USA > California > Amador County > History of Amador County, California, with illustrations and biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 26
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On General Fund with interest was .. . $157,126 02
On Hospital Fund,
66
. . 38,007 33
On New Certificates not bearing interest 13,756 23-$208,884 58.
CONDITION OF OTHIER COUNTIES.
About this time, general attention was attracted towards some of the older mining counties, which, in former years, had contained much the largest share of the population. At one time, El Dorado county, now numbering less than ten thousand inhabitants, had fifty thousand. Tuolumne, Cala- veras, and some others, also showed a great reduc- tion. In Calaveras, the condition was much worse than in Amador. The population reduced to less than ten thousand; the assessment roll ycarly decreasing; the debt, principal and interest, con- stantly accumulating, so that five per cent. taxes was hardly sufficient to meet current expenses, was a condition calculated to depress and crush out all industrial energy. It was known that stock-men, who grazed their flocks in the mountains of Cala- veras, would hold them in other counties, where the rates of taxation were lower, until the time for assessing was past, before they would drive them to their pasturcs. A tax rate as high as five per cent. was considered as a mortgage for all the prop- erty was worth, Things were looking so serious that the Legislature felt called upon to investigate the matter before the question of State responsibility for county indebtedness, should meet them in the shape of a judgment.
In making these investigations, Amador was con- sidered one of the counties possibly requiring the aid of the State. Happily, it has passed any such probable contingency.
THE MINERS' LEAGUE.
Any history of Amador county which failed to give an account of the Miners' League, would be lamentably deficient. This Society organized as a kind of mutual benefit association. It does not appear that any unlawful measures were at first contemplated; but organization gave the members an idea of strength and influence. Merchants joined the league, for fear of losing the trade of the miners;
politicians, to make a few votes; and the lawless and desperate, to work against law and order in society. In Sutter Creek, it numbered about three hundred members, composed of Irish, Cornishinen, Austrians, and Italians, and had a membership of perhaps as many more in other parts of the county. They built a large hall, costing several thousand dollars. Luke Burns, who had had some experience in simi- lar associations in Virginia City, was President, and L. J. Marks, Secretary.
The immediate cause of the outbreak was the reduction of twenty-five cents a day on the wages of the hands working on the surface, in the Consoli- dated Amador mine. After much discussion a gen- cral strike was agreed upon, also a determination to enforce it everywhere, and not permit the working of the mines unless at the proposed rates. The schedule of wages demanded by the Miners' League made very little advance over the existing rates, but the right to make even a small advance im- plied a right to control the working of the mines, and the mine owners refused to accept the rates. Members of the league to the number of two hun- dred visited the different mines, and ordered the stopping of the work. They carried no arms that were in sight, though according to some reports they supplied themselves with clubs from the wood-piles of the mills. It is now contended by some that no threats or force was used; that the miners went rather as a committee of conference than as a menac- ing party. They would not permit any work to be done, not even allowing an engine to be run to keep the water out. John Eagon, since State Senator, and James Meehan, as well as other prominent men, were members of the league. The former person accompanied the body of miners to the mills, as he asserted, to prevent them from committing any excesses, though others say, that having raised 'a storm he could not control he was swept along in the whirlwind. The mills at Amador, Sutter, and Oneida were all stopped. It is true that some of these mines, like the Keystone, Consolidated, Ama- dor, and others, were paying mines, and could have paid higher wages and dividends also; but other mines like the Oneida had never paid dividends, but had always been worked at a loss. The wages paid varied from two dollars and a half a day for top hands, to four dollars for underground men. There was no plea that the wages were insufficient to sup- port the families, or less than were paid in other laborious occupations, but it was intended to raise them to the Virginia and Gold Hill standard, where the expenses of living were much higher. The daily threats of destruction of life and property showed the existence of so much ill-feeling that the Governor was invoked for aid, and a body of volunteers, under General Cazenau, came from San Francisco and camped on the hill near the old Wolverine shaft. They had several pieces of artillery, and formed a regular military camp, sending out and
RESIDENCEOF JUDGE GEORGE MOORE. JACKSON, AMADOR COUNTY, CAL.
