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Gc 979.4 G94his 26238
PUBLIC LIBRARY FORT WAYNE & ALLENAS ININ
DVERSITE ANNEX
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
1
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01148 2814
transfer tille.
G. W. Lowe.
HISTORICAL AND 1 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD
OF
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
CONTAINING A HISTORY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FROM ITS EARLIEST SETTLEMENT TO THE OPENING YEAR OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
BY
J. M. GUINN, A. M.
Secretary of the Historical Society of Southern California. Member of the American Historical Association of Washington, D. C.
ALSO CONTAINING BIOGRAPHIES OF WELL-KNOWN CITIZENS OF THE PAST AND PRESENT
CHAPMAN PUBLISHING COMPANY CHICAGO 190°
COPYRIGHT, 1902
BY CHAPMAN PUBLISHING CO.
PREFACE.
S OUTHERN CALIFORNIA is neither a geographical nor a political subdivision of the state of California. Generally speaking, it refers to the seven southern counties, viz .: San Diego, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Los Angeles, Ventura and Santa Barbara; yet there is no good reason why it might not take in two or three more counties. In the so-called l'ico Law of 1859, "granting the consent of the legislature to the formation of a different govern- ment for the southern counties of the state," San Luis Obispo and all the territory now com- prising Kern were included within the boundaries of the proposed new state of Southern Cali- fornia.
The plan of the historical part of this work includes-first a general history of what is usually designated as Southern California, beginning with its discovery and continuing through the Span- ish and Mexican eras into the American period to the subdivision of the state into counties ; -second a history of each county of Southern California from the date of its organization to the present time.
The author has endeavored to give a clear, concise and accurate account of the most impor- tant events in the history of the section covered. The reader will find in it, no landations of climate, no advertisements of the resources and productions of certain sections, no puffs of individuals or of private enterprises. However interesting these might be to the individuals and the localities praised, they are not history and therefore have been left out.
In compiling the history of the Spanish and Mexican eras I have taken Bancroft's History of California as the most reliable authority.
I have obtained much original historical material from the Proceedings of the Ayuntamiento or Municipal Council of Los Angeles (1828 to 1846). The jurisdiction of that Ayuntamiento extended over the arca now included in four of the seven counties of Southern California. Con- sequently the history of Los Angeles in the Mexican cra is virtually the history of all the section under the jurisdiction of its ayuntamiento. This accounts for the prominence of Los Angeles in the carlier portions of this volume.
The names of the persons interviewed and the lists of books, periodicals, newspapers and manuscripts consulted in the preparation of this work would be altogether too long for insertion here. To the authors from whom I have quoted, credit has been given either in the body of the work or in foot notes. To the persons who have given me verbal or written information I return my sincere thanks.
Los Angeles, October 12, 1901. 26238
J. M. GUINN.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PART FIRST. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.,
CHAPTER I
SPANISH DISCOVERIES ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 33
Spanish Enterprise and Adventure-Scurvy, the Scourge of the Seas-Hernan Cortés- Fortuno Ximenez discovers Baja California-Origin of the name California-Discovery of the Rio Colorado-Ulloa's Voyage-Coronado's Return dispels the Myths of Quivera and the Seven Cities of Cibola-Mendoza sends Cabrillo on a Voyage of Discovery to the North- west Coast.
CHAPTER II
THE DISCOVERY OF NUEVA OR ALTA CALIFORNIA. 35
Cabrillo's Voyage-Discovery of the Bay of San Diego-Islands of San Salvador and Vitoria, now Santa Catalina and San Clemente-Bay of San Pedro-Santa Barbara Islands-Deatlı of Cabrillo-Return of his Ships-Drake's Voyage through the Straits of Magellan --- Plunders Spanish Settlements on the South Pacific Coast-Search for the Straits of Anian- Refits his Ship in a California Harbor-Takes possession of the Country for the English Sovereign-Names it New Albion-Return to England-Sebastian Viscaino's Voyage- Changes the names of the bays and islands discovered by Cabrillo-First Boom Literature- Failure of Viscaino's Colonization Scheme. His death-Las Californias still believed to be an island-Father Kino's Explorations in 1700 dispels this fallacy.
