USA > California > Los Angeles County > An historical sketch of Los Angeles county, California. From the Spanish occupancy, by the founding of the mission San Gabriel Archangel, September 8, 1771, to July 4, 1876 > Part 7
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eation having been first forwarded to the Governor. Another cell held a third person condemned for a later day; him the infuriated crowd did not molest. He was finally allowed & new trial by the Supreme Court, and at Santa Barbara acquitted.
Thomas Foster succeeded in May of this year. June 19th he signed the first well matured ordinance for establishing and regulating Common Schools. The first Public School houses were erected; and measures now were seri- ously fomented to increase the supply of water for agricultural and industri- al pursuits in the South-western portion of the city. He died on his way to San Francisco, Jan. 28th, 1862. He was a native of Kentucky. Re-elected in 1856, Stephen C. Foster, after four months, resigned in order to attend to his executorship of the large estate of Col. Isaac Williams; the balance of his term being filled by J. G. Nichols, whose subsequent administration has been al- ready referred to. Marchessault added the finishing touch to the Market House-present Court House-Sept. 30th, 1859. Through his subsequent terms he encouraged plans for a better supply of drinking water by the Sanse- vaine contract and improvement of the city dam; and also promoted Com- mon Schools. He was born at Montreal, Canada; died January 20th, 1868, aged forty-seven years. Henry Mellus died, forty-five years of age, Decem- ber 27th, 1860-his official career an image of his own personal suavity and honor. Mascarel signed the ordinance against carrying concealed weapons, and a grant of lands to the Pioneer Oil company. Aguilar approved the am- ple grant to the Canal and Reservoir company and opening of the Woolen Mill ditch, improvements of streets, Wilmington railroad, a new ordinance for obtaining title to city lands. Turner confirmed the old Mexican pueblo concession of Don Antonio Ignacio Abila; created the city Board of Educa- tion April 24th, 1869 ; provided for Commercial street extension to Alameda, July 29th ; the three wards, and settlement of controversies with the Canal and Reservoir company. Toberman reduced the debt $30,000 and left near that amount in the Treasury ; brought down taxes from $1.60 to $1.00 upon each hundred dollars of valuation. Since the charter of 1874, city legislation has been fruitful of measures which we leave, together with many of prior date omitted above, to take up the thread of travel through labrynths of the remoter past.
The discovery of "The Mines " in the year 1848, carried away many of the native population ; created a new demand for the horses and cattle which the rancheros could so amply supply; brought a multitude of cmigrants from Sonora, as well as from the United States; left the people at home here in a state of perpetual exaltation and excitement. During the summer of 1849 and winter and spring of 1850, Los Angeles was a thoroughfare of trav- cl. Few could be induced to stop long. Every head was turned toward El Dorado. Through the summer of 1850 thirty Americans could be count- ed, and most of these without families. With or without means the in-com- crs had crowded forward; seldom destitute, for their necessities when known had met a generous response from the bounty of the 'Lugo family' at San Bernardino, a Williams at Chino, a Rowland and a Workman at La Puente. Nor only from these-Native Californian liberality everywhere opened its full hand to the way worn-stranger.
With the people of Los Angeles 1850 was a year of enjoyment, rather than of earnest pursuit of riches. Money was abundant. All sought to make the most of the pleasures of life, as it seemedl.
