USA > California > San Francisco County > San Francisco > The builders of a great city : San Francisco's representative men, the city, its history and commerce : pregnant facts regarding the growth of the leading branches of trade, industries and products of the state and coast > Part 11
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was limited indeed, and who not infrequently served to hopelessly en- tangle magistrates as well as them- selves and the litigants in the end- less mazes resulting from a mixture of Mexican and American law. In 1846 the want of law books seriously embarrassed those who tried to prac- tice, and many amusing complica- tions were the result. In one in- stance a smart practitioner borrow- ed his opponent's law book for a few minutes-it was the only one in Yerba Buena-and having got the law therefrom, unexpectedly and tri- umphantly floored his adversary, who, though the possessor of the book, seems to have been entirely ignorant of its contents. By de- grees, however, law books and law- yers, too, began to find their way to San Francisco, and some of the most eminent of our practitioners found honor and reward in the practice of their profession in the rising city. Amongst those early professors we may note Alcalde Hyde, who re- cently died ; Col. John W. Geary, first Alcalde under American rule ; the well-known Hall McAllister, who was here in the days of forty-eight ; Horace Hawes, Prosecuting Attor- ney in 1848-9 ; Myron Norton and John J. Lippett of the same epoch ; L. W. Hastings, E. P. Jones, Chas. E. Pickett, Col. Russell, Col. J. D. Stevenson in 1850, and H. P. Hepburn in the same year. Amongst the lead- ing attorneys in 1849 were J. B. Hart, Michael T. O'Connor, Frank Turk and Temple Emmet Peachy, besides others already mentioned. Judge Leander Quint sat on the bench in the early fifties.
The San Francisco Bar Association was organized April 20, 1872, and has had a most beneficial effect in raising and keeping up the status of the profession, and in purifying its ranks of the unworthy and ignoble. It has two hundred members, the peers in intellectuality, honesty, earn- estness and patriotism of any body of citizens in the country. Its ob-
78
BUILDERS OF A GREAT CITY.
jects are to sustain the honor and dignity of the profession, and to in- crease its usefulness in the promo- tion of the due administration of justice, and cultivate social inter- course amongst its members. Its headquarters are at 123 Post street. E. R. Taylor is the President, F. T. Deering, Secretary ; B. A. Hayne, Corresponding Secretary, and John M. Burnett, Treasurer.
The San Francisco Law Library Association was organized in 1865. The library has 29,831 volumes. It is located at the new City Hall. The officers are J. P. Hoge, Presi- dent ; Ralph C. Harrison, Treasurer ; J. H. Deering, Secretary and Libra- rian. It is supported by a contribu- tion of $1 made by each plaintiff when commencing suit in our courts.
The following picture of law and lawyers in the early days is from the pen of George W. Hyde, lately de- ceased: A suit in reference to some matter connected with the affairs of the City Hotel was brought before Washington A. Bartlett, then Al- calde; Jones and Pickett counsel for plaintiff, Hyde for defense. Plain- tiff's attorneys demanded a jury at the last moment. The Alcalde was willing, but required a deposit of $100 to be made in court by the parties litigant, as security for pay- ment of jurors, as there was no law here to secure payment of jury. Defendant's counsel was agreeable. Plaintiff's counsel objected, but after some talk the Alcalde accepted the word of honor of counsel to pay the jury fees, whichever side lost. Trial followed next day, and the result was a verdict for defendants at the end of the week. Plaintiff's coun- sel laughed at the Alcalde, alleging that he had no right to summon a jury, when he demanded the money.
When Mr. Hyde was appointed to the office while Bartlett was held prisoner by the Mexicans, another cause was brought by these gentle- men in reference to a contract to fur- nish hay. In this case a jury was de-
manded ; Hyde consented, provid- ing a deposit of $100 was made in court by the contestants to secure payment of jury fees. They de- clined to deposit. After some little talk, the Alcalde, Hyde, suggested that the matter be referred to the Commandant on appeal, and if de- cided in their favor, all right. The question was referred and the Com- mandant decided against them, and also submitted that they must also pay the fees in the first cause tried be- fore Bartlett. Hence the squibs in the Star assailing Hyde for denying an American citizen the right of trial by jury, joined with a mendacious allegation of the Alcalde smoking in court during court hours. Before and after these hours the room was Hyde's private home, where he lived, having been obliged to take the office there when the authorities took military possession of the Cus- tom House, where the office had been located.
