USA > California > El Dorado County > Historical souvenir of El Dorado County, California : with illustrations and biographical setches of its prominent men & pioneers > Part 25
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Along the shores of Lake Bigler, and far back toward the mountain tops, the timber is being rapidly cleared away, to supply the Virginia mines and the Nevada towns in general. What the annual cut in that region is, we are unable to state. It is run into the lake and towed in rafts by steamers to Glenbrook, whence a narrow-gauge railroad has been built to carry it over the mountains.
It is more than probable, that the demand for forest products, east and west from this county, will sooner or later result in restoring the county to her place on the great thoroughfare from ocean to ocean. The local demand, adding all that can be profitably hauled away with teams, will hardly make an impression on the supply for generations to come.
The business of shake-making is a serious detri- ment to the forests, and especially destructive to the sugar pine, which is principally used for that purpose. Thousands of splendid trees have been cut down and left to rot, because, on trial, the timber was found to rive not exactly to the taste of the fastidious shake-
maker. The quantity thus left to decay annually is greater than that worked into shakes. It is a business which ought to be discouraged on this account, and the government should protect the public lands from such vandalism.
During the time when all the freight from Nevada went over the Carson road, teams, on the return trip, loaded with lumber at the mills along that great thoroughfare, for the valleys below. At the present day little is being done in this direction. Complete the Sacramento Railroad to Placerville, and the E. D. W. & D. G. M. Co. will at once find it to their inter- est to build a V flume from Sportsman's Hall to Placer- cerville. The Main Trunk canal has been constructed with special reference to the transportation of lumber.
R. Noble's mill on Rock creek, supply the local de- mand of the Georgetown divide. J. & J. Blair own three mills-the Elkhorn mill, the Sportsman's Hall mill, and the Cedar Rock mill ; they keep a lumber- yard at Placerville, and this city and the surrounding country are their principal consumers. Blair Bros. have a box factory connected with their mills, where they manufacture a large quantity of boxes for the fruit trade. The Ashland mill of Jones & Chichester, also keep a lumber-yard at Placerville. Joseph Bryant owns two mills, the Diamond mill close to the Main Trunk canal and the Stonebreaker mill, on the old emigrant road at Lake Springs-the latter has not been run- ning for years. Mr. Bryant keeps a lumber-yard at Diamond Springs, but he sends most of his lumber down below. Cutler's mill, on Park creek, is run by water-power. The Baltic mill, owned by Louis Le- petit, in 1877, made the largest and most valuable cut of the season, of 1,800,000 feet ; more than two-thirds of it was clear sugar pine, cut on contract for the El Dorado Door Factory at Pleasant valley. Two saw- mills between Grizzly Flat and Brownsville were owned formerly by Loofbourrow, now by Hoskins, of Grizzly Flat. Tarr Bros. have a large saw-mill on the bank of the Cosumnes river in this county ; their product, however, finds a marked in the neighboring county of Amador ; they have built a railroad to run their saw- logs to the mill. The total product of all the mills in 1877 was about 10,000,000 feet.
The El Dorado Door Factory, the only institution of the kind in the county, is owned by Wilson Bros.,
114
HISTORY OF EL DORADO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA.
of San Francisco. They consumed, in the year 1877, about 1,400,000 feet of sugar pine lumber, which was manufactured into 32,000 doors, 6,000 pairs of blinds, and 22,000 pairs of sashes ; the freight bill to Shingle Springs shows 800 tons in one year. But the factory has not been worked since.
The following shows the complete statistics of El Dorado county, compiled by J. McKnight, of Browns- ville, in October, 1855 :
Lands inclosed, 8,000 acres.
Land in wheat, 450 acres; yield per acre, 26 bushels.
Land in barley, 340 acres ; yield per acre 28 bushels. Land in oats, 387 acres ; yield per acre, 25 bushels.
Land in hay, 1,750 acres; yield per acre 114 tons.
Fruit Trees -- Apple, 1,668; pear, 34; peich, 1, 159; plum, 40 ; cherry, 40 ; figs, 12 ; apricot», 15 ; quince, 25, and grape vines 3,000.
