USA > Connecticut > Windham County > History of Windham County, Connecticut > Part 2
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TABLE OF CONTENTS. xiii
PAGE.
Wrought by the Manufacturing Interests .- Catholic Churches .- The Swedish Church of Grosvenor Dale .- Connecticut Manufacturing Com- pany .- The " Brick " Factory .- West Thompson .- Mechanicsville .- Qua- dic Manufacturing Company .- Brandy Hill .- The Northeast Section .- Wilsonville .- New Boston .- Thompson Village .- A " Boom " to Thomp- son Hill .- Old-Time Taverns .- Social Customs .- Railroad Opening .- Thompson Bank .- Fire Engine Company .- Some Prominent People .- Summer Inhabitants .- The Sons of Thompson .- Thompson Grange .- Biographical Sketches
683
CHAPTER XXX. THE TOWN OF PUTNAM.
Incorporation and General Description .- Early History .- First Settlers .- West of the Quinebaug .- The South Neighborhood .- Early Improve- ment of Water Privileges .- Roads and Bridges .- The Stone Mills .- Early Homestead Residents .- The French War .- The Revolution .- After the War .- Cargill's Mills .- Quinebaug High Falls .- Educational and Re- ligious .- Killingly Hill .- Beginning of Cotton Manufacturing .- Pomfret Factory .- During the War of 1812 .- Residents and Managers of the Fac- tory .- Rhodesville .- Building up of Additional Factories .- Rival and Conflicting Interests of Three Adjoining Towns .- Various Propositions and Controversy .- Organization of the new Town of Putnam.
749
CHAPTER XXXI.
THE TOWN OF PUTNAM (CONCLUDED).
Officers and Statistics .- Layout of Roads and Naming Streets .- Establish- ment of Churches .- Baptist Church .- Congregational Church .- Metho- dist Church .- Catholic Church .- Episcopal Church .- Advent Christian Church .- Other Religious Societies .-- Schools .- Cotton Manufactures .- Pomfret Factory Woolen Co .- Silk Manufactures .- Shoe Manufacture. - Artisans and Mechanics .- Business Men's Association .- Village Develop- ment .- Various Manufacturing Enterprises .- Creamery .- Water Works. -Commercial Houses .-- Business Blocks .- Hotels .- Banks .- Fire Depart- ment .- Fraternal Societies .- Celebrations .- Temperance Movements .- Library Association .- Newspapers. - Orchestral Music .- Antique Art Loan Exhibition .- Village Cemetery .- Other Burial Grounds .- Old Kill- ingly Hill, now Putnam Heights .- East Putnam .- Its Local Institu- tions .- Biographical Sketches. 778
CHAPTER XXXII. THE TOWN OF WOODSTOCK.
General Description and Geology .- Aborigines .- Visit of Eliot and Gookin .- The Narragansett War .- New Roxbury Colony .- Incorporation as Wood- stock and Subsequent Events .- Indian Troubles .- Important Changes .- Final Division of Roxbury's Half of Woodstock .- Second Meeting House. -Ministerial Troubles .- Indian Alarms .- Land Divisions .- Worcester County Erected .- Early Schools .- Controversy with Colonel Chandler .- Settlement of West Woodstock .- Precinct Organized .- Building of Meet- ing House .- Organization of Church .- Woodstock's Revolt .- Contest between Massachusetts and Connecticut .- Church Division .- Various Town Affairs
831
xiv
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXXIII.
THE TOWN OF WOODSTOCK (CONCLUDED). PAGE.
Early Industries .- Manufacturing .- Decline of Manufacturing .- Agriculture. -Woodstock Agricultural Society .- Senexet Grange .- Theft Detecting Society .- Woodstock Academy .- Church on Woodstock Hill .- The Sec- ond Church .- Baptist Churches .- East Woodstock Church .- Methodism. -Universalist Church .- Advent Christian Church .- Present Condition. .
-Public Celebrations .- Biographical Sketches. 876
CHAPTER XXXIV.
THE TOWN OF KILLINGLY.
Location and Description .- Original Killingly .- The Whetstone Country .- First Proprietors .- Attempts at Settlement .- Bounds and Claims .- Set- tlers and Settlement .- The Town Organized .- Localities .- Counterfeit- ers .- General Progress .- Taking Care of the Poor .- Highways .- Early Manufacturing .- Prosperity of Manufacturing Interests .- The Gospel Ministry .- Meeting House Controversy .- The Second Society formed .- South Killingly Church. 921
CHAPTER XXXV. THE TOWN OF KILLINGLY (CONCLUDED).