The following are the dates of arri- val of some of our older lawyers :
NAME. DATE OF ARRIVAL.
Broderick, David C .... Jan. 13, 1849
Cole, Cornelius. . .July 20, 1849
Chadbourne, Jabes .. Aug. - , 1849
Dwinelle, Sam'l H. . Oct. - , 1849
Gorham, Geo. C. Dec. 19, 1849
Hawes, Horace. Apr. 4, 1849
Highton, Henry E . Oct. 3, 1849
Halleck, Bailey and
Billings . -, 1850
Halleck, Henry W. Jan. 23, 1847
Haight, Henry H. Jan. - , 1850
Hyde Geo ... July 15, 1846
McAllister, Hall June 4, 1849
Sargent, Aaron A Dec. 13, 1849
Winans, Joseph W Aug. 29, 1849
Yale, Gregory Dec. 28, 1849
THE STAGE.
" All the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely play- ers." Thus writes one of, if not the greatest poet of all time, and the force of his pithy lines is by no means lessened when applied to events and things, manners and
79
SAN FRANCISCO.
men in San Francisco, and is there- fore especially applicable to the fol- lowing pages. It is not of that, however, that we would now dis- course, but rather of the rise and progress of the stage in San Fran- cisco. It is worthy of much broader treatment as also of a much more exhaustive one than can here be given to it. In this brief refer- ence we touch merely its material aspect, and that solely on account of the prominent business standing of many of its leading representatives. It employs capital of $3,000,000, while not less than four to five hun- dred people of all degrees and shades of excellence in tragedy, comedy, music, and the kindred arts minister to the enjoyment and culti- vated tastes of a fastidious and dis- criminating public.
Generally blessed with abundance of means, either as successful miners or as rich and well-to-do business men, San Francisco was early a liberal patron of anything meritor- ious bearing any relation to the stage. The first style of amusement was that afforded by the ever-popu- lar circus. Early in 1849 a Mr. Rowe started one at the corner of Kearny and Clay streets. The per- formance was, as usual, given under canvas. A Mr. Foley established an- other in the course of the same year. As the population was rapidly aug- menting there was room enough for both. The general admission was $3, while the private stalls command- ed as much as $55 each. Notwith- standing this high price both places were crowded. The first concert was given June 22d of the same year by Stephen C. Massett. The price of seats was $3 which seemed to have at that time been the generally rec- ognized tariff. There were only four ladies present, a fact which testified to the absence of lovely woman from the scenes and pursuits of that early epoch. The first theater in the State was the Eagle Theater at Sacra- mento. It was a canvas structure
with a gambling house in front-we suppose to lend spice and variety to the scenes from the tamer life of other lands depicted on its boards. The Eagle Theater Company gave in Washington Hall, in San Francisco, January 16, 1850, the first perform- ance of the kind ever witnessed in our city. The play was "The Wife," with an afterpiece, "The Sentinel; or, The Deserted Post." The principal actors were Messrs. Atwater, Wright, Daly, Mckay and Mrs. Frank Ray. The venture was a pronounced suc- cess, but at the end of the week the treasurer lost the proceeds at monte and the company broke up. We cannot, however, regard the act of the defaulting official as at all typi- cal of the times. After this the theater languished for a while, but finally people wanted something bet- ter than the circus could give them, and Mr. Rowe added a stage to this establishment. It was very popular and he made money and reputation both by the venture.
But the time had come for a legi- timate theater, and in April, 1850, a little one was established on Mont- gomery street. This was followed in September of the same year by the Jenny Lind Theater on Kearny street near Washington. Another was built on Clay street, but lacked prestige, and never was able to make its way into popular regard. The Jenny Lind, destroyed by fire, was rebuilt by Mr. Thomas Maguire, and had a new lease of public favor, but was eventually sold to the City and County of San Francisco for $200,- 000 in July, 1852, and is now known as the old City Hall. But both as theater and municipal palace, it had long outlived its usefulness. The old Adelphi was erected in 1851 on Dupont, near Clay, while the Amer- ican Theater became a caterer for the public patronage on Sansome street near California on October 20th, of the same year. The San Francisco Hall was opened on Christ- mas eve of the next year. Miss
80
BUILDERS OF A GREAT CITY.