Animals-Horses, 907; mules, 384 ; asses, 65 ; neat cattle, 1,281 ; work-oxen, 690 ; milk-cows, 769 ; calves, 519 ; sheep, 654 ; swine 4,620.
Value of animals slaughtered per annum, about $575,000 ; value of poultry, $5,000.
Canals -Twenty principal canals, 16 of which are supplied with water throughout the year. Total length of main trunks, 475 miles ; lateral branches of trunks, 325 miles. Original cost, $1,395,000.
Saw-mills-Running by steam, 24, by water, 16; market value of lumber, from $20 to 40 per thousand. Quartz-mills-In operation, 7 ; crushing daily 56 tons of rock ; yield per ton from $5. to $75.
Other Industries-One flouring-mill, 5 tanneries, 4 breweries, 3 soda factories 2 brickyards, 8 lime-kilns, and 15 toll bridges.
Telegraphs-The Alta line has a length of wire in El Dorado county amounting to 75 miles.
CENSUS STATISTICS OF 1870.
The census returns of El Dorado county show the following figures as to population, wealth, improve- ments, etc.
The number of families in the county is 3, 263. White males, 5,453 , white females, 3, 121 ; colored males, 1,590 ; colored females, 136. Of this number 1,514 are Chin.se, 22 Japanese, and 89 of African descent-these last three classes are enumerated as colored. Male citizens of the United States of 21 years and upwards, 3, 188. Giving a total population of 10,300, living in 3,758 dwelling houses.
Value of real estate in the county, $1,473,394.
Value of personal property, $1,745.995.
There are 84,507 acres of improved land.
There are 27,923 acres of wood land.
There are 27,076 acres of other unimproved land.
Cash value of farms in the county, $653,465.
Value of farming implements and machinery, $32,- 104.
Amount of wages paid during the year, including board, $94,268.
Farm Stock-Value of live stock. $478,866.
Horses, 2,258 ; mules and asses, 142 ; milk cows, 4, 132 ; work oxen, 212 ; other cattle, 5,385 ; sheep 18,- 137 ; swine, 4, 150.
Producing cereals for the year ending June Ist, 1870 :
Spring wheat
780 bushels.
Winter wheat. 3,117
Rye.
557
Corn
582
Oats 250
Barley
8,330
66
Buckwheat.
30
Peas and beans.
1,251
Potatoes
5,728
Wool.
39,910 pounds.
Butter
224,885
Cheese
23,892
Honey 1,660
Hay
6,227 tons.
Milk sold extra.
601 gallons.
Wine made 108,981
Estimated value of farm products, including betterment and additions to stock.
$507,138
Value of orchard products 61,831
Value of garden products
14,784
Value of forest products
23,607
Value of home manufactures 8,725
Value of slaughtered animals 55,564
There are 59 'mining ditches, total length 966 miles. Quartz-mills 37, and saw-mills, 25.
The census returns of El Dorado county for 1880 give the following figures as to the population of the different townships :
POPULATION OF EL DORADO COUNTY-1880.
TOWNSHIPS.
Whites.
Negroes.
Chinamen.
Indians.
TOTAL.
City of Placerville. .
1,685
21
267
I 1,974
Placerville Township.
856
118
12 986
Coloma and White Oak Townsh's
1,257
36
292
19
1,604
Mud Springs Township. .
1,243
13
217
49
1,522
Dimunond Springs Township .
788
88
27
903
Mountain and Cosumnes Twp's.
683
10
79
65
837
Georgetown and Lake Valley. .
1,052
23
120
1,195
Kelsey, Greenwood and Salmon Falls Townships
1,269
2
322
14
1,626
Total.
8,833
124
1,503
187 10,647
.
These figures show a total gain of 338 since 1870.
6
WINECELLAR.
RESIDENCE OF C.G.CARPENTER · DIAMONDSPRINGS . ELDORADO.CO· CAL·
115
FARMING INDUSTRY AND STATISTICS.
The white population has increased 244, the negro decreased 8; the Chinamen decreased 79, and the In dians increased 181.
