USA > Connecticut > The story of the Twenty-first Regiment, Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, during the Civil War. 1861-1865 > Part 1
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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34
Gc 973.74 C76con 1758048
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01757 0752
Gc
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center
http://www.archive.org/details/storyoftwentyfir00hubb
THE STORY
- - OF
2/07
The Twenty-First Regiment,
CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEER INFANTRY,
DURING
THE CIVIL WAR.
1861-1865_
1
BY MEMBERS OF THE REGIMENT.
MIDDLETOWN, CONN. :
PRESS OF THE STEWART PRINTING CO.
1900%
1758048
-
.
COLONEL ARTHUR H. DUTTON. APPOINTED BRIGADIER GENERAL BY BREVET. TO DATE FROM MAY 16, 1364.
F 8349 .056
Connecticut infantry. 21st regt., 1862-1865.
The story of the Twenty-first regiment. Connectiest volunteer infantry, during the civil war. 1861-1865. Br members of the regiment. Middletown, Conn., Press of the Stewart printing co., 1900.
xx, 448, 50 p. incl. illus., plates, ports., maps. front., 2 fold. maps. 213em. Committee : W. S. Hubbell, D. D. Brown and A. M. Crane.
1. U. S. - Hist. - Civil war - Regimental histories - Conn .- 21st regt. I. Hubbell, William Stone, 1837- II. Brown, Delos D., 1838-
III. Crane, Alvin Millen, 1839-
Library of Congress
E.499.5.21st 1-2616
Recat - Copy 2.
DEDICATION.
To the widows and orphans of our gallant dead whose homes were desolated by the ruthless hand of war, and whose dear ones gave their lives for their country, this Record is affectionately inscribed, with the hope that memories of their soldier-dead may ever incite to nobler lives and to greater love of God and Home and Native Land.
" Nor shall their glory be forgot While fame her record keeps, Or honor points the hallowed spot Where valor proudly sleeps."
7
20050
COMMITTEE'S PREFACE.
While the achievements of the Federal Army and Navy during the Civil War are recorded alike in the official papers on file at Washington, and in more glowing terms in the pages of countless national and state histories, there still remains unwritten much that is worthy of record in the personal and collective history of regimental organizations. That these should have a place among the chronicles of the grandest war the world has ever seen, it is hardly necessary to say.
The survivors of the Twenty-First Regiment of Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, proud of their record and achievements during three years of active service, feel that it is due to their children and those who may come after them, that their experiences in camp, in bivouac and on the field of battle should be more fully recorded than has yet been done. It was for this reason that at a meeting of the Regimental Association the following named committee was appointed to prepare for publication such material as might prove available : ?
Captain W. S. Hubbell, Captain D. D. Brown, Captain A. M. Crane.
While the committee was well aware of the importance of the work intrusted to it, its members did not anticipate the unavoid- able delays that have intervened nor the obstacles that have proved almost insurmountable in gathering the facts and incidents essen-
vi
tial to a fairly complete record of more than three eventful years. They were also greatly hampered by the fact that almost the whole work had to be accomplished through correspondence by mail. One member of the committee lives in New York, another in Massachusetts, while only one of them resides in the parent State of Connecticut. They could not often meet to compare notes, and in fact it has never been possible to secure a regular meeting of the full committee. How much more difficult, then, must it have been to collect material from the rank and file of the regiment, scattered as it was throughout the state and largely throughout the Union ?
Inexorable Time is chargeable with many of the apparent delays, and the procrastination common to our fallen nature may be held responsible for the rest. Details and incidents fade and become indistinct as the events with which they are identified recede into a remoter past. Delays that are really unavoidable for reasons that seem good and sufficient to the committee, appear inexcusable in the eyes of comrades to whom the conditions are unfamiliar and who look only to the desired reality of having the volume in hand.
Such meagre data came in response to repeated appeals that the completion of the task has seemed at times almost hopeless. Undertaken as a labor of love, the work has proved far more exacting than was anticipated and has been full of discouragements which only those engaged in its fulfillment can appreciate.
The committee has endeavored to make the book, so far as possible, strictly a regimental history, not a general criticism on the conduct of the war. Irrelevant matter has been largely excluded and references to other regiments and organizations have been usually made only when the situation could not otherwise be clearly set forth.