CHAPTER III
MISSION COLONIZATION . Spain's System of Colonizing-Fear of English and Russian Aggression-Four Expeditions sent to Nueva California-Settlement at San Diego-Portola's Expedition sets out for Monterey-Discoveries-General Plan of the Missionary Establishments, Location and Government-Industrial Training of the Neophytes-San Gabriel under Zalvidea-What was accomplished there.
39
CHAPTER IV
THE INDIANS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.
41
Inferiority of the California Indian-Indian Towns-Yang-na-Indians of the Los Angeles Valley-Hugo Reid's Description of their Government-Religion-Marriage-Burials-Feuds -Song Fights-Utensils-Mythology-Myths-Indians of the Santa Barbara Channel- Chupu the Channel god-A Revelation.
14
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER V
THIE FRANCISCAN MISSIONS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.
Location of the Missions-Condition of the Buildings now-Founding of San Diego de Alcalá-Destruction of the Mission Buildings by Indians-Murder of Father Jaume-Mis- sion Statistics-San Gabriel Arcángel-Disreputable Soldiers-Mission Moved to a new Site-Statistics-San Juan Capistrano-Failure of the first attempt-Mission re-established - Earthquake of 1812-Destruction of the Church and Loss of Life-Mission Secularized. San Buenaventura-Channel Missions Damaged by Earthquake-Mission Garden-Santa Barbara-Delay in Founding-Damages by Earthquake-Mission rebuilt-Statistics-La Purisima-New Plan of Mission Management-Church Destroyed by Earthquake-Revolt of the Indians-Statistics-San Fernando-Large death rate-Treaty of Cahuenga-San Luis Rey-Flourishing Mission-Father Peyri-The Asistencia of Pala-Santa Inéz-Effects of the Earthquake-Indian Revolt-Chiefs Shot.
+6
CHAPTER VI
THE PRESIDIOS OF SAN DIEGO AND SANTA BARBARA.
The Presidio in Colonization-The founding of the Presidio of San Diego-Monotony of Soldier Life-The Fur Traders-The Lelia Byrd-The Hide Droghers-San Diego in 1829- Don Juan Bandini's Mansion-The Old Presidio in 1836-Dana's visit in 1859-The Channel Missions and Presidio of Santa Barbara-Founding of Santa Barbara-Quarrel between the Padres and the Comandante-Vancouver's Description of the Presidio in 1793-Completion of the Presidio-A Boston Boy -- Don Jose de La Guerra y Noriega-Change of Flags- Santa Barbara in 1829-As Dana saw it in 1836-Farnham describes it in 1840-Population and Appearance of the Pueblo when Fremont's Battalion took possession of it in 1846.
... 52
CHAPTER VII
FOUNDING OF THE PUEBLO OF LOS ANGELES.
56
Pueblo plan of Colonization-Governor de Neve selects Pueblo sites-Regulations and Sup- plies for the Colonists-Recruiting Pobladores in Sonora and Sinaloa-Arrival of the Colon ists at San Gabriel-Founding of the Pueblo de Los Angeles-Names of the eleven heads of Families-Derivation of the name of the Town and River-The Indian Town of Yang-na.
CHAPTER VIII
LOS ANGELES IN THE SPANISH ERA. 60
The Old Plaza-Area of a Pueblo-Subdivision of Pueblo Lands-Location of the Old Plaza-Deportation of three worthless Colonists-Final Distribution of Lands to the Colon- ists in 1786-Government of the Pueblo-Census of 1790-Population in 1810-The "pirate Buchar"-End of Spain's domination in California.
4
CHAPTER IX
TRANSITION PERIOD-FROM MONARCHIY TO REPUBLIC.
. . . .. 64
Governor Sola a Royalist-Californians Loyal to Spain during the Revolution-Beginnings of a Government by the People-Population and Resources of the Pueblo of Los Angeles- Arrival of Foreigners-Life in California in 1829-Slow Growth and Little Progress.