Sewing machines, 723
$ 14,610
Sheep, graded, 22,999. 34,500
Shares of capital stocks. 4,125
Solvent credits after deduction of debts. 204,505
Improvements
328,960
City and town lots
100.215
Wines, 69,420 gallons 8,295
Improvements 255,240
Improvements otherwise assessed.
60,845
Mining claims 127,550
Improvements
83,845
Telegraph lines
1,050
Railroads
208,413
Mortgages, trust deeds, etc., on real
estate .
218,990
Mining ditches
169,230
Total value of real estate, mortgages not included
$1,937,233
Total value of personal property 1,067,735
Irrigating ditches
36,220
Total value. $3,004,068
Personal property is classified as follows .
Money on hand or special deposit $87,625
Bee hives, 216 270
Brandies, gallons, 3,547.
4,435
Calves, 2,210.
11,050
Cattle, stock 6,003.
61,230
Colts, 524 .
9,820
Cows, graded, 3,958
75,765
Farming utensils
9,785
Fire-arms, 525
5,035
Fixtures, business places
14,135
Franchises not assessed by State Board of Equalization
200
Furniture
67,090
Goats, common, 10, 156
10,660
Goats, Angora, 1,520
7,905
Goods, wares, etc.
136,530
Grain, 23 tons
595
Harness, robes, etc
9,945
Hay, 61 tons Hogs, 2,730.
13,355
Horses, 706.
52,580
Horses, half breed, 1,638.
51,655
Jacks and jennets, 27
405
Jewelry and plate.
3,070
Libraries
4,125
Lumber, 741 thousand
5,190
Machinery
2,275
Mules, 89
4,010
Musical instruments, pianos, etc .
16,310
Oxen, 123.
4,670
Poultry, 1,134 doz
5,670
Total $1,067,735 This shows an increase of $702,338 over 1878, and of $679,443 over 1879.
The total railroad bonded indebtedness of the county on November 1st, 1880, represents $211,250. Principal $120,000, coupons $91,250.
This embraces the entire bonded indebtedness of the county.
CHAPTER XXIV.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS, ROADS.
The old emigrant road entering the State and County by the way of Carson valley; the old Mormon station was considered to be the first trading post this side of the State line; from here the road crossed the summits of the mountains, then turning around the southern end of Silver Lake, it descended passing be- tween the head waters of the American and Cosumnes rivers, following the divide between these rivers through Sly Park, Pleasant valley, to Diamond Springs, and from there to the low-lands by the way of Mud and Shingle Springs, Clarksville and White Rock Springs into Sacramento county. This old emigrant road, or rather the "emigrant route," traced and recom- mended in all the guide books, and by the foot- prints of annual migrations to the State, for eighteen years, passed through El Dorado county from east to west, her entire length, branching off from Grizzly Flat south to Brownsville, Indian Diggings and Fiddle- town; from Diamond Springs via Placerville to Col- oma, Kelsey's, Spanish Flat, Georgetown, Greenwood, Centreville, Salmon Falls and all points of the north- ern part of the county; from Mud Springs to Logtown, Saratoga and Drytown; from Clarksville to Folsom.
Hunt, a Mormon sent out from Salt Lake in the Spring of 1849, as an advance agent for the Mormons, to explore the Sierra Nevada for a route to be traveled with wagons, started out with fifteen or sixteen men and several wagons and selected the route, which, with slight modifications, was traveled after him by thousands and thousands of immigrants; a very large
ASSESSMENT ROLL OF EL DORADO COUNTY OF 1880. Real estate $565,665
Wagons and other vehicles, 1,220 65,590
Watches, 776. 16,820
Wood, 4,840 cords. 9,290
Other property 33,615
995
116
HISTORY OF EL DORADO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA.
proportion of their number, for the period of eighteen years, first interrupted their westward journey to try their fickle, varying fortunes here within the limits of the Empire county, where the gold was discovered that had caused the immigration to this El Dorado. Hunt, the explorer and pioneer of the road, moved to the southern part of the State, and made his home in San Bernardino county, from whence he was elected to the State Legislature in 1853; but returned to Salt Lake some time later when Brigham Young called all the Mormons home.
