USA > Arkansas > Biographical and historical memoirs of northeast Arkansas : comprising a condensed history of the state biographies of distinguished citizens a brief descriptive history of the counties, and numerous biographical sketches of the prominent citizens of such counties. V. 2 > Part 47
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by whom he has had three children: Nona W., Dunnington A. and James C. Col. Yancey is a man of excellent ability, and one whose oratory at times is grand. His shrewdness and foresight have won for him many cases, where facts and argument were needed, and his eloquent addresses to many a jury have given him victory where it needed a man who could play upon the human heart. He is attorney for the Keystone Mining Company, and is president of the Telephone Com- pany of Batesville. Also president of the Char- coal and Chemical Plant, and a principal stockholder in the Bank of Batesville, and also interested in the Batesville Printing Company, and Oil Trough Tel- ephone Company.
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SHARP COUNTY.
CHAPTER XXI !.
SHARP COUNTY - LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPHY-THE WATER SUPPLY-MINERALS, TIMBER AND SOIL- PRODUCTS-VALUATION OF PROPERTY-PUBLIC HIGHWAYS-POPULATION-ERECTION OF THE COUNTY-THE LEGAL CENTER-COUNTY BUILDINGS-DAYS OF THE PIONEERS-LAW AND EQUITY PRACTICED-THE STRUGGLE OVER SLAVERY AND SECESSION -VILLAGES LOCATED AND DESCRIBED-SCHOOL STATISTICS- CHURCH PEOPLE-CATALOGUE OF COUNTY OFFI- CERS-PERSONAL AND BUSINESS MEMO- RANDA-ELECTIONS.
"The husy world shoves angrily aside The man who stands with arms akimbo set Until occasion tells him what to do."
HARP COUNTY, lying in the northern tier of counties in Arkansas, is bounded north by Oregon County, Mo., east by Randolph and Lawrence, south by Independence, and west by Izard and Fulton counties, in Arkansas. It has an area of 290 square miles, or about 377,600 acres, of which nearly 60,000 belong to the United States, about 20,000 to the State, and the remainder to individuals, and to mining, timber and railroad com- panies.
The boundary lines of the county are as follows: Beginning at the southeast corner of Township 15 north, Range 4 west; thence north on the range line to the line between Townships 18 and 19 north; thence east on the township line to the south-east corner of Section 35, Township 19 north, Range 3 west; thence north on section lines three miles; thence west on the section line one mile; thence north ou 46
section lines five miles; thence in a northwesterly direction on the line between Sharp and Ran- dolph Counties to the State line; thence west, about eighty rods, to the line dividing Ranges 4 and 5 west; thence south on the range line to the northeast corner of Township 19 north, Range 5 west; thence west to the northwest corner of said Congressional township; thence south to the southwest corner of the same; thence west on the township line to the northwest corner of Section 1, Township 18 north, Range 7 west; thence south on section lines to the middle of said township; thence east one mile to the range line; thence south on the range line to the northeast corner of Section 36, Township 16 north, Range . west; thence west one and a half miles: thence south on sub-divisional lines to the middle of Town- ship 15 north; thence east on section lines to the line between Ranges 4 and 5 west; thence south on the range line to the line between Town- ships 14 and 15 north; thence east on the town. ship line to the place of beginning.
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
White River, and others flowing east tributary to Black River. It is classed in the State with the northern barrens and hill region. Its surface pre- sents a variety of features, some portions being hilly and broken, others rolling or undulating, with summit plateaus, while still other portions exhibit a level or flat surface. The ridges, which are from fifty to three hundred feet high, show outcroppings of sandstone and cherty limestone.
The principal difficulty encountered on some of the uplands consists in the loose rocks and bowlders lying scattered on the surface or slightly embedded in the earth; but, when these are re- moved, there remains a light soil, easily cultivated and always possessing to a greater or less extent the elements of fertility. The valley and bottom lands are dark loams, very rich and productive, usually drained by clear and never-failing streams of wholesome water. The latter, however, com- pose but a small percentage of the area of the county. A large portion of the uplands, as well as all of the valley lands, are comparatively free from rocks, and as the growth of timber is light upon the former it is easily cleared for the plow.
