USA > California > Land in California, the story of mission land, ranches, squatters, mining claims, railroad grants, land scrip, homesteads > Part 19
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Childs, O. W., 241-242
Chiles, J. B., 64; Chiles-Walker party, 63
Collier, William, 21
Colonization laws: of 1824, 65-66, 67, 78, 94; of 1828, 66, 67, 77, 83, 94; as to seacoast land, 67-68
Commonwealth Club, publicizes Indian situation, 19
Conness Committee, 140
Cook, S. F., cited on Indians at missions, 12
Cooley, George W., 102
Coronel, Antonio F., 85, 239
Coronel, Ignacio, 31
Covarrubias, José María, 31
Crescent City, under Townsites Act, 165
Crocker, Charles, 153
Croft, Thomas F., 88 Crosby, Elisha Oscar, 109; Crosby and Rose, 102
Dalton, Henry, 127 Dana, William G., 64, 102 Del Valle, Ygnacio, 85
Den, Nicholas A .: owner of Los Dos Pueblos, 71-72; squatters on land of, 126
Departmental Assembly (Territorial Deputation), 67 n. 4, 69, 80, 81-82, 95 Desert-land laws, 170-171 Dickey, William, 64
Domínguez, Juan José; established Rancho San Pedro, 46-47, 56; conces- sion from Fages, 51-52
Dwinelle, John W .: account of grant to Richardson in Colonial History, 200-201; attorney for San Francisco in land claims before district and circuit courts, 233
Eaton, Benjamin S., 86, 87 Echeandía, Governor José María, steps toward secularization, 29 Eddy, William M., Eddy Map, 234
Education, land grants for: 500,000 acres for schools, 185, 190; 1853 grants, 187, 190; "school sections," 187, 190; for agricultural colleges, 187; "lieu lands," 187-188, 191; for University, 188-189; survey, 189-190, 192; sale of, 191 Egan, R., 21 Elliott, T. B., 87; names Pasadena, 89
278
Index
Escrow service, 222 ff., by banks, 223
Estenaga, Father Tómas, 78
Estrada, José Mariano, Rancho Buena Vista regranted to, 53
Estudillo, José María, 63
Estudillo, Magdalena, owner of Otay rancho, 63, 71
Eureka, under Townsites Act, 165
Ewing, Thomas, 92, 93
Fages, Pedro: permission for grazing, 46, 48; grant to Verdugos, 48, 50, to Nieto, 48-49, and authority for, 50-51; appointee of Viceroy, 52
Farwell, Edward A., 64
Farwell, S. B., 102, 239
Felch, Alpheus: quoted on missionary colonization, 28; commissioner, 85, 102
Felis, Vicente, Rancho Los Felis given to, 55, 56
Field, Judge Stephen J., 231
Figueroa, Francisco, 240
Figueroa, José: secularization law under, 29-30; rules for partial conver-
sion of missions to pueblos, 42, 61; San Pascual investigation, 78; issues San Pascual title, 79-81.
Fillmore, President Millard: sends Jones report to Congress, 93; appoints land commissioners, 102
Fletcher, Alice C., quoted on Indian attitude toward land, 6
Fletcher, Calvin, 88
Flores, General José María, Battle of La Mesa, 85
Font, Father Pedro, description of San Francisco presidio, 34
Forests: fraud under Timber and Stone Act, 171-172; reserves, 173; agita- tion for conservation, 173; State Board of Forestry report, 173; con- gressional investigation, 173-174; California administration of, 174; prospecting and homesteading in, 169, 174; lieu selections, 174
Fort Ross, 2, 71
Franciscan order: missions, 11, 23-24; rules against property possession, 95, Free land: demand for, 168; reasons for, 169; ended in 1935, 175 Free Soil Party, homestead plank, 168
Frémont, John Charles: claim to Las Mariposas, 65, 102, 126; court-martial mentioned, 98; bill for settlement of private land claims, 99; squatters and, 126; gold deposits on Las Mariposas, 143-144; validity of title up- held, 144
Fresno Bee, The, article on Mussel Slough, 159
Gálvez, José de, expansionist program, 33
Garfias, Manuel: grant from Micheltorena, 84; claim to San Pascual, 85- 86; hacienda, 86; title, 90
General Land Office, 142; transcript of townsite transmitted to, 166; rec- ommends repeal of preëmption laws, 167; Bureau of Land Management supersedes, 175; issues scrip, 177; certification to state of swamp and overflowed land, 192
279
Index
George, Henry, quoted on mining titles, 138
Gerard, Joseph, 180; and children, 180; scrip issued to, 180 Gillespie, C. V., 215, 216, 227 Gold Rush, 14, 133 ff. See also Mining
Goycoechea, Felipe, report on ranchos, 50 Greene, Daniel M., cessions of Indian lands in Public Land Statutes . . . , 17 Griffin, John S., and San Pascual, 87, 88, 90
Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of: cession of California by Mexico, 3, 13, 85; public and private lands, 3, 106, 109; property rights of Mexicans, 100; land commissioners and, 101; mineral rights under, 145