Laura Keene, the celebrated actress, opened the Union in 1853. The Olympic, too, came forward as an aspirant for popular favor, while the old and long famous Metropolitan opened its doors to the public in the same year. Its first production was that sterling old comedy, "The School for Scandal." The house noted served the public well for many a day, and it was not till long after that San Francisco enjoyed the luxury of a new theater. On Janu- ary 11, 1864, Maguire's Opera House was opened with "Mazeppa" as the attraction. Subsequently, on the appearance of Edwin Forrest as Virginius, a gentleman paid as high as $1,000 for a choice of seats. The old California was opened in 1867 under the management of John Mc- Cullough and Lawrence Barrett, and at once became the theater of San Francisco. It filled a place that hitherto had been supplied by no other. Its stock company was one of the best in the world, including such actors as Keene, Wilson, Edwards, Mccullough, Barrett, and Mesdames Saunders, Bateman and Judah. Mr. Barrett soon after re- tired, and Mr. Mccullough became the sole lessee, with Mr. Barton Hill as acting manager. But the stock company was finally broken up and scattered. This was the scene of some of Mccullough's greatest tri- umphs, while nearly all the leading people of the profession at one time or another have trodden its boards.
After being closed for a long time, the old California was torn down in December, 1888, and the new one opened in May, 1889, with Booth and Barrett as attractions. Upwards of $20,000 was taken in as premiums on that occasion. It is in its ap- pointments one of the finest theaters on this continent. With Mr. Al Hayman as proprietor and Mr. Harry Mann as manager, it has all the promise of a most successful theatrical venture.
The Bush was on the north side of
the street above Montgomery, and is now known as the Standard. As such it was long a favorite with the lovers of minstrelsy, and has witnessed some of the triumphs of several actors and actresses of note, Emer- son amongst them. Of late years it has been unsuccessful.
The Alhambra Theater (now the New Bush) on the south side of the street has long been successful under the proprietorship of Mr. M. B. Leavitt and the management of J. J. Gottlob.
The Baldwin Theater was built in 1875 by E. J. Baldwin in connection with the hotel of the same name, and has quite an eventful history. It is one of the handsomest theaters in the West. It was opened in 1876 by Barry Sullivan in "Richard III." Most of the renowned actors and actresses have played their parts on its stage. Barry Sullivan, Booth and Barrett, Madame Modjeska, Bern- hardt, Salvini, Wilson Barrett, Flor- ence, Rignold, and a host of lesser lights, bave delighted the San Fran- cisco public during the later years. The leading American and European combinations have appeared on its boards. It was not a remarkable success until Al Hayman took charge. Since then it has been a fortune to its manager. It has a seating capa - city of 1,602.
The Alcazar, built by M. H. de Young of the Chronicle, and opened November 16, 1885, has been one of the most successful of San Francisco theaters. It is located on O'Farrell street between Stockton and Powell, just where the residence portion of our city begins north of Market street. The famous singer Emma Nevada was the attraction on the opening night, and has been followed by first-class performances ever since. The seating capacity is about 1,100. The interior is of Moorish design and abounds in elegant fresco work on a ground of stucco. The floor is covered with richly colored carpets, while the seats are cushioned
81
SAN FRANCISCO.
with velvet. Messrs. George Wall- enrod, L. R. Stockwell and S. O. Willey are the managers.
The Powell Street Theater, opened early this year, has, as yet, been financially a failure.
The Tivoli Opera House was opened in 1879 by the Kreling Brothers, and as a place where light and comic opera has been given at popular prices has achieved success. Grand opera has also been produced there. There is no other place of amusement on the coast where such excellent performances are given where the price of admission is only 25 cents, with 25 cents extra for an excellent reserved seat.
The Orpheum, opposite the Alca- zar, on O'Farrell street, was opened on June, 1887, to give the public cheap music after the European style, Mr. Gustav Walter being the proprietor.
The Grand Opera House, one of
the finest theaters in America, built in 1873, has been known also as Wade's Opera House, and has witnessed some notable triumphs of the dramatic art, but for a long time it remained closed, and for some in- explicable reason has not achieved the success that it should and ought.
Besides those already mentioned there was the Bijou opened by Mr. William Emerson in 1889, subse- quently known as the Casino, but now closed.
