USA > Connecticut > Hartford County > Berlin > The early history of Berlin, Connecticut : an historical paper delivered before the Emma Hart Willard Chapter, D.A.R. January 17, 1913 > Part 1
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THE EARLY HISTORY OF BERLIN, CONNECTICUT
AN HISTORICAL PAPER
DELIVERED BEFORE
The Emma Hart Willard Chapter D. A. R.
JANUARY 17, 1913
BY
EMILY S. BRANDEGEE 1
F104 ·B4B8
22.20 15
EARLY HISTORY OF BERLIN, CONNECTICUT
"Wild was the day: the wintry sea Moaned sadly on New England's strand
When first the thoughtful and the free, Our fathers, trod this desert land."
How little we have thought of those who toiled and suffered that we might have peace and comfort. This beautiful town of Berlin owes a great debt of gratitude to those men and women for their courage and for the principles of industry and upright- ness which they inculcated in their descendents.
Sergeant Richard Beckley, the first settler in our town, came from New Haven to Beckley Quarter, which was then a part of Wethersfield, in 1660. He was a planter, and a man of some importance, and he always sat in the men's second seat in church. He was elected Sergeant of Artillery in 1659 and had held other offices in the New Haven Colony. He voted in Wethersfield in 1662. Of the Indian Chief Tarramuggus he purchased 300 acres of land lying on both sides of the Matta- besett river. The original deed of this land is in the possession of one of his descendants today. His house probably stood not far from where Mr. Norman Beckley now lives.
Tradition says there was an Indian settlement along the Mattabesett river south of Beckley Quarter. These Indians were known as the Mattabesetts, a sub-tribe of the Wongunks, and their hunting grounds extended as far south as the straits below Middletown. Middletown, until 1653, was called Mattabesett. For many years Richard Beckley and his family were the only white people living among the Indians in Beckley Quarter. One Sunday while he was at church in Wethersfield two Indians entered his house and stole some of his goods. He complained to those in authority in Hartford and received remuneration. This is the only record of his having had trouble with the Indians. He died in 1690, and his will provided well for his widow and six children.
Farmington was settled in 1640, only seven years after the first settlement in the state, but it was not incorporated as a
4
Early History of Berlin, Connecticut
town until 1645. It was fifteen miles from north to south and by additions made afterwards was twelve or thirteen miles in width. It extended southerly to the tract held by the New Haven Colony, now Meriden. When the first recorded census of Hartford County was taken in 1756, Middletown, then in Hartford County, was the most populous; but in 1774 Farm- ington had become the first town in the County. Its rich farming lands were very attractive to the settlers and it was known at first as Tunxis plantation, named for the Indians in that vicinity. The houses of the early settlers were mostly on what is now Main Street. In the sale of lands the Indians usually reserved certain rights of hunting and fishing and engaged on their part to warn the English of danger. The Mohawks from the valley of the Hudson were under the control of the French, and in the wars between France and England were in the habit of making raids upon the Colonies, and the exposed position of Farmington, then on the frontier, made constant vigilance necessary.
In August, 1661, the General Court made a grant of three hundred acres of land to Jonathan Gilbert, and in March of the next year a grant was made to Daniel Clark and John Moore, of 400 acres. In 1672 Jonathan Gilbert bought Clark's tract and added it to his, his land now extending from the southeastern part of New Britain as far south as the present bounds of Meriden.
Captain Andrew Belcher, a wealthy merchant of Boston, married one of Gilbert's daughters and bought the tract of his father-in-law. He then proceeded to make improvements by opening highways and building tenements. He added to his land and the southern part became known as Merideen, or Moridan, and the northern part as Great Swamp. A portion of one of the highways in the northern part, afterwards known as Christian Lane, was laid out parallel with the boundary line between Wethersfield and Farmington, and twenty-two rods west of it. It was upon this road, running directly north and south for about a mile, that the settlement of the Great Swamp society was made. It was on a portion of Belcher's
5
Early History of Berlin, Connecticut
tract that Richard Seymour and others from Farmington Center began a settlement, between 1686 and 1687. They built a fort or palisade of poles sixteen feet high sharpened at the top and driven into the ground as near together as pos- sible to keep out Indians and wild beasts. The gate was guarded and cabins were built inside and a well was dug in the center. Into this fort they all went at night for protection.