Guerra y Noriega, José Antonio de la, claims Simi, San Julian, El Conejo, and Las Posas ranchos, 71 Guillen, Doña Eulalia Pérez de, 82 Gutiérrez, Nicolás, 76 Gwin, William M., Gwin bill for private land claims, 99, 100, 109
Halleck, Henry W .: report on Spanish and Mexican land laws, 76, 93, 97- 98; Halleck, Peachy and Williams, 98, 102
Hancock, Henry, Survey, 127, 241, 242
Hansen, George, 240
Hardy, Thomas M., 64
Hart v. Burnett, 231, 233 Hartnell, W. E. P., 93
Hearst, Phoebe A., 18
Hibbard, Benjamin Horace, cited on sale of warrants, 182
Híjar, José María, attempt to colonize Alta California, 29, 31
Hittell, Theodore H .: lists rancho concessions, 55; on San Francisco land squandering, 236 Hodge, Frederick Webb, 6, 18
Hoffman, Ogden: Report of Land Cases, 105; quoted on Limantour claims, 237
Homesteads: 1875 and 1884 legislation for Indian, 17; investigation of claims of Homesteaders Association, 129-130; outgrowth of preëmption concessions, 168; political issue, 168; Homestead Act of 1862, 168-169; 1912 Three Year Law, 169; 1909 and 1912 acts, 169; stock-raising home- steads, 169; in forest-reserve lands, 169; unscientific land policy, 170 Hoopa (Hupa) Valley Indians, 7-8 Hopkins, Mark, 153 Horton, Alonzo Erastus, 206 Huntington, Collis P., 153
Ide, William B., 64 Indian Claims Commission, 20
Indian reservations: treaties, 14, and Senate rejection, 14, 15; overrun in Gold Rush, 14; opposition of white pioneers, 15; waste land, 16; first "treaty reserve" at Tejon Pass, 16-17; present-day California, 17; "mis- sion," 17; future of, 22
280
Index
Indians: population, 5, 13, 16 and n. 1; land tenure, 6; property beliefs, 6-9, 10; property transfers, 9; games, 9; culture, 10, 12; missionization, 11-12, 13, 25-26, and secularization, 13, 30; rights of California, to occupy lands, 11, 13, 95; pueblos, 13, 42, 61; Mexican grants of ranchos, 13, 71, and lots, 45-46; subject to U. S. jurisdiction, 13; tribal lands, 13- 14; commissioners to effect settlement, 14; treaties, 14-15, 19, 20; re- stricted homestead rights, 17; allotments, 17-18; squatting, 18; schools, 18; appropriations for relief, 18; 1928 Jurisdictional Act, 19, and fund to compensate, 19-20; recognized in Laws of the Indies, 75; titles con- flicting with railroad titles extinguished, 150. See also Indian reserva- tions; Treaties
Jackson, Helen Hunt, 18 James, John M., 128 Jimeno Index, 82
Jones, William Carey: explains temporary nature of mission titles, 28; to classify Mexican and Spanish grants, 72, 92; arrival in Monterey, 91- 92; report on land titles, 93-97; counsel for Frémont, 98; son, 98
Jordan, David Starr, 18 Juarez, Cayetano, owner of Rancho Yokaya, 71 Judah, Theodore D., 153 Judson, A. H., Judson, Gillette, and Gibson, 219
Jurisdictional Act, California Indians', of 1928, 19
Karoks: individualistic, 5; culture, 10 Kelsey, C. E., 18-19 and n. 3 Kinney, Abbott, recommendation for forest supervision, 173 Kinney, William, Porterfield scrip issued to, 181
Knight, William, 64
Kroeber, A. L .: Indian cultures, 6 ff .; missionization of Indians, 12
Lake Vineyard Land and Water Association, 161
Lamar, J. B., patent for Town of Mendocino, 166
Land Commission proceedings: San Pascual, 76-77, 82, 85; U. S. patents in confirmation of Spanish or Mexican titles incontestable, 90, 178; Bowman's report, 105-106; 800 claims, 106, 112; squatters and delay in titles, 116, 125
Land Commissioners, Board of: Indian failure to present claims, 15-16; missionary titles before, 28; Act of 1851 creates, 31, 100, 112, 130, 230; authorized to segregate privately owned land from public domain, 31, 230; Church claims, 31 and n. 1; partial rejection of San Francisco pueblo title, 36; 800 claims before, 55-56; liberal attitude, 69; patents, 69, 106; members, 85, 102; duties, 100-102; early claims before, 102; meetings, 102-103; search of titles, 103; proof of possession and use of land, 105; work summarized, 130; segregation, 163; claims filed to San Francisco lands, 237; Los Angeles claims, 238-239 Land Office, Federal, 143
281
Index
Land Settlers League, 128
Land Title (Torrens) Act, 224-226
Larkin, Thomas O .: buys Las Mariposas for Frémont, 144; Benicia sub- division, 205
Las Flores, Pueblita de: story of, 42-43; Indian pueblo, 61
Lassen, Peter, 64
Lasuén, Father Fermín Francisco de, 26