1
15
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER X
MISSION SECULARIZATION AND THE PASSING OF THE NEOPHYTE. . ... 66
Sentiment not History-Spain's purpose in Founding the Missions-Mission Land Mo- nopoly-Decrees of Secularization humane-Regulations Governing Secularization-Slaughter of Cattle-Reckless Destruction-Ruin of the Missions-Fall of the Neophyte-The Pueblito -Indian Slaves-The Monday Auction-What became of the Mission Estates-Mortality among Neophytes under Mission rule-Extinction of the Indian inevitable.
CHAPTER XI
A DECADE OF REVOLUTIONS.
70
The Storm Centre of Revolutions-Expulsion of Governor Victoria-Death of Avila and Pacheco-Pio Pico, Governor-Rival Governors, Echeandia and Zamorano-California Split in two-Governor Figueroa appointed-The Hijar Colony-A Cobbler and a Cigar Maker head a Revolution-Hijar and Padres arrested and shipped to Mexico-Death of Governor Figueroa-Los Angeles made the Capital of Alta California-Castro becomes "gefe politico" -Chico, Governor-Deposed and sent back to Mexico.
CHAPTER XII
EL ESTADO LIBRE Y SOBERANO DE ALTA CALIFORNIA. ..... 74
(The Free and Sovereign State of Alta California)
Causes that led to Revolution-No Offices for the "Hijos del Pais" (native sons)-Revolt against Governor Gutierrez-Declaration of Independence -- Alvarado, Governor of the Free State-Monterey Plan-Los Angeles opposes it-War between the North and the South- Battle of San Buenaventura-Los Angeles Subjugated-Peace in the Free State-Carlos Carrillo appointed Governor by the Supreme Government-Los Angeles the Capital of the South-Carrillo inaugurated with imposing ceremonies-War again-Capture of Los Angeles -Flight of Carrillo to San Diego-Battle of Las Flores-Surrender of Carrillo-Alvarado recognized as Governor by the Supreme Government-End of the Free State.
CHAPTER XIII
CLOSING YEARS OF MEXICAN RULE.
The Government in the hands of the Native Sons-Arrival of Trappers from the United States-The Graham Affair-Arrival of Governor Micheltorena and his Cholo Army-Cap- ture of Monterey by Commodore Jones-Micheltorena and Jones meet at Los Angeles-Ex- travagant demands of the Governor-An Army of Chicken Thieves-Revolt against Michel- torena and his Cholos-Sutter and Graham join forces with Micheltorena-The Picos unite with Castro and Alvarado-Americans favor Pico-Battle of Cahuenga-Defeat and Abdica- tion of Micheltorena-Deportation of the Governor and his Army-Pio Pico, Governor -- Looking Backward.
79
16
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XIV
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT-MUY ILUSTRE AYUNTAMIENTO. 84
But Little Crime in California under Spanish and Mexican Rule-Pueblo Government-The Most Illustrious Ayuntamiento-That of Los Angeles the best Illustration of a Mexican Municipal Council-Officers of the Ayuntamiento-Taking the Oath of Office-When Office Sought the Man-The Public Alarm-Blue Laws of Old Los Angeles-Hygienic rules-The Pueblito-Municipal revenues-Salaries-Elections-Judges of the Plains.
CHAPTER XV
THE HOMES AND HOME LIFE OF CALIFORNIANS IN THE ADOBE AGE. 89
The Indian Brick-maker-An Architecture without Freaks or Fads-The Adobe Age not Aesthetic-Leonardo Cota's Plea for Urban Beauty-Reconstruction and Rehabilitation --- Style of Dress in 1829-No Chimneys for Santa Claus-Filial Respect-Economical Govern- ment-Dog Days-No Fire Department and no Police.