After a few years Belcher and others realized how rich the soil was in this region and questions arose as to his title to a portion of the tract. Wishing to have the matter settled he applied to the General Assembly in October, 1703; his rights were allowed and when the title to the property was cleared of all doubt the settlers built new houses, at first near the fort, afterwards at some distance north and south. They were living in the southeastern part of Farmington and there were eight or nine miles between them and the church which stood in Farmington Center. They were obliged to rise very early Sunday morning, put their guns on their shoulders and with their wives and children follow the Indian trails, over and around the mountain, to the meeting house.
There was no complaint and no expressed wish for a change until after the death of the Rev. Samuel Hooker, in 1695. There was a long interim before his successor was chosen. The paths were blocked with snow and it was difficult to attend church. Then the people of Great Swamp began to desire a minister of their own. In 1705 a petition was presented to the town of Farmington and the General Assembly for a new society. Their petitions were granted but a church was not organized until some years later. They held services in their homes and the Rev. William Burnham was engaged in 1707. He was a graduate of Harvard and came from Wethersfield. He accepted a call to settle as pastor in 1709, although he was not regularly ordained until December 10, 1712, when the house was ready and the Church organized.
There were ten members. The D. A. R. of Meriden have marked the spot where the early church stood. It was known as the Second Church of Farmington in the Great Swamp
6
Early History of Berlin, Connecticut
Parish. It was a very simple building, no chimney, no steeple, and no pulpit or permanent seats were provided until 1716.
In 1715 the people living in what is now Beckley Quarter petitioned Wethersfield that they might join the Great Swamp Society and in 1718 the people dwelling on Berlin Street and in East Berlin, both places being a part of Middletown, asked to join the Great Swamp Parish. It was necessary now to put galleries in the church.
Captain Richard Seymour who had lead the party to this settlement in the southeastern part of Farmington and had guarded the fort, did not live to see the church finished. He was killed while felling a tree and was the first one buried in what is now known as the Old Christian Lane Cemetery.
Some years have now passed and the Parish of Great Swamp has increased in numbers. The farms are rich and fertile and they do not care to be called Great Swamp. In May, 1722, they petitioned Farmington and the General Assem- bly that the name of their parish might be changed to Ken- sington. It was granted, and the Second Church of Farmington now stood in the parish of Kensington. They wished to be made a town, but Farmington and the General Assembly would not allow it and Kensington was never a town. The Parish of Kensington covered about the same area as Berlin did in 1785 when it was first set off as a town. Parishes in those days were made from a number of towns and it sometimes caused a great deal of confusion in paying the taxes.
On the farms wheat and rye had been planted and potatoes were growing in abundance. There was flax for the spinning wheels and peas were grown at a very early date; then there was an Indian bean from which they made a porridge. Whether it was the kind some liked hot, and some liked cold, and some liked in the pot nine days old, I do not know, but it was a kidney- shaped bean. There were large fields of Indian corn. On some of the land purchased by the early settlers in Farmington corn was already growing. It is said that Benjamin Franklin found a single seed of broom corn in a whisk made probably in the East Indies, and a Wethersfield man in 1797 made the first
7
Early History of Berlin, Connecticut
broom from the plant. The Indian splint brooms were used until 1800. The new corn brooms were made round at first. The woods were full of game, and ducks and geese were swim- ming on the ponds, and wild turkeys were often seen. Just below the mill in Beckley Quarter shad could be caught and in the early spring there were quantities of alewives. All this sounds very interesting but there were Indians around and the Indians were treacherous. A man could not work in his garden without having his gun where he could use it at a moment's notice.