In the preparation of this volume no complete personal journals or diaries were available. The committee has been unable to learn that any such were kept from day to day during the progress of the war. Private letters and individual reminiscences have to some extent been secured and much has been gleaned from the records of the State Adjutant General's Office and from other official sources.
vii
Every effort has been made to verify important statements by trustworthy authority or from personal evidence, and it is believed that the result is a fairly accurate and reasonably complete narra- tive of the Regimental History.
It is not claimed that the regiment merits more than its fair share of the glory due from battles in which it participated. The committee has striven to be just and generous, but battalions, like individuals, must needs see events from their own point of view, and in personal narrative the narrator necessarily assumes a some- what prominent place. If in the following pages the gallant deeds of the whole Union army are not always specified in detail, the fault must be ascribed to the conditions, not to any intentional lack of justice or generosity.
In the perusal of this volume the reader will doubtless find many omissions and inaccuracies. Some comrade may not improbably discover that after all his faithful and perhaps distinguished service his name is misspelled on the Roll of Honor, or perchance some meritorious action whereof he is justly proud may have been altogether overlooked. Such, alas! is the fortune of those about whom books are made, and upon the heads of those who make the books maledictions invariably fall.
It has been the aim of the committee to make this history a record, so far as possible, of the private soldier who never wore on his sleeve so much as a corporal's chevron, but who bore his part in the great conflict without expectation of material reward, and with no reasonable prospect of promotion. Many, even of the most worthy, are nameless here. Their stories are either lost, or exist as faint unrecorded memories, to be revived only at second hand. It may well be that the friends of many noble men will feel aggrieved, in that certain gallant and self sacrificing deeds have been overlooked. They cannot regret this more than does the committee itself. Every conspicuous act of gallantry that has come to light in complete form has been recorded. Deeds of daring and devotion ennobled the lives of many men. The limi- tations of book-making stand ever in the way of perfect attain- ment.
viii
Especial acknowledgment is due to the following comrades :
George T. Meech, Benijah E. Smith, Henry B. Lawrence, Robert A. Gray, J. Gideon Palmer, Howard A. Camp.
Special thanks are also due to Major C. E. Dutton, of the U. S. Ordnance Corps, for securing original maps of battle-fields from the Engineer's Office at Washington, D. C., and to all those who have kindly aided the committee with contributions of interest, and who have so generously contributed to the " guarantee fund," and thereby helped to make the work a financial success.
The information derived through them has done much to lighten the labors of the committee and has afforded encouragement in many ways To all others who have in any way rendered assistance most hearty thanks are extended.
Finally, this volume is sent forth, not without full consciousness of its imperfections. It is offered with loyal greetings to all army comrades, to their children who may treasure it for their sake, and to the friends of the Regiment who may read the record of those who went forth to battle thirty-eight years ago in the vigor of youth and who now rest in soldiers' graves beneath the flag for which they so bravely fought.
W. S. HUBBELL,) A. M. CRANE, Committee.
D. D. BROWN,
CHAPTER VI.
THE ADVANCE INTO VIRGINIA-Captain A. M. Crane, - 5I
CHAPTER VII.
FREDERICKSBURG -- Captain A. M. Crane, - - 61 CALL FOR VOLUNTEERS-CORPORAL PALMER AND OTHERS, 75 LETTER -- Lieutenant Frank Fowler, - 85
CHAPTER VIII.
FALMOUTH AND NEWPORT NEWS -- Captain A. M. Crane, Sg
CHAPTER IX.
THE SIEGE OF SUFFOLK-Captain A. M. Crane, - - 102 GENERAL ORDERS NO. 28, BY BRICADIER-GENERAL, GEORGE
W. GETTY, - -
117
LETTER-SERGEANT W. B. AVERY,
-
-
-
- 122
CHAPTER X.
BOWERS' HILL, WHITE HOUSE, YORKTOWN - Captain A. M. Crane, - - 125
CHAPTER XI.
PROVOST LIFE AT PORTSMOUTH AND NORFOLK-Captain
WV. S. Hubbell, - - - 137
EXTRACT : OLD DOMINION NEWSPAPER, -
- 157
CHAPTER XII.