CHAPTER XVI
ACQUISITION OF CALIFORNIA BY THE UNITED STATES-CAPTURE OF LOS ANGELES. 93
Territorial Expansion-Fremont and Castro-The Bear Flag Revolt-Commodore Sloat takes possession of California-Castro's Retreat Southward-Review of Affairs at Los Angeles-The Old Feud between the Uppers and the Lowers-Pico's Humane Proclama- tion-Stockton at San Pedro and Fremont at San Diego-Their United Forces enter Los Angeles-Historical Myths.
CHAPTER XVII
SIEGE OF LOS ANGELES.
. . 98
Stockton and Fremont Leave Los Angeles-Captain Gillespie in Command of the Southern Department-Revolt of the Californians-Gillespie's Men Besieged on Fort Hill-Juan Flaco's Ride-Battle of Chino-Americans Evacuate the City-Retreat to San Pedro-Can- non thrown into the Bay.
CHAPTER XVIII
BATTLE OF DOMINGUEZ RANCHI-FLORES, GOVERNOR. . . . .. 10I
Authentic account of the Battle by Lieutenant Duvall-Arrival of the Savannah at San Pedro, Capt. William Mervine, Commanding-Landing of the Troops-Gillespie's Men join Mer- vine-March to Dominguez Ranch-Battle-Retreat of Mervine's Force-Names of the Killed and Wounded-Dead Buried on Deadman's Island-Names of the Officers in Com- mand-The Old Woman's Gun-Flores made Governor and Comandante-General-Jealousy of the Hijos del Pais-Arrest of Flores-He is Released and Rico Imprisoned.
17
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XIX
THE SECOND CONQUEST OF CALIFORNI.A.
104
Stockton Arrives at San Pedro-Carrillo's Ruse-A Remarkable Battle-Fremont Recruits a Battalion-Californians Capture Santa Barbara and San Diego-Recapture of San Diego- Building of a Fort-The Flag Episode-Arrival of General Kearny at Warner's Pass-Battle of San Pasqual-Commodore Stockton Sends a Force to Relieve General Kearny-Prepara- tions for an Attack upon Los Angeles-The March-Battle of Paso de Bartolo, or San Gabriel River-Battle of La Mesa-Small Losses.
CHAPTER XX
OCCUPATION OF LOS ANGELES-BUILDING OF FORT MOORE. ... .109
Burial of the Dead-Surrender of Los Angeles-The Americans Occupy the City-Unwel- come Visitors-A Famous Scold-How Stockton Obtained Headquarters-Building of Fort Moore-Two Forts-Fears of an Invasion-The Mormon Battalion-Colonel Stevenson takes Command-A Flagstaff for the Fort-The First Fourth of July-Historical Fictions-Fre- mont's Headquarters.
CHAPTER XXI
TREATY OF CAHUENGA-TRANSITION
. . 114
Fremont's Battalion Arrives at San Fernando-Negotiations-Treaty Signed-Fremont's Battalion enters Los Angeles-Colonel Fremont appointed Governor-Quarrel between Stockton and Kearny-Colonel Mason succecds General Kearny-Colonel Stevenson in Com- mand of the Southern Department-Ayuntamiento Elected-Civil and Military Authorities Clash-Stephen C. Foster, Alcalde-The Guard House blown up-Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo-Pio Pico Returns to California-The Second Ayuntamiento.
PART SECOND.
COUNTIES OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.
CHAPTER XXII
SAN DIEGO COUNTY
. 119
Organization of the County-Boundaries-Population in 1850-Indian War of 1851-Early History of the County and City Identical-The Old Pueblo-First Survey of the Pueblo Lands -Area of the Pueblo in 1850-Origin of New Town-Puenta de Los Muertos-The First Buildings in New San Diego-The First Wharf-Its Tragic Fate-The Pioneer Newspaper- Disasters that Befell the Plant-John Phoenix, Editor-A Political Somersault-The Famous Mill between Ames and Phoenix-The San Diego Herald Dies-Early Steamers- The First Overland Mail Route-Old Town and New Town in Statu Quo-Dry Years and the Civil War.