The meeting house had now become too small and between 1729 and 1730 a vote was taken to build a new one, but where to build was the question. The site which had been selected by a vote of six was on the north side of Mill river near the old Hotchkiss place on Sargeant John Norton's lot, but there was too much opposition. Finally it was voted to decide the ques- tion by lot; The result which would have placed the site quite a distance east of the first place was unsatisfactory and they called upon the ministers from the neighboring churches to tell them if the lot were binding. They thought it was, but the people would not build; they said the lot was cast after sunset. Then they called upon the General Assembly to affix the spot and the General Assembly sent a committee. The committe chose Deacon Hart's ground which was on the north- west corner of Farmington road and Porter Pass, about oppo- site to the Mott place. The spot was chosen but nothing was done until the General Assembly told Farmington to tax them so much a head and a committee was sent from Hartford to see that the church was built. It was sixty fect by forty-five. It probably had a high pulpit with a sounding board above, square seats and galleries like those in the church in Farmington Center. A special box or stall was made for the negro servants in those days; it was high up behind the singers' gallery, as far as possible from the pulpit. It is said they provided a place for them in the church, not because they thought they had any souls worth saving but because they did not like to leave them at home. In 1774 there were 6,464 Indian and negro slaves in the Colony and that year further transportation
8
Early History of Berlin, Connecticut
was forbidden. Our forefathers always spoke of them as servants and often supported them when they were no longer useful. There was one of these servants who had belonged to Hartford people cared for in Beckley Quarter within the mem- ory of Mr. William Bulkeley.
The new building was occupied by the Second Church of Farmington in 1733. They had a drum to call the people to meeting and an hourglass to mark the length of the sermon. The Church was all properly seated according to age, list and whatever makes a man honorable, or as Whittier describes it:
To the goodly house of worship, where, in order due and fit,
As by public vote directed, classed and ranked the people sit;
Mistress first and good wife after, clerkly squire before the clown,
From the brave coat, lace-embroidered to the grey frock, shading down.
In 1750 their beloved pastor, the Rev. William Burnham, died and was buried in the Christian Lane Cemetery, which was then in the Parish of Kensington. The last years of his life were not very peaceful on account of the lack of harmony in the church. The question of the division of the Society was brought to the attention of the General Assembly every year from 1739 to 1754, when an act limiting the bounds of the Parish of Kensington and for establishing one other ecclesi- astical society in Farmington, in the County of Hartford, was granted and about fifty left the Second Church of Farmington and helped to form the first church in the Parish of New Britain in 1758.
Six years after the death of Mr. Burnham and one year after the New Britain division, the Rev. Samuel Clark was called to be pastor of the Second Church of Farmington and the vote was nearly unanimous. Hand in hand with the church went the schoolhouse. Farmington had schools at a very early date. It is said that the Tunxis Indians gathered their boy warriors together on Sundays to be taught by the white squaws, as they called them. The Chief wanted his boys to
9
Early History of Berlin, Connecticut
learn of the Great Being who was all eyes, could see all things, and could tell even the thoughts. "This was probably the first Sunday School in this country." For many years there was an Indian school in Farmington, afterwards the Indian boys attended the district schools and some of them were educated enough to do business requiring reading and writing. At first the boys in Great Swamp went to school in Farmington Center or were taught at home, and property in the new society was taxed the same as in other parts of Farmington. If there was no schoolhouse the teacher boarded and taught in private houses, going from one to the other as the shoemaker went to make shoes for the family.
It was not thought necessary to educate girls in those days; their occupation was to scour the pewter, run the spinning wheels, wash the dishes and tend the hens and geese. As late as the year 1785 the town of Northampton voted not to be at any expense for schooling girls.
For many years the control of schools was in the hands of the town. In 1650 it was made obligatory for every town with fifty householders to appoint a schoolmaster. When this obligation was extended to societies Great Swamp in 1718 appointed a committee to find out the best method for con- ducting a school. The committee reported that the Parish was so scattered they advised that it be divided into five parts or squaddoms. "The first squaddom shall be all the inhabitants south of the Mattabesett river, including Middletown neighbors; the inhabitants of Beckley Quarter, which was a part of Weth- ersfield, be another part, and all from the Mattabesett river to the river called Gilbird, northward, be another part, and from Gilbird's river northward till it include Deacon Judd and John Woodruff be another part, and the rest of the society north would make another. part" The money allowed by the society was to be divided among the squaddoms according to the list of inhabitants.