They were passionately fond of the turf. They might justly boast of their horses, which had sometimes drawn applause at the capital of Mexico. Now and for many successive years they gave full play to this passion. August 16th, 1851, Don Pio Pico and compadre Teodosio Yorba gave their printed challenge " to the North " with bold defiance-" the glove is thrown down, let him who will take it up "-for a nine mile race, or four and a half and repeat, the stake 1,000 head of cattle worth $20 per head, and $2,000 in money; with a codicil, as it were, for two other races, one of two leagues out and back, the other of 500 varas-$2,000 and 200 head of full grown cattle bet on each race. March 21st following the nine mile heat was run two miles south of the city, between the Sydney mare, Black Swan, backed by Don Jose Sepulveda, and the California horse, Sarco, staked by Don Pio
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Pico and Don Teodosio, the challengers. The mare won by 75 yards in 19 minutes and 20 seconds. Sarco the previous spring had run 9 Mexican miles in 18 minutes, 46 seconds. Not less than $50,000 must have changed hands. More deserves to be said of what the Californians tell of this exciting race. April 2nd the American mare, Nubbins, beat the American horse, Bear Meat, on the Wolfskill track by ten feet-distance 400 yards-for 400 cows. The year before Don Jose Sepulveda's California horse beat Don Pio's American horse half a length, for $2,000 in money and 500 head of cattle. Probably the carera is still talked of, of November 20th, 1851, at Santa Barbara, when Francisco Noriega's horse, Buey de Tango, beat Alfred Robinson's horse, Old Breeches, with a change of $20,000 among hands. In September, 1852, Don Andres Pico and Don Jose Sepulveda had two races, one for $1,000, the other for $1,600 and 300 head of cattle. October 20th was the exciting day of Don Jose's favorite, Canelo, backed by Dou Fernando Sepulveda, and Alisan, a Santa Barbara horse, backed by Don Andres Pico-for 300 head of cattle and $1,600 a side; 400 yards; Canelo came out winner half a length. The New Years Ball at Don Abel Stearns' "where all the beauty and elegance of the city," says the editor in mellifluous Spanish, "contributed that night to give splendor to the dance," was followed on the tenth by two races. The end of Lent and all the grander festivals were partly enjoyed in this way. January 20th, 1853, was to be run the race of Ito, brought seven hun- dred miles, against Fred. Coy, stake $10,000. The natives were cautious and it was forfeited; but in March Moore & Brady's horse John Smith beat Powell's mare Sarah Jane for $2.100, by about a length. April 12, Buck- horne, an American horse, was led through the streets, gaily decked off as a banter; Don Pio Pico offered to back him against any nag in this part of the State; no takers." quoth the Star. Not to be disappointed of sport, on the 19th, they had Don Jose Sepulveda's horse Muchacho against Moore's mule for $550 a side: the horse won! In February 1857, Don Jose Sepul- veda's horse Pinto easily beat Don Pio's Dick Johnson at San Gabriel, for $3000;and March 5th, Don Jose beat the Gonzales brothers at San Fernando for $2,000. Through the later years heavier stakes than any we have men- tioned were lost and won by Don Juan Abila and others, except, perhaps, that of Black Swan and Sarco. Of a very early day some of the races occupy many pages of the archives. One tasked the best ability, as Alcalde, of the venerable Don Manuel Dominguez; one drew out a profound decision of Don Jose Antonio Carrillo, of the Supreme Court. The Governor did not disdain to lay down rules for racing. In his manuscript diary we have the authority of Mr. Francis Mellus, visiting Los Angeles from one of the Boston. ships at San Pedro, for the race of Mose Carson, brother of Kit Carson, on January 20th, 1840. Mose had a heavy bet on two races for that day. The first he won, despite the salt that-for luck-had been put in all the holes of the stakes on the course, and of the little bag of salt and wax candle and silk cotton astutely concealed in the mane of the opposing horse. But it ruined Mose's reputation, and mayhap damaged his purse. He was set down as an Hechicero (sorcerer) by his Sonoranian antagonist and the second race fell throughi.
The first three American families permanently settled in the city, in 1850, were those of J. G. Nichols, J. S. Mallard, and Louis Granger. John Gregg, son of Mr. Nichols, was the first American boy born-April 15th, 1851. Among the novelties of a strange region, emigrants could not fail to notice the vivacity and robustness of the native-born children, and the large pro- portion of persons of an advanced age. April 24th, 1858, died at Santa Ana, Dona Guadalupe Romero, aged 115 years, leaving a son, in the city, upwards of 75 years. She came here in 1771, wife of a soldier named Moreno. Where Downey Block stands, we miss the time worn, little old gentleman who was wont to sit there all day before the humble adobe-cared for by two faithful daughters, after the mother had left the scene. A soldier of by-gone days, to judge from the antique dress which he delighted to wear; in the same he was buried, at the age of 92 years, July 29th, 1859. This was Don Antonio Valdez, who had served at San Diego, San Gabriel, and Santa Barbara, and in many an Indian chase or combat. The men appeared to fine advantage, in showy old style ranchero attire, on their gay and spirited horses. Of the.
