USA > Connecticut > Hartford County > Hartford > Christ church, Hartford, Volume I > Part 15
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2
Caleb Pond
3 Horatia G. Hale
I
Samuel Bowles
3 George Webster
1 Ţ
Alfred Bliss .
3 Aaron Colton
I
James Lathrop
3
Caleb Church
I
George Corning
3 Benja Fowler
I
Isaac D. Bull .
3
David Greenleaf
1
Jeremiah Brown
3 and as much old brass as
Horace Burr .
3 sold for
1.56
Elisha Colt 3
David Porter .
5
I86
CHRIST CHURCH, HARTFORD.
Christr Colt .
3 Gurdon Robins, copper sold for 1. 76
Turner & Sheldon, in bell rope I Samuel Driggs, in work I
Freeman Crocker, 2 days work 3 David Knox, I days work 1.33
Moses Burr
2 George White, 2 days work 2.67
$559.25
SUBSCRIPTION FOR ORGAN, ISII.
Dec 11. Record of the names of the persons who sub- scribed for the purchase of an Organ in Christ Church in this City, & of the sums subscribed by them.
Hartford Dec. 11, 181I.
Dollars
Dollars
John Morgan
20
Amt br° up
282
Samuel Tudor Jun.
20
James M. Goodwin
5
Thomas Glover
20
Henry Arnold
5
Wm H. Imlay
20
Anson Brewster
5
James Ward
20
Joseph Wheeler
5
Charles Sigourney
20
Christopher Saunders
5
Michael Olcott
20
Nathan Morgan
5
Roswell Bartholomew
20
Asa Farwell
5
Seth Whiting
20
Moses Tryon Jun.
5
John Pierce
20
Samuel Ledlie
5
J. Bonjes
20
Joshua P. Burnham
5
Thomas Lloyd
12
Nathaniel Bunce
5
Roland Lee
10
Henry King
5
Eliakim Hitchcock
10
Asahel Saunders
2
Talcott Wolcott
IO
David Frink Jun.
2
Anson Hayden
IO
Aaron Colton 2ª
2
Cyprian Nichols
5
Seth Terry
2
Jeremy Hoadley
5
Amount carried tip
282
350
There is no formal resignation of Mr. Rayner upon the records of the parish; but it was probably on the fourteenth of October, 1811, at the termination of the last six months of his service. From the Treasurer's book it appears that he was paid on the 24th of this month $441.20, which "includes his services for one Sunday extra." This settlement was supposed to be complete and final. He left immediately for Huntington, having been called to the rectorship of the church there, and had
187
IMPORTANT VOTES AND COMMENTS.
promised to call on Bishop Jarvis, at New Haven, and obtain canonical consent to his dismissal from Christ Church. But in his hurry he failed to do so, or did not ask for his dismissal, as will be seen from the correspond- ence which follows. As the parish was about to call as his successor the Rev. Philander Chase, it was necessary that this document should be first obtained, and therefore the wardens addressed a letter to the Bishop, which is subjoined, together with the Bishop's reply.
Mr. Hoadly places it mildly when he says that there " had been dissatisfaction" with Mr. Rayner. He was the first settled rector of the parish, and for the greater part of the ten years he was connected with it had doubtless served it well and to general satisfaction. He was good-natured in his temper, easy in his manners, of fair abilities as a clergyman, and attended to his parish with apparent faithfulness. If he was fond of controversy, it was with the Congregationalists, whose Calvinism he was always ready to denounce. And in this he was probably a pretty fair representative of a large proportion of the Episco- palians of the State. Certainly he represented that con- siderable number of people who had no sympathy with the "standing order," and who would not contribute to its support. As these men were obliged to pay some- where for the support of religion, they chose to contribute to the aid of a denomination which they could tolerate, rather than to one which they hated; and so some con- nected themselves with the Episcopalians, and some with the Baptists. It was the beginning of a political union with the republicans, which afterwards effected a revolu- tion in the State. Some of these became faithful mem- bers of the Episcopal Church, and so remained with their families; and some afterwards, as opportunity offered, joined other religious bodies which were more in sympa- thy with their own views.
Of those who paid their tax in Christ Church, I sup-
188
CHRIST CHURCH, HARTFORD.
pose there were not a few who had no special liking for _ the Episcopal Church, except that it shielded them from the Congregationalists. Some of them may have attended at public worship, and most of them doubtless did, and looked to the rector for whatever services they or their families required.