A new temple of the drama will soon be opened on Market and Hayes streets, while still another has been projected to be built on the site of the old St. Ignatius Church.
The seating capacity of the various theaters is as follows :
Alcazar, 1,100; Baldwin, 1,602 ; Bush Street, 1,200; California, 1,700; Casino, 800 ; Grand Opera House, 2,400 ; Orpheum, 1,700 ; Powell Street, 1,300; Standard, 1,000; Tivoli Opera House, 1,600.
Our Commerce and Manufactures.
Not far from seventy years have elapsed since the first keel outside of the boats of the missionaries or some stray craft from Mexico fur- rowed the waters of the bay, and not much over forty years since the port was opened to the world of shipping, yet the rank to which we have attained amongst the commer- cial cities of the East is surprising, especially when the comparatively small population of the coast is taken into consideration. The following were the imports for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1890, for leading ports as given by the bureau of statistics :
New York
$472,153,507
Boston
66,731,023
Philadelphia 48,520,602
San Francisco 48,425,760
Baltimore, Md., New Orleans and others are all a long way behind. San Francisco is the fourth, but the difference between it and Philadel- phia is so small that they can almost be called a tie. It will soon exceed Philadelphia, and will not be long in catching up with Boston, so that ere many years have elapsed it will be our second city in point of import- ance as regards foreign imports .
It does not occupy as good a posi- tion in regard to exports. Here Baltimore, as a great shipper of wheat, corn and cotton, excels it, and New Orleans especially as a shipper of cotton :
New York $310,928,151
New Orleans
83,222,734
Boston
65,868,460
Baltimore
50,602,996
San Francisco
37,043,100
Philadelphia 29,707,439
The other ports are but of small account. Here San Francisco takes precedence of the great city of Phila- delphia, with a population exceeding a million. It is fifth on the list.
When we take the whole foreign trade into consideration we find that our city takes rank as fourth. The figures are as follows :
New York $783,081,658
New Orleans
97,715,214
Boston
132,599,483
San Francisco
85,468,860
Baltimore 65,826,840
Philadelphia 78,228,037
And though last, not least, it is the only port in the United States of any size where the tonnage of American and foreign vessels enter- ing and departing is anywhere nearly equal.
OUR IMPORTS.
The foreign import trade of the past six years thus compares : FREE.
1885
.$22,511,224
1886
28,546,203
1887
28,161,146
1888
29,655,469
1889
34,271,337
1890
29,463,946
DUTIABLE.
1885 .$11,533,183
1886
11,036,343
1887
13,445,538
1888
18,953,731
1889
17,016,969
1890
16,130,179
ENTERED FOR CONSUMPTION.
1885 $30,744,608
1886
36,968,333
1887
38,763,688
1888
42,396,074
1889
47,256,009
1890
40,053,483
WAREHOUSED.
1885
$3,299,799
1886
2,614,218
1887
2,842,996
1888
6,213,126
1889
4,032,297
1890
5,540,642
83
OUR COMMERCE AND MANUFACTURES.
AMERICAN VESSELS. 1888.
1889.
Steam
$14,510,069
$13,720,282
Sail 10,641,962
12,956,865
Total .$25,152,031
$26,677,147
1890.
Steam
$11,581,246
Sail
10,335,188
Total
21,916,434
FOREIGN. 1888.
1889. $15,810,857
Steam
$13,703,939
Sail 9,753,230
8,800,302
Total $23,457,169
$24,611,159
1890.
Steam
.$14,838,248
Sail
8,837,818
Total $23,676,066
1888.
Cars without appraisement .. $2,617
1890.
Cars without appraisement .. $1,625
By sea di- 1888.
1889.
rect .. ... $44,627,474 $47,311,547
By rail ... . 3,981,726
3,976,759 1890.
By sea direct $42,080,329
By rail
3,513,796
TOTALS.