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ladies, few words might scarce reflect the true judgment of an estrangero , certes, it was admiration of elegance and naivete and kindness all with good sense and wit so happily blended, by some rare gift of Nature. That vener .. able religious pile on the plaza did not have pews. To see them kneeling in vari-colored silks of that time-and their rebosas-what gorgeous garden imaginable of dahlia and tulip of every hue could charm half so much ? Then a perpetual baile-but 1850 is gone, or fashions have changed, perhaps.
Of the one hundred and three proprietors of town-farms in 1848, before referred to, eight .were foreigners : Abel Stearns, Louis Bouchet, Louis Vignes, Juan Domingo, Miguel N. Pryor, William Wolfskill, Louis Lemoreau, Joseph Snooks-an Englishman, a German, three French, three "Yankees"- so has the city ever been, cosmopolitan. Under the sound policy adopted at the beginning, for the disposition of pueblo lands, the natural course of busi- ness, and family changes, the proprietorship of real property is much altered. Those of Spanish origin, who number 3,000 souls within the city, and about. an equal number outside in the county, retain good agricultural tracts. Within the patent of the city are 17,752 acres. The increase of culture of fruit trees-and ornamental too-is remarkable. In 1847, probably were set out two hundred young walnut trees; only three bearing are remembered- one on the east side of Don Louis Vignes' place, one larger in the middle of the Pryor Vineyard, another, very large, of Claudio Lopez. The almond was unknown. San Fernando and San Gabriel had a few olives. Long before 1840, the Californians had the fig, apricot, peach, pear, and quince. The County Surveyor's Report of January 1st, 1876, gives fruit trees as follows : Quince, 1,435; apricot, 2,600; fig, 3,600; pear, 5,800; apple, 8,590; peaclı, 14,200 ; olive, 2,170; English walnut, 6,000; plum, 300; there are also cherries. In 1856, there were 648 walnut trees. The value of the fruit crop of 1875 was. $525,000. Plums were introduced by O. W. Childs. Seeds of the sweet almond, in 1855, were first planted by William Wolfskill, which were brought from the Mediterranean by H. F. Teschemaker, of San Francisco. Last January this county had 1,100 trees. Compared with the meagre agri- cultural crops from 1847 to 1855, the return for 1875 is : Beaus, 24,400 bushels ; onions, 28,350; buckwheat 1,350; rye, 11,760; wheat, 20,000; barley, 415,950; corn, 639,000; and a respectable showing of hops, tobacco, etc. Hay
amounted to 10,250 tons. The enclosed land was 47,500 acres; total in culti- vation 64,500 acres, of which 4,950 were in grape vines. Add, of honey, 571,230 pounds. O. W. Childs, in 1836, introduced bees. He paid $100, in San Francisco, for one hive and swarm. Afterwards, Sherman & Taylor brought here hives for sale. In 1850, there was one pepper tree, lofty and wide-branching, over the adobe house of an old lady living near the hills a short distance north of the plaza, the seeds of which came from a tree in the Court of the Mission of San Luis Rey. January 31st, 1861, John Temple planted a row in front of his Main street store. This the utilitarian woodman has not spared. But all the city is adorned with this graceful tree; and flowers of every name and clime-to rival an undying fragrance of the solitary Rose of Castile twenty years and more ago.
Of other trees that flourish now splendidly, William Rubottom, of Spadra, introduced pecans; William Wolfskill, persimmon; O. W. Childs, in 1856, black walnut-the seed from New York. About the same time H. P. Dorsey planted black walnut successfully at San Gabriel. In 1855, Solomon Lazard imported seeds of the Italian chestnut from Bourdeaux, France, which Wm. Woolfskill planted at his homestead, and afterward gave two of the trees to Heman C. Cardwell. These trees, now large and productive, may be seen at O. W. Childs' place. J. L. Sansevaine also brought chestnut seeds from. France, about 1855.