Laws of the Indies: control Spanish colonization and govern ownership, 1, 11; four square leagues to each pueblo, 34 n. 1, 95, 232; outside land for farms and cattle raising, 51; formulated by Council of Indies, 75; recognize Indians as theoretical owners, 75
Lecouvreur, Frank, 241
Leidesdorff, William A., 64
Limantour, José Y., 69, 237
Long Beach, 50
Los Angeles: pueblos deliberately planned, 34, 237, 238; recruiting for, 38; colonization plan, 38-39; tule hut pueblo founded, 39; possession of house and farm lots, 40; confirmation of title and U. S. patent, 41, 60; heart of cattle country, 135, 229, 243; dormant until northern immi- gration and railroads, 164, 230; Ord's survey, 205-206, 240; first auction of city lots, 206, 240; case to Board, 238; rank of city in 1835, 238; 1850 incorporation, 238, 243; claim to sixteen leagues, 238; Board confirms four leagues, 239; 1835 capital, 239; other surveys, 240-241; 1849-1856 sales of lots, 241-242; 1856 confirmation of pueblo ownership, 242, 243; Hancock's Survey, 242; 1866 patent, 242; Southern Extension, 243-244; program of annexation, 244; "Shoestring" annexation of 1906, 244; water rights, 245; area, 245
Los Angeles Star, 14-15; Reid's essays, 74; urges claimants to present claims, 103
Lugo, Antonio María: owner of Rancho San Antonio, 55, 57; Peréz cattle and horses to, 84 Lugo, José del Carmen, 85
Lummis, Charles F., 18, 20, 21, 22
Machado family, cattle grazing permit on La Ballona to, 27, 57
McClatchy, James, 114, 115
McEnerney Act, 225
McKee, Redick, 14
Mckinney, Joseph, 115
McKune, John H., 102
Maidu Indians: land free, 8; fish holes individual property, 8
Maloney, John, 115 f.
Mariné (Mariner), Juan: story of San Pascual, 76-80; married, 82; death, 83; son Fruto, 83
Mariposa, pioneer town, 165
Marshall, James W., gold discovery, 133
Martín, José, attacks priests for enslaving Indians, 29
282
Index
Mason, Governor Richard B., 97, 134; order to abolish Mexican laws on denouncement of mines, 136
Mexican province, California as a: Spanish rule yields to Mexican, 2, 13; Spanish grants respected, 2, 13, 94; period of ranchos, 2, 61; seculariza- tion of missions, 13, 29-30, 61; governors answerable to central govern- ment, 51; land grants to Mexican citizens, 61, 69, 94; 1824 and 1828 rules for colonization, 65-66, 69, 77, 78, 94; size of grants, 92, 112; method of application for grant, 94-95; no reservations of mineral rights, 95, 143, 144-145; validity of titles under, 107, 109, 125; Supreme Court upholds U. S. patent in confirmation of grant under, 125, 145; mining laws, 144-145. See also Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of
Mexican War: close of, 13; Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 13
Micheltorena, Governor Manuel: attempt to restore twelve missions, 30; grant to Garfias, 84; "grant of gold mines" to Alvarado, 95, 114; grant to Miranda, 178; grant to Limantour forged, 237
Michie, Thomas J., 181
Miller, Henry, Miller and Lux, 183, 192
Miller, Joaquin, 146
Mining: ownership of mineral rights under Mexican laws, 95, 143, 144- 145; gold discovery, 133, and Gold Rush, 134 ff .; phases, 135; camp meet- ing rules, 136-137; size of claims, 137; source of title, 137; regulations of Rock Ditch and Mining District, 138-139; notices, 139; race restrictions, 139; local jurisdiction, 140; 1848-1866 regulations and customs, 141; Act of 1866 confirms miners' rights, 141; Act of 1872 codifies common law of miners, 141-142; 1909 California statutes on titles, 142-143; min- eral lands excepted from Railroad Act, 151, from school lands, 190-191 Miranda, Juan, Micheltorena's grant of Rancho Arroyo de San Antonio to, 178
Missions: twenty-one Franciscan, 11, 23-24; Serra's plan for chain of, 11-12, 23, 24; Indians at, 11, 12, 13, 25-26; secularization, 13, 24-25, 29-30, 58, 61, and ensuing land rush, 30; life, 24; temporary character, 24-25, 95; El Camino Real connecting, 25; land monopolizing by, 25, 28; system, 25; area, 25; self-sufficing units, 25-26; feudal activities, 25-26; oppose rancho movement, 26-28; Micheltorena's attempt to restore, 30; governmental decrees for sale and renting, 30, 67 and n. 4; Church claims of acreage, 31 and n. 3; list of, 31 n. 3; villages spring up out of decay of secularized, 61; 1845 and 1846 governmental decrees authorizing disposition of land, 67 and n. 4; transformed into parish churches, 76; Jones report, 95