At first one teacher was hired, teaching in the different sections a few weeks at a time; afterwards there was a different teacher for each district. The system of school districts was
10
Early History of Berlin, Connecticut
established in 1766. There is an old building back of the tin shop on Deacon North's hill which was probably built about 1802. It was used for many years as a school on Worthington Ridge and stood where the little brick house now stands, oppo- site to the Worthington School. Wethersfield had a school at a very early date in what is now Beckley Quarter, and in 1748 on Savage Hill, which was then a part of Middletown. A school was taught at the home of John Savage two months in the year.
For nearly forty years our forefathers had been worship- ping in the meeting house on the northwest corner of Farmington road and Porter Pass. The house had needed repairing and for a number of years they had been asking for another division. In 1772 they called upon the General Assembly to settle the matter. Their petition was granted and a committee consisting of Col. Worthington of Springfield, Col. Oliver Partridge of Hatfield and Mr. Eldad Taylor of Westfield was appointed. They advised a division into two distinct ecclesiastical societies, and the Society of Kensington was divided into two new parishes, one to be named Worthington after Col. Worthington and the other to take the old name of Kensington. The line between the parishes was the same as it is today. Wherever the General Assembly drove the stake there the church had to be built. The building now used for the Worthington school was the old meeting house in the Worthington Society, while the one in the new Kensington Parish is still occupied as a church.
For a while they continued to worship together in the Second Church of Farmington, which now stood in the Worthington Parish and the old Christian Lane Cemetery was also in the Worthington Parish. When the Second Church of Farmington was pulled down some of the timbers were used in building the two new churches. "It was voted in the Worthington Society, September 28, that this Society will draw off from the old meeting house and meet the first time for the opening the new meeting house on Thursday ye 13th day of October, 1774," and it was voted "March 16, 1775, that this Society do make a grant and donation of our part of ye old meeting house, as
11
Early History of Berlin, Connecticut
it now stands to any persons in the Society who will mutually agree by the first day of April next and be at the cost of taking down and removing the same, for the purpose of Sabbath or horse house, etc., near our present meeting house." There were ninety-five members. The church in the new Kensington Society was dedicated December 1, 1774, with eighty-nine members. They could not divide the Rev. Samuel Clark who was settled over the Second Church of Farmington, so both societies gave him a call. He deliberated he had been their pastor for eighteen years and it was hard for him to see his flock divided, but he had built himself a house in the new Ken- sington Parish so he thought it best for him to be settled in that society, and he became their first pastor. He was not able to serve them very long because he left this world November 6, 1775.
There is one pewter tankard remaining from the early communion service. Whether two were all they ever owned I do not know, but I read of a minister in one of the New England meeting houses complaining of the Lord's table not being pro- vided with aught else but two pewter tankards.
Berlin was set off as a town in 1785. The first town meet- ing was held in Kensington Parish June 13, 1785, and a committee was appointed to settle accounts with Farmington and adjust all matters between Farmington and Berlin and similar com- mittees were appointed for Middletown and Wethersfield.
The first annual meeting was held in the New Britain Parish, December 5, 1785. The next year the annual meeting was held in the Worthington Society. Afterwards the town meetings continued to be held in rotation in the three societies, usually in the meeting houses. For convenience sake the church in the New Kensington Parish was called the First Church of Berlin, and the Rev. Royal Robbins always spoke of it as the First Church of Berlin in the Kensington Society. The church in the New Britain Parish was named the Second Church of Berlin, and the Worthington church was the Third. When New Britain was set off from Berlin in 1850, the Wor- thington church became the Second Congregational Church of
12
Early History of Berlin, Connecticut
Berlin. All this does not seem so very long ago when we realize that the home of the Rev. William Burnham, beloved pastor of the Second Church of Farmington, was pulled down in 1911, and Miss Hannah Root is living in a house which was built in 1712 and there is a barn on her place which was erected in 1705. Yet how many changes there have been in those two hundred years, in modes of living and ways of thinking. Our Puritan forefathers would be astonished at many things we do.
Berlin has become a beautiful village with fine residences and attractive roads for driving and automobiling, while the little parish of New Britain which belonged to Berlin until 1850, is a great manufacturing center, and thousands of its foreign workmen were familiar with the name of New Britain before leaving their native lands.
Thanks are due for historical information to the New Britain and Wethersfield histories, and to Miss C. M. North and Mr. William Bulkeley of Berlin.