As in older times, every full moon in 1850 the country was invaded by the Yutahs, under their famous chief, Walker, to steal horse stock. Expedi -. tions sent after him were in general unsuccessful, now and then unfortunate; as happened in June, when he took off seventy odd of the best horses of Don Jose Maria Lugo, near the present Colton. One of the pursuing party was killed by him. Before that the New Mexicans of Agua Mansa had been a barrier to the incursions of these Indians, without always preventing them. In this year a volunteer company was raised by Gen. Bean, owing to hostile
LOS ANGELES COUNTY
demonstrations by the Cahuillas of San Gorgonio. About June the "Irving party" of eleven inen were killed by the Indians in the canada of Dona Ma- ria Armenta. One only of the original twelve escaped, in the friendly shel- ter of some bushes. Juan Antonio, chief, had the boldness to offer fight to Bean. The rising of 'Antonio Garra, chief of Agua Caliente, in the fall of 1851, spread fear through Los Angeles of a general insurrection, from San Diego to Tulare. The danger soon passed away. The regulars and San Die- go volunteers were under Captain George Fitzgerald. Gen. J. H. Bean commanded the Los Angeles volunters; Myron Norton, Colonel and Chief of Staff; S. Bolivar Cox and B. S. Eaton, Corporals. Hon. II. C. Rolfe, Wm. Nordholdt-and many whoare dead-were in service on the occasion. Esti- mable for many virtues, Gen. Bean met an untimely end, at San Gabriel, Sept. 9th, 1852. Our exposed position for a long time thereafter, in the Kern river and Mojave wars, and other troubles, kept amongst us officers of the U. S. army ; and not seldom in active service. They possessed the regard of the people-Col. B. Beall, Majors Edward H. Fitzgerald and George R. Blake, Captains Davidson and Lovell, ** * General Winfield Scott Hancock,
* * . Lively recollections there are of the splendid band of the 2d Dragoons, Fort Tejon, that made more joyous the "Fourth of July, 1855," with General Banning as orator of the day ; again, when Hon. Myron Norton, in 1857, stirred up patriotic feelings. The day had been kept from the begin- ning. Maj. Edward H. Fitzgerald lies in the Catholic Cemetery, Los Ange- Ies. Ile died January 9th, 1860, of consumption.
A quarter of a century, whereof reminiscences come involuntarily, is wor. thy of review. A record of crime must have attended this progress in man- ners and government. For one reason or another the people felt compelled often to "take the law into their own hands." Those moral tempests which agitated the community to its depths, slumber, we trust, to rise no more, in this better social condition.
For physicians, 1850 had Wm. B. Osborne, A. P. Hodges, W. W. Jones. A. W. Hope and Overstreet; in 1851, John Brinckerhoff, Thomas Foster and James P. McFarland; 1852, James B. Winston, and others. Dr. John S. Griffin returned to reside here in August, 1854. Dr. Richard S. Den was a physician esteemed highly, prior to 1843. Dr. Osborne was a native of New York,came to California in 1847, in Col. Stevenson's regiment. Heput up the first drug store in 1850, which was followed by that of McFarland and Down- ey in 1851. Our first daguerreotypes were taken by him and Moses Searles, August 9th, 1851. He often acted as Deputy Sheriff-impossible to recount his various functions ; a most useful man anywhere-friendly among his neighbors, of intelligence and public spirit. He was the projector of the famed artesian well near the hills on the west side of the city. It reached the depth of 780 feet, June 7th, 1856, but was abandoned by the company for want of funds. In 1852, fruit grafts had been introduced from New York by J. G. Nichols. In 1855 Dr. O. imported from Rochester a grand collection of roses and other choice shrubbery, as well as fruit trees. He was the first, too, in October, 1854, to ship fresh Los Angeles grapes, which were exhibi- ted with admiration at a meeting of the business committee of the New York Agricultural Society at Albany. As late as November 17th, 1856, when Mat- thew Keller sent a like specimen, it was almost doubted at the U. S. Patent Office-"if such products are common in California." The third drug store war that of A. W. Hope, September, 1854; the fourth of Dr. Henry R. Myles, in 1860; then Winston & Welch-Dr. James C. Welch; then Dr. Theodore Wollweber, 1863. The first dentist was J. W. Gaylord. Dr. J. C. Welch died August 1st, 1869; he was a native of South Carolina. . Dr. Hope was born in Virginia; died in the year 1855.