BY LAND AND SEA-Captain D. D. Brown, -
- 159 LETTER-Captain D. D. Brown, -
-
- 176
CHAPTER XIII.
THE BATTLE OF DREWRY'S BLUFF-Captain W. S. Hubbell, 178 CASUALTIES, OFFICIAL, - -
WOUNDING OF COLONEL ARTHUR H. DUTTON, - -
- 200 WOUNDING OF COLONEL BURPEE. - - - 201 EXTRACT OF LETTERS-Colonel Thomas F. Burpee, - - 202
xi
CHAPTER XIV.
OPERATIONS ON AND NEAR THE JAMES RIVER-Captain
D. D. Brown, - · 205 - - REPORTS OF MAJOR HIRAM B. CROSBY, 206-207 DEATH OF COLONEL DUTTON, - - - 207 - -
DEATH OF COLONEL THOMAS F. BURPEE, - -
SKETCH OF COLONEL DUTTON-Major Clarence E.
- 208 Dutton, U. S. A., .
- .
- 213
CHAPTER XV.
THE BATTLE OF COLD HARBOR-Captain W. S. Hubbell, 217 SKETCH OF COLONEL THOMAS F. BURPEE, - -
- 250
CHAPTER XVI.
IN THE TRENCHES-Captain Walter P. Long, -
- 268 A JUST AND AGREEABLE ORDER, - - 272
INCIDENTS OF THE SIEGE, - - 272
CHAPTER XVII.
REPORT OF OPERATIONS-Major- General George J. Stanard, 277
CHAPTER XVIII.
BATTLE OF FORT HARRISON-Captain W. S. Hubbell, - 2 S7
APPENDIX TO BATTLE OF FORT HARRISON, - 296
CHAPTER XIX.
FROM FORT HARRISON TO FREDERICKSBURG RAID-Captain
W. S. Hubbell, - - - -
- - - - 312
FREDERICKSBURG RAID -- Captain W. S. Hubbell, - 327 .
CASUALTIES,
-
. 343
CHAPTER XX.
BERMUDA HUNDRED-Captain A. M. Crane, - - HIGH COMMENDATION, - - -
. 345
- 349
POEM-Theron Brown, -
- - 354 SKETCH OF CHAPLAIN THOMAS G. BROWN -- B. E. Smith, - 355
xii
CHAPTER XXI.
OPERATIONS-FALL OF 1864, - -
- 357 SKETCH OF LIEUTENANT F. W. H. BUELL, -
-
- 369
CHAPTER XXII.
THE PRECIOUS MEMORIES OF THE VETERAN-Captain - - 370
W. S. Hubbell, - -
CHAPTER XXIII.
INCIDENTS AND COINCIDENTS-THE OLD ARMY SONGS, - 386
BEAN SOUP, -
- 387
POEM-ON THE POTOMAC, - - - -
- 392
THE ANIMATED FENCE, -
- - 394 PECULIARITIES OF GENERAL BUTLER-Captain E. S. Wheeler 405
LETTER FROM GENERAL DEVENS, - 408
RECORD OF SERVICE, - - - -
- 410
PENSION OFFICE RECORD, - -
- - -
- 412
GOVERNOR'S PROCLAMATION, - - - - - 414 -
CHAPTER XXIV.
END OF THE WAR, - - - -
-
-
- 416
MEDALS OF HONOR, -
-
-
- - - 429
THE UNION DEAD, - - -
-
- -
- 430
APPENDIX, -
- 432
DEDICATION OF MONUMENT,
HISTORICAL ADDRESS-Captain A. M. Crane, - -
- 435 - 437
REGIMENTAL ROSTER, - After Dedication of Monument
.
-
-
xiii
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE.
COLONEL ARTHUR H. DUTTON, - - - . Frontispiece
COLONEL THOMAS F. BURPEE, - - -
-
- 9
COLONEL HIRAM B. CROSBY, -
- 17
LIEUTENANT-COLONEL JAMES F. BROWN, 31 -
MAJOR CHARLES T. STANTON, JR.,
41
LINE-UP FOR COFFEE, -
- 44
A HOT TIME IN DIXIE, -
-
- 50
STUCK, - - .
