USA > California > Tulare County > History of Tulare County, California with biographical sketches > Part 14
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On the general eastern boundary of California, and running nearly its entire length, lies the Sierra Nevada (snowy range), its summit being generally above the region of perpetual snow. In this State it is about 450 miles long and 80 miles wide, with an altitude varying from 5,000 to 15,000 feet above the level of the sea. Nearly its whole width is occupied with its west- ern slope, descending to a level of 300 feet above the sea; its eastern slope, five or six miles wide, terminating abruptly in the great interior basin, which is 5,000 feet above the sea level. The sides of the Sierra Nevada, to the height of about 8,000 feet, are covered with dense forests of valuable timber, which is sue- ceeded by rugged granite and perpetual snow.
THE CALIFORNIA ALPS.
John Muir says of the region about the head-waters of King's River:
" Few portions of the California Alps are, strictly speaking picturesque. The whole massive uplift of the range, 450 miles long by about seventy miles wide, is one grand pieture, not elearly divisible into sinaller ones; in this respect it differs greatly from the older and riper mountains of the Coast Range. All the landscapes of the Sierra were remodeled deep down to the roots of their granite foundations by the developing ice- floods of the last geologieal winter.
"On the head-waters of the King's River is a group of wild Alps on which the geologist may say the sun has but just begun to shine, yet in a high degree picturesque, and in all its main features so regular and evenly balanced as almost to appear conventional-one somber eluster of snow-laden peaks with gray pine-fringed granite bosses braided around its base, the whole surging free into the sky from the head of a magnifi- cent valley, whose lofty walls are beveled away on both sides so as to embrace it all without admitting anything not strictly belonging to it. The foreground was now all aflame with autumn colors, brown and purple and gold, ripe with the mel- low sunshine; contrasting brightly with the deep, cobalt blue of the sky, and the black and gray and pure, spiritual white of the rocks and glaciers. Down through the midst the young river was seen pouring from its erystal fountains, now resting in glassy pools as if changing back again into iee; now leap- ing in white eascades as if turning to snow; gliding right and left between the granite bosses, then sweeping on through the smooth meadowy levels of the valley, swaying pensively from side to side with calm, stately gestures, past dipping willows and sedges, and around groves of arrowy pine; and throughout its whole eventful course, flowing fast or slow, singing loud or low, ever filling the landscape with spiritual animation, and
manifesting the grandeur of its sourees in every movement and tone."
MOUNT DIABLO.
The most familiar peak in the State is, however, Mount Diablo, being very near its geographical eenter, and towering above all other peaks-prominent from its inaccessibility and magnificent panoramie sweep from its top-prominent from its selection by the Government as the initial point of base and meridian lines in the land survey, it being the reference point in about two-thirds of the State.
It stands out boldly 3,856 feet high, overlooking the tran- quil ocean, thirty miles dne east from the Golden Gate, serving as a beacon to the weary, ses-tossed mariner, far ont on the blue, briny billows, pointing him to a haven of security in the great harbor through the Golden Gate itself; and even on through bay and strait to anehorages safe and deep, up to where the foot-stones of the great pile meet and kiss the brackish waters. Grand old mountain, majestic, silent, yet a trumpet-tongued preacher : Who is there of the prosperous dwellers upon its slopes, or near its grateful shadows, that, going or coming by land or sea, does not look upon that blue receding or advane- ing pile with a full heart ?
It is believed there are few points on the earth's surface from which so extensive an area can be seen as from this mountain. The writer has from its summit, eounted thirty-five cities and villages, where reside two-thirds of the inhabitants of the State.
The two great mountain ranges unite at the northern and southern part of the State, each eonneeting range having a lofty peak.
MOUNT SHASTA.
In the northern connecting link is Mount Shasta, 14,442 feet high. It rears its great eraggy snow -covered summit high in the air, and is often seen at a distance of 200 miles at the south- west. It takes about three days to reach its summit and return. You can ride to the snow line the first day, ascend to the top the following morning, descend to your camp in the afternoon, and return to the valley on the third day. Mount Shasta has a glacier, almost, if not quite, the only one within the limits of the United States. The mountain is an extinct voleano. Its summit is composed of lava, and the eye can easily trace the now broken lines of this old crater when viewed from the north. Mount Shasta is elothed with snow for a virtual mile down from its sunnit during most of the year.
