History of Larimer County, Colorado, Part 4

Author: Watrous, Ansel, 1835-1927
Publication date: 1911
Publisher: Fort Collins, Colo. : The Courier Printing & Pub. Co.
Number of Pages: 678


USA > Colorado > Larimer County > History of Larimer County, Colorado > Part 4


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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The first newspaper appeared at Denver, April 23, 1859.


The first daily was the Rocky Mountain Herald. The first number was published May 13, 1860.


The first Denver theater was opened in Apollo Hall, October, 1859.


The first Denver jail was a log cabin on the west side of Cherry creek. It was rented by the Sheriff for the purpose, and prisoners were first confined in it about Jan. 1, 1862.


The first Masonic lodge was started in Denver in January, 1859.


The first Mayor of Denver was Charles A. Cook. The city was incorporated Nov. 18, 1861.


The first irrigation in Colorado was done by David K. Wall at Golden, in 1859.


The first crop of alfalfa was raised in 1863 on the ranch of Capt. Jacob Downing, who got the seed from Mexico.


The first grasshopper plague was in 1864.


The first telegraph line was completed to Denver April 17, 1863.


The First National bank was organized at Den- ver April 17, 1865.


The first bridge over the Platte was built in 1865. It stood near the mouth of Cherry creek.


The first meeting of the Pioneers' Association, composed only of the immigrants of 1858 and 1859, was held June 22, 1866.


The first smelter was opened at Black Hawk in January, 1868.


The first German colony was planted in the Wet Mountain valley in 1870.


The first extensive irrigation system was con- structed by the Union colonists near Greeley, be- tween 1870 and 1875.


The first railroad, the Denver Pacific, was built from Cheyenne to Denver, in 1870. The first train of the Kansas Pacific entered the Queen City of the Plains on Aug. 15, 1870.


The first rail of the Denver & Rio Grande was laid July 28, 1871.


The first street car was set in motion at Denver Dec. 17, 1871. Horse cars were superseded by cable and trolley lines in 1888 and 1889.


The first gas works were erected at Denver in 1870. Electric lights were introduced in 1880.


The first notable discovery of cliff dwellings was made in 1874 by W. H. Jackson and his compan- ions, of the Hayden Geological Survey.


The first election for State officers was held Oct. 3, 1876.


The first Governor of the Centennial state was John L. Routt.


The first State Legislature met at Denver, Nov. 1, 1876.


The first member of Congress from Colorado was James B. Belford.


The first Senators were Jerome B. Chaffee and Henry M. Teller.


The first passenger train ascended Pike's Peak, June 30, 1891.


The first specimens of the purple columbine were gathered on the Divide by soldiers of Long's expe- dition in July, 1820. It became the State flower in 1890.


The first Colorado sugar factory was erected at Grand Junction in 1899. The same year a sugar factory was built at Rocky Ford.


The first Flag day was celebrated by the public schools of Denver on June 14, 1894.


The first celebration of Colorado day was held on Aug. 1, 1908, the thirty-second anniversary of the admission of the Centennial State.


The first Catholic church in what is now Colo- rado was built on the Conejos river, in 1858. The first Catholic school was opened at Denver in 1863.


The first sermon preached in Denver was deliv- ered by George Fisher some Sunday in the winter of 1858-59. The first service conducted by Rev. Jacob Adriance was held at Auraria, July 5, 1859.


The first Methodist Episcopal church in Colo- rado was started at Central City in July, 1859. The first church society organized by the Metho- dists in Denver dates back to August, 1859; it afterward became Trinity M. E. church. The first service in Trinity church was held July 5, 1888.


The first Protestant Episcopal church in Colo- rado was founded in Denver, Jan. 21, 1860. The first rector of the congregation was Rev. J. H. Kehler, of Virginia, who conducted the first service on Jan. 23, 1860, in the Union school-house at Cherry creek and McGaa street.


The first meeting of Jews was held in Denver on a summer evening of 1860. The first synagogue was built in 1873 by the society now worshiping in Temple Emanuel.


The first Baptist church in Colorado was organ- ized at Golden, Aug. 1, 1863; the first pastor was


[20]


HISTORY OF LARIMER COUNTY, COLORADO


Rev. William Whitehead. The First Baptist church of Denver was founded May 2, 1864.