Older than this emigrant-road, but of nearly equal importance for the immigration-travel in this county, was the old Coloma road from Sacramento via Folsom, Mormon Island, Green valley, Rose Springs to Union- town and Coloma; one of the most traveled branch roads of this pioneer road forked off at New York ravine, crossing the South fork of the American river at Salmon Falls into the northern part of the county, passing Centreville and running up to Greenwood valley and Georgetown, with connecting roads to all the different river bars and across the Middle fork of the American River to all mining camps in the adjoin- ing part of Placer county,-from Yankee Jim's to Michigan Bluffs and Iowa Hill,- crossing the river at Condemned Bar, Rattlesnake Bar, Murderer's Bar and Spanish Bar. Adding to these some road-lines in the intermediate portion from Coloma to Cen- treville, to Georgetown and to Kelsey, and from Placerville to Georgetown by the way of Kelsey and Johntown or Kelsey, Spanish Flat and American Flat. Now we have the complete net-work of the main ac- commodation lines of highways just as business travel in early days necessitated and directed; most of them yet may be found.
All the roads of the county as early as 1851 or 1852 were divided into twenty-two road districts com- mencing east and running west by following the southern boundary, and returning to the eastern start- ing point.
The following are the twenty-two road districts of the county with their supervisors appointed by the Court of Sessions of El Dorado county at their regu- lar terms of session in March, 1854.
District No. 1. The road from Coloma by Lutz's ranch to Greenwood valley. A. B. Lutz, supervisor.
No. 2. The road from Coloma where it crosses Johntown creek. Giles E. Sill, supervisor.
No. 3. The road from Johntown creek to George- town on the ridge between Empire canyon and Man- hattan creek. Daniel Craig, supervisor.
No. 4. The road from Coloma through Louisville to Spanish Flat. Wm. O. Applebee, supervisor.
No. 5. The road from Spanish Flat to American Flat to Georgetown. W. R. Keithley, supervisor.
No. 6. The road from Georgetown to Greenwood valley. M. A. Merchant, supervisor.
No. 7. The road from Greenwood valley to Knick- erbocker ranch. F. Rothstein, supervisor.
No. 8. The road from Knickerbocker ranch to Salmon Falls. - Manee, supervisor.
No. 9. The road from Uniontown bridge to Oregon Bar. A. J. Bayley, supervisor.
No. 10. The road from Tunnel hill through Coloma to the Junction house. Wm. M. Sly, supervisor.
No. 11. The road from Tunnel hill through Union- town to the Junction house. John A. McDougald.
No. 12. The road from the Junction house to Green Springs ranch. Timothy Chapman, supervisor.
No. 13. The road from Green Springs ranch to the county line. M. Stockman, supervisor.
No. 14. The road from Salmon Falls to the Col- oma road. James Nisbit, supervisor.
No. 15. The road from Weber creek bridge through Diamond Springs to a point one mile east of Mud Springs. Rowland Hill, supervisor.
No. 16. The road from Weber creek bridge through Lower Placerville to Stony Point, also from Placer- ville to where the Gold Hill canal crosses the Coloma road. Wm. Carey, supervisor.
No. 17. The road from Stony Point through Upper Placerville to the Spring Garden house. James Mon- roe, supervisor.
No. 18. The road from Spring Garden house east- wardly to the county line. John C. Johnson, super- visor.
No. 19. The road from the west end of district 15 through Mud Springs to the Kingsville house. G. F. Bowker, supervisor.
No. 20. The road from the Kingsville house to the El Dorado house. - Wakefield, supervisor.
No. 21. The road from the El Dorado house to the county line. Peter Forsee, supervisor.
No. 22. The road from the Bay State house through Gold Hill and Cold Springs, to the west end of dis- trict 16. J. M. Goetschius, supervisor.
For the benefit of those interested, we give below a brief synopsis of the powers and duties of road su- pervisors under the law relating to "public roads and highways." The court of sessions of this county has fixed two days' labor for each person for the year liable to road tax, or to pay to the supervisor three dollars for each day, making six dollars for the year, to be appropriated for road pur poses.
SECTION 3. Provides that all able-bodied men be- tween the ages of 18 and 50, are liable to perform
I17
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. ROADS.
road duty, for the number of days fixed by the court of sessions.