Let us make a diary of a year or two: 1851, May 24th, came news of the Stockton fire, on the 14th ; loss over a million dollars. June 11th, Col. J. C. Fremont's visit created an agreeable sensation ; 17th, died, Miss Rosa Coro. nel; 19th, feast of Corpus Christi was celebrated with great pomp; July 4th passed off with great enthusiasm; July 6th, Elder Parley P. Pratt held forth at the Court House; 19th, witnessed a performance of "The Rough and Ready Theatre," Herr Ritter, Manager, and the critic observes-"When Richmond was conquered and laid off for dead, (the spectators) gave the King a smile of
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decided approval." August 23d, Hon. Wm. M Gwinn, U. S. Senator was so- journing amongst us. September 1st, city lots sold at auction at from $20 to $31 each, purchaser to have choice. September 2d, died, Dona Maria Igna- cia Amador, aged 91 years ; 7th, Dona Felipa Dominguez, wife of Don Ber- nardo Yorba; 17th, Matilda Lanfranco, at 14; and 21st, at 88, Dona Ysabel Guirado. Oct. 5th, David W. Alexander started for Europe. Nov. 1st, Nic- olas Blair, a Hungarian, married Miss Maria Jesus Bouchet. Nov. Sth was the first meeting of the Free and Accepted Masons at the Botica. The same day was published the marriage of Win. J. Graves to Miss Soledad Pico at San Luis Obispo, on October 20tli.
Nov. 20th, at the Puente, aged 40 years. died Dona Incarnacion Martinez, wife of John Roland. Of her it is said truly, "Many will remember with what zeal she ministered to the weary trav- eler, with what care and anxiety she watched the sick bed-feeding the hungry and befriending the friendless. Her whole life was an exemplifica- tion of that enthusiasm in doing good which so particularly characterizes the christian woman." Dec. 14th were married Don Ignacio del Valle and Miss Ysabel Barrela. Dec. 22d, "Forefathers' Day," rejoiced thirty gentlemen by the presence of ladies and a supper at Monrow's with toasts, songs and speeches. Dec. 27th, 1851, Antonio Garra was executed at Chino by sen- tence of court martial, for insurrection November 23d, at Warner's rancho, and murder of American invalids Ridgley, Manning, Slack and Fiddler. Some of the property holders of this year were as follows, with the assessed value of personalty : Eulogio de Celis, 100,000 acres, $13,000; Jose Sepulve- de, 102,000 acres, $83,000; John Temple, 20,000 acres, $79,000; Bernardo Yor- ba, 37,000 acres, $37,000; Antonio Maria Lugo, 29,000, $72,000; John Foster, 61,000 acres, $13,000; Abel Stearns, 14,000 acres, $99,000; Pio Pico, 22,000 acres, $21,000; John Roland, 29,000 acres, $70,000; Wm. Wolfskill, 1,100 acres, $10,000; Antonio Ignacio Abila, 19,000 acres, $14,000; Isaac Williams. $35,000; Ricardo Vejar, $34,000.
Through 1851 and a good while afterward the division of the State was a serious question. A common interest of money was five per cent. per month, often ten per cent .; a rate that commenced in 1848-'49, with the loans of John Temple to the hundreds cager to share in the bonanza at any sacrifice.
November 12, 1851, late of a bright moonlight evening, standing alone at the door of his office, Main street, (where is the "Oriental,") Benjamin Hayes was shot at by one within three feet on horseback. "The ball," says the Star, " passed through the rim of his hat and lodged in the wall on the the opposite side of the room, perforating in its progress the door, which is fully an inch in thickness. The assassins then instantly galloped off. A party of three, including the Sheriff, James R. Barton, tracked them about ten miles to a house; here they were received by five or six men on horse- back, who charged upon them, fired several shots, and drove them from the ground. The Sheriff deemed it prudent to return to the city." He did so, obtained a posse, went back to the place of encounter, and made a search that proved ineffectual. It has always been believed that this assault was intended for another individual.
Eugene Hesse was the first Civil Engineer, followed in February 1852, by Vitus Wackenreuder, then by Henry Hancock, Adolph F. Waldemar, George Hansen, Frank Lecouvreur, William Moore, 1854, Ebenezer Hadley and W. W. Reynolds.