RESIDENCE OF HON. JAMES T. FARLEY. JACKSON.AMADOR COUNTY, CAL.
113
. AT THE BEGINNING OF THE THIRD DECADE.
relieving guards every evening for the different mines. Correspondents from the cities accompanied the troops, and reported the conditions every day.
Never, at any time in the history of the county, was the apprehension of danger to life and property so strong. The members of the league were men who were accustomed to danger, for what does a man care for life who risks it every day as a ininer does. And then the mass of the miners felt amenable to no laws but their own. There is no elass of people who have so little intercourse with the outside world, who have their own codes of ethics and modes of thought, as the professional miners. The threats of life and property, extended to other parts of the county. It seemed that the officers of justice were paralyzed. The newspapers of the county said little about it, as if fearful that a word might bring destruction upon them.
The result was a general prostration of business. The towns around the quartz mines had been the principal market for produee for some years, and when a thousand or more men were thrown out of employment and the money which was usually paid as wages ceased to circulate, the depression in business was universal, producing in some instances actual distress.
The soldiers remained in the county for several weeks, and prevented any destruetion of property. Some kind of coneession was made which termi- nated the siege, and the soldiers left, although the ill-feeling engendered by the operation remained for some time. The damage to the county by this affair can hardly be estimated. The mines of gold and eopper, as well as other minerals, require the aid of capital to be made profitable. Capital must be pro- tected, or it silently shuts itself up. In subsequent years, the memory of the Amador war diverted many thousands of dollars from investment in the eounty.
DEATH OF M'MIENEMY AND HATCH.
Several altereations grew out of the matter, one resulting in the death of two men and the wounding of a third. The following from the Dispatch of July 29, 1871, gives the only account of the matter to be found :---
" The wounds received by Hatch and McMenemy have both proved fatal. Both of the wounded men were attended by the best of medical aid, but human effort proved of no avail. McMenemy lingered until half-past twelve P. M., on Wednesday, when he died; Mr. Hatch, til! half-past four the same after- noon, when he breathed his last. He was conscious to the last, but unable to speak for some hours before his death.
" We will not attempt to give any of the particu- lars of this truly melancholy affair, as there are so many conflicting statements and rumors afloat that it is almost impossible to arrive at the truth of the matter. The immediate cause of the shooting, how- ever, grew out of an attack made on Mr. Hatch the Friday night previous, at a coneert given in Sutter Creck. The result has created mueh feeling and 15
excitement in our county. Where it will end no one can now tell."
Hatch was the confidential clerk of the Amador Consolidated Co. Bennet was his friend, who took up the quarrel that was forced on Hatch. He was obliged to leave the county. Hatch left a young wife to mourn her loss.
Wrigglesworth, an engineer, who persisted in running an engine for pumping, after notice to quit, was set upon in the streets, and escaped through the kindness of a woman in the Exchange Hotel, who hid him away while the crowd was searching for him. He also had to leave the county.
The reign of terror gradually passed away, though the influence of the Miners' League was felt in polit- ical matters sometime after.
POLITICAL PARTIES IN 1871.
A full set of county and State officers was to be elected and, consequently, the politicians began early to take advantageous positions and set their forces in the field. There were no great national issues to arouse public interest, but a combination, or perhaps a bidding for the vote of the Miners' League, hereto- fore mentioned, gave a great deal of interest to the campaign. John Eagon, a member of the League, was supposed to control three hundred votes, which number would ensure the election of any one nomin- ated by cither party. Few of the better citizens of either party would countenance the proceedings of the League, but as one old politician said, three
ELECTION RETURNS-1871.
-
Jackson.
Clinton. . .
Tone City ..
Lancha Plana.
Volcano ..
Sutter Creek.
Amador .
Drytown.
Forest Home.
Fiddletown ..
Enterprise. ..
GOVERNOR.
H. H. Haight (D.)
268 105 103
30 187 116
66
36 14 92
46
Newton Booth (R.)
