USA > California > Glenn County > History of Colusa and Glenn counties, California, with biographical sketches of the leading men and women of the counties who have been identified with their growth and development from the early days to the present > Part 1
USA > California > Colusa County > History of Colusa and Glenn counties, California, with biographical sketches of the leading men and women of the counties who have been identified with their growth and development from the early days to the present > Part 1
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GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01067 2084
HISTORY OF Colusa and Glenn Counties
CALIFORNIA
WITH
Biographical Sketches OF
The Leading Men and Women of the Counties Who have
been Identified with their Growth and
Development from the Early
Days to the Present
HISTORY BY CHARLES DAVIS MCCOMISH AND MRS. REBECCA T. LAMBERT
ILLUSTRATED
COMPLETE IN ONE VOLUME
HISTORIC RECORD COMPANY
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
1918
CONTENTS-HISTORICAL
HISTORY OF COLUSA COUNTY By Charles Davis McComish
1169819AGE 17
FOREWORD
Former histories of Colusa County: History by Will S. Green, pub- lished in 1880, exhaustive in detail and copiously illustrated; history by Justus H. Rogers, published in 1891, a complete and valuable work for its period-Purpose and field of the present history.
CHAPTER I
EARLY HISTORY OF CALIFORNIA
18
- 70
Legends and stories of the coming of one Manuelo, a Spanish sailor, to San Francisco Bay-The voyage of Cabrillo, in 1542-Conditions in California before the coming of the white men-Sir Francis Drake reaches California in 1579, on his trip around the world-Visits of Spanish vessels from 1579 to 1602-Father Junipero Serra establishes the first of the Spanish missions, at San Diego, in 1769-Growth and prosperity of the missions, 1769 to 1833-Restrictions upon the mis- sions under Spanish rule, 1769 to 1824-Russian fur-trading post estab- lished at Fort Ross in 1812-Arrival of American and English adven- turers-Jedediah S. Smith, the first white man to cross the Sierra Nevada Mountains, 1825-Chapman marries the daughter of Captain Ortega, the discoverer of San Francisco Bay-Conditions in California under Mexican rule-Decline and secularization of the missions-The Indians dispossessed-Capt. John Sutter arrives, 1839-John Bidwell and party, 1841-First wave of the great flood of immigration-The Bear Flag army-California passes from Mexican to American dom- ination-Discovery of gold by James W. Marshall, 1848, and the coming of the forty-niners-Admission of California to statehood, 1850.
CHAPTER II
EARLY EXPLORATIONS AND FIRST SETTLERS
22
EARLY EXPLORATIONS: Colusa County as organized in 1851-Transfer of territory to Tehama County in 1855-County division, and formation of Glenn County, in 1891-Present boundaries of the county-First visited by white men in 1843-General Bidwell's narrative of the trip of these first authenticated explorers of the county-Location of the Larkin's Childrens' Grant by General Bidwell, 1844-Canoe trip through Colusa County by Edward A. Farwell and Thomas Fallon- Visit of a party of trappers under Jack Myers-Manufacture of grind- stones on Grindstone Creek, in 1845, by Lassen, Moon, and Merritt- Exploration of the valley by Dr. Robert Semple, in 1847. THE FIRST SETTLERS: John S. Williams, sent from Monterey by Thomas O. Larkin, in 1847, to settle on the Larkin grant-Williams succeeded by Charles B. Sterling in 1848-William B. Ide settles on the east side of the river -Watt Anderson locates at the present site of Sycamore-These three settlements the only ones within the present boundaries of Colusa County when the first of the forty-niners came.
CHAPTER III
GEOGRAPHY, AND FLORA AND FAUNA
28
GEOGRAPHY: Topography of the Sacramento Valley roughly illustrated -General slope of the land-The Trough-Natural drainage features- General description of the surface-The "plains"-Distances and loca-
20:17
CONTENTS-HISTORICAL
tion. VEGETATION: Marked effect of seasonal changes on the appear- ance of the country in the early days-Luxuriance of the vegetation in the spring or early summer-Timber lands along the river-The "tule lands"-Vegetation of the foothill country-Timber lands along the western boundary-The profusion of wild flowers-The alkali lands and "goose lands." THE WILD ANIMALS OF THE COUNTY: Colusa County abundantly stocked with wild animals when the white man came- These quickly exterminated by the early settlers-Tragic fate of the vast herds of antelope and elk-The passing of the grizzly-The black bear-The mountain lion-The short-tailed wildcat-The crafty coyote -Raccoons, foxes, and skunks-Will S. Green, on the destruction of the elk and the antelope-The kindlier fate of the deer-The rabbit: Cottontails and jack-rabbits-The rodents: Rats and mice, ground- squirrels and gophers-The wild goose; numbers and depredations- The wild duck: Canvasback, mallard, sprig, teal, widgeon; numbers and depredations-The quail-The dove-Other birds: The swan, crane, mud hen, turkey buzzard, blackbird, meadow lark, hawks, owls, linnets, sparrows, woodpeckers, robin, blue jay, magpie, and chaparral cock-Yellow jackets and mosquitoes in the early days.
