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A Century of History in the First Baptist Church in Waterbury, Conn.
Gc 974.602 W291w 1415148
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
M. L
-
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01105 5727
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015
https://archive.org/details/centuryofhistory00wate_0
REV. OSCAR HAYWOOD, D. D.
.
A Century of History
in the
First Baptist Church in
Waterbury, Conn.
88 88 8
HARTFORD The Case, Lockwood & Brainard Company 1904
1
1415148
CONTENTS.
THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. Order of Exercises.
FOREWORD - THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BAPTIST HIS- TORY, I
Page.
ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF CONTEMPORANEOUS HIS- TORY, Rev. Oscar Haywood, D.D., II
MINISTERS' CONFERENCE, . 35
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE AND ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY, Rev. Robert A. Ashworth, 38
ADDRESS BEFORE THE Y. P. S. C. E., Rev. Way- land Hoyt, D.D., 61
WOMAN'S DAY EXERCISES :
ADDRESSES, by Dr. Hoyt, Miss Newcomb, and Mrs. James McWhinnie, 64
WOMAN'S WORK IN THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, THE RELIGIOUS SIDE OF WATERBURY, Rev. Joseph Anderson, D.D., 74
66
EVANGELISM, Rev. G. M. Stone, D.D.,
92
MISSIONARY ADDRESS, Rev. A. A. Bennett, D.D.,
98 OLD HOME DAY :
ADDRESS, HISTORICAL AND REMINISCENT, Elder Palmer G. Wightman, . IOI
THE TESTIMONY OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS, Rev. Thos. A. T. Hanna, IIO
LETTERS OF FORMER PASTORS, .
I22
SUNDAY-SCHOOL REMINISCENCES, Superintendent Deacon D. L. Smith, [28
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, Prof. D. G. Porter :
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS,
.
I39
HISTORY,
.
. I44
iv
Page.
THE BANQUET, . 167
DOCTRINE AND PRACTICE IN OUR CHURCH, Second Part of Prof. Porter's paper, I68 THE SURPLUS FUND, 197
OUR PLACE IN HISTORY, Rev. George C. Lorimer, D.D.,
200
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Page.
REV. OSCAR HAYWOOD, D.D., .
Frontispiece OUR PULPIT, 15
PRESENT CHURCH EDIFICE WITH SUNDAY-SCHOOL ENLARGEMENT, 205
FARMHOUSE IN WHICH THE CHURCH WAS CONSTI- TUTED IN 1803, .
67
FIRST CHURCH BUILDING ERECTED BY THE BAP-
TISTS, IN THE CENTER OF THE TOWN, · 152
THE SAME BUILDING, REMODELED, EXTENDED, AND OPENED ON BANK STREET, 159
PORTRAITS.
PROF. D. G. PORTER, I
DEA. D. L. SMITH, .
20
DEA. A. J. SHIPLEY, 25
DEA. JAMES H. MINTIE, .
3I
DEA. WILLIAM O'NEILL,
36
REV. ROBERT A. ASHWORTH,
38
DEA. JOHN LITTLEJOHN, .
4I
DEA. EDWARD L. ASHLEY,
46
DEA. SIDNEY RISDON,
5I
HENRY T. SANFORD, . .
56
REV. WAYLAND HOYT, D.D.,
61
WARREN S. TROTT, .
63
REV. JAMES McWHINNIE, D.D.,
65
NOTE .- The mark (t) affixed to the name of a person under his portrait signifies " deceased."
vi
Page.
DEA. JAMES MCWHINNIE,
72
REV. JOSEPH ANDERSON, D.D.,
74
REV. JOSEPH A. BAILEY, .
78
REV. G. W. FOLWELL,
82
JOHN T. TROTT, 87
REV. G. M. STONE, D.D.,
92 97
REV. P. G. WIGHTMAN,
IOI
REV. IRENUS ATKINS,
105
REV. THOS. A. T. HANNA,
IIO
EDWY E. BENEDICT, .
II4
REV. J. W. RICHARDSON, .