209
24 137
51 186 238
68
70
36
62 31
E. J. Lewis (D.)
270 105 106
31 185 158
76
40 15
94 47
R. Pacheco (R.).
208
24 135
50 187 210
58
66 35
81
30
Coffroth (D.)
273 106 100
30 185 148
75
38
14
93
46
Sargent (R.)
204
23 140
51 186 211
58
69
36
80
31
ASSEMBLYMEN.
Waldo (D.).
314
83 107
22 199 97
59
30
15
62
45
Johnson (D.)
237 107 100
24 187 10€
70
38
14
83
46
Coleman (R.)
164 23 133
53 182 179
60
68
35
85
31
Eagon (Ind.).
180
45
.115
62 158 211
60
69
29
79
24
Swift (Ind.) ..
14
13
4 52
4
1
3
...
SHERIFF.
319 104 117
30 189 101
47
3
14
78
46
H. Kelly (R.).
157 25 123
49 184 264
87
70
36
93
31
Spagnoli (D.).
277 117
97
25 188 132
51
2
63
32
Richtmyer (R.).
195
11 142
56 187 234
80
88 48 108
45
TREASURER.
306
59
55
29 169 126
67
36
12
83
48
Button (R.)
166
69,180
51 203 218
59
67
38
80
28
Turner (D.).
278
75
9
18 166
97
68
35
14
70
45
Briggs (R.).
185
52
140
62 192 257
65
67
34
92
28
Surfaec
290 109 150
25 234 108
58
47
17 119
50
Mullen
186
20
89
54 137 252
58
33
54
26
Briggs.
290 101 102
27 291
151
78
38
11
79
38
Kerr
184 23'139
52
83 215
54
68
39
90
39
SURVEYOR.
285 104 104
25 188
128
76
40
15
85
46
McKimm.
189 25 136
56 187
211
55
66
35
87
31
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATOR.
Yoak.
319 106 104
27 189 124
76
36
10
85
45
Winnegar
155 23 136
54 186 238
57
68
39
85
32
CORONER.
Boarman
282 105 106
33 188 147
75
41
16
85
46
Sharp
188
23 134
48 186 218
59
65
33
87 31
1
LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR.
CONGRESSMAN.
John Vogan (D.).
COUNTY CLERK.
Meehan (D.)
DISTRICT ATTORNEY.
ASSESSOR.
Reaves.
SUPERINTENDENT SCHOOLS.
18
CANDIDATES.
114
HISTORY OF AMADOR COUNTY, CALIFORNIA.
hundred votes were hard to pick up, so the three hundred were treated with distinguished considera- tion. What diplomatic feats were performed; what promises made and broken none will tell. The elec- tion returns form the best history of the transaction.
OFFICERS ELECTED IN 1871.
District Judge-A. C. Adams.
County Judge-T. M. Pawling.
Assemblymen-H. A. Waldo, J. A. Eagon.
District Attorney-R. M. Briggs.
County Clerk-B. F. Richtmyer.
Sheriff -- H. B. Kelley.
Treasurer-O. Button.
Surveyor-D. D. Reaves.
Assessor-J. W. Surface.
Superintendent of Schools -- S. G. Briggs.
Coroner-Charles Boarman.
Public Administrator-A. Yoak.
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.
Township No. 1-J. C. Shipman, Hugh Robinson.
2-L. Brusie, L. M. Earle.
3-S. F. Mullen, L. Ludekin.
4 P. Cook, J. S. Hill.
66
66 5-M. B. Church, D. Worley.
66 6-E. R. Yates, James Gregg.
FINANCIAL MATTERS IN 1872.
This may be distinguished as the year of waking up, when every cranny and pigeon hole was ran- sacked to find the amount of the county debt. In February the Treasurer estimated the debt as $179,- 265.47. On the sixth day of June the report indicated outstanding warrants on-
General Fund with interest.
.$153,551.00
Hospital Fund " ¥
36,995.68
New Certificates. 1,979,64-$192,526.32
The following note is appended to the report :--
" Upon a thorough examination of the registration of outstanding warrants against the redemption and hospital funds of the county, as the same appears on the books of the County Treasurer, it appears that the reports made of the indebtedness of the county for the past years have been incorrect, the true indebtedness being much greater than reported. The presumption is, the error was committed by report- ing the interest paid as a reduction of the principal to that amount, when in fact it did not reduce it at all."