It is evident that Mr. Rayner sympathized with these persons; he was often fighting the same enemy, and naturally the combatants entertained a friendly feeling for one another; they might differ widely on some points, but they agreed fully upon one, which in their opinion was important. The consequence was a union which tided them over present difficulties, and gave them an opportunity for the claim of "liberty of conscience," which sometimes is but the exercise of a very obstinate self-will.
The teachings of Mr. Rayner had become not wholly acceptable. Dr. Beardsley, in his " History of the Episco- pal Church in Connecticut," says, " he left Hartford in the autumn of 1811 -some warm friends desiring his stay, and the majority of the parish as desirous of a change that [in the words of John Morgan, the senior warden, in a letter to Bishop Jarvis] they might "continue together in the true Church, without schism or separation." I have heard some of the old people of the parish speak very kindly of him, principally from his good nature and easy familiarity. Endeavoring, some years since, to learn the cause of his leaving, I was told " that he would ride upon a truck with -, and set up nights catching rats with -," which was all true. Although he was the first rector to experience a "gentle pressure " which sent him away, unpleasantly, he was not, however, the last.
The salary of Mr. Rayner was six hundred dollars per annum ; not a large sum surely, but quite as much as the parish could afford to pay, and this he probably recog-
189
IMPORTANT VOTES AND COMMENTS.
nized. It had been promised him in quarterly payments, which promise had not been punctually kept. However, of this there is no apparent complaint on his part, with one exception. In addition to his duties as rector of Christ Church, he acted for a short time as missionary to the few churchmen at Warehouse Point, and cheerfully it is believed, receiving from them one hundred dollars a year. He says, "during the summer and fall of two suc- cessive years, after preaching twice in Hartford on the Sabbath, I used to travel twelve miles and preach a third time at a place called Warehouse Point, in East Windsor." On one of these Sunday evenings there was to be a meet- ing of the vestry of Christ Church at Mr. Olcott's, "to consult upon the affairs of the parish," and as he was not able to be present, he sent them an epistle in verse, which has been called " The Dunning Letter," reminding them of their dues to him of two or three hundred dollars. The poetical merit is not very great, but "it had the effect to relieve me [him] at once from the aforenamed embarrassment, for the very next day the amount due was handed over."
The letter, together with the preface, was published on a half letter sheet subsequently, and was in circulation among his friends. There is no date connected with it, but it was printed perhaps when he was the minister of the Universalist Society in this city. A copy of the Epistle was furnished me by Mr. John E. Morris; it may be found in full in the Bontecou Genealogy. My only recollection of Mr. Rayner goes back to a time when he was on a visit to Hartford, perhaps in 1834 or '35, or thereabouts. I happened to be present when he was making a friendly call, and he repeated a part or the whole of the Dunning Letter. It is to his credit that he gave no assent or sympathy to the remarks of a notorious infidel, who at that time endeavored to draw him into conversation.
190
CHRIST CHURCH, HARTFORD.
The concluding lines are as follows :
" But now, to be more serious, and conclude - (For hitherto I fear I've been too rude), My wants are pressing, my resources few, And for relief must look alone to you. The sum is small which I've a right to ask, But to collect it doubtless is a task, The times are dull, cash not in circulation ;
And each can scarce " work out his own salvation ";
A part of what is due my turn may serve,
I hope that better days are in reserve. I urge no more ; I will be no complainer ; I am,
Your humble servant,
MENZIES RAYNER."
Some time after he left the city he presented a claim for interest, upon payments which had not been made punctually, which he computed to amount to between two and three hundred dollars. Mr. Sigourney's letter ex- plains the matter sufficiently. Several attempts were made to obtain the exact account, but were unsuccessful until the meeting of the Diocesan Convention in Hart- ford, when it is supposed he was present. The only record to be found is this, " 1812, June 4. To Cash pd. Menzies Rayner, in full, pr. order, and his receipt, $175.00." In full of demands, Mr. R. says for his claim against the parish, "in consequence of my services as a Rector thereof, or in my private capacity."