CHAPTER IV
THE INDIANS
Attitude of the early settlers toward the Indians characterized by in- justice and cruelty-Bidwell's estimate of the number of Indians in the county-Green's estimate of the number of Colus Indians-Effect of the epidemic of 1832 or 1833-The Indian villages Origin of the name Colus-The chief village of the Colus Indians-No Indian villages on the plains-The foothill Indians the nearest neighbors on the west to the river Indians-The chief tribe of the foothill Indians located along Cortina Creek-Numerous settlements along Bear Creek, Stony Creek, and other streams-Migration of the foothill Indians in the dry season of 1844-Forage treaties of the Indians-The mountain tribes- Appearance of the Colusa Indians Their dress-Their love of orna- ments-Their customs in this respect somewhat different from those of the Indians of the East-Not essentially a warlike people-Develop- ment of their constructive faculty limited by climatic conditions-The villages intended for shelter during the wet season-Construction of their houses and sweat-houses-Manner of sleeping-Food of the In- dian-Fish the great food staple, particularly of the river Indians- Manner of catching and drying salmon-The acorn; manner of gath- ering and storing, and method of preparation-Failure of the acorn crop a serious matter-Other articles of diet-Gathering of the oat crop-Manner of cooking grasshoppers and grubs Capture of a large game animal an occasion for intemperate feasting-Inveterate improvi- dence of the Indian-Each fribe governed by a chief-Power of the chief-Wise and just government of the Colus Indians under Chief Sioc-Personality and character of Sioc-Organization of the Indian community-Marital relations-Religious beliefs but feebly developed -Various superstitious customs-Sickness; its cause and cure-The sweat-cure and its results-Funeral rites and burial customs-Other structures and articles constructed by the Indians, and their uses- Method employed in killing a deer-Capture of game birds-Evidence of the Indians' friendly attitude towards the whites-Attitude of the whites towards the Indians-Death of Chief Sioc-Factors that accel- erated the rapid decline of the race-Uprisings and reprisals-Captain Hukely, successor of Sioc-The government takes a hand-Text of a treaty with the Colusa Indians, drawn up and signed in 1851, and transmitted to the United States Senate for ratification-The treaty pigeon-holed through political intrigue until 1905-Patient watching and waiting of the fast-dwindling tribes for the fulfillment of their deferred hope-Government provision for the Indians in 1907-Aid also extended by private subscription-Indian school founded through county appropriafion-Present population and condition of the ranch- eria north of Colusa-The other Indians of the county.