MOUNTS WHITNEY AND SAN BENARDINO.
Mount Whitney is the highest point in the United States (14,- 900 feet) ; but Monnt Shasta (14,4+2 feet) makes a more impos- ing appearance because it rises in solitary grandeur 7,000 feet above any mountains near it. A signal station has lately been established on Mount Whitney. In the Sierra Nevada Range are more than 100 peaks over 10,000 feet high, according to the
74
THE GREAT VALLEYS AND PRODUCTIONS.
State Geographical Survey. In the southern connecting link is snow-capped Mount San Bernardino 11,600 feet above the sea level.
GREAT SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY.
Between these two great mountain ranges, lies the great inte- rior basin of the State, comprising the Sacramento and San Joa- quin Valleys, really but one geographical formation, drained by the two great rivers bearing their respective names, and their tributaries ; an uninterrupted level country of exceeding fertility, and the great future wheat growing section of the State. This basin extends north and south about 400 miles, with an average breadth of from fifty to sixty miles, rising into undulating slopes and low hills as the mountains arc approached on either side. It is covered with a diluvium from 400 to 1,500 feet deep, and presents evidences of having once been the bed of a vast lake.
Innumerable valleys are formed by spurs shooting off from the western slope of the Sierra Nevada Range, and from the Coast Range on either side, extending the entire length of the State; well watered by springs and living streams, possessing a good soil and climate, and every way adapted to profitable mixed husbandry.
This great valley is drained from the north by the Sacra- mento River, and from the south by the San Joaquin, which, after meeting and uniting in the center of the basin, break through the Coast Range to the Pacific. At the southern extremity are the Tulare Lakes and marshes which, in the wet season, cover a large extent of surface. Along the great rivers the valleys are generally low and level, and extremely fertile rising into undulating slopes and low hills as the mountains are approached on either side, and broken on the cast by num- erous spurs from the Sierras. The following table gives the most noted clevations in the State and their distance from San Francisco.
ALTITUDE OF PROMINENT POINTS IN THE STATE.
NAMES OF PLACES. Distance (SIERRA NEVADA RANGE. ) fr'm S.F.
Altitude ab've sea
NAMES OF PLACES. (COAST RANGE. )
Distance Altitude fr'm S. F. ab've sea
Mount Whitney
173
14,900
Snow Mountain
114
7,500
Mount Shasta
24
14,442
Mount St. John.
96
4,500
Mount Tyndall
160
14,386
Monnt Hamilton
52
4,400
Mount Dana.
148
13,227
Mount St. Helena
70
4,343
Mount Lyell
144
13,217 Mount Diablo
32
3,856
Mount Drewer
152
13,886
Mount Loma Prieta. .
54
4,040
Mount Silliman
130
11,623
Mount Balley
280
6,375
Lassen Butte.
183
10,577
Mount Tamalpais
15
2,604
Stanislaus Peak
125
11,500
Marysville Butte.
92
2,030
Round Top
120
10,650
Farallone Islands
34
200
Downieville Buttes
157
8,720
Clay Street Hill
387
Colfax Village.
144
2,431
Red Bluff
225
307
Sacramento
90
30||Redding
260
558
THE STAPLE PRODUCTIONS,
Prior to 1864, no very marked results were reached in farm- ing in California, the export of agricultural products, with the exception of wool, not having been such as to attract attention abroad. And owing to the drought that prevailed in 1863 and 1864, Califonia had but little grain or other farm produce to
spare, flour having been to some extent imported. The large extent, undoubted fertility, and known capabilities of the lands of the San Joaquin, Sacramento and Salinas Valleys give assur- ance that agriculture will become the predominant interest of its people.
The principal staples which the soil and climate of these val- leys favor are the cereal grains. Wild oats are indigenous to the country, and on lands allowed to run wild, will run out other small grains, but arc cultivated only as a forage plant which, cut while green, makes an excellent hay. Barley also thrives well, and, in a green state, is often cut for hay. But the great staple, from being "the staff of life," and the ease of cultivation over other products in this climate, is wheat. In a moderately rainy season it is capable of perfecting its growth before the heats of summer have evaporated the moisture from the roots, and a crop is nearly sure of being made. No discase. rust, or insect harms the grain, although smut was in early days very prevalent, but, by proper treatment has nearly dis- appcared. There has always been a good demand for the sur- plus crop of this cereal, in the mines and for export, and its cultivation has been profitable.