Spring River, flowing from the great Mammoth Spring of Fulton County, enters Sharp from the north, near the middle of the north line of Town- ship 19 north, Range 5 west, flows thence in a southeasterly direction across the county, and contains several good mill seats on its route. South Fork, its principal tributary from the west, enters the county at the northwest corner of the Congressional township just described, and empties into Spring River in the same township. Martin's Creek rises in the extreme northern por- tion, and flowing southwardly, empties into Spring River, in Range 3 west. Many smaller streams empty into this river within the county. Straw- berry River enters from the west, and flowing a little south of east on its general course, crosses the south central portion, its route also offering a number of desirable sites for mills. Piney Fork, another important stream, makes its appearance from the west a few miles south of Strawberry River, and empties into the latter in the south- west part of Township 17 north, Range 5 west.
William's, or South Big Creek, and also Reed's Creek flow into Strawberry River from the south, while North Big Creek, Mill and Harry's Creeks. join it from the north. Many smaller streams also find an outlet here. Polk Bayou and Sullivan's Creek, rising in the southwestern portion of the county, flow into White River. Cave Spring, a large body of water, flows through a cavern a few yards from the road leading from Evening Shade to Batesville, at a point about ten miles south of the former place. There are numerous springs in this vicinity, all producing cold, clear and pure water unexcelled in quality. Good well water can also be obtained in many places at a moderate depth, but where springs are not con- venient, cisterns are generally in use. The streams mentioned are not sluggish, but run with a swift current, thus making the water pure and healthful for stock.
Sharp County lies in the mineral belt, and zinc has been successfully mined and smelted at Cala- mine, on Section 22, Township 16 north, Range + west, in its southeast part, and also on Sections 12, 28 and 29, Township 18. north, Range + west, and there are indications of its existence in other localities. Evidences of the presence of copper have been discovered in Section 32. Township 17 north, Range 6 west. Some two miles from Calamine, in Sections 22, 23, 25 and 30, Township 16 north, Range + west, and the surrounding region, lies an immense bed of pot iron or looking-glass ore. Here, before the late war, iron was successfully made in a rude furnace, operated by Bevens & Co. The iron was of a fine quality, and found a ready sale then. The supply of ore is said to be almost inexhaustible. Hematite is found in various parts of the county, cropping out and lying loosely about the ground. Lead ore has also been found in the county, but its extent has not been ascertained. The best of lime has been made at Calamine and other points, and a light-grey, nearly white, marble, which takes on a fine polish, and has been used for grave-stones. lies in illimitable quantities near Highland, and but a few miles from Hardy. Good building stone may be had in various sections.
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SHARP COUNTY.
The timber growth of the county includes pine, all the varieties of oak, walnut, hickory, ash, syca- more, elm, gum and cedar. In the southwestern portion is a belt of yellow pine, of excellent quality. This pine region is about fifteen miles long and from two to five miles wide. Several good saw- mills are now at work in this region, converting the pine trees into lumber for the local trade.
The resources of the county are almost entirely agricultural, but the natural mineral and horti- cultural provisions, if developed, might be made very profitable. But little scientific farming has been done. Clover and the tame grasses, though they are said to do well, have scarcely been introduced. Individuals seem content to raise such crops of cotton and corn as the land will produce without re-fertilizing it. More thorough methods of farming must come. In 1880 the county contained 1,183 farms and 44, 674 acres of improved land. The vegetable productions for the year 1879, as shown by the United States census of 1880, were as follows: Indian corn, 432,570 bushels; oats, 52,241 bushels; wheat, 18,908 bushels; hay, 282 tons; Cotton, 4,350 bales; Irish potatoes, 4,285 bushels; sweet pota- toes, 5,917 bushels; tobacco, 10,070 lbs.