The last quarterly report, December 3, 1872, was, outstanding warrants on-
General Fund. .$157,121.02
Hospital Fund ..
3S,007.33
New General Fund.
13,756.23-$208,884.58
The Assessor, J. W. Surface, catching some of the economic spirit, doubled the assessment roll and aston- ished the people with the amount of wealth in the county.
Assessment roll for 1872 :-
Real Estate. .
$ 359,133
Improvements.
269,105
Town Lots.
90,965
Improvements thereon.
279,800
Mining Claims ..
1,296,200
Improvements.
150,350
Telegraph.
800
Water Ditches.
82,950
Personal Property. 3,027,119-$5,556,442
Rate of taxation, $2.35 on cach $100.
Taxes assessed, including special school taxes, $77,531.17.
TAX RATES.
Sinking Fund .... 70c. Producing. . $22,307.25
General Fund. . . . 45c.
66 .. 14,340.37
School Fund ..... 30c. 66
. .
. . 6,373.50
State Fund ...... 50c .- $2.35 66 .. 15,933.75-$74,8SS.62
Considering that the population of the county was something less than ten thousand, government was was quite a luxury, costing about $8.00 per capita.
POLITICAL PARTIES IN 1872.
This year furnishes an apt illustration of the often repeated assertion that the desire for office was at the foundation of the enthusiasm generally prevalent during elections. There were no county offices to fill, and it was difficult to kindle any interest in the mass of voters. The Presidential election was a far away matter in the chances to get a public appoint- ment, and few took any interest on that account. Then the nominations were singular. Grant, the Republi- can nominee for President, in former days, was con- sidered a Democrat, and Greeley, the Democratic nominee never was a Democrat; on the contrary, he had been during his whole life, fiercely aggressive on them; had charged them with all kinds of sins, indi- vidually and collectively-sins politieal, moral and intellectual; but Greeley had quarreled with the administration, and he was thought a suitable candi- date to make an inroad in the Republican ranks. A great many, who were former admirers of Greeley, were known to be disaffected, and, it was thought, would leave the Republican party. The Democrats had now conceded the payment of the national debt and the validity of the Constitutional amendments, so that there was really little difference of opinion, . on national questions, to keep the people apart. The old Democrats reluctantly fell into the ranks with
ELECTION RETURNS FOR 1872.
PRECINCTS.
Grant (R.).
Greeley(D.) -
Page (R.) --
Coggins (D.)
Jackson
173
172
159
188
Clinton
65
20
65
21
Ione City
115
92
88
119
Lancha Plana
35
38
25
46
Volcano
165
155
135 188
Sutter Creek
155
80
135
132
Amador
53
85
30
106
Drytown
47
26
43
31
Forest Home
34
12
12
24
Fiddletown
52
45
11
89
Enterprise.
15
25
12
26
Plymouth
55
22
29
46
Total
964
772
744 1016
. . 9,560.25
Hospital Fund ... 40c.
115
AT THE BEGINNING OF THE THIRD DECADE.
Greeley at the head of the column. It was a decided case of self-sacrifice for the benefit of the country. The younger Democrats suspended the rule and voted as they pleased. As might have been expected the vote was very light. Even the vote for Congress- man was far short of the usual numbers.
A comparison of the vote with that of 1868 will be of interest as showing the want of interest in the election :-
1868.
1872.
Grant (R.)- 1,109
Grant (R.). 946
Seymour (D.). _1,223
Grecley (D.) 772
Total 2,332
Total 1,718
Decrease in vote, 614.
CONGRESSIONAL VOTE.
1868.
1872.
Sargent (R.). 1,102
Page (R.) 744.
Coffroth (D.) .1,222
Coggins (D.). 1,016
Total 2,324
Total. 1,760 Decrease in vote, 564.