123
REV. W. P. ELSDON,
I26
JOSEPH B. MERRIAM, 130
I32
DEA. WILLIAM S. PICKETT, J. H. TRIP,
134
DEA. NEWTON C. SMITH,
136
THOMAS PORTER,
138
DEA. TIMOTHY PORTER,
149
DEA. ALFRED PLATT,
154
E. W. FROST, ·
I56
REV. FRANCIS J. PARRY, D.D.,
161
JOSEPH SHIPLEY,
163
DEA. FRANKLIN POTTER,
170
DEA. WILLIAM S. PLATT,
173
DEA. CHARLES PLATT,
177
DEA. HIOL BRISTOL, .
184
DR. B. J. BRISTOL,
190
A. D. FIELD,
197
REV. GEORGE C. LORIMER, D.D., LL.D., 200
DEA. FRANCIS WELTON,
203
EDWARD TERRELL,
CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH IN WATERBURY.
ORDER OF EXERCISES.
SUNDAY, NOVEMBER FIRST. Half Past Ten, Morning.
ORGAN VOLUNTARY.
DOXOLOGY.
INVOCATION, LORD'S PRAYER.
ANTHEM - "By the Rivers of Babylon," J. M. Stillman SOLO.
RESPONSIVE READING - Selection Forty-two.
GLORIA PATRIA, CONGREGATION.
PRAYER OF THANKSGIVING.
HYMN - When I survey the wondrous cross, Isaac Watts, 1709
SCRIPTURE READING - Second of Acts.
HYMN-I know that my Redeemer lives,
Charles Wesley, 1742
OFFERING. QUARTETTE.
ADDRESS - By the Pastor, Rev. Oscar Haywood
HYMN - This day the wondrous Mystery, Edward Caswell, 1876
HAND OF FELLOWSHIP TO MEMBERS RECEIVED IN OCTOBER. ORDINANCE OF THE LORD'S SUPPER.
HYMN -"Rock of Ages."
Twelve Five, Afternoon.
SUNDAY-SCHOOL - Conducted by Superintendent D. L. Smith.
viii
Seven o'clock, Evening.
ORGAN PRELUDE.
ANTHEM - " Send Out Thy Light."
HYMN - How firm a foundation, ye saints of the Lord. K. - Rippon's Selection, 1787.
SCRIPTURE READING - Eleventh of Hebrews.
SOLO - " Face to Face,"
Herbert Johnson.
Mr. Harold Elton.
HYMN - God is the refuge of His saints,
Isaac Watts, 1719.
PRAYER. OFFERING.
CENTENNIAL SERMON - "One Hundred Years of Contemporaneous History," Rev. Oscar Haywood, the Pastor.
PRAYER.
HYMN - Begin, my tongue, some heavenly theme,
Isaac Watts, 1709.
BENEDICTION.
ORGAN POSTLUDE - Festal March, Calkins.
MONDAY, NOVEMBER SECOND.
Half Past Ten, Morning.
JOINT MEETING of the Baptist Ministers' Conferences of New Haven and Hartford, and the Protestant Min- isters' Club of Waterbury. (Open to the general public.)
PAPER -"John's Character and Theology,"
Rev. G. F. Genung, D.D.
DISCUSSION.
One o'clock, Afternoon.
DINNER served by the ladies in the dining-room. Com- plimentary to the Ministers.
ix
Two Thirty, Afternoon.
REASSEMBLING OF THE JOINT CONFERENCE.
PAPER -" Christian Science from the standpoint of Orthodox Christianity," Rev. R. A. Ashworth.
DISCUSSION.
Eight o'clock, Evening.
ORGAN PRELUDE by Mr. A. J. Blakesley, Organist of the Second Congregational Church.
ANTHEM.
HYMN - Not all the blood of beasts, Isaac Watts, 1709.
PRAYER.
OFFERTORY.
VIOLIN SOLO - " Romance," John Svenson. Miss Mae Stanley.
ADDRESS - " The Best Way of Vanquishing," Rev. Wayland Hoyt, D.D., LL.D., Philadelphia, Before the Society of Christian Endeavor.
SOLO - " Supplication," C. Whitney Coombs. Miss Georgiana Turnbull.
HYMN - Selected.
BENEDICTION.
ORGAN POSTLUDE - Fugue in G,
Miss Elton.
Bach
TUESDAY - WOMAN'S DAY (Public Invited).
Miss Margaret McWhinnie, Presiding. Ten Thirty, Morning.