37
49
CONTENTS-HISTORICAL
CHAPTER V
THE EARLY SETTLERS
But three settlements within the present boundaries of Colusa County when the first forty-niners came-John S. Williams-William B. Ide- Watt Anderson-Charles B. Sterling-Sterling's cache-The gold rush, and its effect on the settlement of the county-1850: Admission of California to statehood, and authorization by the legislature for the organization of Colusa County-Robert Semple's trip up the Sacra- mento Valley, and his choice of a location for Col. Charles D. Semple at "Salmon Bend"-By mistake, Colonel Semple establishes his camp at Powell Slough-Trip of the Colusa-Colonel Semple relocates his town-Semple & Green's store building-Heeps and Hale's hotel- Sheppard- Semple & Green add hotel accommodations to their store building-The hotel department leased-The first white woman to live in Colusa-William Vincent and family-The first child born in Colusa-Population of Colusa in 1851-Settlement of lands along the river by cattle men and farmers in 1850 and 1851-Establishment of "hotels"- Competition between boatmen and teamsters, and between the two routes of passenger travel to the northern mines-Colusa be- comes a shipping center and center for stage lines-Line of settlements established along the river, by 1851, from the northern boundary of the county to Wilkins' Slough-Hiram Willits, and the Seventeen-Mile House-J. M. Arnett, and the Sixteen-Mile House-J. P. J. Helphenstine -Sterling's Ranch-Thomas Parton, and the Eleven-Mile House- Charles Brooks and Ben Payne-L. H. Helphenstine, and the Ten-Mile House-Henry Russell Helphenstine-S. H. Cooper, and the Nine-Mile House-Robert Payne and James Hill, and the Seven-Mile House- Obed DeLong, and the Five-Mile House-Mysterious disappearance of Robert N. Parkhill-Farmers and stockmen located in the immediate vicinity of Colusa about 1851: J. T. Marr, White Brothers, Abbe Brothers, James Keefer, John Rogers, and Marion Tate-O. C. Berkey, George Carhart, and Silas Howard-The Gibson brothers-Jack Long -John Fitch and Joe Farnsworth-The Grimes brothers-E. R. Gra- ham and Richard Welsh-Colusa County's first plow-The Graham family-J. C. Johnson, and the Ohio House-The east side of the river, the plains, and the foothills practically uninhabited in 1851- Similar settlements along the river in what is now Glenn County, but none on the plains-U. P. Monroe-Rivalry of Colusa and Monroeville -Settlement of the county rapid after 1851-Active settlement of the east side of the river begins in 1852-Henry Ahlf-Nick Laux-J. W. Jones-W. F. Goad-Frank Steele-Col. L. F. Moulton-Joseph Mc- Connell, Clinton and Joseph McVay, Thomas Williams, and Jefferson Tate-The foothills settled next after the river district-Stock ranches located in Spring Valley in 1852 and 1853-John Sites and others settle in Antelope Valley-Mrs. Spear-Settlement of Bear Valley, as de- scribed by Godfrey C. Ingrim in 1877- Settlement of the Stonyford section-Lands about Williams, Arbuckle, and College City settled earlier than those about Maxwell and Delevan-Southern part of the plains settled earlier than the northern-E. B. McDow and W. S. Green on settlement of the plains-Semple and Green's ranch on Freshwater Creek, 1853-Joseph S. Gibson, 1854-W. H. Williams-Andrew Pierce -Julius and Gustav Weyand-J. W. Brim-William Kaerth- Joseph P. Sherer-J. C. Stovall, 1858-Conditions within Colusa County at the beginning of the Civil War.
CHAPTER VI
ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY
Distribution of population, 1851-Rivalry of Colusa and Monroeville- Origin of the name "Colusa"-Boundaries of the county defined by state legislature-Name of county "Colusi" until 1854-Monroeville's peti- tion-Election of January 10, 1851-County government established at Monroeville-Establishment of the seat of justice at Colusa-Monroe- ville again petitions-Election of July 11, 1851-Colusa secures the county seat, 1853-Contract let for new courthouse-Text of Judge Ide's report to the state treasurer, 1851-William B. Ide's unique place in
59
CONTENTS-HISTORICAL
the early government of the county-The first county "jail"-Location of the old courthouse-The old court of sessions-Influence of U. P. Monroe in the early government of the county-Growth of the popula- tion-Bill introduced in state Senate, in 1852, providing for county division.