Mofras, Duflot de, description of a presidio, 35
Mohaves: an organized tribe, 5; farm land, 8-9, and title disputes, 9 Monterey presidio: Spanish flag yields to Mexican, 2; building of presidio 34; title upheld by U. S., 60; Sloat takes possession, 69, 105, 204; 1849 description, 91; constitutional convention, 92, 185; deserted by gold seekers, 134
Moraga, José Joaquín de: founding of pueblo of San José, 37; commis- sioner, 40
Index 283
Moraga, Vicente, 79 Moran, Michael, 115 More, Thomas, owner of Rancho Sespe, 127 Mormon settlers: owners of Rancho San Bernardino, 127; and squatters, 127-128; as miners, 134
Morrell, Benjamin, on population of San Francisco presidio, 36 Morrow, William W., on validity of land grants, 105-106, 109 Morton, Frew, acquires White Rock Island with scrip, 179 Muir, John, agitation for forest reserves, 173 Mussel Slough, 159-160
National Indian Association, 18; schools, 18 Navarro, Galindo, opinion on land grants, 51
Neve, Felipe de: site hunting for pueblos, 37; Reglamento for pueblo establishment, 38-39, 238
New Helvetia, Sutter's private "fortress," 60-61 New York Courier and Independent, Hartwell's articles for transconti- nental railroad, 149
Nichols, John G., urges Los Angeles claims, 238
Nieto, Manuel Pérez: Mission San Gabriel objects to, 27; grant from Fages, 48-50; owner of Los Nietos (La Zanja), 56 Norris, Frank, story of Mussel Slough in The Octopus, 159
Oakland: Rancho San Antonio site of, 53, 116; squatters, 116
O'Farrell, Jasper: maps San Francisco, 203; partition of San José Rancho, 203 Olvera, Agustín, 31, 85, 239 Ord, E. O. C., survey of Los Angeles, 206, 240
Ord, Pacificus, 239
Orduno, Ramon, description of property deeded to Stearns, 202
Ortega, José Francisco de, El Refugio Rancho granted to, 53, 56; son José María, 53 Otay, most southerly rancho, 63 Outside lands, 46; Laws of the Indies on grants of, 51; Outside Lands Ordinance, 236
Padrés, José María, attempt to colonize Alta California, 29, 31
Pala Valley reservation: a "mission" reservation, 17; forced removal of Indians to, 20, 22
Palomares, Ygnacio, part owner of Rancho San José, 30, 203 Partridge, Clarence L., 21
Pasadena: original site, 87; beginning of, 88-89; name, 89 Peralta, Domingo, 102
Peralta, Luís María: quarrel with Mission Dolores, 27; Rancho San Antonio granted to, 53, 57; advice to sons on Gold Rush, 133 Peralta, Pablo, part owner of Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, 55, 56 Peralta, Vicente, 102
284
Index
Pérez, José: buys Fruto's interest in San Pascual, 83; "denounces" San Pascual, 83; grant, 84
Petaluma, established under 1864 act, 166
Pico, Pío: regulations for sale and renting of mission lands, 30; transfer of Las Flores to Andrés Pico and, 42; last Mexican governor, 59; Monterey speech, 59-60; deposition for Garfias, 85; probability of ante- dating grants, 98; grant to Robbins, 128
Pico family, Simi Rancho granted to, 55, 56
Pierce, President Franklin, appointment of Board of Land Commis- sioners, 102
Pomo Indians, salt deposit, 8
Population of California: in 1846, 60; in 1853, 135; since 1850, 175
Portezuelo Rancho, abandoned, 50, 55
Portolá, Gaspar de: expedition reaches San Diego, 11; members of expedi- tion mentioned, 46, 53
Powers, Jack, 126
Preëmption rights: to individuals in 1841, 165; to towns in Townsites Act, 165; defined, 167; legality, 167; certificate of, 167; Act of 1841 ap- plied to California, 167; all laws repealed, 167; 1853-1891 titles under, 167-168; part in settlement of California, 168. See also Homesteads
Presidios: four established, 11, 12; in Spain's threefold colonization plan, 24, 33; pueblos developed around, 34, 35-36; sites, 34-35; pattern for construction, 35; "King's Farm," 35; military outposts, 35; recognized as pueblos, 35-36. See also Monterey; San Diego; San Francisco; Santa Barbara
Promontory, Utah, celebration, 147, 150, 161-162
Prudon, Victor, 31
Public domain: "public lands" unconveyed under Spanish or Mexican authority, 2; to U. S. under Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 3; "state lands" granted by Congress to California, 3; Indian land, 15-16, 17 and n. 2; settlers on, 43; Committee on Public Lands and Surveys, 129-130; segregation, 163; reclamation and education, 164, 186; federal laws for, after 1848, 164; auction sales, 166-167; squandering by homestead laws, 170; Timber and Stone Act, 171-172; "isolated" tract, 172; forest re- serves, 173-174; national parks, 174; withdrawal from private entry,