The number of head of live stock, as given by the same census, was: Horses, 2,186; mules and asses, 960; neat cattle, 8,653; sheep, 8,458; hogs, 19,731. The number, as shown by the assessment rolls for 1888, was: Horses, 2,311; mules and asses, 1,003; neat cattle, 11,149; sheep, 7,535; hogs, 14, - 497. The apparent decrease in the number of sheep and hogs is accounted for by the fact that the as- sessment rolls show only those on hand when the assessment was taken, and do not, like the census of 1880, include the number slaughtered and oth- erwise disposed of during the year. The census of 1890 will show a large increase over that of 1880. The county is well adapted to the raising of live stock, the winters being so mild and the range so extensive that but little shelter or feed are required. The stock industry can easily be made a very pro- fitable occupation.
* Quotations from North Arkansas Land Company's description of Sharp County.
In 1880 the real estate of Sharp County was assessed for taxation at $426,363, and the personal property at $363,420, making a total of $788, 783, on which an aggregate amount of taxes to the extent of $11,596 was charged. In 1888 the real estate assessment was $754,901, and personal prop- erty, $502,085, making a total of $1,256,986. The total taxes reached $12, 752. This comparison shows that since 1880 the taxable wealth of the county has increased nearly sixty per cent, while the amount of taxes charged is only a trifle more.
The Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis Rail- road passes through and across the northern part of the county, in the valley of Spring River. It is assessed for taxation here at $173,496.
The population of the county in 1870 was : White, 5,286; colored, 114; total 5,400. In 1880 it was white, 8,871; colored, 176; total 9,047. This shows an increase from 1870 to 1880, of a little over sixty-seven per cent of the white popu- lation and a little over fifty-four per cent of the colored. The immigration being somewhat rapid, the next census will probably present a still larger growth.
The organization of this territory was in accord- ance with an act of the General Assembly of the State, approved in July, 1868. It was named after E. Sharp, one of the representatives of the dis- trict composed of Lawrence, Randolph and Greene Counties, and who presented the bill for its formation. The territory composing it was nearly all taken from Lawrence County. By sub- sequent acts of the General Assembly, the original boundary lines have been slightly changed so as to conform to the present limit, as elsewhere noted. The county is now divided into eighteen municipal townships.
Upon the organization of the county the seat of justice was located at Evening Shade, where it still remains, though strenuous efforts have been put forth for a change to a more central point. Soon after the seat of justice was determined upon. work was commenced for the construction of a court- house which was completed not later than 1870. This house was a two-story frame, about 40x60 feet in size, with office rooms below, and the court room
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
above. It stood until 1879, when it was consumed by fire, together with nearly all of the public records. It is not known how the fire occurred. Since then the county has rented and still con- tinues to rent a building for a court-house. A very substantial wooden jail with an eighteen-inch wall made of planks securely spiked together, containing two rooms with a "cage" in one of them, was constructed soon after the county was organized. It is still standing and is in use. The county owns a "poor farm" consisting of 165 acres, located in Washington Township, on which there are good and comfortable buildings for the use of the paupers of the county, and the super- intendent of the farm. The contract for the keeping of the paupers is annually let to the low- est responsible bidder. The poor are here well cared for.
Among the pioneer settlers of (now) Sharp County were John King, who settled where Center postoffice is now located; Robert Lott, who located two miles west; Nicholas Norris and his son-in-law, William McKinley, who settled on Strawberry River, all about the year 1810. Prominent among the pioneers along Spring River were William Morgan, at the mouth of Rock Creek; William J. Gray, William Williford, Solomon Hudspeth, Colby Crawford, Stephen English, Robert J. Moore, Joseph Kellett, John Walker, Samuel Beasley and L. D. Dale. Ferguson B. Boothe settled at the head of Martin's Creek, John C. Garner and his four sisters farther down, and Jo- seph Kellett at the mouth of the same creek. Mr. Garner and two of his sisters, Mrs. Wilkinson and Mrs. Baker, all at a very advanced age, are living at this time. John and Joseph Hardin, R. P. Smithee, John Milliggan and J. W. Mobley were early settlers on Reed's Creek. John M. Vanhoo- zer, William Norris and Serrel Mobley early made a home on South Big Creek. The first settlers in the southwest part of the county were John Luce, Josiah Richardson, Plummer Baxter, A. J. Hodges and Judge A. H. Nunn, whose settlement dates from early in the 40's, and Col. William G. Math- eny, a pioneer of 1849.