CHAPTER VII
COLUSA COUNTY POLITICALLY
68
Political conditions in the county at the time of its organization, and after the removal of the county seat to Colusa-The slavery question- The presidential election of 1864-Colusa the "banner Democratic county of the state"-The waning of partisanship with the passage of non-partisan laws-Southern sympathizers' plan to celebrate Presi- dent Lincoln's assassination-The plan frustrated by John H. Liening in true Western style-Arrest and imprisonment of the leaders-In- dictment of Captain Starr,. Mr. Liening, and others-The cases dis- missed-"Camp Pap Rice" and John Miller Post-Colusa County, as at first laid out-The two centers of population-Territory transferred to Tehama County in 1855-Attempt to transfer territory from Colusa County to Lake County, 1864-Attempt to transfer territory to Butte County, 1866-Railroad completed to Willows, 1878-Willows begins agitation for county division-Public meeting in Orland, 1882-Bill introduced in 1887, providing for county division-County division in the campaign of 1888-Bill for county division passes both houses in 1889, but is vetoed by the Governor- The election of 1890-Arrests for ballot-box stuffing-The cases dismissed-The election of May 5, 1891 -County division wins-Glenn County named after Dr. H. J. Glenn- The town of Princeton and Senator John Boggs' ranch transferred from Glenn County to Colusa County in 1893-Status of the liquor question in the county-Effect of the Progressive movement on the Republican party in the county-The Grange movement-People's Independent party, 1873-The Constitution party, 1879-Dr. H. J. Glenn Democratic nominee for Governor, 1879-Rise and growth of anti-Chinese senti- ment, 1880-1890-Delegates appointed to the anti-Chinese convention in Sacramento, 1888-Passage by Congress of Chinese exclusion bill- Present relations of the two races- Some exceptions to Democratic success at the polls-The liquor question as a political issue-The county at first on a "wide-open" basis-The saloon long a power in politics-The Good Templars organize opposition to the saloons-J. D. McNary, Peter Earp, and Stewart Harris-First Good Templars lodge in Colusa, 1868; Col. J. F. Wilkins and O. S. Mason among its officers- Results of election called by temperance people, 1874-Organization of the Union Temperance Sunday School under J. D. McNary, Judge E. A. Bridgeford, and Charles B. Whiting, 1892-County license ordinance providing for precinct option introduced before the board of super- visors, December 10, 1908-Result of the vote hy precincts, November 8, 1910-Passage of the Wylie local option law, 1911-All the districts outside the incorporated town of Colusa go dry, November 5, 1912- Results of recent votes.
CHAPTER VIII
TRANSPORTATION
Importance of transportation facilities- Colusa County long content to be a "cow county"-Improvements in transportation during the last decade-Improvements to come. STEAMER TRANSPORTATION: Condi- tions favorable to making Colusa a steamboat terminal and distributing point-Obstacles that had to be overcome-Five boats go to Colusa or higher in 1850-The Martha Jane, 1851-The Benicia, 1851-The Orient establishes regular steamboat service to Colusa-Growth of steamboat- ing on the Sacramento, San Joaquin, and Feather Rivers-Combination of boat owners-Effect of the railroads on the steamboat traffic-The steamboat company sells out to the railroad company, 1876-Organiza- of the Sacramento Wood Company, 1860-This becomes the Sacra- mento Transportation Company and absorbs the railroad company's steamboat business north of Sacramento-Organization of the Farmers'
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CONTENTS-HISTORICAL
Transportation Company, 1901-The Valletta-Service of the Sacra- mento Transportation Company and the Farmers' Transportation Company between Colusa and San Francisco and Sacramento-Agree- ment between the two companies, 1917-Effect of the railroads on the passenger traffic of the boats-The California-Pacific Railroad's line of boats, 1873-1876-Freight rates in the days of the Orient-Present freight rates by boat. RAILROADS: The "Colusa, Marysville and Ne- vada Railroad" projected, but never built-The Northern Railway en- ters the county, May 15, 1876-Celebrations at Arbuckle and Williams -The road continued to Willows in 1878-Colusa loses the main line -Colusa authorized to issue bonds for a connecting line, 1876-Circu- lation of subscription papers-Officers elected, and articles of incorpora- tion of the Colusa Railroad Company filed-Determination of the loca- tion-First passenger train between Colusa and Colusa