- 60
MAP OF PETERSBURG,
Opposite 72 -
MAJOR WILLIAM SPITTLE, - -
٦٠ - 88
BREVET-MAJOR WILLIAM S. HUBBELL, - 97
MAP OF RICHMOND AND VICINITY,
Opposite 104 - 119
BREVET-MAJOR JEREMIAH M. SHEPARD,
. 124
CHAPLAIN THOMAS G. BROWN, - -
- 133
A HALT ON A HOT DAY BESIDE GOOD WATER, MAJOR-GENERAL AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE, - DR. WRIGHT'S COFFIN, -
- 145
- 151
- APANDONED, -
- 158
BRIGADIER-GENERAL GUY V. HENRY, -
- 161
BRIGADIER-GENERAL EDWARD HARLAND, 171
-
WASH DAY, -
BUSINESS AHEAD,
- 1 36
xiv
BUTLER'S DEFENSES AT BERMUDA HUNDRED, -
- 175
SUPPLIES, -
-
- 177
GROUP OF OFFICERS, - -
- 183
GROUP OF OFFICERS, -
-
- 193
GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT, -
- 204
GROUP OF OFFICERS, -
- 209
SURGEONS AT WORK, - - 216
- 225
MAP OF COLD HARBOR,
- 234
GROUP OF OFFICERS, - -
241
GROUP,
- 25 1
GROUP, -
- 257
GROUP,
- 263
THE COMMISSARY'S QUARTERS IN WINTER CAMP, -
267
GROUP, - - 273 -
" GOT ANY PIES FOR SALE, AUNTY?" 276
283
GROUP,
THE COLORS AND PART OF THE COLOR GUARD, 297
OFFICERS AND NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS COMPANY D, 3º5
TALKING IT OVER, - - 311
RIFLE PITS IN FRONT OF PETERSBURG, - - -
- 313
- 321 DISPATCHES, - - -
RELICS IN EXCHANGE HOTEL, FREDERICKSBURG, COMRADE
LEANDER COTTON, PROPRIETOR, - 329
MAP OF VIRGINIA CAMPAIGNS, -
- 337
REBEL SCOUTS, - -
- - - 344
ENCAMPMENT OF U. S. TROOPS AT NEWPORT NEWS, VA., 349
AN ALL DAY'S MARCH, - 350
MUSICIAN JOHN BOLLES, - -
-
- 358
CORPORAL JOHN G. PALMER, - - - 364
SNOWBALL, THE COLONEL'S ORDERLY,
- 371
BATTLE OF CHAPIN'S FARM,
-
- 3So
- 385 STRAGGLERS, - - -
SERGEANT JEROME B. BALDWIN,
- 391
ESTABLISHING AN ARMY TELEGRAPH, -
- 393
QUARTERMASTER-SERGEANT E. S. WHEELER,
1
. 393
-
-
-
GROUP,
289
GROUP, - - .
XV
SERGEANT JOHN C. LADD,
-
-
-
-
- 404
SKIRMISH LINE, - -
-
-
-
-
-
- 412
THANKSGIVING DINNER, -
-
-
-
- 415
CAPTAIN WALTER P. LONG,
417
LIEUTENANT COURTLAND G. STANTON,
-
- 417
SHARPSHOOTERS, -
- 420
WOOL-GATHERING IN OLD VIRGINIA, -
-
-
- 426
MISFITS, -
- 428
BULLET-PROOF IN WOODS, .
-
-
43[
MONUMENT, - 1 -
-
. 434
.
1
J
INTRODUCTION.
The transition from the quiet and peaceful life of the citizen to that of the soldier was, to say the least, rather sudden. Very few of the boys who hastened to don the blue had any knowledge of the life and duties of a soldier. It was hardly to be expected that they would at once be able to march in time with the music of the Union, and in fact some few there were who never, during all their service, mastered the mysteries of the cadenced step. How well you all remember how patiently and diligently the awkward squad was drilled in the school of the soldier, and how hard it was to impart the idea of the touch of elbow and the uniform step. "Left ! left ! left !" in common, quick and double time resounded across the parade ground from morning till night, and the refrain was soon set to music and chanted when off duty or lining up for rations.