At a General Assembly of the Governor and company of the Colony of Connecticut Holden at New Haven on the Second Thurs- day of October, Anno Domini 1772;
Upon the Memorial of the Society of Kensington in the Town of Farmington, in the County of Hartford, by their agent showing to this Assembly that it is best and absolutely necessary for their mutual peace and real happiness as well as from their limits, situation, extent and wealth and other re- spects, that said Society should be divided into two distinct Ecclesiastical Societies by a north and south line which they have a long time labored to effect, and said Society having now mutually agreed that the most reasonable line of division will be in the following manner and form: (to wit) Beginning at the south line of the said Society at the place where the river called Belcher's river crosses the said line, thence extending northerly by said river until it comes to the Four Rods High- way, so called, thence on the same highway until it comes to the south side of Selah Heart, Esq.'s, land thence east on the
13
Early History of Berlin, Connecticut
line of said Heart's land to the same river again, thence north- erly a direct course, leaving said Heart's now land on the west; if any of it should happen to fall cast of said course to a point on the highway ten feet east of Deacon Ebenezer Heart's dwell- ing house, from thence north to the north line of said Society, to include however the whole of said Deacon Heart's farm on which he now dwells in said West Society.
And it is also further agreed that one or other of said Societies so to be divided will accept and receive the Reverend Mr. Clark, the present pastor, for their minister as he shall choose, and that such of such Societies with whom he shall incline to continue shall and will in future engage to perform and fulfill to him the contract now subsisting between him and said Society of Kensington:
And it is also further agreed that the most convenient and suitable place for building a meeting house in said cast proposed Society is at a stake set near a maple tree in the divid- ing line between the lots of Solomon Dunham and Benjamin Galpin, and the most convenient place for that purpose in said west part is a little westward of the dwelling house of Daniel Cole Jun. where a stake was lately set up between two large stones in the middle of the highway. And said Society by their agents Selah Heart, Esq., and Jedediah Norton now moving that said line of division and the places fixed for the building of meeting houses may be satisfied and established, and that such of said Societies with whom the said Mr. Clark shall incline to continue may be held to fulfill to him the contract now subsisting as aforesaid, and that cach of said Societies may be enabled to proceed in the building of a meeting house at the places aforesaid, as per memorial and the votes and doings of said Society, etc., appears.
Wherefore and that peace and harmony may be restored to them, etc. It is resolved by this Assembly that the said Society of Kensington shall be and the same is hereby divided into two distinct Ecclesiastical Societies with full powers and privileges as other Societies by law have and do enjoy according to the lines, bounds and limits before mentioned and described,
14
Early History of Berlin, Connecticut
and that West Society shall retain and be called by the name of Kensington and that the said East Society shall be called by the name of Worthington and that such of said Societies with whom the said Mr. Clark shall choose or signify his willing- ness or desire to continue as their minister, shall for the future perform and fulfil to him the contract now subsisting between him and said whole Society so long as he shall remain in the work of the ministry among them.
And it is further resolved and ordered that the several places fixed for the building of meeting houses as aforesaid shall and the same are hereby established to be the most proper and convenient for that purpose and each of said two Societies shall have full power, and full power and authority is hereby given to them by their Major Vote to lay taxes and raise and levy money for the building of such house or houses at the places aforesaid as they shall severally so vote and agree to build and erect for Divine and public worship in said Societies.
And whereas the interest of the Reverend Mr. Clark may be materially affected by the division aforesaid and by his being obliged to remove from his present situation it is therefore further resolved that Colonel Jabez Hamlin, Major Erastus Wollcott and Major Elisha Williams be and they are hereby appointed a committee with full power to notify all concerned and to examine into and consider of all circumstances relative to the said Mr. Clark's interest, and for the same may be affected by the division aforesaid and what compensation if any ought to be made him and by whom and generally whatever shall appear necessary or expedient that full and complete justice may be done to the said Reverend Mr. Clark in the premises and report their opinion thereon to this Assembly in May next, unless some previous agreement shall be come into con- cerning the matters aforesaid.
The foregoing is a true copy from the original entry.
That is attested by Samuel Heart, Societies Clerk.
Attested by me,
ROGER RILEY, Clerk.
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