Cotton cultivation has been experimented upon in Fresno County, and in the Tulare Basin, where the yield has averaged 500 pounds to the acre of a fine textile fibre.
Next to the cultivation of cereals, the vine engrosses the minds of California agriculturists more than any other production, the product of her vineyards finding favor in all parts of the world.
Nearly a thousand vessels enter the port of San Francisco in a year, and a large number of these are required to carry the wheat to Europe. Some $15,000,000 is annually received for wheat alone, and it is shipped to the following countries, arranged in order according to the amount which was sent thein: Great Britain, Belgium, France, Australia, Spain, South America, New Zealand, China, Germany, Hawaiian Islands, British Columbia, Tahiti, and Mexico. By this list it is seen that we contribute breadstuff's to nearly every country of the globe.
CALIFORNIA'S VARIED INDUSTRIES.
California has now a total area of 7,000,000 acres inclosed, 4,000,000 cultivated-nine-tenths of the cultivated land being in cereals, and 90,000 in grape-vines. She has 2,500,000 bearing trees of temperate fruits-apple, pear, pcach, plum, prune, apri- cot, nectarine, and cherry-300,000 bearing trees of semi-tropi- ical fruits- orange, lemon, lime, fig, and olive-400,000 almond and English walnut trees, 4,400 miles of mining ditchs, 260 gold quartz-mills, 300 saw-mills and 140 grist-mills. Among her annual products are 12,000 tons of wool, 5,000 of butter, 1,500 of cheese and 500 of honey, 6,000,000 gallons of wine and 14,000,000 of beer, and 500,000,000 feet of sawn lumber. The assessed value of her property is $578,000,000, of which half is in San Francisco and its suburbs.
75
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS OF THE STATE.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS.
It is as an agricultural State now, however, that California is attracting attention, and to show what we are doing in that line we append a table of receipts and exports from San Fran- cisco of wheat, flour, barley, oats, beans and potatoes since 1856.
Each year terminates with June 30th :-
WHEAT AND FLOUR.
RECEIPTS.
EXPORTS.
Equal to
Date.
Equal to bbls. Flour.
1857
151,470
1857
43,900
1858
116.474
1858
6,654
1859
212,888
1859
20,618
1860
419,749
1860.
186,182
1872
56,390
7,479
1872
720 077
36,578
1873
70,048
5,997
1873
779,379
27,986
1874
89,091
5,739
1874
781,049
33,772
1875
113,577
8,156
1875
752,456
29,441
1876
115,128
17,296
1876
731,207
25,684
1877
117,860
10,512
1877
810,576
36,818
1878
80,116
12,705
1878
624,353
18,840
1879
207,193
17,871
1879
750,211
23,440
1880
198,249
28,740
1880
590,611
36,200
STATE LANDS AND HOW DIVIDED.
State Surveyor-General, William Minis, places the area of the State at 100,500,000 acres, divided as follows :-
Agricultural and mineral lands surveyed to June 30, 1879.
40,054,11+
Agricultural and mineral lands unsurveyed .
39,065,754
Private grants surveyed to June 30, 1879
8,459,694
Mission Church property
40,707
Pueblo Lands ..
188,049
Private grants unsurveyed .
15,000
Indian and military reservations
318,631
Lakes, islands, bays and navigable rivers.
1,561.700
Swamp and overflowed lands unsurveyed.
110,714
Salt marsh and tide lands around San Francisco bay
100,000
Salt marsh and tide lands around Humboldt bay .
5,000
Receipts, In centals.
Exports, in centals.
Receipts, in centals.
Exports, in centals.
1857
455,823
66,368
1857
157,344
8,370
1858
637,568
142,612
1858
186,039
107,659
1859
779,870
295,836
1859
320,248
218,647
1860
549,293
69,246
1860
216,898
90,682
1861
677,455
339,536
1861
315,078
116,467
1862
611,227
188,617
1862
351,633
154,585
1863
432,203
49,809
1863
177,105
39,986
1864
611,143
40,329
1864
304,044
91,086
1865
438,432
13,920
1865
273,973
3.366
1866
1,037,209
349,990
1866
343,042
113,966
1867
730,112
142,154
1867
328,478
89,331
1868
638,920
31,342
1868
221,811
5,685
1869
608,988
91,202
1869
234,498
21,934
1870
752,418
300,528
1870
299,143
13,957
1871
701,639
138,008
1871
304,153
13,227
1872
792,198
16,707
1872
358,531
11,707
1873
981,028
226,928
1873
200,545
5,437
1874
1,127,390
243,752
1874
243,400
27,640
1875
1,243 657
182,146
1875
305,844
56,023
1876
1.142,154
204,131
1876
233,960
3,101
1877
1,552,765
282,875
1877
210,257
4,479
1878
858.967
88,887
1878
145,413
10,756
1879
1,752,712
468,335
1879
253,802
29,253
1880
1,191,451
411,145
1880
143,366
5,372
Exports, in sacks.