The first meeting of Unitarians was held in Den- ver, May 31, 1871; the first Unitarian church was dedicated Dec. 28, 1873; the second church (the new Unity church) was dedicated Sept. 4, 1889.


The first church of the Disciples of Christ was started at Golden in 1872.


Colorado's Growth in Three Decades


The population of Colorado by counties, as shown by the United States census of 1910, com- pared with the census returns for 1890 and 1900, follows:


County-


1910


1900


1890


Increase


Adams


8,892


10,263


163,017


32,135


Archuleta


3,302


2,117


626


1,185


Baca


2,516


759


1,479


1,757


Bent


5,043


3,049


1,313


1,994


Boulder


30,330


21,544


14,082


8,786


Chaffee


7,622


7,085


6,612


537


Cheyenne


3,667


501


534


3,166


Clear Creek.


5,001


7,082


7,784


2,491


Costilla


5,498


4,632


3,491


866


Custer


1,947


2,937


2,970


Delta


13,688


5,487


2,534


8,201


Summit


2,003


2,744


1,906


...


Denver


213,381


1,134


1,498


Douglas


3,192


3,120


3,006


72


Weld


39,177


16,808


11,736


22,369


El Paso.


43,321


31,602


21,239


11,719


Elbert


5,331


3,101


1,856


2,230


Fremont


18,181


15,636


9,156


2,545


Totals


799,024


539,700


259,324


48


Agricultural Products of Colorado and Their Value in 1910, Compared With 1900


Production 1910


Value


Production 1900


Value


Inc. in Value


Sugar beets.


806,000 tons


$ 4,375,000


6,656 tous


$ 26,711


$ 4,348,289


Potatoes


6,400,000 bu.


3,520,000


4,465,746 bu.


1,717,111


1,802,889


Hay


1,338,000 tons


14,448,400


1,647,321 tons*


8,159,279*


6,289,121


Wheat


8,721,000 bu.


7,351,220


5,587,744 bu.


2,809,370


4,541,850


Oats


7,898,00 bu.


3,633,080


3,080,130 bu.


1,121,745


2,511,335


Corn


2,846,000 bu.


1,707,600


1,272,680 bu.


508,488


1,199,112


Barley


864,000 bu.


518,400


531,240 bu.


246,510


271,890


Rye


56,000 bu.


37,520


26,180 bu.


13,876


23,644


Beet sugar.


. 195,100,000 lbs.


8,282,500


1,597,440 lbs .**


67,891 **


8,214,609


Poultry and eggs.


2,160,771 **


1,440,514


720,257


Butter and milk ..


9,479,000 **


6,752,513 **


2,726,487


Vegetables (except hot house)


3,000,000 **


1,131,950


1,868,050


Live stock production ..


31,235,000


16,077,988


15,157,012


Grand total.


$89,748,491


$40,073,945


$49,674,545


*Includes "forage production."


** Estimated.


Garfield


10,144


5,835


4,478


4,289


Gilpin


4,131


6,690


5,867


Grand


1,862


741


604


1,121


Gunnison


5,897


5,331


4,359


566


Hinsdale


646


1,609


862


...


Huerfano


13,320


8,395


6,882


4,915


Jackson


1,013


...


....


Jefferson


14,231


9,306


8,450


4,925


Kiowa


2,899


701


1,243


2,198


Kit Carson.


7,483


1,580


2,472


5,903


La Plata


10,812


7,016


5,509


3,796


Larimer


25,270


12,168


9,712


13,102


Las Animas


33,643


21,842


17,208


11,801


Lincoln


5,917


926


689


4,991


Logan


9,574


3,292


3,070


6,257


Mesa


22,197


9,267


4,260


12,930


Mineral


1,339


1,913


Montezuma


5,029


3,058


1,529


1,971


Montrose


10,291


4,535


3,980


5,756


Morgan


9,577


3,268


1,601


6,309


Otero


20,201


11,522


4,192


8,679


Ouray


3,514


4,731


6,510


Park


2,492


2,998


3,548


Phillips


3,179


1,583


2,642


1,596


Pitkin


4,566


7,020


8,929


3,754


Pueblo


52,223


34,448


31,491


17,775


Rio Grande.


6,563


4,080


3,451


2,483


Rio Blanco.


2,332


1,690


1,200


643


Routt


7,561


3,661


2,369


3,900


Saguache


4,160


3,853


3,313


307


San Juan.