As a further part of his history, and of his connection with the Church in this Diocese, I quote from Beardsley's History of the Church in Connecticut :
"On the 7th of November 1827, the Standing Committee met at Stratford, and the following document, duly signed, in conformity with the Canon, by two persons, one a pres- byter and the other a layman of the Diocese, was received and considered -
" Whereas it is commonly reported and believed, that the Rev. Menzies Rayner, a presbyter of the Protestant Episco-
191
IMPORTANT VOTES AND COMMENTS.
pal Church in the Diocese of Connecticut, is in the habit of countenancing and disseminating opinions which are con- trary to the doctrines of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States ; and also that the said Rayner is in the habit of public preaching, without using the Liturgy of the Church, and further, that his conduct, for some time past, has been unbecoming the character of a Christian min- ister : -
"Now, therefore, we, the undersigned, earnestly desire that the truth of the said reports should be investigated, agreeably to the fourth Canon of the Convention of the State of Connecticut, I do hereby charge the said Menzies Rayner with the above recited offences, and present the same for the consideration of the Standing Committee."
" In consequence of information received from the Bishop that Mr. Rayner had assured him that "he would immediately make the declaration required by the seventh Canon of the General Convention of 1820, to enable the Bishop to suspend him from the ministry of the Church without trial," the Committee decided to postpone all proceedings on the charges until further informed, and when they met again, two months afterwards, he had relinquished his ministry in the Episcopal Church, and been suspended from the exercise of its office."
In presenting his resignation to Bishop Brownell, Mr. Rayner says,"I am aware that my present resignation must probably deprive me of the Bishop's pastoral super- intendence, which I sincerely regret. That it should also forfeit me his private and personal friendship would be a misfortune to which I truly hope I shall not be subjected. I shall still humbly claim to be considered as a member of the Church, entitled to all its common privileges."
Alluding to this matter in his annual address to the Convention in 1828, the kind and prudent Bishop said that the suspension had been made in accordance with the Canon, and that "the Rev. Mr. Rayner, by making his suspension the result of his own voluntary act, has
192
CHRIST CHURCH, HARTFORD.
greatly relieved me from the pain which such an act of discipline is otherwise calculated to create, and however we may regret the cause which has led to it, we are not to be judges of other men's consciences,- to his own Master he standeth or falleth."
It is much to the credit of Mr. Rayner, that he volun- tarily resigned his connection with a body with which he was not in sympathy. If his example had been quietly followed by some others, at a later day, there would have been much less scandal brought upon the Christian Church.
1812.
Mr. Sigourney to Mr. Rayner, speaking plainly : -
Hartford, Connecticut, April 13, 1812. April 13.
To the Revd M. Rayner,
Dear Sir.
It becomes my duty to communicate to you the Votes of our Parish, at their last parish meeting regarding the sub- ject of an allowance of interest claimed by you as detailed in those Votes, & a copy of which is hereto annexed. As you requested me the last time I saw you, to inform you of the nature of the objections (if any) which might be made to this claim, I endeavor at this time to give you a brief abstract of such arguments as were used. It was declared by some that they had always paid, when first called on, their proportion of the parish expenses, that they had been in no way instrumental in producing the want of punctuality complained of ; that it was not just they should be called on to pay for the deficiencies of other people, & that the proper persons to pay this interest were those, who had always paid with backwardness and delay. It was enquired what had been the cause of the inability of the parish to pay the Clergyman's salary in punctual quarterly payments ? It was perceived that the two principal causes, had been the discontinuing the Sunday contributions, & the parish having forborne to lay a tax to aid in supporting the Clergyman
193
IMPORTANT VOTES AND COMMENTS.
till the year 1810. It was known you had favored both these measures, particularly the latter, and had moreover (in meetings of the Vestry) constantly objected to a vigorous system in the collection of our parish debts, and in one instance where the party was abundantly able to pay, even advocated the entire relinquishment of the debt in question, rather than risque offending the person, by insisting on the payment of what was due to us; that the consequence of these measures was a laxity, both in those who collected, and in those who had to pay, and it was thought therefore, the less reasonable that you should call on the parish to make good to you, what was (in part) the unavoidable result of measures of your own approving.