Receipts, in sacks.
Exports, in sacks.
1857
55,268
638
1857
343,681
1858
65,076
6,721
1858
330,307
1859
69,682
22,953
1859
292,458
1860
38,714
8,300
1860
326,973
11,955
1861
34,188
4,675
1861
317,419
40,997
1862
58,294
11,789
1862
293,074
5,815
1863
59,620
2,863
1863
364,423
14,952
1864
83,568
21,619
1864
376,046
22,161
1865
47,822
4,244
1865
346,654
5,976
1866
45,717
6,662
1866
515,807
16,984
1867
50,678
2,921
1867
543,193
7,378
1868
50,638
12,917
1868
632,086
19,133
1869
53,711
1,899
1869
604,392
24,360
1870
99,585
7,890
1870
701,960
24,710
1871
85,618
21,800
1871
700,122
18 880
1861
834,020
1861
707,156
1862
560,304
1862
385,600
1863.
781,138
1863
492,724
1864
715,975
1864
509,730
1865
310,691
1865
99,932
1866
917,217
1866
626,060
1867
1,967,197
1867
1.697,402
1868
1.878,508
1868.
1,691,115
1869
.2,238,800
1869
.1,912,095
1870
2,244,061
1870.
1 974,259
1871
1,597,756
1871.
1,386,83 1
1872
937,203
1872.
738 206
1873
.3,815,911
1873
.3,537,874
1874
.. 3,079,473
1874.
.. 3,069.123
1875
.3,731,104
1875
.3,413,669
1876
.2.652,461
1876
.2,490,633
1877.
.4.115,554
1877
.4,029,253
1578.
.1,864,644
1878.
.1,765 304
1879. .
.3,839,180
1879.
.3,867,955
ISSO.
.2,891,660
1880.
.2,591,545
BARLEY AND OATE.
BARLEY.
OATS.
Aggregate. 100,500,000
OWNERSHIP AND CULTIVATION OF LAND.
From various official sources we have compiled the subjoined table, showing the total area, the area sold by the Government ( that is, held by private ownership ), the area enclosed, and the area cultivated, in every county of the State-all in square miles. The figures are not exact, nor is it possible to make them so from any official records now in existence. The arca "sold " is that treated as subject to taxation in the several counties, and the areas enclosed and cultivated are reported annually in the Assessor's reports.
In some cases, considerable quantities of land have been dis- posed of by the Federal Government, but in such a manner that they are not subject to taxation. Thus, the Southern Pa- cific Railroad Company has built 150 miles of its road in San Diego county, and is entitled to twenty square miles of land as subsidy for each mile of the road, making a total of 3,000 square miles; but this land has not yet been conveyed by patent, and nobody is authorized to say precisely which section will pass under the grant. The total areas as given in the following table, are taken from calculations made by J. IL. Wilde, I. q.
BEANS AND POTATOES.
BEANS.
POTATOES.
Receipts, in sacks.
Date.
bbls. Flour.
76
SIZE AND WEALTH OF EACH OF THE COUNTIES.
DIAGRAM SHOWING COMPARATIVE SIZE OF COUNTIES. Prepared for Elliott & Moore's County History.
Arranged in square miles, caeh square represents 50 square miles land. Enel black square represents 50 square miles cultivated, fraetions omitted.
Laeh dotted . square represents 50 square miles sold bat not cultivated. Each open square represents 50 square miles unsold land, not assessed.
The areas in the table are not exact. The cultivated and assessed land and valuations are from Assessor's reports. About one twenty-fourth of the State is cultivated, and about one-fourth belongs to individuals.
NAME.
AREA. 433
35
380
$ 5,616,553
١ ١ ٠٠١٠١ ١٠١٠١٠ هـ
450
90
450
6,157,210
Marin.