Junction, April 30, 1886-Company name changed to Colusa & Lake Railroad Company -Road extended to Sites, September 29, 1886-First locomotive arrives by barge in Colusa, November 30, 1885-George Ogden the first en- gineer-E. A. Harrington the first superintendent, succeeded by M. E. Burrows-The road operated for over twenty-nine years-The fare between Colusa and the Junction-Development of interurban electric roads-Agents of the Northern Electric secure land in Colusa for ter- minal purposes, 1906-Progress of the road-Officials of the road secure franchise on Market Street-The "Shasta Southern," and its activities in Colusa and Princeton-Activities of Southern Pacific rep- resentatives-The Northern Electric surveyors begin running lines in town for their road, December 31, 1906-The Shasta Southern's opera- tions discontinued-The Northern Electric applies to the trustees of Colusa for an exclusive franchise along the river front-Verses by Mrs. R. M. Liening-Water-front franchise granted, but not exclusive- Terms of the first franchise-Delays-Offer made by the railroad people in 1911-Bonds placed with the people of the county-Articles of incorporation filed, Nov. 14, 1911-Contract signed for erection of the Meridian bridge-Contracts placed for grading the road-Progress of the work-First car to cross the bridge, and first train to arrive in Colusa-First outbound and first inbound freight-The carnival, June 13 and 14, 1913-First passenger train into Colusa-Regular passenger service established, June 16, 1913-The flood of February 3, 1915- Traffic resumed, October 15, 1915-Other roads projected-Cooperation of the Sacramento Valley Sugar Company with the Colusa & Hamilton, projected by the Southern Pacific-The proposed route announced- Progress of construction-Delay in ballasting-The road's first passen- ger train into Colusa-Freight service to Princeton established, Sep- tember 1, 1914-Damage by the flood of February, 1915-Freight service resumed and improved-Freight rates-The West Side Electric -The meeting at Willows, March 27, 1911-Work of the committee, and progress of construction-Work suspended on account of financial difficulties-Proposed route-Railroad between Colusa and Chico advo- cated by W. S. Green-Surveys for the road made by Green and Moul- ton in 1875-Fruitless efforts made to interest the electric power line in 1900. HIGHWAYS: The first "highway"-Roads laid out along section lines-Character of the early roads-Bond issue of 1868, for roads and bridges-Character of the gravel roads- Experiments with oiled roads and macadamized road-The state issues $18,000,000 worth of bonds for concrete highways-County bond issue defeated-Efforts to bring the state highway up the river and through Princeton-State aid dependent on the raising of one per cent. interest-Mass meetings at Williams and Colusa-$452,000 bond issue carried, March 17, 1914- Purposes of the bond issue-Construction begins-The lateral from Williams to Colusa completed, 1916-Main line completed through the county from north to south-Plans for extension of the system- Wooden bridges replaced by concrete structures, 1914-1916. STAGE LINES: Early mail and passenger service by stage-Baxter & Company and a Mr. Johnson operate rival lines between Colusa and Shasta- Most of the travel diverted from the Marysville to the Colusa route- Tri-weekly service between Colusa and Princeton, 1869-Opposition stage line between Colusa and Marysville-Reduction of fares-Organ- ization of the Bartlett Springs & Bear Valley Toll Road Company,
CONTENTS-HISTORICAL
and opening of the stage line between Colusa and Bartlett and Allen Springs, 1873-Increase of passenger traffic over the route-Stage lines established between Colusa and Chico and Colusa and Wilbur Springs, 1874-Nine stage lines out of Colusa in 1874-Line opened between Leesville and Fouts Springs, 1876-Tri-weekly service between Colusa and Willows, via Princeton, 1877- Effect of the coming of the railroads on the stage lines-Horse stages displaced by auto stages-Lines still in service. THE AUTOMOBILE IN COLUSA COUNTY: The first velocipede- The first steam "traction wagon"-Dr. W. T. Rathbun's steam Loco- mobile proves to be the chief feature of the county fair at Colusa in 1898-M. C. Dillman brings in the first gasoline car-Other early cars -Trip of Will S. Green's Locomobile from Sacramento to Colusa, 1900 -Rapid increase in the number of automobiles in the county-The Ford in Colusa County-Introduction of the auto hearse-Auto trucks and tractors fast supplanting horse power. THE AEROPLANE: Various flights planned-Flight at the Odd Fellows' picnic at Grimes, 1917.