175; amount remaining, 175; grants for sales conducted by state, 186 Pueblo Indians, clan property, 8
Pueblos: three established, 12; Indian, 13, 42, 61; in Spain's colonization plan, 24, 37; 1934 decline in population, 31; presidial, 34, 60; of San José and Los Angeles planned, 34; four square leagues of, 34 and n. 1, 40, 51, 95; founding of San José, 37; ayuntamiento and alcalde, 40; claims to landownership, 41; title held in trust, 41, 42; confirmation of titles and patent, 41, 60; land grants to private owners, 42; grants by governor of outside land, 51; in 1846, 60; expanded by gold-rush set- tlers, 164; titles by petition and grant, 200; denouncement and new petitions, 200. See also Branciforte; Los Angeles; Monterey; San Diego; San Francisco; San José; Santa Barbara; Sonoma
285
Index
Railroads: ceremony of golden spike, 147, 150, 161-162; story of Central Pacific, 147, 150, 152 ff .; Union Pacific, 147, 150; antecedents of, and 1835 and 1850 grants, 148; right of way under Acts of 1862 and 1864, 150, 151, 154, and alternate sections, 151; bonded debt guaranteed, 152; Southern Pacific, 153, 155-161; Atchison, Topeka, & Santa Fe, 153, 156, 158; California acreage to, 157; rate reductions, 157-158; clash with settlers, 158 ff .; towns, 165.
Rancho Arroyo de San Antonio, 178
Rancho Azusa de Dalton, 125, 127
Rancho Bolsa del Potrero y Moro Cojo, 57
Rancho Buena Vista, 27, 53, 56
Rancho Cañada de los Alisos, diseño of, 70
Rancho Cañada de los Osos Pecho y Islay, 71
Rancho Chico, 126
Rancho El Encino, 55, 245
Rancho El Pilar, 55
Rancho El Refugio, 53, 56
Rancho Ex-Mission de San Fernando, 69, 71, 128, 245
Rancho Huerta de Cuati, 71
Rancho La Ballona, 27, 57, 245
Rancho La Brea (Las Animas), 27, 52, 56, 245
Rancho La Merced, diseño of, 96
Rancho La Sanja (La Zanja), 48
Rancho Las Bolsas, 50
Rancho Las Cienegas, 245
Rancho Las Mariposas, 65, 95, 102, 126, 143, 144
Rancho Las Posas, 71
Rancho Las Pulgas, 56, 102
Rancho Las Salinas, 53, 56, 202
Rancho Las Virgenes, 56
Rancho Lomas de Santiago, 129
Rancho Los Alamitos, 50
Rancho Los Cerritos, 50, 119
Rancho Los Coyotes, 27, 50
Rancho Los Dos Pueblos, 72
Rancho Los Felis, 55, 56, 245
Rancho Los Nietos, 50, 56
Rancho Los Palos Verdes, 47, 129
Rancho Muniz, 71
Rancho Nipoma, 102 Rancho Otay, 63
Rancho Portezuelo, 50, 55
Rancho Providencia, 245
Rancho Rincón de los Bueyes, 57, 245
Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas, 30, 57
Rancho Salsipuedes, 57
Rancho San Antonio, in Alameda County, 27-28, 53, 57, 102, 116, 133
286
Index
Rancho San Antonio, in Los Angeles County, 55, 57
Rancho San Bernardino, 127
Rancho San Buenaventura, 61, 63
Rancho San Francisquito, 76
Rancho San José, in Los Angeles County, 30, 127, 203, 218 Rancho San José de Buenos Ayres, diseño of, 54, 57
Rancho San José del Valle (Warner's Ranch), 20-22 passim
Rancho San Julian, 71
Rancho San Pascual, 73-90
Rancho San Pedro, 26, 47, 56, 245
Rancho San Rafael, 27, 48, 56, 76
Rancho San Ysidro, 56
Rancho Santa Anita, 75-76; diseño of, 108
Rancho Santa Catalina, 65
Rancho Santa Cruz, 65, 145
Rancho Santa Gertrudes, 49, 50
Rancho Santa Margarita y Las Flores, 42-43
Rancho Santa Rosa, 65
Rancho Santa Teresa, 57
Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, 55, 56
Rancho Sausal Redondo, 57, 245
Rancho Sespe, 127
Rancho Simi, 55, 56, 71
Rancho Suisun, 71, 102
Rancho Tajauta, diseño of, 104
Rancho Topanga Malibu Sequit, 27, 56, 129
Rancho Tularcitos, 57
Rancho Vega del Rio del Pajaro, 57
Rancho Yokaya, 71
Ranchos: in Spanish period, 1; in Mexican regime, 2; titles from Spanish or Mexican authorities, 2, 61, 65; 1784 beginning, 26, 45, 46; missionaries resisted, 26 ff .; 300 out of mission-held land after secularization, 31, 58, 61, 65; lands to veterans of Spanish army of occupation, 45-58; outside pueblo and presidio boundaries, 46; original concessions from Fages, 50-51; list of Spanish period, 56-57, 61; rancho map of, 46, 61, 63-65, 69, 71; "central valley," 63-64; rancheros, 64, 71; islands off shore, 65; 1824 and 1828 regulations, 65-67, 69; size, 69, 71; antedated grants thrown out, 69; Indian, 71; names, 72; mining laws not applicable to Spanish and Mexican grants, 143; obtained on petition, 199; reversion and denouncement and new petition, 200
Reading, Pierson B., 63, 134 Real estate, buying and selling, 199 ff.