" We left a good home When we left, left, We left a good home when we left."
Few of us had any idea that we should be long in putting down the rebellion, and we supposed that enlisting for three years, or during the war, was only a matter of form, and that of course we should quickly wipe the enemy off the face of the earth, and should be back at home again within a year at most. And so we shut our yes to the three years' part of the contract and put all our trust in the saving clause, " or during the war," and went gaily forth
xviii
to those long and weary years of terrible strife. Fortunately we cannot look into the future and do not know what is before us.
It was well that those dread, yet inspiring, three years of field service were to us a sealed book, and that we gained our experi- ence " on the installment plan." And what a fearful experience it was, to men trained only in the industrial pursuits of peace, this sudden induction into the very vortex of one of the most bloody wars of the centuries.
The wounded soldier who was returning home, torn and crippled in one of the battles, excited the sympathy of some of the passengers on the train, and one elderly gentleman, who took quite an interest in his case, among other things remarked, " My boy, you have had a terrible experience, haven't you. I suppose you would not like to go through it again."
" Yes," said the soldier, " I have had a terrible experience. I wouldn't sell my experience for one hundred thousand dollars, and I would not go through it again for one hundred million."
And yet he had been getting thirteen dollars a month besides his rations and experience. Who says the soldier was not well paid ?
This soldier was only a private soldier, the highest type of thou- sands of the noble men who left good homes and families, to travel up mountain sides, with blistered feet. through morass and swamp, through storm and tempest, through heat and cold, by day and night, with bodies bruised and broken by disease, with even his own will subjected to the will of another -- all for the sake of fight- ing for the supremacy of law, and to die, if need be, for the dear old flag, seeking and expecting no honors and no titles save that of being enrolled among the patriotic defenders of his country. Such was the Private Soldier-" the noblest Roman of them all." But a generation of men have come and gone since the days of the Rebellion, and our comrades are steadily passing over the river.
It is indeed a long time since the war. " Who knows better than we know how far away the war is. A third of a century has brought the youngest of its soldiers to middle life, and has placed flags over most of them, and nearly all the great leaders have taken rank in history by the anal promotion of death. Millions who had never seen our shores when the war closed, now share with us its heritage of peace. Its battles are legends in their
xix
ears. Its songs confuse their tongues. But to them and their posterity, as to us and ours, the widening promise of the victory runs. They are joint heirs with us of men whose muskets held a continent for free labor and gave to mankind a more perfect re- public. They follow with us a flag woven of old memories and new liberties, and will at last rest with us, and all our native gener- ations, in a soil more truly American, since it was held to the uses of freemen by the blood of many races. The battles of 1861 to 1865 will outlast in story this generation and their descendants, and will shine across whatever lapse of time like mountain peaks aflame. And when the last departing soldier of us all turns for a last salute, be sure he will see, beyond the years of peace, through all the mists of age, the flags of Appomattox and the face of Grant."
1
xx
GOVERNOR'S ORDER.
The Twenty-First Connecticut Volunteer Infantry was recruited under General Orders No. 99, issued by Governor W. A. Bucking- ham, on August 13, 1862, providing that-" Seven regiments will be organized from companies which now compose the active militia, and from those which may be organized under these orders prior to the first day of September next."
Under this authorization, all the infantry regiments from the Fifteenth to the Twenty-First inclusive, were raised and sent to the front. The preceding call for troops had been made by Governor Buckingham on May 22, 1862, that-" volunteers be enrolled sufficient to organize a regiment to be designated the Fourteenth Regiment of Infantry." The regiments, subsequent to the Twenty-First, were enlisted for nine months only.
I
Regimental Beginnings.
CHAPTER I.
REGIMENTAL BEGINNINGS.
(1862.)