The many very old people now residing in the
county, who have lived here nearly all their lives, prove that this is a remarkably healthy section, notwithstanding all that can be said to the con- trary. Several of the old settlers named are over eighty years of age, and two ladies, Mrs. Sarah Galloway and Miss Mary Caton, mention of whom should not be omitted, are ninety-eight and eighty- eight years of age, respectively. In 1876 there were in the county, by actual count, seventy-four persons each over seventy years old.
The county court of Sharp County convenes for its regular sessions on the first Mondays of Jan- uary, April, July and October of each year, and the probate court on the first Mondays of February, May, August and November. The circuit court convenes for its regular sessions on the first Mon- days of June and December of each year. This county belongs to the Third judicial district, of which J. W. Butler, of Batesville, is the present judge.
The legal bar of the county consists of the fol- lowing named attorneys: Col. J. L. Abernethy, S. H. Davidson (present State senator), John B. McCaleb, W. A. Turner, and A. J. Porter, the present county judge.
There has never been an execution for the of- fense of murder committed within Sharp County. A few years ago, however, one Joseph Camp was tried at Evening Shade, upon a change of venue from another county, for the killing of one Hulsey, was found guilty, and was hanged for the offense. For crimes committed within the county, there has been no conviction for murder in the first de- gree, and but one in the second degree, and two for manslaughter. Neither have there been but few homicides. The laws are generally well en- forced, and the citizens are law-abiding.
At the beginning of the Civil War of 1861-65, the citizens of this locality were, with only a few exceptions, in full sympathy with the proposed Southern Confederacy, and did all in their power to help establish it. There were but a few Union men, and they refugeed to the North. A number of companies of soldiers commanded, respectively. by Capts. William Adams, William G. Matheny, A. H. Nunn, M. V. Shaver, and perhaps others, were
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SHARP COUNTY.
recruited and organized in Lawrence County, from that part which now composes Sharp, for the Con- federate army, in which they served during the war. No engagement worthy of mention took place here, until the spring of 1864, when Col. Freeman and Maj. M. V. Shaver, with the Third Missouri Confederate Cavalry, met Col. Woods, with a Kansas regiment of Federal cavalry, on the Baker farm on Martin's Creek, in what is now the northern part of the county. On this occasion the Federal troops were routed and compelled to fall back toward headquarters, at Batesville, suffering some loss. There was no bushwacking among the citizens during the war, but several persons were killed by scouting parties passing through. The territory was generally over-run and devastated of its provisions, in consequence of which considera- ble suffering resulted for the want of food.
Sharp County can boast of no large towns, but it has a number of small villages distributed to suit the convenience of the people.
Ash Flat, located on Section 10, in Richwoods Township, contains four general stores, a drug store, a grocery and saddlery store, two blacksmith shops, two church edifices (one of which is also used for school purposes), a grist and flouring-mill and cotton-gin combined, a saw-mill and cotton- gin combined, one hotel, a lodge each of Masons, Eastern Star, and Knights and Ladies of Honor, one physician, and has a population of about 200. It is located in the best agricultural district of the county, and enjoys a considerable trade.