3,063


2,342


1,572


721


San Miguel.


4,700


5,379


2,909


Sedgwick


3,061


971


1,293


2,090


Teller


14,351


29,002


Washington


6,002


1,241


2,301


4,761


Eagle


2,985


3,008


3,725


Yuma


8,499


1,729


2,596


6,770


...


Colorado Fruit Production in 1910


Cantaloupes


1,179


381,698


Other fruits


372


457,655


Apples


2,536


$1,410,497


Peaches


1,136


636,527


Total


5,223


$2,886,397


[21]


Lake


10,600


18,054


14,663


Prowers


9,520


3,766


1,969


Conejos


11,285


8,794


7,193


Dolores


642


Arapahoe


Cars


Value


HISTORY OF


LARIMER COUNTY, COLORADO


Total Value of Fruit Crop


Fruit shipped .. $2,886,397.00


Consumed at home (estimated ) .. 577,279.40


Total fruit crop. $3,463,676.40


Value of Canned Fruit


1910 OUTPUT OF COLORADO CANNING FACTORIES


Apples


$31,125


Cherries


11,994


Other fruits.


18,628


Total


$61,747


Acreage irrigated by Rio Grande and branches ... 450,000 Acreage irrigated by Grand and branches. .. ... 375,000


Number and Value of Live Stock in Colorado Jan. 1, 1911


-1911-


-1910-


Number


Value


Number


Value


Range cattle.1,091,000


$30,548,000


1,113,100


$30,051,000


Dairy cattle. 298,000


10,238,000


192,700


7,132,000


Hogs


419,000


4,261,000


561,000


5,690,000


Sheep


.1,610,000


3,941,000


1,868,500


5,604,000


Horses


306,000


28,236,000


279,000


25,170,000


Mules


16,300


1,684,000


15,300


1,560,000


Totals 3,731,000 $78,908,000 4,030,000


Comparative Mineral Output


1910


1909


1908


Gold


$20,397,888


$21,921,291


$22,312,865


Silver


4,661,684


4,796,409


5,610,845


Lead


3,365,989


2,584,570


3,079,988


Copper


1,136,304


1,640,619


258,962


Zinc


4,191,783


2,825,482


2,016,740


Totals


$33,773,638


$33,768,371


$33,279,400


Miles of Railroad Operated in Colorado, Jan. 1, 1911


Roads-


Main Line


Side Track


Miles


Denver & Rio Grande


1,848


600


2,448


Colorado & Southern ..


802


300


1,102


Union Pacific.


574


195


769


Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe ..


447


260


707


Burlington


400


170


570


Colorado Midland.


260


80


340


Moffat Road.


214


45


259


Rock Island ..


167


22


189


Missouri Pacific.


152


38


190


Colorado & Wyoming.


82


2


84


Cripple Creek Central.


83


47


130


Great Western ..


56


11


67


Uintah Railway.


51


2


53


Denver, Laramie & Northwestern


60


8


68


Argentine Central.


16


2


18


Colorado Springs Creek


61


25


86


San Luis Southern


32


3


35


Joint track (Denver


Rio


Grande and Colorado


&


Southern) double ..


20


20


40


Manitou & Pike's Peak.


9


1


10


Denver, Boulder & Western


47


4


51


Colorado & Southeastern.


6


11


17


Colorado Eastern


18


18


Totals


5,405


1,846


7,251


Already irrigated by uncompleted schemes. .


262,070


Principal Watersheds


Acreage irrigated by South Platte and branches ... 900,000 Acreage irrigated by Arkansas and branches ... 525,000


15.81%


Average sugar content, 1909.


14.96%


Irrigated, Irrigable, Non-Irrigable and Forest Lands in Colo- rado, 1910


Acres


Area of state ..


66,526,720


Land


66,341,120


Water


185,600


Area in national forests.


15,554,115 22,400,000


Mountainous


43,755,520


Under canals.


2,894,000


Probable limit of irrigated land.


4,500,000


Under canals actually irrigated.


2,262,070


Area intended to be irrigated by schemes under way


2,528,747


Extent of Colorado's Beet Sugar Industry in 1910


Tons beets paid for during 1910. 806,000


Money paid farmers.


$ 4,375,000


Money paid for factory labor 1,285,000


Money paid field labor.