SEC. 9. Provides that any person refusing to ac- cept the appointment of road supervisor, shall be fined in the sum of $20.
SEC. 10. Provides that if the supervisor appointed accepts such appointment, he shall, within fifteen days after being served with the notice of his appointment, return to the clerk of the court of sessions a list of all persons residing in his road district, liable to be taxed for road purposes.
SEC. II. The supervisor shall keep all public roads in his district clear from obstruction and in good re- pair -- causing banks to be graded and bridges made where necessary, and kept in repair ; and to cause posts and guide-boards to be erected, with directions and distances to the most noted places to which said road may lead.
SEC. 12. Provides that when any public road shall be obstructed, or bridge or canseway destroyed or out of repair, the supervisor shall call out as many persons as may be necessary to perform such work; but if such persons have performed the number of days work required of them for the year, and he cannot procure persons that have not performed such labor in the dis- trict, he shall hire as many persons, etc., as may be necessary, provided the cost of the same shall not ex- ceed $50. If the cost exceeds $50, he shall report the same to the court of sessions.
SEC. 13. Provides that the supervisors shall give every person in his district at least three days' notice of the time and place where they are required to work, and of the necessary tools for said work. The su- pervisor may appoint any person liable to work in his district to notify hands to work on the road.
SEC. 15. The supervisor shall prosecute suits in his official capacity, before any justice of the peace, against all persons who shall neglect or refuse to work after being notified; and the supervisor shall be a competent witness in all such suits.
SEC. 16. All fines, etc., incurred under the pro- visions of this act, shall be applied to improving the roads within the limits of the road district wherein such fine and penalties may be incurred.
SEC. 18. Any supervisor who shall fail to perform his duties, shall be liable to and forfeit to the county any sum not less than ten, nor more than two hundred dollars; and he shall pay to the county all moneys he may collect which have not been appropriated to the benefit of his district.
Returning to the old Carson or emigrant road, which just as well might be called the mother road of El Dorado county, we give in the following a directory of the stations on said road from the year 1854.
Reese & Co., old Mormon station, ranch and hotel. F. V. Fain, ranch and trading post half a mile south of old Mormon station.
W. P. Cozart, clock and watchmaker, gold and sil. versmith and bath-honse at the warm and cold springs, two miles south from old Mormon station.
Post & Steward, ranch and trading post, with hotel at the mouth of Johnson's Cut-off road, three miles south of old Mormon station, 75 miles east of Placerville.
W. Cossen, ranch and trading post, four miles south from old Mormon station.
S. Mott & Co., ranch and trading post, good hotel, six miles from the old Mormon station.
Lewis & Co., ranch.
Daniel Woodford, ranch, trading post and hotel six and a half miles from old Mormon station.
Howard & Singleton, two ranches, seven miles from old Mormon station.
C. M. King, ranch, trading post and hotel, eight miles from old Mormon station.
David Barber, ranch, trading post and blacksmith shop, eight and a half miles from old Mormon station.
E. R. Carey & Co., ranch and trading post, twelve miles from old Mormon station.
Wm. Williams, ranch and hotel, twelve and a half miles from old Mormon station.
Lucky Bill's ranch, fourteen miles from old Mormon station.
Lamb & Wade, ranch and trading post, fifteen miles from the old Mormon station.
B. Ward, ranch and trading post, the first place in Carson valley, fifteen and a quarter miles from old Mormon station; fonr miles and three-fourths north of the canyon.
Lant & Co., trading post and meals, 20 miles from old Mormon station.
Big Canyon toll bridge, 20 miles from old Mormon station. Rates of toll : $1 per wagon, 10 cents a head for all cattle, 25 cents for each mule or horse, 5 cents for calves, and 3 cents for sheep ; there are two more bridges in the canyon.
Haynes & Warner, Hope Valley hotel, 27 miles from old Mormon station.
May & Co., ranch and meals, 31 miles from old Mormon station.
Wm. M. Taylor & Co., ranch and meals 32 1/2 miles from old Mormon station.
Wilshear & Co., trading post and meals, 35 miles from old Mormon station.