Reclamation: lands granted to California for, 164, 186; proceeds from "swamp and overflowed" lands, 186, 191, 192
Recording system, American, 206, 207, 213, 214
Records: Mexican 1828 regulations for, 66-67; early, 200-202; Recorder's Office, 86, 207; Benton's demand for, 99; "recording system," 206-207,
287
Index
213, 214; first legislature adopts, 206, 213; auxiliary private agencies, 214; transition from "conveyancing" to abstracting, 216; "abstract of title," 216-218; "certificate of title," 218-219; title insurance, 220-227; escrow, 222-224; title registration, 224-226
Red Bluff, under Townsites Act, 165
Redding, B. B., 63, 161
Reid, Hugo, 64; essays in Los Angeles Star, 74, 76
Reid, Victoria: wife of Hugo Reid, 71, 74; owner of Rancho Huerta de Cuati, 71
Requena, Manuel, 239
Reyes, Francisco, abandons Rancho El Encino, 55
Richardson, William A., 36, 200
Ritchie, Archibald, 102
Rivera y Moncada, Fernando Javier: recruiting for Los Angeles pueblo, 38, 39; Butron's grant, 46
Robbins, Tómas M., Santa Catalina granted to, 65, 128
Rouleau, F. A., 227
Rouleau, O. A., 235
Royce, Charles C., story of Indian reservations, 16
Russians. See Fort Ross
Sacramento: squatters, 114, and Sutterites, 114; Sutter lays out, 114, 205; miners' town, 137; 1849 auction sale of lots, 205
Sales, Francisco, little rancho in San Gabriel Valley, 69
San Diego presidio (Old Town): California's first, 34; title upheld by U. S., 60; dormant until railroads, 164, 206; New San Diego laid out, 206 San Dieguito pueblo, Indian pueblo, 42, 61
San Francisco: presidio site, 34, 229; beginning, 35; common council, 36; officially recognized as pueblo, 36, 60, 113; name changed from Yerba Buena, 36, 230, 234; Congress relinquishes land to, 36; court battle for landownership, 41, 230; squatters, 113-114, 235, and municipal recogni- tion, 114; impact of Gold Rush, 135, 230, 232, 235; O'Farrell map, 203, 234; rebuff on four square leagues, 230-231, 233; title by decree of 1865; survey, 231; patents, 232; municipal corporation, 233; Bartlett Map, 234; Eddy Map of 1851, 234; Van Ness Ordinance, 235; Outside Lands Ordinance, 236
San Gabriel Mission: location, 75; place in history, 75; secularization, 76, Gutiérrez in charge, 76
San Gabriel Orange Grove Association, 88, 89
San José pueblo: founding of, 37; colonization plan, 37, 38; possession of house and farm lots, 40; confirmation of title and U. S. patent, 41, 60 San Juan Capistrano, Indian pueblo, 42
San Pascual, El Rincón de: Indian pueblo, 61; chain of title, 73 ff .; Indians, 74; Spanish occupation, 74-75; jurisdiction of San Gabriel Mission, 75; sheep and cattle ranch in mission period, 76; secularization, 76; Mariné acquisition, 76-82; Fruto sells interest, 83; grant voided, 83; "denounced," 83, 84; Alvarado's provisional grant to Pérez and
288
Index
San Pascual, El Rincón de (Continued)
Sepúlveda, 84, and Micheltorena's formal grant, 84; Garfias claim ap- proved, 85-86; Cathedral Oak, 86; deeded to Wilson and Griffin, 87; title to San Gabriel Orange Grove Association, 88; Pasadena, 87-90 Sánchez, Father José Bernardo, 76, 78, 82
Santa Barbara presidio: site, 35; pueblo title upheld by U. S., 60
Santa María, Father, site-hunting expedition, 26; letter to Father Lasuén, 26
School lands. See Education, land grants for
Scrip certificates, 131; help in settling' California, 173, 181; Valentine scrip, 177-179 passim, assignable, 178; Gerard scrip, 180; Sioux half- breed scrip, 180-181; Porterfield, 181; as currency in California, 183; for agricultural colleges, 183; in payment of preëmption claims, 183. See also Bounty warrants
Secularization. See Missions
Segregation: of privately claimed lands from public domain, 163, 174; Taylor Grazing Act for grassland, 175
Semple, Robert, plans Benicia, 205
Sepúlveda, Enrique: San Pascual "denounced" by Pérez and, 83; grant of San Pascual, 84
Sequoya League, 18
Serra, Fray Junípero: chain of missions, 11-12, 24; empire, 31; approves Butron grant, 46
Sespe Settlers League, 127