1,613,000


Money spent by factories for supplies. 1,031,000


Sugar output in pounds. 195,100,000


Men employed during campaign.


4,180


Men employed during inter-campaign


525 to 1,025


Value of sugar produced.


$ 8,282,500


Tons of pulp produced.


358,530


Acres of beets harvested.


73,228


Average tonnage per acre


11


Average gross revenue per acre (including beet tops )


$64.50


(This gross revenue per acre, including beet


tops, ranges from $50 to $135, depending upon the energy and ability of the grower, the quality of the soil and the amount of water.)


Average expenses per acre.


$35 to $40


Average net revenue per acre.


$24.50-29.50


Money invested in factories ..


$18,250,000


Number of factories in the state.


16


Average sugar content, 1910.


Total


$75,207,000


Lines to Be Built in 1911


Union Pacific (Denver-Fort Morgan) ... 85 $ 2,550,000 Union Pacific (Denver-Fort Collins, via Dent, grading completed .. 26 780,000


[22]


& Cripple


Arable land.


HISTORY OF LARIMER COUNTY, COLORADO


Laramie, Hahn's Park & Pacific (grad- ing progress)


57


1,500,000


900,000


780,000


Denver & Rio Grande and C. & S. (joint double track). 27


2,500,000


San Luis Southern. 22 550,000


Denver, Laramie & Northwestern .. 50 1,275,000


Total .333 $11,085,000


Early Expeditions


Spanish Traversed County in 1720


Probably the first time that ever Larimer county was traversed by white men was in 1720, when a Spanish military force crossed the county, all the way from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to the Yellow- stone river, and which was destroyed by the In- dians. This expedition followed the base of the mountains and therefore crossed the county from south to north. It went in search of gold to en- rich the coffers of the Spanish throne, and there is evidence that mining had been extensively car- ried on near the head waters of the Yellowstone. Traces of iron tools, partly devoured by rust, were found as late as 1874; the line of a former ditch to convey water upon the bars and some other indi- cations which lead to the conclusion that the Spanish adventurers had gained a foothold in the region, but had perished there while in the realiza- tion of their dreams.


On their way northward through this county, the Spaniards probably prospected for gold in the streams that came out of the mountains which crossed their trail, though there is no positive evi- dence that they did.


Ashley's Trip in 1824


In November, 1828, Gen. William H. Ashley, of St. Louis, founder of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company, with a party of men ascended the South Platte until he reached the mountains. He then made his way north along the base of the moun- tains through Larimer county and across the coun- try to the Laramie Plains, thence on to Green river where he went into winter quarters. The late Phillip Covington, father of H. C. Covington, of Laporte, and a former well-known resident of this county, was a member of General Ashley's party, and has often talked with the writer about his experiences on the trip.


Wooten's Expedition


In the spring of 1836, Richard Wooten, with a party of thirteen men left Fort Bent on the Ar-


Explorations


kansas river, and proceeded northwest on a trading expedition. The party had ten wagons loaded with goods for the Indian trade and crossed Larimer county, trading with the natives on the way, finally reaching Fort Laramie. Pushing thence to the Sweetwater country and then north to the Wind River valley, where they spent the winter. In the spring they made their way back to Fort Bent. All their goods had been disposed of and their wagons were loaded with furs worth many thousand dollars. This was Richard Wooten's first venture with a trading outfit. In after years he became famous as a trader, trapper, freighter and Indian fighter. He was associated with such men as Kit Carson, Colonel St. Vrain, Charles Bent, George Simpson, Lucien B. Maxwell, Joseph Doyle and many other noted men of the mountains. In later years he was known as "Uncle Dick Wooten."


He finally settled on a ranch at the foot of Raton mountain, where he died a few years ago.


Fremont's Second Expedition


That independent fur trappers operated on the Cache la Poudre, Big Thompson and St. Vrain, and their tributaries, during the early years of the nine- teenth century is altogether probable, as beaver abounded in those streams, and buffalo, bear, deer and antelope were plentiful on the adjacent plains. That these trappers had practically disappeared when Fremont passed through the county on his second expedition in 1843, is evident from what appears in his report.