1885
$34,044,407
1886 39,582,551
1887
41,606,684
1888 48,609,200
1889
51,288,306
1890
45,594,125
It will be here noted that the prin- cipal falling off has been in the quantity of free goods imported, the decline in dutiable having been com- paratively small. There was, too, an increased quantity warehoused and a very large falling off in goods entered for consumption. There was a falling off of about 17 per cent in the proportion of goods carried in American vessels, and a very slight one in goods carried in foreign vessels. Nevertheless, it is still true
that there is more merchandise car- ried in American bottoms than in any other part of the United States. The decline in imports by rail has been slight-most of it being by sea. We have, however, shipped over forty millions by sea, while our ex- ports by rail have been about one hundred million pounds, 25 per cent more than in 1889. Of this last, 15 per cent increase belongs to San Francisco. We cannot claim that our manufacturing business has in- creased much during the year, but it has held its own.
THE TRADE OF SAN FRANCISCO
For 1890 may be summed up as fol- lows:
Imports from foreign countries' $45,594,125
Imports by rail. 22,000,000
Imports by steam and clipper 16,000,000
Exports by sea 40,033,421
Exports by rail 40,000,000
Manufactures distributed
on the coast 87,000,000
Total $250,627,546
This is a small percentage over 1889.
Here we include the value of canned goods, etc., shipped from other points, but distributed by San Francisco capital.
IMPORTS OF TREASURE BY SEA FOR 1890.
The following includes all by sea, but not by rail :
GOLD.
Foreign bullion and bars. $428,359
American coin 245,027
Foreign coin 5,132,834
Total $5,806,220
SILVER.
Foreign bullion and bars. $2,656,473 American coin 1,490
Foreign coin . .
1,382,976
Total
$4,040,939
Grand Total
9,847,159
84
BUILDERS OF A GREAT CITY.
EXPORTS OF TREASURE IN 1890.
Mexican Dollars $6,832,998 00
Cold coin 4,666,738 00
Silver bars 302,900 00
Currency and nickels. 297,524 00
Silver coin 844,041 00
Foreign dollars 1,318 00
Gold dust. 17,587 00
Gold bars
10,300 00
Total, 1890 $12,973,406 00
Total, 1889 22,480,939 88
Total, 1887 25,668,001 00
Total, 1886 27,129,403 00
CALIFORNIA PRODUCTS.
The industrial products of the State for 1890 may be given as fol- lows :
Wheat.
$24,000,000
Cattle and sheep, slaught- ered.
33,000,000
Gold and silver.
14,500,000
Fruit. 20,000,000
Barley . 9,000,000
Wine and brandy . 8,000,000
Cereals, unspecified 7,500,000
Lumber 7,000,000
Wool 6,000,000
Dairy produce 7,000,000
Quicksilver
1,200,000
Base bullion and lead
1,500,000
Other base metals
1,000,000
Salmon
250,000
Coal
300,000
Other products
1,000,000
Total $141,250,000
Manufactures. 180,000,000
Total $321,250,000
Following is a statement of the leading products of California since 1848 :
Gold
$1,347,300,000
Wheat
756,000,000
Dairy products
213,500,000
Barley
193,000,000 Wool
167,000,000 Fruit 126,000,000
Lumber 104,000,000
Quicksilver
75,000,000
Wine and brandy .....
64,000,000
Base metals
52,000,000 Silver
34,000,000
SAN FRANCISCO MANUFACTURES IN 1890.
There has been a slight increase in the value of our manufacturing industry during the past year. In some directions there has been a falling off, in others an advance, but on the whole we progressed a little :
Pounds. Value.
Food $50,000,000
Metal 10,000,000
Textiles, etc
13,500,000
Lumber, etc
14,500,000
Leather, etc 10,500,000
Miscellaneous
20,000,000
Total $118,500,000
The capital invested here is about forty-eight millions, the material used seventy-four millions of dol- lars.
IMPORTS FOR 1890.
From- Amount.
Australasia, British. $1,195,047
Asiatic Russia. 94,652
Belgium
725,875
British East Indies
1,399,945
British Columbia
1,570,052
Canada . 2,970
Central America 3,012,517
Chile 416,751
China 5,699,635
Cuba 407,306
Dutch East Indies 1,485,792
Ecuador 99,083
England
4,559,803
France
1,246,595
Germany 1,156,008
Hawaiian Islands 12,363,450
Italy. 158,271
Ireland 32,908
Japan 7,847,974 Mexico
800,064
Philippine Islands
957,954
Scotland 92,609
Tahiti . 213,107
All other Islands and ports
55,757
Total
$45,594,125
85
OUR COMMERCE AND MANUFACTURES.