Page's vote was two hundred and two less than Grant's, and Greeley's vote two hundred and forty- eight less than Coffroth's. It is evident that many men of both parties failed to vote, and that personal preferences, with many Democrats as well as Repub- licans, were stronger than party ties; also, that National questions were considered of less moment than the election of the right kind of men for county officers, as the whole vote fell short of the vote of the previous year as follows :--
County Clerk-Spagnoli, 1,002; Richtmyer, 1,194; total, 2,196. Presidential vote, 1872-1,718. Differ- ence, 478.
Vote for County Clerk in 1873-Stevens, 1,087 ;. Riehtmyer, 1,017; total, 2,104. Difference, 386.
FINANCIAL MATTERS IN 1873.
From this time, there seems to have been an earnest effort to pay off the debt, as well as to check county expenditures. The effort to make the pros- pective value of the mines an item on the assessment roll, failed. The mine owners succeeded in evading it, sometimes by a technicality. In other instances, the Supervisors abated part of the tax, to avoid a doubtful and expensive lawsuit. The Keystone min- ing property was assessed in bulk, the taxes amount- ing to nine thousand dollars, which the company refused to pay, whereupon, J. W. Surface, the col- lector, proceeded to sell the property. In the suit which followed, the Court decided, that, though the property was principally owned by one company, it should have been described and assessed as three separate properties; that, in consequence of this, the collector be restrained from selling it.
The assessment roll was reduced to $3,186,750, and $18,176.90 taxes were reported as delinquent. The total indebtedness July 31st, was reported at- Outstanding warrants on Gen. Fund. . $141,768.08 Hospital Fund. 34,044.36 Certificates not bearing interest . . . 13,991.09-$189,803.53
October 3d, it was reported-
Outstanding warrants on Gen. Fund .. $143,894.39 Hospital Fund .. 34,736.46
Certificates not bearing interest ....... 17,774.65
New Hospital Fund. 1,032.85-$197,438.35
POLITICAL PARTIES IN 1873.
Early in the season, it was evident that a nomina- tion by the Democratie party was equivalent to an election, and the strife was principally in the prima- ries. Nearly every town had a full set of candidates, who undertook to effect a combination which should have their own names on the slate. When the pri- maries were over, the successful operators went into the Convention, each with his list of delegates, which he could trade or bestow on any other candidate as a consideration for votes given to himself. Some sturdy, independent men, finding themselves valued, labeled and consigned to certain parties, will rebel and fret, but a skillful manipulator will manage to conciliate them with the promise of a nomination another year, or something equally delusive, and so, year after year, a smart manager wriggles him- self into office; and the man who studies political economy instead of men, who knows less of prima- ries and more of the science of government, is left in the rear in the race. It may be said, however, in defense of this kind of political economy, that the best governments are the result of organizations which harmonize conflicting elements into a force working for the general good; that he who cannot lead, and is unwilling to follow, must stand aside.
This season showed a change of positions of some of the leaders. John Eagon, one of the old Demo- cratie war horses, who was wont to fall into the front line when a charge was sounded, now ranged himself with the Republicans. When he made his intention known, he excused, or rather justified, him- self with the remark of a Roman orator: " Tempora mutantur, mutamur," which may be translated, Times change, we change. In a rather lengthy address, the sentiment, above quoted, was elaborated into something like the following: "Fellow-citizens: I honestly defended slavery, not that I believed it advantageous to States or to the nation, but because I found it recognized in the national compact as an existing institution. I opposed the attempt to coerce the States who refused to submit to the election of of a President, and the establishment of an adminis- tration hostile to the institution of slavery, not because I justified secession, but because I believed that reunion could be safely left to time and oppor- tunity. The nation thought otherwise. Slavery has been abolished by the court of last resort; the Union has been re-established, though at a fearful price. I do not believe in prolonging a useless strife. I am willing to accept the verdict, and abide the judgment of the Court. I am willing to forget the past, and join with any party to cultivate peace and friendship between the two sections, and repair the waste and desolations of the war."
116
HISTORY OF AMADOR COUNTY, CALIFORNIA.