The Twenty-first Regiment of Connecticut Volunteer Infantry was organized during a period of almost unparal- leled military activity. The regiment left the state for the seat of war on September 11, 1862. On the same day the Twentieth Regiment of Volunteers left its camp in New Haven for the same destination .. During the three weeks ending September 15th eight regiments of three years' men left the state, to be followed by seven other regiments of nine months' men before winter. All this was accomplished in so brief a period, though thirteen regiments had been raised and equipped since the spring of the preceding year. In a close political contest just before the war, the whole state polled but 84,015 votes. Yet before the close of a four years' war Connecticut had placed to her credit at Washington 48, 181 soldiers to serve. for three years. Her enlistments were equivalent to this number of three years' men, the actual number of individual enlistments being much larger.
Such was the zeal of the state in furnishing men that she ran ahead of her quota and no apportionment was made to her on the last call of the President for 300,000 men. There were only three states in the Union that surpassed this t. cord, and these were in the West, where the proportion of men was relatively greater than in the East. Though there
2
Twenty-first Regiment Connecticut Volunteers.
was such a prodigality of numbers, there was no depreciation in the quality. Out of 2,340.who responded to the first call for three months' men, five hundred afterwards became com- missioned officers in other regiments. Of the early enlistments of which the rank and file were composed, the Adjutant- General of the state truly says : "Connecticut has sent to the war the flower of her young men."
If we compare this period with those memorable years following 1775 when General Putnam left his plow in the furrow to hasten to the seat of war, we shall find greater ardor now to preserve the country when assailed, than to secure its independence at the first. In 1777, when the Con- tinental Congress made an appeal for 80,000 men, it was met on the part of the thirteen colonies by forwarding only 34,820 men for the Continental army. Says Professor Fiske: "Had the country put forth its strength in 1781 as it did in 1864, an army of 90,000 might have overwhelmed Clinton at the North and Cornwallis at the South without asking any favor of the French fleet. Had it put forth its full strength in 1777, four years of active warfare might have been spared."
That the people had no special taste or liking for military life is apparent from the fact that the militia system was so completely out of gear in 1861, that the State of Connecticut had not a single regiment with which to meet the President's first call for soldiers. Of the first company of three months' men, only one soldier had ever seen active service-only two had ever served in the state militia. One of the officers of the Twenty-first states that in 1850, when a boy living near Hart- ford, his father allowed him the unprecedented favor of absence from school in order to witness the last parade of a local militia company before disbanding. With this privi- lege of seeing the parade, the father, who was a clergyman, added the prediction, " You will never see another military parade in this region." Surely this was a condition of affairs truly wonderful, when a people, occupied with its peaceful
3
Regimental Beginnings.
avocations, at a word drops its implements of industry to seize unfamiliar weapons of war and to fight as a bear robbed of her whelps.
To understand the cause of this great uprising in which the Twenty-first Regiment had its origin, we must go back a little in history to consider that period of intense moral earnestness respecting the spread of slavery in our free territories. If you stand on the bank of a river and ask for the origin of the stream flowing at your feet, you are led back to remote causes -- to the rain and snow that fell months before-to the earth that absorbed them-to the thousands of reservoirs which collected the water to send it forth again in as many little rivulets. These uniting one with another combine to form the river. So with the causes that led to the formation of the mighty army of volunteers that during the war hastened to the conflict of a hundred battle-fields, singing as they went, "We are coming, Father Abraham, three hundred thousand strong."
The people had been intelligent participators in the great controversy between the North and the South respecting slavery. The impassioned debates in Congress upon this question had been read throughout the North and had there awakened the same spirit on the part of the reader as had been manifested by the speaker. Village lyceums took up these questions and in animated debate fought over again the battles of Congress. The discussions attending the national elections tended to define more clearly the points of contro- versy at issue. Resolutions condemning slavery were passed by religious bodies. Ministers preached against it. Three thousand New England clergymen signed a petition to Con- gress urging repressive legislation respecting slavery. The question was discussed in village stores and at the home fire- sides. Abolition speakers from the lecture platform por- tried its evils. Visitors to the South returning, confirmed the impressions already made respecting the evils of slavery. The press opened its columns to the discussion of its pros and
4
Twenty-first Regiment Connecticut Volunteers.
cons. In 1852 appeared that inimitable book, " Uncle Tom's Cabin," of such marked type, that before the end of the year, it was translated into nine European languages. It has been dramatized in twenty forms and acted in every capital of Europe and all the free states of America.
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