CONGREGATIONAL SINGING.
ADDRESS - " Soul Winning," Rev. Wayland Hoyt, D.D., LL.D., Philadelphia.
Twelve, Noon.
REFRESHMENTS served in the dining-room.
X
Two o'clock, Afternoon.
CONGREGATIONAL SINGING. ADDRESS - " Home Missions,"
Mrs. James McWhinnie, Boston. ADDRESS - " Our Work in India," Miss Newcomb, India. PAPER -" The Organized Woman's Work of the First Baptist Church," Read by Mrs. Frederick E. Stanley.
Eight o'clock, Evening.
ORGAN PRELUDE. ANTHEM - "Rejoice, the Lord is King," Adams
SOLO - Miss Ayer (Unionville, Conn.).
OFFERTORY.
HYMN -O where are kings and empires now, Arthur Cleveland Coxe, 1838.
ADDRESS -"The Religious Side of Waterbury," Rev. Joseph Anderson, D.D., Pastor First Congregational Church. ADDRESS - " Evangelism," Rev. George M. Stone, D.D., Hartford, Conn.
WEDNESDAY - MISSIONARY DAY.
Eight o'clock, Evening.
ORGAN PRELUDE. ANTHEM -- " The Heavens are Telling." HYMN - The morning light is breaking, Samuel F. Smith, 1832.
OFFERTORY. SOLO - Mr. Frank Clark. ADDRESS - "A Century of Japan," Rev. Albert Arnold Bennett, D.D., Japan. SOLO - Mrs. M. S. Ashley.
xi
THURSDAY-OLD HOME DAY. Two o'clock, Afternoon.
CONGREGATIONAL SINGING.
ADDRESS, Historical and Reminiscent,
Rev. P. G. Wightman. CONFERENCE of the Centennial Churches of the New Haven Association :
Waterbury, First, organized, 1803
Meriden, First, organized, 1786
Middletown, organized,
I795
Southington, organized,
1738
Cromwell, organized,
1802
Clinton, organized,
1797
Winthrop, organized,
1744
Wallingford, organized,
1790
Four o'clock, Afternoon.
ADDRESS -" The Testimony of One Hundred Years," Rev. T. A. T. Hanna, Shelton, Conn.
Four Thirty, Afternoon.
ADDRESS -" The First Baptist Church," Historical Sketch, Doctrine, and Practice, Prof. D. G. Porter.
Five o'clock, Afternoon.
GREETINGS from former members and letters from the two surviving ex-pastors, Rev. W. P. Elsdon and Rev. J. W. Richardson.
Five Thirty, Afternoon.
REUNION COLLATION - Grace by Deacon A. J. Shipley in the upper room, and by Bro. Edward Terrill in the dining-room. (Mr. Terrill is the oldest mem- ber of the church now living.)
xii
Seven Thirty, Evening.
ORGAN PRELUDE- MY. Frederick Grannis, Organist First M. E. Church. ANTHEM - " Unfold, ye Everlasting Portals," Gounod. HYMN - Far down the ages now, Rev. Horatius Bonar, D.D. OFFERTORY- Mr. W. J. Stanley, First Organist of the Church.
SOLO - Mrs. Frederick Grannis.
ADDRESS - "Our Place in the World's History," Rev. Geo. C. Lorimer, D.D., LL.D., New York. ORGAN POSTLUDE - Miss Elton.
COMMITTEES OF THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION.
Of All Work.
Mr. C. Frederick Trott, Mr. Arthur Mintie,
Mr. Albert D. Field, Mr. William G. Russell,
Mr. Adrian L. Mulloy, Mr. Frederick Stanley,
Mr. Robert Roxbourgh, Mr. David Voorhees,
Mr. Robert Turnbull.
Ushers.
Mr. Warren S. Trott, Mr. C. Harold Granger,
Mr. Frank T. Uffendale, Mr. Henry Uffendale,
Mr. Raymond S. Clark, Mr. Bert J. Hine,
Mr. Ernest Clark, Mr. Ralph Fowler,
Mr. Charles Uffendale.
Reception.
Mrs. E. W. Smith,
Miss Margaret McWhinnie,
Mrs. R. A. Lowe, Mrs. John Trott.