Judge Gordon also took the stump for the Repub- lican party. He had been longer a member of the Democratie party, because an older man; had been a Murat in the thiekest of the fight, where his intel- lectual sword was sure to cleave a broad way through opposing ranks. Though his judgment might have caused him to submit to, and advocate, the new order of political economy, his heart did not respond to the new slogan. His speeches lacked the usual fire and vim, and, in a few years after, he concluded to give his old age to the party of his youth.
James T. Farley, who had quietly taken the bit- ter pill of defeat during the years of the war, was now in front. He had been prudent during the years of bitter strife; had tried to soften the asper- ity, and vindictiveness of both parties. He had remained with the Democrats when sure defeat awaited them. His uniform consisteney won the confidence of the community. He also accepted the results of the war, and wished to eultivate peace and amity.
In this campaign was the beginning of that con- tinuous wave of popularity which carried him into the United States Senate.
The comparison of the vote with that of 1861, when he received less than one-third of the votes, must be to him a source of satisfaction.
ELECTION RETURNS-SEPTEMBER, 1873.
CANDIDATES.
Jackson ..
Clinton ..
Ione City . ..
Lancha Flana
Volcano .
Sutter Creek.
Amador City.
Drytown ..
Forest Home.
Fiddletown.
Enterprise
Plymouth
Totals . ...
John W. Bost, (D.) Paul Neuman, (R )
235
64 111
34 162 171
98
42
7
58
17 94 1195
176
41
104
29 106| 16
35
33
30
30
7
56
SENATOR.
4 65 25 103 1382 Outstanding Warrants on General 648 Fund with interest.
134,694 39
Outstanding Warrants on Hospital Fund with interest .. 33,185 34
Certificates on Current Expense Fund, no interest.
6,622 31
Certificates on New Hospital Fund. .. .
735 00-$174,509 57 13,964 36
Total Indebtedness. $160,504 21
Value of Taxable Property
.$2,738,970 00
Rate of Taxation
2 65
Amount of Taxes. 72,582 70
Delinquent for 1873.
7,169 74
ASSESSMENT ROLL FOR 1874.
Real Estate and Improvements ... $1,724,140 00 Personal Property.
830,415 00
730 Mines.
503,780 00
S. G. Briggs, (D.)
307
67
9
33 200 183
98
49
16 82 1204 Improvements on same. 194,310 00
Ditches
61,080 00
D. Myers, (D.)
201
59 113
35 179 220
91
35
15
80
19
J. S. Hi l. (R.)
211
47 |109
31 129 114
62
52
4
12
82 924
OFFICERS ELECTED IN 1873.
State Senator-James T. Farley (D.)
Assemblymen-W. H. Stowers (D.), Louis Mil- ler (R.)
District Attorney-T. J. Phelps (D.)
County Clerk-J. B. Stevens (D.)
Sheriff-Peter Fagan (D.)
County Treasurer-J. A. Butterfield (D.) County Surveyor-Wm. L. McKimm (D.) Assessor-J. W. Surface (D.) Superintendent of Schools-S. G. Briggs (D.) Coronor and Publie Administrator-D. Myers (D.)
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.
Township No. 1-J. C. Shipman, Hugh Robin- son.
Township No. 2-L. Brusie, L. M. Earl.
Township No. 3-L. MeLaine, L. Ludekins.
Township No. 4-J. A. Brown, C. K. Johnson. Township No. 5-M. B. Church, R. S. Hinkson.
Township No. 6 .- S. Cooledge, L. G. Lewis.
ALPINE COUNTY LEFT OUT IN THE ELECTION.
When Alpine county was organized, in 1864, it was joined to Amador as a Legislative distriet, which was allowed one Senator and two Assembly- men. It was a mutual understanding that Alpine should have one Assemblyman, and Amador the other, and the Senator. This arrangement was observed for two Legislative terms, but in 1871 and 1873 the bargain was forgotten in the hurly burly of election, and Amador got the whole delegation. It happened, in this way, that Louis Miller, a Republi- can, was elected to the Assembly, though the party to which he belonged was in the minority. In 1874 Alpine was joined to El Dorado for election purposes, and had no further politieal connection with Ama- dor.
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