SAN FRANCISCO EXPORTS BY SEA 1890.
FOREIGN.
Total
$35,295,319
Apia.
$47,643
Asiatic Russia.
139,735
Baltimore
$2,598
Boston (Mass.).
180,847
Batavia
2,880
Bridgeport (Conn.)
209
Belgium
1,073,583
Burlington
250
Bolivia
402
Charlestown (S. C.)
1,409
Bombay
2,813
Chicago.
32,783
British Columbia
903,180
Cleveland (Ohio).
900
Calcutta
4,247
Columbus (Ohio).
450
Canada
13,282
Des Moines (Ia.).
900
Central America
1,749,046
Fall River (Mass.)
334
Chile
27,935
Fort Benton (Mont.).
3,111
China.
3,114,757
Gloucester (Mass.).
3,119
Corea
1,585
Lawrence (Mass.)
12,000
Ecuador
153,321
Lynn (Mass.).
3,336
England
8,673,924
Lewiston (Me.).
785
Fiji Islands
3,221
Maryland.
34
France
2,195,471
Maine
5,500
Germany
199,297
Manchester (N. H.)
16
Gilbert Islands
230
Massachusetts
87
Hawaiian Islands.
4,184,086
Norfolk (Va.)
250
India ..
30
Ireland
7,968,579
New Jersey
1,300
Jamaica
35
Pennsylvania
848
Java
192
Philadelphia (Pa.).
18,337
Japan
717,363
Pittsburg (Pa.).
2,174
Kirkee
109
Providence (R. I.).
534
Kotta Badja.
431
Rhode Island.
189
Labuan (Borneo)
75
Manila
59,667
Marshall Islands.
42,407
Washington.
1,810
Marquesas Islands.
41,422
West Concord.
8,891
Mexico
1,470,686
New Zealand.
186,467
Padang
904
Penang
7,402
Peru.
257,766
Pitcairn Islands.
500
Raratonga ..
4,485
Rio de Janeiro
493,661
Samarang.
1,890
Scotland
3,730
Singapore
13,578
Sourabaya
5,720
South Sea Islands
2,517
Tahiti.
326,326
Tasmania ..
1,186
Pounds.
Value.
Tegal
32
Costa Rica ..... 3,745,592
$759,830
Trinidad (W.I.)
253
Guatemala .... 6,658,578
1,132,844
Total. $4,258,102
Total amount of shipments by sea from the port of San Francisco for the year ending December 31, 1890 : Foreign $35,295,319
Eastern 4,258,102
Total $39,553,421
LEADING IMPORTS 1890-COFFEE.
Imports of coffee in 1890, accord- ing to Custom House statistics :
St. Paul (Minn.)
5,400
Virginia ..
83
New York,
3,969,618
Australia.
1,088,605
U. S. States of Colombia 108,663
EASTERN.
86
BUILDERS OF A GREAT CITY.
San Salvador 6,829,464
China ..
788,848
1,033,348 161,343
British East
Indies .......
466,061
84,839
Hawaiian Is-
lands ...
97,518
19,376
Dutch East
Indies
677,921
124,093
Mexico
534,949
102,749
Tahiti
38,341
5,819
Ecuador
107,427
17,761
Manila.
70,000
14,113
Australia
8,860
1,108
Total 20,023,559
$3,457,223
1889
20,272,586
2,923,709
RICE.
Imports of rice in 1890 according to Custom House statistics : Pounds. Value.
Hawaiian Is-
lands.
10,787,100
543,407
China
36,749,209
716,669
Italy ..
11,576
349
Japan
463,250
. 12,627
Total .... 48,011,135
$1,273,052
Same time in
1859.
46,603,676
1,086,035
SUGAR.
Imports of sugar in 1890, accord- ing to Custom House receipts :
Pounds.
Value.
Hawaiian Is-
lands ..... 253,015,709
$11,583,588
Central
America.
1,755,676
49,316
China . .....
613,065
15,550
Philippine
Islands ...
17,035,200
492,510
Mexico
4,279
75
Java ..
56,104,162
1,416,077
Canada
(maple) .
21,400
1,605
British Co-
lumbia ....
148
12
Total ... 328,549,639 $13,558,733
Same time in
1889 ....... 317,135,144 15,176,148
TEA.
Imports of tea in 1890, according to Custom House statistics :
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