Hospitality.
Mrs. W. H. Hine, Mrs. Olivia Wickwire, Mrs. Jennie Blake.
PROFESSOR D. G. PORTER, Son of Deacon Timothy Porter and Editor of this present volume.
FOREWORD
CONCERNING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BAPTIST HISTORY.
I think it was Captain Mahan who said in a recent address that the weakness of our modern Christianity is largely due to the fact that Chris- tians are chiefly giving heed to the second Com- mandment to the neglect of the first. I think the statement is true, and that it deserves serious con- sideration. It is Jehovah God, Creator of heaven and earth, of whom all things are, and by whom all things are, and in whom all things consist. The brotherhood of men depends on their rela- tion to God, the Father Almighty. He is the source and center of all morality, all goodness, and all the kindly relations existing among men. The very conception of righteousness, mercy, and love is due to Him, and could have no existence without Him. He is not only the author and sus- tainer of life, but the Keystone of the whole glorious arch of moral and spiritual aspiration, which, without his sustaining light and power, would inevitably crumble in ruin.
The first question then in all true religion is, and must ever be, What is the will of God, to whom we owe all that we are, or have been, or hope to be? What He has ordained and estab-
2
lished is to be accepted without question, and in the fullest confidence in his wisdom and goodness. He cares more for men, his own creatures, his own children, than it is possible for men to care for each other, and it may be taken for granted that his will concerning any matter in relation to them, is all goodness, mercy, love, divine com- passion, as well as wisdom and judgment. It is therefore the greatest possible mistake to suppose we are at liberty to modify our obligation to Him on the supposition that we can thus better serve our fellow men. All the obligation, all the authority, and all reasonable hope of beneficent result are on the divine side rather than the human. The declaration, "I am the Lord thy God which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt," may be extended, with our present intel- ligence, to cover life itself with all its possibili- ties of enjoyment and blessing. And the com- mandment " Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God and Him only shalt thou serve " is not only based on the fullest and clearest ground of every possible obligation, but is even one of the very necessities of the divine order upon which all goodness and blessing depend.
Baptists stand for this great principle first and last. Obedience to the will of God, as revealed in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, is their fundamentally distinguishing principle. This was indeed originally the fundamental prin-
3
ciple of all Protestantism. It was virtually an- nounced by Luther at the Diet of Worms and on other occasions. But he deflected from it as a matter of policy, consciously admitting into his system unscriptural practices to which the people were strongly attached, in order to bring the whole nation to his side, and thus to give the greater speed to his reformation; and his exam- ple was followed by other Protestant leaders. Whether this course was justifiable or not as a temporary expedient, we are not called upon to determine. But it was at least necessary that the great principle above stated should not be lost sight of, that it should be clearly affirmed and kept in view as the goal of ultimate realization. And it remained for Baptists to make the affirma- tion, to lift up the standard which the reformers had lowered from motives of policy, and to carry it faithfully through the consuming fires of perse- cution. Not only Roman Catholics, but Luther, Calvin, Zwingli, Laud, and Knox and their fol- lowers, endeavored to force Baptists out of their allegiance to their fundamental principle and into conformity to state-established religions. Even in free Switzerland the cry, Qui mergat mergatur (Let him who immerses be drowned) was raised against Baptists. But at length the great princi- ple of freedom of conscience, largely through the protests and efforts of Baptists, has been estab- lished in this country at least, and there is no more
4
state or official persecution of the consciences of men ; though even here the prevalence of social, domestic, church, and race persecution is by no means obsolete, and to large portions of our popu- lation, freedom of conscience, that indispensable requisite of all true religion, exists only in name. But after more than three hundred years we have reached a point from which we can view the results of the compromises made by the reformers. The various forms of Christianity in which divine authority was compounded with human prefer- ence have lost their hold on the very peoples which these compromises were intended to retain. Neither in continental Europe, nor in England, or America, has Protestant Christianity a firm grasp on the consciences of the people, the masses of whom are more and more absenting themselves from the churches and placing themselves beyond the reach of evangelical influences. And in ex- planation or excuse of the weakness of our pres- ent systems, prominent religious teachers have even been led to claim what they call " a larger Christianity " outside the churches, -a most significant commentary on the effect of temporiz- ing with, and attenuating the obligation of the ordinances. And there have been, and there probably still are, itinerant evangelists who do not dare to speak of the ordinances of the Lord's house, or to explain their significance, and who therefore leave most of the great numbers of con-
5
verts they claim to have gathered, to be dispersed and lost in the vague uncertainties of this so- called outside Christianity, never probably to be heard of again. Indeed the policy of modifying the obligation of divine authority in accommoda- tion to human desires and preferences could not fail, if persisted in, to be disastrous in the end ; could not fail to vitiate, to a greater or less degree, the vital principle of all true religion. . The pres- ent condition and prospects of Protestant Chris- tianity seem to emphasize in a peculiar manner the sentiment of Captain Mahan, and to call for a revision of Protestantism in conformity thereto.