Settlers: Spanish-speaking, 11; Híjar and Padrés colonization attempts, 29, 31; Fages allotments to, 51; land rush after secularization, 30-31; around presidios, 34, 35, 36; at San José, 37, 40; recruiting for, for Los Angeles, 38, 39, 40; Neve's colonization plan, 38-39; formal possession of lots, 40-41; on public lands, 43, 163 ff .; coming of Yankees, 60; rules of Mexican Congress for colonization, 65-57, 69; railroad clashes with, 158 ff .; await segregation of land from public domain, 163; with Gold Rush, 163-164; rise of towns and cities, 165-166; at auction sales, 166; preëmption, 166-167. See also Homesteads; Scrip; Squatters
Shasta Indians: fish dams, 8; Atsugewi hunting claims, 8
Shillaber, Theodore, lease to Rincon Point, 113
Shinn, Charles Howard, cited on number of placer camps, 138
Shoshonean Indians, 10; Gabrielinos' coast property and Santa Catalina, 12
Sloat, Commodore John Drake: possession of Monterey, 69, 105, 204; proclamation, 204
Smiley Commission, 18
Smith, Jedediah, first overland expedition to California, 60
Soberanes, José María, Rancho Buena Vista occupied by, 53, 56
Solá, Governor Pablo Vicente de: cedes Rancho San Antonio to Peralta, 28; grants to soldiers, 52
Solano, Francisco, Suisun rancho, 71
Soledad, María de la, claim filed to Las Pulgas, 102
289
Index
Sonoma pueblo, formed under Mexican laws, 41, 60
Spanish-California rancheros, 71
Spanish period: 1769 occupation, 1, 33; under expansionist program, 11,
33; colonization begun, 24; threefold plan, 24, 33, 37, 75; missions sub- ject to secularization, 24-25, 29; authority in Viceroy, 51; military com- mandant chief local authority, 51, 93; "Spanish grants," 52; Viceroy's 1773 instructions, 93; grants to officers and soldiers, 93-94; respected by Mexican government, 94; rights of Christianized Indians, 95; validity of grants, 107, 109; Supreme Court upholds, 125; mining laws not appli- cable to Spanish grants, 143
Sprague, F. A., murders Thomas More, 127
Squatters: Indian, 18; land policies of government influenced by, 111; in California, 111 ff .; mob law, 113 ff .; San Francisco, 113-114, 235-237; Sacramento riots, 114, 115; political power, 116; court battles, 116, 125; shotgun battles, 126 ff .; Sespe Settlers League, 127; Land Settlers League, 128; promoter-induced squatterism, 128; "Dust Bowl" migrants, 131; Gold Rush, 144, 235; land titles unsettled, 164
Stanford, Leland: golden spike ceremony, 147; "Big Four," 153
State lands: granted by Congress out of public domain, 3; story of, 185- 197; State Lands Act of 1938, 195; patents from state do not transfer oil and minerals, 197; incorporated within public resources code, 197
Stearns, Abel, 84, 85, 202
Stephenson, Terry E., story of Las Flores, 42
Stockton: miners' town, 135; pioneer town, 165; 1849 survey, 205; founded as Tuleburg, 205
Subdivisions, 204 ff .; after 1850, 209-210; boom of 1880's, 210; laws for, 210 Surveys: Vioget survey of New Helvetia, 203; Act of 1853 provision for surveyor general, 208; rectangular, 208; lack of surveyors, 202
Sutter, John A .: Russians sell equipment to, 2; New Helvetia, 60-61; Fort, 63; Sacramento, 114; Vioget survey, 203
Swamp and overflowed lands, 186, 191-193
Talamantes family, cattle grazing permit on La Ballona, 27, 57
Taylor Grazing Act of 1934, 175
Temple, Francis P., Alcatraz Island granted to, 95
Temple, John T., 64, 119, 240
Territorial Deputation. See Departmental Assembly
Theodore Payne & Co., 215
Thomas, Robert H., 64
Thompson, R. Augustus, 85 f., 102
Thornton, Harry I., 102
Tide lands: three-mile wide stripe of submerged land owned by Cali- fornia, 3, 193; Supreme Court 1947 decision, 3, 193, 196; submerged lands, 193-196
Timber-culture laws, 170; Timber and Stone Act of 1878, 170, 171-172 Title insurance, origin, development and use of, 214 ff. See also Records
290
Index
Titles, land: pueblo, 41; private deeds from municipality, 41-42; of "Spanish grants," 52; after 1828 land laws, 65; chain of, 73; Jones report, 93-97; Gwin's opinion, 99; delay in, 106-107; shotgun, 111 ff .; source of Gold Rush, 137, 138, 141, 142-143; under preëmption laws, 167-168; Land Title Act, 224-226; of San Francisco, 231; of Los Angeles confirmed, 242, 243. See also Records; Title insurance
Toomes, Albert G., 64
Torrens (Land Title) Act, 224-226; Torrens Land Transfer Act of Aus- tralia, 224; McEnerney Act, compared with, 225