Gould & Co., trading post in Lake valley, on the right hand side coming over the mountains.
Red Lake house, Red Lake valley, Walgamot & French proprietors, accommodations for all ; 40 miles from old Mormon station.
118
HISTORY OF EL DORADO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA.
Carey & Co., trading post and meals, 50 miles from old Mormon station.
Raymond & Co., trading post and meals, 53 miles from old Mormon station.
Morris & Co., trading post and meals, 57 miles from old Mormon station.
Shipley & Dupont, Tragedy Springs, 59 miles from old Mormon station and one mile from Silver lake.
Hoboken, hotel and trading post, 61 miles from old Mormon station.
P. Peterson, trading post, 62 miles from old Mor- mon station.
Leak Springs, trading post, 66 miles from old Mor- mon station.
Peter Peters, trading post, 68 miles from old Mor- mon station.
Camp creek trading post, H. Bichey & Co., propri- etors, 77 miles from old Mormon station, and 30 miles from Placerville.
Cold Spring ranch, meals, 82 miles from old Mor- mon station.
Hick's ranch, groceries and provisions, 82 miles from old Mormon station and 2 1 miles from Placerville.
Strong's ranch, at the junction of the road, hotel, 15 miles from Placerville.
Blair & Gould, Sportsman's Hall, 11 miles from Placerville.
Illinois House, groceries and meals at all hours.
Elk Horn, hay and barley station, seven miles from Placerville.
Ogden & Wright, Chapparel, three and a half miles from Placerville.
On the Johnson Cut-off road there were :
Bartlett's bridge over the South Fork of the Amer- ican river, hay and grain station, 165/8 miles from Placerville.
B. Yarnel, hay, barley and provisions, 23 miles from Placerville.
B. Brockless, meals at all hours, 30 miles from Placerville.
Peavine ranch, D. Folsom, meals, 32 miles from Placerville.
Howard & Young, Halfway house, hotel accommo- dations, 35 miles from Placerville.
Clark, Gill & Co., Halfway house, best hotel for im- migrants.
Silver creek ranch, Charles Bosworth, store and sa- loon, 37 miles from Placerville.
Slippery Ford, trading post, store, saloon and hotel, 45 miles east of Placerville.
Hiram Denny, trading post, groceries, etc., meals, 5172 miles from Placerville.
Daniel McEnlam, trading post and groceries; 53 miles from Placerville.
Chas. Scofield, trading post, meals and groceries ; 53 miles from Placerville.
E. H. Smith, ranch and trading post, groceries and meals at all hours ; 55 miles from Placerville.
Michael Tagg, trading post, groceries etc., 60 miles from Placerville.
G. M. Dunvall, trading post, groceries etc., 62 miles from Placerville.
John Hurlana, trading post, groceries and meals 64 miles east from Placerville.
To give the reader an idea of the travel over these roads in early days, we may quote from the register of immigration, kept by Mr. J. B. Ellis, the aggregate of wagons and animals that passed over the mountains into California, by the old Carson route, during the summer season of 1854, commencing on the first of July that year, amounted to : 808 wagons, 30,015 head of cattle, 1,903 horses and mules, 8,550 sheep.
The immense proportions to which this immigra- tion was grown, caused others to find another and possibly easier accessible route to compete with those in existence. And a third claimant for a newly ex- plored mountain route across the Sierra Nevada from Carson valley into California and particularly El Dorado, turned up in the person of a Mr. Dritt, by mountain men of that time generally known as 'Old Daddy Dritt.' A petition was presented to the State Legislature in session, in April 1854, for a char- ter for a wagon road to connect the Carson valley with Placerville. This petition was signed by Messrs. Dritt, Murdock & Co. This new route by which the steepest ascent would be avoided and which therefore presented an eligible road for wagons, was designed to commence at the mouth of Big canyon on the old Carson river route, intersecting the Johnson Cutt-off road on the western summit of the mountains and to cross the South Fork of the American river at Bart- lett's bridge. Mr. Dritt was an old experienced moun- taineer, who had crossed the Sierra Nevada frequently, and himself as well as other people had great confi- dence in this route as the easiest pass that could be found.
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