CHAPTER XXIII
SAN DIEGO COUNTY (CONTINUED)
. . .. 124
THE NEW ERA
Arrival of Alonzo E. Horton-He Buys a Town Site-The Rush to San Diego-Rapid Growth of New Town-The Horton House-The Texas Pacific Railroad-The Railroad Act Passed, Great Rejoicing-Boom of 1871-Some Boom Poetry-Branch Railroads-Fail- ure of the Railroad-Bursting of the Boom-Gloom-A New Trans-Continental Railroad Scheme-Its Success-The Boom of 1887-Inflation of Values-New Towns-Collapse of the Real Estate Bubble-The Boom a Blessing-Development of the Back Country-Sub- stantial Improvements Made-A Year of Disasters-Recuperation-Riverside County takes a Slice-Annals of the Closing Years of the Century-Public Schools-The Free Public Library-The Chamber of Commerce.
OTHER CITIES AND TOWNS Old Town-National City-Coronado Beach-Oceanside-Escondido-Fall Brook-Pala- Julian-Banner.
CHAPTER XXIV
LOS ANGELES COUNTY
. . . . . . . . 131
AREA AND ORGANIZATION
Extent of the Original County-Boundaries-Organization of San Bernardino County-A Slice taken off Los Angeles to Make Kern-Orange County Created-No More County Division-Organization of the Los Angeles County Government-First election-Officers Elected-Court of Sessions-A County Interpreter-County Prisoners Hired to the City
19
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Council-First Public Building, a Jail-Jueces del Campo-Patriots of the Pocket-Some Charges-The First Fee Bill-The Office of Supervisor Created-First Board.
THE FIRST DECADE OF THE COUNTY'S HISTORY, 1850 TO 1860
Early Land Grants-Litigation over Grants-Township Boundaries-Immigrants and Over- land Routes-Sonorese Migration-A Job Lot of Immigrants-A Tricky Alcalde-The Mexican Route-The Gila Route-The Santa Fe Trail-The Salt Lake Route-Immi- gration by Southern Routes-Commerce and Conveyances-The Mustang Saddle Train- The Carreta Freight Train-First Stages-The First Steamer at San Pedro-High Fare and Freight Charges-Bucking Sailors-Imports and Exports-High Price of Grapes --- First State Census-Small Area under Cultivation-Slow Growth of the County in the 50's.
CHAPTER XXV
LOS ANGELES COUNTY (CONTINUED)
. 137
THE SECOND DECADE, 1860 TO 1870
A Gold Rush and Gold Placers-Hard Times-The Great Flood of 1861-62-After the Deluge-Drought-The Famine Years of 1863-64-Death of Cattle-Financial Depression -The Civil War-Decadence of the Cattle Industry-The Stearns Ranchos-From Cattle Raising to Grain Production.
THE THIRD DECADE, 1870 TO 1880
Railroads-Los Angeles and San Pedro Railroad-The Southern Pacific-Bond Election -. The Great Tunnel-Completion of the Road between Los Angeles and San Francisco-First train-Los Angeles and Independence Road- Fate of the Santa Monica Wharf-Colonies- San Pasqual Plantation Scheme-The Indiana Colony-It becomes Pasadena-Rapid Growth -Pomona-First Auction Sale of Land and Lots-Santa Monica-"The Zenith City by the Sunset Sea"-Disasters.
THE FOURTH DECADE, 1880 TO 1890
Depression Continues-First Trans-Continental Railroad-Immigration-A New Railroad Coming-Beginning of the Boom-Town-Making-Homberg's Twin Cities-Unprincipled Boomers-Magnitude of the Boom-Great Booms of Former Times-Collapse.
FIFTH DECADE, 1890 TO 1900
From Boom to Gloom-Increase in Population-Reaction-Bank Panic of 1893-Spanish War-The Harbor War-Three Dry Years-Prosperity-Population of Cities and Towns in 1900.
CHAPTER XXVI
THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES
. . . . .. 144
SHAPING THE CITY
A City Without Form-Urban Expansion-The First Boom-No Written Titles-Land Commissioner's Report-"Monstrous Irregularity of the Streets"-Area of the Pueblo, "Two Leagues to each Wind from the Plaza Church"-An Amazed Commission-Wide Streets Offend the Sense of the Beautiful-Squaring the Plaza-Ord's Survey-Area of the City, Sixteen Square Leagues-Street Names in Ord's Plan-Charity Street-Adjusting Strect Lines and Property Lines.