But still there are Christian teachers who, un- willing to learn the lessons of history, or to read the handwriting already appearing on the wall, seem willing to go still further in the path which has already led us so near to disaster, and who openly advocate the principle that divine au- thority, even in regard to the ordinances of the Lord's house, may properly be subjected to the ratification of human desires and preferences. A prominent Congregational divine has recently proposed, as a plan of union between Baptists and Congregationalists, that the latter should place baptisteries in their churches the same as in Baptist churches, to accommodate those who might prefer immersion to sprinkling, and that Baptists in like manner should sprinkle those who prefer sprinkling. An apt reply to this pro- posal was made by the man who said that it
6
seemed to leave no room to consider whether or not Jesus Christ might have a preference in the matter. The proposal does indeed seem to rule our Lord and Saviour out of the case, as hav- ing no interest in the question as to whether his word is obeyed and his example followed. It should be stated, however, that the proposition includes the terms " those who believe in sprink- ling," and "those who believe in immersion." These terms, however, do not seem to be either very logical or very theological, nor do they seem to betray any very severe accuracy of thought in any sphere. They really need the explanation which repeatedly follows and which makes " the preference of the individual " rather than the will of God the crucial point of the decision. The proposition to unite Congregationalists and Bap- tists on "the basis of the individual conscience," without making the enlightenment of the con- science a term in the case, would cover a much wider union than that of those who profess and call themselves Christians. Indeed we do not see why Jews, Buddhists, and Mahometans might not come into the Congregational union thus pro- posed as well as Presbyterians and Unitarians. But surely it would be no place for Baptists.
We may say in passing that the baptistry in the church of which this Congregational minister is pastor was placed there by a former member of the Waterbury Baptist church at his own expense; and several years afterwards
7
he told the writer that there had never been any occasion for its use, even in a single in- stance. The presence of the baptistry seems to have had no effect on the Congregational con- science, but later it seems to have been some- what effective and " frequently used " in decoying Baptists, who, from social or other influences, were inclined that way, into a Congregational church, and inducing them to connive at, and take a certain responsibility for, unscriptural practices, which otherwise their consciences would not have approved. But whether or not baptisteries are placed in Congregational churches, it is probably safe to say that no sprinkling font will ever be seen in a Baptist church. Our respect for the authority of our Lord and our willingness to follow his example would not allow us to accept the second part of the proposition above stated.
Another Congregational divine, equally emi- nent, proposes Christian union on the basis of " the simplicities and universalities of Christian- ity." This is doubtless the true principle, what- ever may be meant by the proponent. What indeed could be more simple as a basis of union than faith in Christ and obedience to his com- mands? And as regards the matter of univer- sality, we read (Rom. vi : 3, R. V.) "All we who were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death. We were buried therefore with Him through baptism into death; that like as
-
8
Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we also might walk in newness of life." Baptism then, as here de- scribed, looks very much like one of the univer- sals of Christianity, as it doubtless was when Paul wrote these words.