Some time prior to 1849 a postoffice was estab- lished in the hollow south of the east end of what is now the business street of Evening Shade. The office was so situated that after 3 o'clock P. M. of each day it remained in the shade of the tall pines standing on the rising grounds south and west, and for this reason it was named Evening Shade, the name that the place still retains. In June, 1849, Samuel Cammack opened the first store here. The site of its location is now occupied by the business street of the town, immediately in front of the present store of R. D. Williams. The building containing the goods was a canvas tent, with the rear end boarded up, the lock used at the front being
a large and savage female bull-dog. In September following, J. W. Shaver joined Mr. Cammack in the business, and together they formed the firm of Shaver & Cammack. About 1852 a party of na- tives met J. M. Hiland, a young man from Ten- nessee, in a saloon kept by one William Vaughan, and there gave him rum until he became intoxi- cated, after which he was induced to play cards. The victim was soon dispossessed of his money-a considerable amount. Upon sobering up, he ex- claimed: "They gave me rum, and hooked my money." In consequence of this, Evening Shade was, for many years, vulgarly called "Hook Rum."
At the beginning of the Civil War, Evening Shade contained three stores and a saloon, and about 100 inhabitants. It now has two general stores, two groceries, a drug store, bookstore, two hotels, mechanics' shops, a large public school- house, three church edifices, three grist-mills, two cotton-gins, five saw-mills, in the town and its im- mediate vicinity; two shingle-mills, two wool-card- ing mills, a bed-spring manufactory; a lodge, Chapter and Eastern Star lodge of the Masonic fraternity, and a lodge each of Odd-Fellows, Knights of Honor and Knights and Ladies of Honor, also five physicians, a real estate agent and an insurance agent. Society is refined and culti- vated; the town offers attractive advantages; it is a pleasant place in which to live, and a large amount of business is transacted. The population is about 350. The Sharp County Record, a weekly news- paper, in its twelfth volume, is published here by E. G. Henderson, its proprietor. It is well edited and advocates Democratic principles, though ably serving the general interests of its community.
Hardy, located on Spring River and on the Kan- sas City, Fort Scott & Memphis Railroad, consists of the railroad buildings, a general store, drug store, saloon, blacksmith shop, cotton-gin, a school- house, church and Masonic hall combined, and about twenty families. Williford, on the same river and railroad, ten miles below Hardy, has three general stores, a saloon, cotton-gin, black- smith shop, railroad section house, a school-house used also for religious services, and two stone quarries.
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
At each of these places is a postoffice, the one at Evening Shade being the only money order office within the county. Other postoffices and post-hamlets, the latter having a store or black- smith shop, and sometimes both, are Armstrong, Calamine, Canton, Center, Coats, Grange, King's Mills, Loyal, Martin's Creek, Maxville, Polk Bayou, Poughkeepsie, Reed's Creek, Sidney and Winsted.
The subject of education has not been lost sight of in the progress and advancement of other mat- ters. In 1873 a two-story frame college building, 40x80 feet in size, was erected at Evening Shade, and a college was incorporated, but never supplied with a faculty. The building, however, was used for school purposes until 1882, when it was con- sumed by fire. In general, the people of Sharp County are in favor of popular education. This is evidenced by the fact that nearly, if not all, the districts recently voted a local school tax for 1889. The following statistics are taken from the off- cial report of the State superintendent of public instruction for the year ending June 30, 1888: Scholastic population-White 3,909; colored 66; total 3,975. Enrollment in the public schools- White, 2,228; colored, 13; total, 2,241. Number of districts 66; number reporting enrollment 45; teachers employed 45; number of institutes held 2; number of teachers attending 33; average monthly salaries paid teachers-first grade, males $42.50, females $40.00; second grade, males $37.50, . females $35.00; third grade, males $27.50; females $25.00. If these figures indicate a true condition of the schools of the county, it readily appears that only 57 per cent of the white and only 20 per cent of the colored scholastic population at- tended the public schools. In submitting the above figures to the State superintendent, P. H. Wilkerson, the county examiner, complaining of the failure of school directors to make full reports, said: "The reports are never correct excepting the num- ber of children; all other data are almost entirely neglected." Evidently the school law should be thoroughly revised, so as to compel full and com- plete reports of all school officers. It is argued here by those most favorable to popular education that all school tuition taxes should be levied by
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