In 1852, January 7th, died Thomas S. Hereford, and 29th, of consump- tion, James W. Schureman, U. S. A. February 14, arrived Mrs. Emily M. G. Hayes, wife of Benj. Hayes, from Missouri, by way of New Orleans, Havana and Panama, in 43 travelling steamer days from St. Louis; March 6th, Nicolas Blair, tailor, had garden sceds for sale, fresh from Arroyo Seco, " superior to imported ;" and subscription formed for a race course. March 13, death at age of 50 years, of Dr. George East. St. Patrick's Day kept up " till rather a late hour." March 27, marriage of Jose Maria Yndart to Miss Soledad Coronel. April 24, visit from Mr. Bartlett, Boundary Commissioner. July Fourth, English oration by Louis Granger, Spanish by Don Clemente Rojo: with 100 guns, a barbecue and ball at 'Don Abel's.' August 21, Don Antonio F. Coronel was County Superintendent of Common Schools. On
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the same day the first rumor arrived of the death of Henry Clay at Wash- ington, on June 30th (he was born in 1777). Ang. 27th, Land Commission- ers came. At the September election the total vote of the city was 386; total population of the county then, according to the census, probably unreliable .. was, whites, 4,093; Indians, 3,693, foreign, 295; total, 7,831. The vote of the city of Los Angeles, September, 1875, was 2,549. Sept. 23d, grand ball at the dwelling of Don Manuel Garfias, in honor of the Land Commissioners. Sept. 16th, Col. J. Bankhead Magruder, U. S. A., and Andrew B. Gray, late of the U. S. and Mexican Boundary Commission, were in the city. Sept. 26th, death of Nicolas Blair, aged 30 years, an amiable, popular, enterprising man. October 2d, Sea Bird promises to make three trips monthly ; freight on down- ward trip $20 per ton (now $5 per ton). Oct. 31, Rev. James G. Johnson, Cumberland Presbyterian, preached at the Court House-present city hall. November 1st, first political procession (Pierce), under Nordholdt, Lecke, Goller-transparencies and the Padre's little brass cannon-attempting to fire it off, "George the Baker" was badly burned. Nov. 13th, Nordholdt and Goller set up the grand Panoramic Exhibition of Windsor Castle, St. Peter's Church and Vatican, Jung Frau, Berlin, Vienna, Amsterdam. Nor had the "bull-fights" been missing at the "Feast of our Lady." Nov. 27th, first news published of the death of Daniel Webster, which had taken place on Oct.
24th. He was born Jan. 18th, 1782. Dec. 12th, the Spanish troupe played a drama of "The Immortal Poet, Don Jose Zorillo." Besides the Bella Union, the city through the year had boasted minor hotels-in March, The Ameri- can, Harry Munrow; in May, Sportsmen's Hall, H. Malcolm ; September, "Arkansas," at the noted corner. This was the harvest year of Joaquin Muri- retta, who kept the county in terror; however, he did not kill any one. On New Years' day, 1852, the county owed $47,017; and the State, $2,349,483. At the general election for Governor, Sept. 1855, Los Angeles county polled 1,470 votes; in 1875 the vote was 5,175. Peter Biggs was the first barber. As
a slave, he was sold to an officer at Fort Leavenworth. At the close of the war, left on California territory, his freedom was necessarily recognized. He lived here many years thereafter. In the Spring of 1850, probably three or four colored persons were in this city. In 1875 they number about one hun- dred and seventy-five souls; many of whom hold good city property, acquired by their industry. They are farmers, mechanics, or of some one or other use- ful occupation ; and remarkable for good habits. They count some seventy- five voters. Robert Owen, familiarly by Americans called "Uncle Bob," came from Texas in December, 1853, with "Aunt Winnie," his wife, two daughters, and son, Charley Owen. They survive him. He was a shrewd man of business, energetic, and honorable in his dealings; made money by Government contracts and general trade. He died, well esteemed by white and colored, August 18th, 1865, aged 59 years. Of the society of Mexican Veterans are five colored men : George Smith, George Diggs, Lewis G. Green, Paul Rushmore and Peter Byus. The last named was born in Henri- co county, Va., in 1810, and served with Col. Jack Hayes, Gen. Z. Taylor, and Capt. John Long. He was at the battle of Monterey. Rushmore was born 1829, in Georgia ; served on Taylor's line.
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