Torrens, Sir Robert, 224
Torres, Manuel, owner of Rancho Muniz, 71
Towns: Gold-Rush centers, 164; railroad towns, 165; pioneer, 165; "federal townsites," 165, 166; Townsites Act of 1844, 165, and amendments, 166 Treadwell, Edward F., story of Miller empire, 192, 193
Treaties, Indian: of 1851 and 1852, 14, 16; Indians relinquished lands, 14; right to occupy areas, 14; promises in, 14; Senate rejects eighteen, 15; "treaty" reservation, 16; in Senate archives until 1905, 19; fund to compensate, 19-20
Ugarte, Commandante General, Fages letter to, listing additional grants, 50
University of California: 1849 constitution provision for, 185-186; created and organized, 188; eight campuses, 188; title in Regents, 189; land grants, 188
Váldez, María Rita, Rodeo de las Aguas granted to, 57
Valentine, Thomas B .: scrip, 177, 178-179; Act for the Relief of, 178
Vallejo, Mariano Guadalupe: Benicia site bought from, 205; suggests "Vallejo line," 230-231
Van Ness Ordinance, 235
Vejar, Ricardo, part owner of San José Rancho, 30, 203
Verdugo, José María, grantee of Rancho San Rafael, 27, 47-48, 56
Verdugo, Mariano de la Luz, Portezuelo land concession, 50, 55
Viceroy: supreme authority in New Spain, 51, 52; land grants, 94. See also Bucareli
Villavicencio, Felix, 39, 41
Vioget, Jean Jacques (John), survey of New Helvetia, 203, 234
Waldemar, A. F., 240-241
Warner, William H., survey of Sacramento, 205
Warner's Ranch (Rancho San José del Valle): Blacktooth's speech, 21; Mexican grant, 21-22; Indians moved to Pala Valley from, 22
Waugh, G. W., 215 Webb, U. S., 19 Whitney, Asa, for transcontinental railroad, 149 Williams, James, 64 Wilson, Benjamin D., 87, 88, 90, 240
1
291
Index
Wilson, James, 102
Wilson John, 64, owner of Rancho Cañada de los Osos Pecho y Islay, 71 Woodland, J. M., 123 Wozencraft, O. M., negotiations with Indians, 14
Yankee rancheros, 64
Yerba Buena: within four square leagues of presidio, 36, 229-230, 232; town lots granted, 36; name change, 36, 230; Vioget survey, 203, 234; ayuntamiento, 232-233. See also San Francisco
Yorba, José Antonio: in Fages' Catalonian volunteers, 55; Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, 55, 56
Yuroks: individualistic, 5, 7; real and personal property, 7, 10; north- western culture, 10
Zamorano, Agustín V., 81; Zamorano document, 231
W. W. Robinson, vice-president of Title Insurance and Trust Com- pany, Los Angeles, is the author of several other books on California, many of which present little- . known stories about the state. Among them are: Ranchos Become Cities, The Forest and the People, The Island of Santa Catalina, The Story of Pershing Square, What They Say About the Angels, and a series of booklets on the origins of towns in Los Angeles County. He has also contributed articles to many western magazines. In col- laboration with his wife, Irene, a painter and illustrator, he has writ- ten a series of animal books for children.
HIS BOOK is one of the CHRONICLES
OF CALIFORNIA, a series of books about the significant epochs of California history. The series covers the events and phases in the state's past which were most influential in the development of California. Topics range from the history of the early missionary empire to a detailed story of the dis- covery of gold and the gold rush; from a picture of Cali- fornia under Spanish rule to discussions of labor, politics, and agriculture. The authors' approach to the material is fresh and vigorous, and the books contain a great deal of previously unpublished information. Each volume in the series is complete in itself and has a separate title. The University of California Press presents CHRONICLES OF CALIFORNIA in celebration of California's centennial.
Other Titles in the Series
CALIFORNIA PICTORIAL, by Jeanne Van Nostrand and Edith Coulter. California's story from 1785 to 1859 told in paintings and drawings by "on-the-spot" observers. $10.00 GOLD IS THE CORNERSTONE, by John W. Caughey. The story of California's gold told in human-interest terms. $4.00
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Address: BERKELEY 4, CALIFORNIA
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