AMERICANIZING THE CITY
Incorporated by the Legislature of 1849-50-Reduced Area-Twice Made a City and not Much of a City Then-The First Election Under American Law-City Officers-Patriotic
20
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Councilmen-The Indian Question-Auction Sale of Prisoners-A City Ordinance that Favored Poor Lo-The Whipping Post-The Indian Question Settled.
THE POST OFFICE AND POSTAL SERVICE
Postal Service in the Spanish Era-In the Mexican Era-First American Mail Service-A Tub Post Office-Irregular Mails-The Butterfield Stage Route-Los Angeles Postmasters.
SCHOOLS AND SCHOOL MASTERS
The First School-Mexican Schools and School Masters-First American School-The First School Ordinance-The Pioneer School House of the City-Prejudice against the Public Schools-The First High School in Southern California-City School Superintendents- The Normal School.
CHAPTER XXVII
THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES (CONTINUED).
.. 152
CRIMES AND VIGILANCE COMMITTEES
Turbulence, but few Capital Crimes under Spanish and Mexican Rule-The Defenders of Public Safety-The First Executions by a Vigilance Committee+-Gold and Crime-People's Tribunals-Executions by Vigilance Committees in Los Angeles-The Murder of Sheriff Barton and Four of His Posse-Extermination of the Flores Gang-The Vasquez Gang-The Chinese Massacre-The Last Vigilance Committee.
PIONEER NEWSPAPERS
La Estrella de Los Angeles (The Star of Los Angeles)-The Southern Californian-EI Clamor Publico-The Southern Vineyard-The Los Angeles Daily News.
ANNALS OF THE CITY'S GROWTH AND PROGRESS
Adobe gives Place to Wood and Brick in Building-First Building Boom-Population in 1860-Camel Caravans-The Telegraph-Salt Lake Trade-Union Demonstration-The Great Flood-A Year of Disasters-Union and Secession-The War Ends and Peace Reigns -The First Protestant Church-The Great Flood of 1868 Makes a New River-Ncw Growth-The First Railroad-City Lighted with Gas-First Bank-Population of the City. 1870-The Railroad Bond Question-Bank Panic-Hard Times-Population in 1880-Rc- action-A Rate War-Good Times-The Boom Comes-The Cable Railway-Electric Rail- ways-Oil Discovery-Oil Boom-City's Expansion by Annexation-Population in 1900.
CHAPTER XXVIII
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY
. .158
ORIGIN OF THE NAME
First use of the Name in Connection with the Mainland-Santa Barbara, Virgin and Martyr.
ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY
Boundaries-Transition from Mexican to American Forms of Government-Election of County Officers-County Seal-Sheriff Killed-First County Assessment-Mixing City and County Offices-Ruling Families-Townships-Board of Supervisors-The County Solidly Democratic in Politics-The First Court House.
CRIME AND CRIMINALS
Bands of Outlaws-Jack Powers-Ned McGowan-His escape from the Vigilantes-A Grand Jury Report.
21
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
DOWNFALL OF THE CATTLE KINGS
The Feudal Lords of the Land-Stock Ranges Equal to Gold Mines-Overstocked Ranges- Starvation of Cattle-The Shepherd Kings-Kings no More-The Famine Years end their Rule-Fatalism-Subdivision of the Great Ranchos-Transition Period-Prosperity-The Southern Pacific Railroad-The Boom-Railroad Gap Closed-Lompoc-Guadalupe-Bettera via-Santa Maria-Santa Ynez-Goleta-El Montecito-Summerland-Carpinteria Valley- The Channel Islands.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS
First School-Long Vacations-Schools under Mexican Rule-Schools after the Conquest -Little Progress at First-Rapid Advance-High Schools
CHAPTER XXIX
THE CITY OF SANTA BARBARA.