The claim was objected to, by some on this ground, that if it had always been your intention to have demanded interest, it ought really to have been demanded and com- puted at the end of each years salary, as it accrued, in which way the payment of it would have fallen on those whose duty it was at the time to have paid the interest. That the claim being now bro't up for the first time, at the expiration of between 9 & ten years since you first settled here, the accumulated interest would be to be paid (such have been the changes in the parish) by very different persons, for the greater part, from those who constituted the parish, many years since, and whose duty it would have been to have paid the interest at the proper time, had it been claimed, - that it would be unjust to require persons, who have joined the parish within a few years past to pay an amount of back interest, which they had little or no agency in contracting. - In regard to the promise you state was made you by the Vestry - it was admitted to have always been their inten- tion to have made a handsome provision for you at parting amicably -but it was felt by some that they were absolved from an obligation of this kind, in Consequence of some unpleasant Circumstances which took place prior to your leaving town. - that they were justified in a change of opinion and intention by a change of Circumstances, but that, nevertheless, a part of this provision was made, in the
13
-
194
CHRIST CHURCH, HARTFORD.
presents given, & by some considered as a substitute for a formal subscription, however the am't of them might have fallen short of both your expectations, & the first intentions of the Vestry. Notwithstanding these objections it appeared to be the wish of the Vestry & of the meeting to have the claim settled, if possible to your satisfaction. And as you had in your letter of Jany 13, 1812, promised a statement to the parish on this subject, which had not been received, it was moved by Mr. Hitchcock to postpone doing any thing further on this subject, untill we could receive your state- ment, and it was afterward further moved, as we concluded you would be here during the sitting of the Convention in this place, the early part of June next, to adjourn our meet- ing to the first Monday of June, following, for the express purpose of Considering and settling this Claim at a time when we could be able to see you in person on this business.
With my best respects to Mrs. Rayner, and your family, I remain D' Sir,
Your friend & obedient servant,
(signed)
CHARLES SIGOURNEY, Clerk of the Parish.
TAX LAID IN 1812.
In conformity to the vote of the Episcopal Parish of Christ Church in this city, at their Parish meeting on the 30th of March last, being Easter Monday, 1812, a tax of two cents on the dollar was laid on the polls and rateable estate of the members of this Parish, to be computed on the Listers rates for the year 1811, and a Copy of the tax bill here follows:
List 1811. Names.
Tax.
List 1811.
Names.
Tax.
I20 Arnold, Henry
2 40
130
Butler, John 2 60
60
Austin, Elisha
I 20
20
Bunce, Heman
40
60 Bryant, Timothy
I 20
130 Bunce, Nath
70 )
104
Bartholomew, Roswell 2 08
Į of B. & H's assess- ment 60 )
152
Bradley, Joseph
3 04
70 Bunce, Daniel, Jr. 1 40
147 Brewster, Anson
2 94
264 Burnham, Joshua P. 5 28
So Bull, George's Estate
[ 60
109 78 Burr, Wm's estate
2 20
115
Bull, James
2 30 148 68 Bruce, Barwick
2 97
216 50 Bull, Michael
4 33
Brainard, Charles
72 50 Bull, Amos
I 45 |
Butler, James
-2 60
21 39 Beach, George
43
195
IMPORTANT VOTES AND COMMENTS.
List 1811. Names.
Tax. ' List 1811.
Names. Tax.
Bonjes, J.
75 IO Moore, Thomas I 50
60
Canfield, Timothy
I 20
109 50 Nichols, Cyprian 2 19
60 Carey, Eleazer
I 20
219 97 Olcott, Michael
4 40
131 88 Church, James 2 64 133 20 Olcott, Mary & Abigail 2 67 Olcott, Danicl 126 Collins, Levi 2 54
182 50 Colton, Aaron 2nd
3 65 70 75 Perkins, Jabish I 42
60 Deming, Maurice
I 20
70
Perkins, Jabish Jun. I 10
60 Doolittle, Samuel
I 20
70 Phelps, N. A. Jun". I 40
Davis, Robert
60 Phelps, Oliver I 20
120 Frink, David Jun.
174
Pierce, John
3 18
98 75 Farwell, Asa
I 98
150
Pierce & Beach 3
190 67 Glover, Thomas
3 SI
60
Pratt, Francis
I 20
105 67 Goodwin & Whiting
2 II
37 06
Pratt, William
74
341 14 Goodwin, George 2ª
6 82
31 11 Pratt, Benjamin 62
152 23 Goodwin, Moses
3 05
23 36
Ramsay, John
47
Goodwin, John 24 Goodwin, James M.