Fremont's second expedition was undertaken early in the spring of 1843. Experience had taught the chief of the expedition the necessity of a com- plete outfit, consequently everything thought to be needed was provided. Maj. Thomas Fitzpatrick had been selected as guide. Charles Preuss was again chosen as assistant topographical engineer. Lucien Maxwell was engaged as hunter. Among other members of his party were Theodore Talbot, of Washington, D. C .; Frederick Dwight, of


[23]


Colorado & Southern (Cheyenne to Well- ington) grading .. 30


Burlington (Hudson to Greeley) 26


Denver & Rio Grande (second main track ) 10 250,000


HISTORY OF


LARIMER COUNTY, COLORADO


Springfield, Massachusetts, who was on his way to the Sandwich Islands; William Gilpin, of Mis- souri, who afterwards became the first Territorial Governor of Colorado, journeyed with Fremont to Oregon. The men who enlisted in the enterprise were largely chosen from the members of the first expedition. They were Alexis Ayot, Francis Badeau, Oliver Beaulien, Baptiste Bernier, John A. Campbell, John G. Campbell, Manuel Chapman, Raisoni Clark, Philibert Courteau, Michel Crelis, William Creuss, Clinton De Forest, Baptiste De- rosier, Basil LaJeunesse, Francis La Jeunesse, Henry Lee, Louis Menard, Louis Montreil, Samuel Neal, Alexis Pera, Francis Pera, James Power, Raphael Proue, Oscar Sarpy, Baptiste Tabeau, Charles Tap- lin, Baptiste Tesson, Auguste Vasquez, Joseph Venot, Patrick White, Tiery Wright, Louis Zindel and Jacob Dodson. The party was armed with Hall's carbines and also a twelve-pound brass howitzer. The camp equipage, provisions and in- struments were carried in twelve carts, drawn by two mules each. It left Kansas City on the 29th of May. On arriving at a place called Big Timber, the force was divided. Leaving twenty-five men in charge of Major Fitzpatrick to follow on with the heavy baggage, Fremont took fifteen men, the mountain howitzer, the cart containing the instru- ments, and pushed forward, reaching the South Platte on June 30th, and followed up the stream to St. Vrain's fort, which point he reached on the 4th of July. On the 6th, the journey up the Platte was continued; in a day or two later camp was made on the site of the city of Denver. Fremont ex- tended his explorations as far south as Pueblo, where he met Kit Carson, who had been with him on his expedition the year before. This noted frontiersman and guide was added to the command. The party soon after retraced its steps to Fort St. Vrain, arriving there on the 23rd of July, where was found the detachment under Fitzpatrick await- ing them. On the 26th the party was again divided, Fremont taking thirteen men for his own company and Fitzpatrick the remainder with instructions to proceed by way of Fort Laramie, North Platte, Sweetwater and South Pass to Fort Hall and there await the detachment under the personal charge of the explorer. Before leaving St. Vrain, Fremont made the following comment in his report, regard- ing the country over which he expected to travel and the object of his explorations from St. Vrain west :


"I had been able to obtain no certain information in regard to the character of the passes in this por-


tion of the Rocky Mountain range, which had always been represented as impracticable for car- riages, but the exploration of which was incident- ally contemplated by my instructions, with the view of finding some convenient points of passage for the road of emigration, which would enable it to reach, on a more direct line, the usual ford of the Great Colorado, a place considered as determined by the nature of the country beyond that river. It is singular, that immediately at the foot of the moun- tains, I could find no one sufficiently acquainted with them to guide us to the plains at their western base; but the race of trappers who formerly lived in their recesses has almost entirely disappeared, dwindled to a few scattered individuals, some one or two of whom are regularly killed in the course of the year by the Indians. You will remember that in the previous year, I brought with me to their village near this post, and hospitably treated on the way, several Cheyenne Indians, whom I had met on the lower Platte. Shortly after their ar- rival here, they were out with a party of Indians (themselves the principal men) which discovered a few trappers in the neighboring mountains, whom they immediately murdered, although one of them had been nearly thirty years in the country, and was perfectly well known, as he had grown gray among them.