Still another proposition for Christian union comes from a preacher reputed to be a Baptist. He writes, "If Congregationalists and Baptists could all be brought to see that water baptism is not made by the New Testament an essential to church membership, then these two great bodies could become one." The chances, however, that Baptists will ever be able to see as this writer proposes, are very slight indeed. It is doubtless safe to say that the proposition to abolish an ordinance of the Lord because it stands in the way of Christian union, so called, is one which no jugglery of ethics or logic, and no wresting of Scripture will ever induce genuine Baptists to ac- cept. They will rather stand as they have always stood, for the supreme authority of the will of God as revealed in his word, as a principle vital to the success of all true religion. Only by conscien- tiously careful and willing obedience can we duly honor God, the Father Almighty, or Jesus Christ his Son, our Saviour and Lord. We believe with the apostle that even " the foolishness of God " is wiser than men, and we cannot allow his wisdom in the ordering of his house to be called in ques-
9
tion and made answerable to the weakness and blindness of our human reason. And we have deemed this retrospective glance, showing the place and, as we believe, the providential purpose of Baptists in religious history, showing also that our mission and work are by no means complete, but rather only that the situation is pregnant with increasing promise and warrants a larger hope, to be a not unfitting prelude to the record of the exercises of our centennial week .*
As regards the contents of the present volume, we regret to say that we could obtain no adequate report of some of the very interesting exercises of the celebration. But others, probably the most important, if not the most interesting, we are for- tunately able to present in full. And we flatter ourselves that the reader who may be interested in the matter treated, will not find many dull pages in the book, whether or not he may agree with the sentiments and principles advanced.
D. G. P.
* It may be well to state that the articles and authors above referred to are: "A Proposition for Christian Union," in the Independent of Feb. 4th, by Dr. Amory H. Bradford, Moderator of the Congregational Na- tional Council; "Consolidating the Churches," in the April number of Everybody's Magazine, by Dr. Newell Dwight Hillis ; and " The Baptists and Christian Union," in the Independent of April 21st, by Dr. Norman Fox.
CENTENNIAL OF THE FOUNDING OF THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH IN WATERBURY.
Every available place and space in or near the newly garnished and brilliantly lighted auditorium of the church was occupied on the evening of Sun- day, Nov. Ist, when the centennial celebration commenced. The pastor, Rev. Oscar Haywood, announced as the text of the centennial sermon the passage at Zechariah 4: 10, " For who hath despised the day of small things? " which he read from the Bible used in the little cross-roads meet- ing house nearly 100 years before, stating that it was the same text used by Dr. Rollin H. Neal of Boston, when preaching the sermon of dedication for the first house of worship built by Baptists in the center of the town, nearly seventy years ago.
Results seem to have fuily confirmed the lesson of this significant text. The twenty Baptists of 100 years ago have now become nearly a thousand, fifty times the original number, to say nothing of the Second church and the other Baptist societies affiliated with us, - the increase being propor- tionately much greater than that of the rapidly increasing population of the town and city in which the church is located ; while the $200 of
II
church property has become $100,000, 500 times the original amount, the increase in this case not being subject to any discount as in the case of the number of members, by reason of those who have been constantly going over to the great majority. Surely it is not well in any Christian work to despise the day of small things.
After the reminiscent portion of his address the pastor turned to the main subject of his discourse,
"ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF CONTEMPO- RANEOUS HISTORY."
ADDRESS BY PASTOR OSCAR HAYWOOD, SUNDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER FIRST.
The last quarter of the eighteenth cen- tury witnessed two revolutions, both of which were fraught with meaning incal- culable and were pregnant with revela- tions of human rights and duties, serving to prepare the nine- PASTOR OSCAR HAYWOOD. teenth century as an unbroken path in which the race was to make its longest stride toward the ideal liberty and enlight-
12
enment which poets had sung and prophets had preached. Those two revolutions, while radically different in motive, method, and aim, were diverse expressions of the spirit which filled the air and burst forth at last in flame and fury. They marked an epoch in the history of the world, and set in motion processes which have since changed the structure of civilization.
One was in France, where a popular uprising in one of the great states of Europe against a 1 long-settled and oppressive order overthrew so- ciety among the French people, wrought violent changes on the continent, and, directed by mili- tary genius, culminated in domination and con- quest, followed ultimately by terrible retribution. The other was in America, where the children of a new world, inhaling the atmosphere of the forest, imbibed the spirit of the eagle which could not be intimidated by threat nor restrained by force. Not by an insane and rapacious outburst, as in France, but by sober, patriotic, and methodi- cal resistance, they threw off the yoke of foreign government, organized a constitution, and in the wilderness set out upon the vastest political ex- periment the world had ever seen. During the progress of those social and political revolutions
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