277
Ransom, Amos
5 54
IO Ransom, Owen
20
60
Gordon, James D.
I 20
60 Ransom, Wanton
I 20
187
Griswold, Simeon
3 74
Royse, Lydia
39 50 Guild, Jeremiah,
79
IOO
Saunders, Asahel 2 00
38 55 Goodwin, John Jun.
77
138 75 Saunders, Christopher
2 78
120
Holkins, Stedman & Co. 2 40 Hamilton, John & James Marsh
1.42 Stedman, Griffin 2 84
70
Hatch, Timothy I 40
III 25
Sweetser, Seth 2 23
110
Hatch, Lucius 2 20
60 Hayden, Anson
I 20
35I
Tudor, Samuel Jr. 251 )
{ of T. H. assesst
100 ( 7 02
397
Hitchcock, Eliakim 7 94
130
Tuttle, Samuel 2 60
Utley, Joseph 2
Utley, Horace I 20
129 50 Wadsworth, Horace 2 59
393 03 Wadsworth, Roger's Estate 7 86
471
Imlay, Wm H. 9 42
15 Johnson, Wm. 30
243 35 Jones, Nathaniel 4 87
206 82 Wadsworth, Gurdon 4 14
22.1 Lec, Roland 4 48
363 50 Ward & Bartholomew
7 27
·3 62 J of L. & F. assess 40
149 50 Lloyd, Thomas 2 99
107 50 Lyman, Justin, Estate 2 15
60 Wheeler, Joseph I 20
242 IO Marsh, John 4 84
White, John J.
25
Wing, Wm., { of W & W. asst 50
87 Mitchelson, Eliphalet I 74
843 59 Morgan, John 16 87
115 Morgan, Nathan
2 30
152
Wolcott, Talcott 3 04
Morgan, Elias
2 20
100
¿ of T. & H. assess- ment 50 )
60
Hamilton, John Jun. Holmes, Henry
94 Wadsworth, William I SS
155 Ward, James 3 10
180 44 Ledlie, Samuel 140 44 )
77 50 Weare, Wm., } W. & M. asst 1 55
20 Minturn & Champlin, M. Tryon, agent 89
34 Whiting, Seth 68
67 50 Winship, Daniel I 35
2 64
131 94 Sheldon, John
652 Sigourney, Charles 13 04
Tryon, Moses Jr.
IIO Hoadley, Jeremy 60 )
196
CHRIST CHURCH, HARTFORD.
RESIDING IN WINDSOR.
17 12 Eggleston, Thomas
34 249 41 Moore, Thomas 4 99
78 24 Gilbert, Merrit I 56
196 McLean, John 3 92
248 01 Hoskins, Zebulon 4 96 179 89 Phelps, Jacob 5 60
RESIDING IN E. WINDSOR.
72 42 Colson, Roswell I 45
193 75 Rockwell, Martin 3 88
67 Drake, Noadialı
I 34 251 62 Strong, Erastus 5 04
96 51 Higley, Arodi
I 93 67 73 Strong, Wareham I 36
67 Lyman, Nathan I 34 84 70 Tudor, Wm. F.
1 70
192 74 Newberry, John
3 85 93 33 Tudor, Elihu, Dr.
I 87
165 87 Newberry, Joseph
3 32 677 98 Watson, John 13 56
259 76 Newberry, Dyer 5 20 264 89 Watson, Henry 5 30
RESIDING IN E. HARTFORD, ORFORD PARISH.
100 96 Belcher, Elijah D. 2 02
186 54 Hale, Timothy 3 73
610 57 Buckland, Aaron
12 21
168 73 Pitkin, Eleazer 3 37
18I OI Buckland, Amos
3 62 716 56 Pitkin, Richard
14 33
185 28 Buckland, George 3 71 253 67 Pitkin, Joseph, 218 67)
including } of Ed &
5 07
60 Case, William I 20
Josh P.'s assessmt 35
407 60 Cheney, George 8 15
71 Risley, Levi I 42
198 92 Cone, Russell
3 98
76 50 Risley, Nehemiah
I 53
138 17 Cooley, William
2 76
71 55 Spencer, Silas I 43
60 Drake, Silas Jun.
I 20
416 22 Woodbridge, Deodat
8 32
71 Evans, Elisha
I 42
49 55 Woodbridge, Dudley 99
150 31 Hale, Edward 3 0I 290 60 Wyllys, Ephraim 5 8I
RESIDING IN E. HARTFORD, WEST PARISH.