CHAPTER IX
IRRIGATION AND RECLAMATION
92
RECLAMATION : District 67: Formed in 1867. Construction of the levee across the south end of Mormon Basin-District reorganized as District 479-Present trustees. District 108: Formed in 1870-Terri- tory embraced-The district divided, and District 729 formed, 1902- The district as reorganized in 1911-First trustees-The river levee- Reorganization and construction work under Jesse Poundstone and Charles de St. Maurice-The back levee-The pumping plants-Cost of the improvements-Present trustees. District 124: Formed in 1871 -Territory embraced-First trustees-The levee-Later trustees- Lapse of the district. Other Projects: Reclamation work on Col. L. F. Moulton's ranch-J. W. Parks' dam-Crocker Estate Company's levee-Sacramento and San Joaquin Drainage District; scope of the plans, and authorized cost of the project-Sacramento Valley West Side Levee District; scope of the project, and plan of assessment-The Iron Canyon Project. - IRRIGATION: . Will S. Green's advocacy of irrigation- His connection with the Central Irrigation District-Lines run and route established for a canal through Colusa and Yolo Counties, to utilize the waters of the Sacramento River-Failure of the plan-Cor- poration formed and money raised to utilize the waters of Stony Creek-The project defeated hy the owners of riparian rights-Green's advocacy of the district plan as against the plan of appropriators- Passage of the Wright Act, and organization of Central District-Text of Frank Adams' historical account of the district-The meetings of March 26 and April 22, at Maxwell, and the committees appointed- Mistakes made-The Central Canal and Irrigation Company extends the river hranch to Princeton-Decision of the Supreme Court in 1915, and formation of a new district at Princeton-Construction of Central Canal, and installation of pumping plant-Financial straits of the Sac- ramento Valley Irrigation Company, and sale of its lands-Failure of attempts to form irrigation districts at Arhuckle and College City- Formation and operations of the Amos Roberts Ditch Company- Directors of the company-System of the Colusa Irrigation Company -Directors of the company-Irrigation systems on Stony Creek, near Stonyford-Colonel Moulton's pumping plant, and the work of the barge Merritt-Private pumps installed along the river-Operations of the Moulton Irrigated Lands Company and their successors, the Colusa Delta Lands Company, in the irrigation of rice lands-Operations of Mallon & Blevins-The Cheney Slough Irrigation Company's opera- tions-Directors of the company-Establishment of numerous small rice-growing projects-Meeting held at Maxwell, October 15, 1881, in the interest of tests for artesian water-Irrigation from artesian wells on the Melone ranch.
CHAPTER X
AGRICULTURE
GRAIN-RAISING IN COLUSA COUNTY: Wheat and harley long the chief agricultural products of the county-Colusa County once the greatest
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CONTENTS-HISTORICAL
wheat-raising and barley-raising county in the world. WHEAT: Two per cent. of nation's crop in 1880 produced in what was then Colusa County-Dr. H. J. Glenn's wheat ranch the greatest in the world- Production on the Glenn ranch in 1876-Present extensive operations in grain-raising-The beginning of grain-raising in the county-Effect of the dry years on the industry-Growth of the industry after the rains of 1864-Wheat becomes the leading crop-Increase of production from 1864 to 1884-10,000,000 bushels of wheat in 1889. BARLEY: De- cline of wheat-raising and growth of harley-raising-Barley the more profitable crop in Colusa County-Effect of seasons on yield of plains lands and tule lands-Varying yield-Crops and prices in 1917-Inroads of other crops on the barley acreage. RICE: Rise and growth of the rice industry-Early experiments by Colonel Moulton-Government experiments at Chico-Operations of W. K. Brown on the lands of the Moulton ranch-Production of rice on the Moulton ranch in 1914- Operations of Mallon & Blevins-Rice acreage of the county in 1915- Increase in land values-Introduction of the early-maturing Italian rice-Production of rice in 1915 by the Moulton Irrigated Lands Com- pany and the California Rice Company-Operations of Mallon & Blevins from 1915 to date-The Cheney Slough Irrigation Company- Directors of the company-Growth of the industry at Maxwell-Rice acreage in the county in 1917-Demand for rice lands. ALFALFA: In- troduction and growth of alfalfa culture-Production on irrigated lands, and on unirrigated lands-Crop returns-Importance of the alfalfa crop. CORN: Four kinds grown-Sorghum first grown in the fifties-Indian corn grown to some extent along the river-Egyptian corn grown on the overflow lands; a summer crop-Broom corn grown on the overflow lands; present prices and profits; operations of George F. Mckenzie in 1914, and subsequent growth of the hroom corn industry. BEANS: At first grown for home consumption-The bean lands- Yield per acre-Center of the bean industry of the county-Increased demand for hean lands-Varieties grown, and prices. BEETS: Efforts to introduce the sugar beet-John Boggs-Sugar factory offered by the Spreckels Sugar Company in 1896-Project for a factory in 1905- Project formed in 1911 for the building of the Colusa and Hamilton Railroad-The required acreage subscribed-The road not finished- Crops grown by the sugar company-Present prospects for the growth of the industry. OTHER CROPS: Potatoes grown in limited quantities- Cotton: W. S. Green's attempt to introduce cotton-growing; experi- ments by Andrew Rutland and J. W. Bowden-Sweet potatoes and pea- nuts grown on the sandy lands along the river-Grandelia robusta, or rosin weed, gathered from the lowlands along the Trough; prices and shipments.
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