"Through this portion of the mountains, also, are the customary roads of the war parties going out against the Utah and Shoshone Indians, and occasionally parties from the Crow natives make their way down to the southward along the chain, in the expectation of surprising some straggling lodge of their enemies. Shortly before our arrival, one of these parties had attacked an Arapahoe vil- lage in the vicinity, which they found unexpectedly strong, and their assault was turned into a rapid flight and a hot pursuit in which they had been compelled to abandon the animals they had ridden, and escape on their war horses. Into this uncertain and dangerous region, small parties of three or four trappers who now could collect together, rarely ventured, and consequently it was seldom visited and little known. Having determined to try the passage through a spur of the mountains made by the Cache la Poudre river which rises in the high bed of mountains around Long's Peak, I thought it desirable to avoid any incumbrances which would occasion detention."


On the afternoon of July 26th, Fremont resumed his journey, the route taking him through Larimer


[24]


HISTORY OF LARIMER COUNTY, COLORADO


county from the southeast corner almost to the northwest corner.


"A French engagee, at Lupton's fort, had been shot in the back on the 4th of July, and died dur- ing our absence to the Arkansas. The wife of the murdered man, an Indian woman of the Snake nation, desirous, like Naomi of old, to return to her people, requested and obtained permission to travel with my party to the neighborhood of Bear river, where she expected to meet with some of their villages. Happier than the Jewish widow, she car- ried with her two children, pretty little half- breeds, who added much to the liveliness of the camp. Her baggage was carried on five or six pack horses, and I gave her a small tent for which I no longer had any use, as I had procured a lodge at the fort."


For his own party, Fremont had selected the fol- lowing men, a number of whom old associations rendered agreeable to him: Charles Preuss, Chris- topher Carson, Basil LaJeunesse, Francis Badeau, J. B. Bernier, Louis Menard, Raphael Proue, Jacob Dodson, Louis Zindell, Harry Lee, J. B. Dirosier, Francis LaJeunesse, and Auguste Vasquez.


After giving the latitude of St. Vrain fort as 40 degrees, 16 minutes, 33 seconds, its longitude as 105 degrees, 12 minutes, 23 seconds, and its altitude at 4,930 feet, Fremont continues: "At the end of two days, which was allowed to my animals for necessary repose, all the arrangements had been completed, and on the afternoon of July 26th, we resumed our respective routes. Some little trouble was experienced in crossing the Platte, the waters of which were still kept up by rains and melting snow, and having traveled only about four miles, we encamped in the evening on Thompson's creek, where we were very much disturbed by mosquitoes." (This camp was about where the present town of Milliken is.) From this point it is difficult to trace the route followed by the description given, but from the map accompanying the report on which the route is marked, it appears that the party fol- lowed up the Big Thompson to about the present city of Loveland, thence across the divide to the Caché la Poudre river, fording that stream July 28th, a short distance above the mouth of Boxelder creek; thence along the north bank of the river to the canon where they went into camp for noon. The map indicates that they penetrated the canon to the mouth of the North Fork, up which they as- cended to its canon. Being unable to get through the canon, they made a detour to the east, return- ing to the river at a point near the Halligan dam,


where they went into camp. The next day they followed up the North Fork, coming out on Boulder ridge, where they got their first glimpse of the Laramie plains, camping that night at a spring of cold water near the summit of the divide. The following day they crossed Sand Creek pass and dropped down on to the Laramie river at about Gleneyre, where they camped for the night. From this point they followed the trend of the Medi- cine Bow mountains to the North Platte, which they forded and then turned north to intersect the overland emigrant trail along the Sweetwater river.


There is a tradition to the effect that Fremont and his party entered North Park on this expedition and discovered and named Independence mount- ain, but both the map and the report are silent on this point, from which we conclude the tradition is founded on a myth. There is also a tradition that Fremont sent an exploring party up through the canon of the Cache la Poudre to what is now known as Cameron pass and that they returned and reported the route impracticable. Some color is lent to the truth of the tradition by the finding in 1885, by John Zimmerman under a big pine tree in his own yard, of a steel case-knife bearing the letters U. S. A. stamped on the blade. The knife is sup- posed to have been lost by Fremont's men when they camped under the tree. The story is hardly credible, however, as at no time after Fremont left St. Vrain did he stop long enough on the road for men to make the trip to Cameron pass and back. His report shows that he kept moving every day from the time he left St. Vrain until he reached the North Platte. Thirteen years after Captain Fre- mont had completed the exploration covered by this expedition, he was nominated, in 1856, as the first candidate of the newly organized Republican party for the office of President of the United States, but was defeated at the election in November of that year by James Buchanan. He was called the "Great Pathfinder" in the campaign of that year.




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