Fox, Sylvester
Porter, John 2d, works at Butler's distillery
398 07
Roberts, George
7 96
22 33
Taylor, Abiel
45
21,340.36
426.87
After the departure of Mr. Rayner, arrangements were made with Rev. Philander Chase to continue the ser- vices of the parish, which are sufficiently detailed by Mr. Hoadly. But it is thought well to include several of the letters which relate to the call and acceptance by Mr. Chase.
First is the letter to Mr. Chase, dated Dec. 13, 1811, signed by the Wardens and Vestry.
AFII'M.
Philander DO
197
IMPORTANT VOTES AND COMMENTS.
Dec. 13. "Sir,
At a meeting of the Parishioners of Christ Church in the City, held on the Ioth inst. it was voted that their Vestry, in their behalf, make application to you to take charge of the Parish, as their rector, and also to make an explicit offer to you, of Eight hundred dollars per annum as salary while as agents for the Parish, they are thus empow- ered to treat. - They have to express their own personal satisfaction in being able to say that nothing can afford them, or the Parish higher gratification, than the hopes, that this proposal may meet your approbation, and that they may have the pleasure early to communicate to the parish your acquiescence in taking upon you this charge. - In which they likewise trust & hope the blessing of Divine Providence will continue to be shed upon them and will perpetuate the connexion, they have thus desired.
With great esteem & respect, they remain, &c.
JOHN MORGAN DANIEL OLCOTT
Wardens.
SAMUEL TUDOR, JR ROSWELL BARTHOLOMEW
MICHAEL OLCOTT CYPRIAN NICHOLS Vestry
THOMAS GLOVER
WM. H. IMLAY
JEREMY HOADLEY
In answer to this Mr. Chase replied as follows: -
Jany 7. To the Wardens and Vestrymen of Christ Church, Hartford, Connecticut.
Hartford Jan. 7, A.D. 1812. Gentlemen,
Your letter of the 13th of December last was handed me by one of your Body & has been duly considered. The decent and respectful language in which it is written joined to the kind and affectionate treatment I have met with from yourselves, and from the congregation in general, demand what I am so ready to give, my most hearty acknowledg- ments. You wish me to take charge of your Parish and mention Eight Hundred Dollars, as the annual Salary attached to the Rectorship. Considering the present state
198
CHRIST CHURCH, HARTFORD.
of the Parish, and the considerable disbursements which you so generally suffer in the procuring of an Organ, Bell, & other necessaries for the Church, this offer is both to your honor and my satisfaction. As I observed to you in oral conversation however, this salary is not sufficient to meet what I know must be my expenses in maintaining my family in the City of Hartford, but to promote the cause of the Church, I will accept of it, for the two years first ensuing, provided it be distinctly stipulated that ever after that period, the salary shall be One thousand, instead of Eight Hundred Dollars, per annum. If the Parish and the Vestry be willing to accede to this measure, and there be the accuis- tomed unanimity in their proceedings, I shall be ready to form and ratify that tender connexion between a Christian Pastor and his flock, on which you so piously beg the Divine Blessing, and which to cement and to perpetuate shall be, under the smiles of a Divine Providence the humble endea- vontr of Gentlemen,
Your most Obedient Humble Servant,
PHILANDER CHASE.
The calling of a parish meeting was attended with con- siderable labor, for the parishioners resided not only in Hartford, but also in East Windsor and in Windsor (Wintonbury), and other places.
The warnings were to be made "at least five days before the day " appointed for the meeting. Anson Hay- den for Hartford, certifies " that he has warned, or left warning at the places of abode of all the persons belong- ing to the Episcopal Parish of Christ Church in the City of Hartford, who reside within the said City." Henry Holmes certifies to the warning of those members of the Parish who reside in East Windsor, "excepting Noadiah Drake; also Arodi Higley, being absent and his wife too, warning was left with his Children, who were found at the Public School." Meritt Gilbert certifies that he " warned or left a warning at the places of abode of the following persons, Zebulon Hoskins, Thomas Moore, John McLean, Jacob Phelps, and Nathaniel Jones, being members of
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