165
ORGANIZATION OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT
Incorporation-First Meeting of the Common Council-City Officials-Lost Records- Haley's Survey-Wrackenrueder's Map-The Second Council-The Indian Question-An Ethnic Question-Economical City Government-"A Wide Open Town"-A California Treat-A Spasm of Virtue-Careless Councils-Pueblo Lands-Street Names-Cañon Perdido Street-The Lost Cannon Found-Squatter Troubles-The Arroyo Burro Affair-The Pioneer Newspaper of Santa Barbara-The Gazette a Live Paper-The Gazette Starved to Death-A Poco Tiempo Town-Tip or Dip.
THE NEW ERA
Feudalism-Dry Years and Hard Times-Awakening-Coast Stage Line-Gas Introduced -Rise in Real Estate-First Bank-Natural History Society-The Public Library-A Decade of Transition-Population in 1870; in 1880-Population in 1890 gain of 70 per cent .--- Railroad Building and Projecting-Arrival of the First Passenger Train-A Boom-Sub- stantial Improvements-Street Paving-Southern Pacific Coast Line Completed-St. An- thony's College-A Tragedy-The New High School.
CHAPTER XXX
VENTURA COUNTY.
. 171
BEFORE THE COUNTY WAS CREATED
Absenteeisms-The Old Mission-Battle of San Buenaventura-No American Settlers at the Time of the Conquest-A Township of Santa Barbara-First Attempt to Form a New County-State Division-First Survey of a Town Site-Flood of 1861-Famine Years of 1863 and 1864-Flood of 1868-Immigration Drifting Southward-The Coast Stage Line -San Buenaventura in 1870-Those Americans are Coming-A Night Ride over the Moun- tains-The First Wharf-The Ventura Signal-The Pioneer Newspaper.
ORGANIZATION OF THE NEW COUNTY
Reasons for County Division-No Offices for the Venturians-Election Frauds-The Pop- ulation of the Proposed New County Mostly American-Failure of the Second Attempt to Create a New County-The Third Succeeds-Boundaries of Ventura County-The First Election and the County Officers Elected-The First Court House-Business Activity.
.176
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXXI
VENTURA COUNTY (CONTINUED).
ANNALS OF VENTURA TOWN AND COUNTY
School Bonds and New School House-The First Murder in the New County-Library Association-Another Newspaper-Fire Company-Wreck of the Kalorama-Murder of T. Wallace More-A Year of Disasters-Wealth and Products of the County in 1879- Flood of 1884-Railroad and the Boom Arrive-Brilliant Outlook-Census of 1890-Pioneer Society-Annals of the Past Decade.
CITIES AND TOWNS
Hueneme-Nordhoff-Santa Paula-Oxnard-El Rio-Montalvo-Saticoy-Fillmore-Bards- clale-Camulos Rancho-The Oil Industry-Theodosia B. Shepherd Plant and Seed Com- pany-Islands of Ventura-Anacapa-San Nicolas-The Lone Woman of San Nicolas.
CHAPTER XXXII
ORANGE COUNTY.
. . . ... 184
COUNTY DIVISION
Act Creating the County Passed-Twenty Years of County Division-Anaheim County- Major Max Strobel's Scheme and Its Failure-Strobel, a Soldier of Fortune and a Victim of Misfortune-The First Orange County-A County Division Candidate-Wiseman, the "Broadaxe"-Santa Ana County-Orange County Again-Success.
ORGANIZATION OF THE NEW COUNTY
First Officers-Boundaries and Area-Spanish Ranchos-The Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana-Squatter War-Judge Field's Decision-Schools-High Schools-Court House -Population of the County-History of the Celery Industry-Cienegas or Peat Lands-Regarded by the Early Settlers as Waste Lands-Their Drainage and Cultiva- tion-Wild Celery and Wild Hogs-First Experiment in Celery Culture-Persecu- tion of the Chinese Laborers-Extent of the Business-The Oil Industry-First Experi- ments in Well Boring-Rise in Real Estate.
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