
But
Monroe
Conecun
a
Mábike
1
Predominant Element
Tennessee
-South Carolina, North Carn- lina, Virginia.
Georgia
(161)
Chap. V .- Plate 5. Vote for Governor, 1819.
For Bibb ... For Williams.
House Journal, 1819, 37.
(165)
Chap. V .- Plate 6. To Disapprove Act of Certain Members of Con- gress in Censuring General Jackson. House, 1819.
For Against Tie .
House Journal, 1819. 45.
(166)
Chap. V .- Plate 7.
₸
-
-
AF
1.
-
Plats 7.
John Melish map. 1820.
(167)
Chap. V .- Plate 8. To Reduce Judicial Tenure to Six Years. Constitutional Convention, 1819.
For Against .Tie
Journal of Constitutional Convention, 1819.
(168)
Chap. V .- Plate 9. To Make Majority of Members Elected to Legisla- ture Sufficient to Establish Branch Bank or Renew Bank Charter. Constitutional Convention, 1819.
1
---
For Against Tie
Journal of Constitutional Convention, 1819.
(169)
Chap. VI .- Plate 10. Indian Cessions.
Cherokee
Cherokee 100
1806
Cherokee 1619
Chickasaw
1832
Cherokee
Cherokee 1835
1816
Chickasaw
1816
.
Choctaw 1816
1814.
Creek 1832
-
Choctaw 1830
Choctaw 1805
Creek
Choctaw 1802
Conflicting Claims
Bureau of Ethnology, 1S Annual Report, Plate I.
(170)
1
Chap. VI .- Plate 11. Value of Lands Sold in Alabama. In $100,000's.
1806 1507 1808 1809 1510 1871 1812 1813 1824 1515 1366 147 1818 1819 1820.
76
76
74
72
70
68
60
50 5€
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52
50
48
46 44
-
42
-
-
38
-
36 34
-
32
30
-
+ -
2.
--
11
22
20
18
16:
14
12
10
8 6
Land Office at St. Stephens = Huntsville = Catawba =
American State Papers, Lands, V, 384-385. (171)
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-
-
-
Chap. VII .- Plate 12. Average Yearly Price of Middling Upland Cotton.
In cents.
1815 181 1317 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1834 1825 1826 1827 1838 1829 1830
39
35
34
.
--
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
241
23
22
21
20
-
19
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
New York Price = - Liverpool Price =
J. L. Watkins, Production and Price of Cotton, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Statistics, Miscellaneous Bulletins, No. 9, 8-9, 1895. Also used by later writers.
(172)
Chap. VII .- Plate 13. Average Valuation of Slaves in Mobile. In dollars.
1814 185 1816
1812 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1223 1824 1825 1826 1822 1828 1829 1230.
450
440
430
120
410
400
390
380
370
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
264
DeBow, Industrial Resources, II, 79.
(173)
.
Chap. VII .- Plate 14. Cotton Crop of South Alabama, 1818-1930. In 1,000 bales.
1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1822 1820 1229 1030
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
-
35
1
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Computed increase in crop proportionate to increase in number of slaves indicated by - - - Hazard, U. S. Commercial and Statistical Register, III, 272. (From Mobile Letter Sheet.) (174)
-
Chap. VII .- Plate 15. Slave Population. Census, 1818
X
X
X
X
over 50 per cent. slaves.
40-50
..
30-40
-
-
20-30
..
-
.
10-20
-
-
0 - 10
-
-
X No report.
Walker Papers. (175)
Chap. VII .- Plate 16. Slave Population, 1824.
Over 50 percent. slaves
40-50
..
..
30-40
-
20-30
..
10-20
..
.
-
0-10
-
..
Huntsville Democrat, Nov. 22, 1824. LaTourette Map.
(176)
Chap. VII .- Plate 17. Slave Population, 1830.
Over 50 per cent. slaves.
40- 50 per cent. slaves.
30-40 .. ..
20-30
. 10-20
0 - 10 -
See U. S. Census, 1830.
(177)
Chap. VIJI .-- Plat: 18. River Map.
Florence .
Tennessee Rivey
· Tuscumbia_
Muscle Shoals
. Huntsville.
Ft Deposit
Black Warrior River
03007
Tuscaloosa
Caharba Kirer
...
Montgomery
River
St
Stephens
Claiborne
Pt
Stodday
Mobile
(178)
Tombigbee River
Chap. IX .-- Plate 19. Imports and Exports at Mobile. In $100,000.
1819 1820 1821
1822 1823 1824 1115 1876 1817 1828
1829 1830
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Exports Imports
-
Note: Exports include coastwise cotton. MacGregor, Commercial Statistics, III, 289. (179)
1
Chap. XI .-- Plate 20. Presidential Election of 1824.
.
la
Blount
Pickens Tuscaloosa
Bibb
Greene
Perry
Autoriza
Dallas
Montgomery
Wilcox
Clarke
Pike
Monroe
Butler
wash
Tagton
-
Conecuh C
Mobile Baldwin
Percentage of Jackson Vote:
75-100
50-75
25-50
Total for State, 69.
Huntsville Democrat, Nov. 22, 1824. Cahawba Press, Nov. 22, 1824, et seq.
(180)
Chap. XI .- Plate 21. On Motion Proposing Jackson for Presidency. Senate, 1823.
*
For_ Against
Senate Journal, 1823, 82.
(181)
Chap. XI .- Piate 22. On Motion Proposing Jackson for Presidency. House, 1823.
+
For. Against Tie.
House Journal, 1823, 77. (182)
Chap. XI .- Plate 23. Election of United States Senator, 1322.
.
4
King -
Crawford
Tie
House Journal, 1822, 83.
(183)
Chap. XI .- Plate 24. Election of United States Senator, 1822.
K
×
Kelly
Mª Kinley
XXI.
Tie.
House Journal, 1822, 80.
(184)
Chap. XI .- Plate 25. Election of United States Senator, 1824.
Kelly. Chambers Tie -
Senate Journal, 1824,60.
(185)
Chap. XII .-- Plate 26. Vote ot: Bill to Extend Jurisdiction of State Over Creeks, House, 1228.
Chickasaws
Cherokees
y
1
Creeks
Choctaws
For __
Against Tie
House Journal, 1828, 263. (186)
Chap. XII .-- Plate 27. House Vote in Election of United States Senator, 1826.
Mckinley
Clay -
Tie-
House Journal, 1826, 20-21.
(187)
Chap. XII .- Plate 28. From LaTourette Map, 1838.
1
'S
-
Chap. XII. Plate 28.
From La Tourette Map, 1838.
(188)
.
Chap. XII .- Plate 29. Vote on Bill Fixing the State Capital at Tuscaloosa. House, 1825.
Fusca Lo
6
awb
x
Tuscaloosa
Other Locations
.
.... . ....
House Journal, 1825, 75. (189)
.
Chap. XII .- Plate 30. Vote on Lewis Report Proposing Jackson for Presidency. House, 1827
For.
Against
....
Tie
House Journal, 1827, 182 et seq.
(190)
Chap. XIII. -- Plate 31. From LaTourette Map, 1838.
(191)
Chap. 8m Plate 31.
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF ALABAMA. TUSCALOOSA. . M ..
From Du. Tourette map, 1838.
,
.
-
Chap. XIV .- Plate 32. Vote on Bill to Prohibit Import of Slaves to State. Senate, 1826.
.
·
<
For . Against
Senate Journal, 1826, 143.
(192)
F 873,015
5219
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