575
25
490
7,8G8,917
Sutter.
576
325
576
3,906,203
Yuba.
600
90
300
4,268,250
4,500
55 1,800
1,963,320
Amador.
700
45
200
2,724,449
Contra Costa.
756
IS0
700
7,720,292 Lassen.
4,942
40 320
1,213,184
FINN. ... . . . . . . Alameda. 800
105
650
37,452,230
Solano.
800
190
790
8,671,022
Tulare.
5,500
150
1,900
4,694,250
BAHR. ... . . . .. . .. Napa. 828
40
350
7,873,926
Sierra.
830
4
140
751,005
Calaveras. 936
35
320
1,829,865
... . . .
Lake. 975
30
230
1,213,084
San Benito.
1,000
55
4S0
3,774,603
Sacramento. 1,026
170
980
18,578,385
Nevada,
1,050 SO
500
6,821,306
Yolo.
1.150 215 SSO
9,916,597 Modoc.
7,380
40
250
1,239,152
Santa Clara. 1,336
350 850
23,628,845
San Joaquin. 1,350
475 1,350
18,678,594
Stanislaus. 1,350
590 1,220
6,031,988
Ventura.
1,350
78 700
2,857,383
Placer.
1,380
150 600
5,832,925
...... . . . .. .
Sonoma.
1,400 310 1,200
15,178,12] Fresno.
S.750
110
2,800
6,055,062
Mariposa.
1.410
300
Del Norte.
1,440
2
80
695,850
.
Butte.
1,458
370
750
10,665,097 San Diego. 15,156
28
600
3,161,177
Trinity.
...... . 1,800
12
100
S98,610
A . .
El Dorado. 20
1,872
330 2,331,350
290 1,649,6]] Tuolumne. 86
.. . . .
Merced.
1,975
480 1,500 5,712,657
. ... . . . . . ... .. ... . . .
Humboldt.
2,000 45 1,100
5,355,028
..................... .
Colusa.
2,376
435 1,800 12,546,242
......... ......................
Plumas.
2,736
10 290
1,926,154
.. . . .
Tehama. 2,800
300 750 4. 192,548
3,040 48 300 2.651,367
NAME.
AREA. 3,160
CULTIVATED. 90
SOLD. 1,500
VALUATION. $4,137,570
San Luis Obispo.
...... . . . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . .. ... ..
Monterey.
3,300
300
1,150
7,185,185
.
Santa Barbara.
3,540
90
1,300
4,479,829
........................
Mendoeino.
3,816
95
1,100
5.508,650
..... ...............
Mono.
4,186
10
SO
1,691,779
٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠٠
Inyo.
5,852
10
110
972.401
. . . .
Los Angeles.
6.000
170
2,200
16,160,988
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
Kern.
8,000
40
2,000
4,485,997
... . . . ... .. ... .................. .. .. . . . .
.. . . . . . . .. .
............ .. . . . . . . . . . .
1,299,950 · . . . . .. . .. ... .
. . . . .
San Bernardino. 23,472
85
700
2,601,321
... . . .. . . . . . . . .
Total.
.164,03] 6,94] 41,350
By way of comparison, on same scale, to show the vast size of California, we represent the State of Rhode Island. 1,306 square miles.
......
...... .
.. . . . .
. .. .
. ....... . .
.
CULTIVATED. SOLD.
VALUATION, Real and Personal.
Santa Cruz.
San Mateo.
Shasta.
..... .
. . !
5 ... . .... . .
€ ... . . . . ... .. . . .
........... .
1,950
$578,839,214 Siskiyou.
......
ELLIOTT LITH. +ZI MONT. ST.
RESIDENCE OF«GEO.W. WEAR* BAKERSFIELD, KERN CO. CAL.
J.NIEDERAUR. FURNITURE DEALER & UNDERTAHER.
GOLDEN BOOT STORE .
CARPETS, WALL PAPER, WINDOW"SHADES, PICTURE FRA SEWING -MACHINE AGENCY.
ES & C.
D. M.MENZIES. MANUFACTURER DF 600TS & SHOES.
. FUHNITY
J. NIEDERAUR'S STORE COR. 19TH & K STS. BAKERSFIELD. KERN CO.CAL.
ELLIOTT. LITH . 421 MONT. 87.
77
SCHOOLS AND EDUCATIONAL ADVANTAGES.
EDUCATIONAL ADVANTAGES.
California has 2,743 public schools, with an attendanee of 144,805, and 216,464 children on the eensus roll. In the year 1878-79 there was $2,285,732.38 paid to teachers as salaries. Since the organization of California as a State, she has paid for the support of schools $38,500,000-not a bad showing.
The educational system of the State has received mueh atten- tion and care from those in authority. Our public sehools and higher institutions of learning are liberally endowed, and gene- rally efficient. The profession of teaching is held in high repute, and teachers command good salaries. We are justified, we think, in saying that the system of public schools established by the laws of California is in no respeet inferior to the best in any other State in the Union.
FIRST YANKEE SCHOOL-MASTER.
In April, 1847, the first English school was opened in a small shanty on the block bounded by Dupont, Broadway, Pacific and Stockton Streets. Here were collected from twenty to thirty pupils, who then comprised nearly all the children of the eity. It was a private institution and was supported by tuition fees from the pupils, and by the contributions of the citizens. It was taught by Mr. Marsten, who is entitled to the honor of being the first Yankee school-master upon the Paeifie Coast. Although he continued his school but a few months, he per- formed an important part as a pioneer in establishing our sehools, which should cause his name to be held in grateful remembrance by every friend of education.
THE PIONEER LADY TEACHER.
In January, 1848, Mrs. Mary A. Case located in Santa Cruz and opened a school in her own house, and taught two terms, when the discovery of gold broke up her school by the removal of families. Mrs. Case was, in 1879, still living in Santa Cruz. She was a native of Connecticut, and came to California in 1847. Her husband, B. A. Case, died at Long Valley, Califor- nia, in 1871.
FIRST PUBLIC SCHOOL.
Late in the fall of 1847, active measures were first taken by the citizens of San Francisco to organize a public sehool, which resulted in erecting a humble one-story school-house on the south-west part of Portsmouth Square, fronting on Clay Street, near where it joins Brenham Place. An engraving of this first public school-house in San Francisco has been preserved in the " Annals of San Francisco." The history of this old building is cherished by the early pioneers with many pleasing associ- tions. Here germinated every new enterprise; here the town meetings and political conventions were held; here the churches first held their gatherings, and the first public amusements were given. After the discovery of gold it was deserted for school purposes, and was used as a Court House under Judge
Alınond. It was afterwards degraded into a public offiee and used as a station-house. It was demolished by the city in 1850.
On the 3d of April, 1848, the school was opened in the build- ing described, under the instruction of Mr. Thomas Douglass, now residing in San Jose, an able and zealous pioneer in the cause of education. He was appointed teacher by the Board of School Trustees, at a salary of $1,000 per month. The popu- lation at this time was 812, of whom sixty were children of a suitable age for attending sehool. Although it was a public sehool under the control of regularly eleeted officers, it was mainly supported by tuition from the pupils. The success and usefulness of this school were soon paralyzed by the great dis- covery of gold, which for a time depopulated the town, leaving the teacher minus pupils, trustees and salary. He therefore closed his school and joined in the general exodus for the mines, the new El Dorado of untold wealth.
In the general excitement and confusion which followed the first rush for the "diggings," the school enterprise was for a time abandoned. The education of the children, who were rapidly increasing from the flood of emigration pouring into San Franciseo from every part of the world, was entirely neglected until the 23d of April, 1849, when the Rev. Albert Williams opened a school in his church.
In October, 1849, Mr. J. C. Pelton and wife opened a school in the basement of the Baptist Church, on Washington, near Stockton Street, and in July, 1850, the " Happy Valley School" was opened in a little dilapidated building, in what was then called " Happy Valley."
THE STATE UNIVERSITY.
This important institution is situated at Berkeley, Alameda County, and is endowed by the various gifts of Congress with Seminary, Building and Agricultural College lands; also with a State endowment from the sale of tide lands, which yields an annual income of $52,000. Its production fund is larger than that of the University of Michigan. It has an able corps of Professors and instructors, some of whom have a national repu- tation. The names of 336 students are upon its catalogue, dis- tributed in the various departments of science and art. Its buildings and grounds arc extensive, and for beauty of situa- tion, or the thoroughness of its instruction in literature and science, it cannot be cxcelled. Its Medical Department is in the city of San Franciseo. The University is free to both sexes.
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