Chestnut Hill .- Baptist Churches .- Cotton Mills .- Elliottville Mills .- Elm- ville Mills .- Attawaugan Mills .- M. E. Church .- Ballouville .- Dayville. -Manufactories .- Churches .- Societies .- Williamsville .- The Borough of Danielsonville .- Public Works .- Great Freshet .- Schools .- Churches. -Banks .- Music Hall .- Manufacturing Establishments .- Masonic and other Societies .- Newspapers .- Biographical Sketches. 948
CHAPTER XXXVI. THE TOWN OF ASHFORD.
The Wabbaquasset Country .- Land Speculators .- Settlement of Ashford .- Major Fitch .- James Corbin .- New Scituate .- The Town Established .- Titles Confirmed .- Common Proprietors .- Land Controversies .- Civil Disorder .- Military Company .- Population and Growth .- Public Morals - and Order .- Growth of the Settlement .- Early Town Officers .- Land Title War .- Days of the Revolution .- Visit of President Washington .- Post Office, Taverns and Probate Court .- Honored Sons .- Roads and Bridges .- Schools .- Ecclesiastical History .- First Church .- The Great Revival and the Separates .- Westford Congregational Church .- Meet- ing Houses and Ministers .- First Baptist Church .- Eminent Men of Westford .- Baptist Church of Westford .- Manufacturing in Westford .- Warrenville Baptist Church .- Manufacturing and Business at Warren- ville .- Eminent Sons of Ashford .- Babcock Library and Band .- Bio- graphical Sketch 990
CHAPTER XXXVII. THE TOWN OF EASTFORD.
Location and Description .- Organized as an Ecclesiastical Society .- Cotton Mills .- Search for Gold .- Latham Twine Mill .- Smith Snow .- Crystal Lake .- Factories of Eastford Village .- Cotton and Woolen, Wagon
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
XV PAGE.
Wheels, Leather, Boots and Shoes, Axes and Hatchets, Carriages, Scythes, Plow Handles and Beams, Bobbins .- Town Incorporation .- Communication .- Honored Sons .- Congregational Church. - The Society of North Ashford .- The Methodist Church .- Ministers and Teachers .- The "Church of Bacchus."-Creamery .- Biographical Sketch. 1027
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
Personal Paragraphs. 1042
PORTRAITS.
Aldrich, David L ..
468
Aldrich, Edward.
720
Arnold, William S. 815
Atwood, James S. 982 470 Atwood, William A
Babcock, William S
471
Baldwin, Lloyd E.
365
Bartholomew, William I.
550 620 817
Bates, Gustavus D
Bates, Jerome E.
721 722
Beebe, William S.
909
Bowen, Stephen O
1040
Briggs, Lucius.
728
Buck, George ..
816 984 195
. Burgess, Frank S.
Card, David C.
Carpenter, Elisha.
Carpenter, John A.
Chaffee, J. Dwight.
Child, Abel.
Cleveland, Edward Spicer.
Converse, Abiel ..
150
Converse, Elisha S.
732 730
Cranska, Floyd.
472
Dean, Ezra.
Elliott, Henry.
Evans, Thomas J
Fox, John O.
Fuller, Lucius H.
820
Green, Marquis.
913 473
Greene, Albert C.
Greenslit, David.
390
Griggs, David A
424
Grosvenor, William.
736
Haskins, Rufus T.
407
Hatch, Jonathan.
306
Holt, George W., Jr
822
Hopkins, Timothy E.
987
Bates, Ambrose H.
Bishop, Ebenezer.
Bugbee, Edwin H
182 146 818 367 910 389
Converse, James W.
912 734 986 819
xvi
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Hutchins, Joseph
474
Jillson, William C.
368
Knowlton, Danford. 1024 714
Larned, Ellen D
Lincoln, Edgar S.
425 914
McClellan, John.
Manning, James W
Mathewson, Rufus S
May, Charles H.
Messenger, Frank M
Miller, Gardner L.
Milner, Edwin.
Morse, George M.
Morse, Joseph M.
Morse, Milton S.
Moseley, Samuel S
Moulton, George S.
Murdock, George T
Murdock, G. Thurston
Nichols, Franklin.
Osgood, Charles H.
Paine, Almond M.
Palmer, William F.
Parker, Alfred M
Penrose, John J.
Perry, Oliver H.
Phillips, Gilbert W
Phipps, Benjamin F
Pike, James.
Putnam, William H.
Ross, William.
Sanger, Marvin H.
Scarborough, George
Searls, Charles E.
Smith, Guilford.
Spalding, Chandler A
Sprague, Samuel B
. Stanton, Avery A.
Stranahan, J. S. T
478 745
Towne, Marcus F.
Warner, Alexander
746 556 989
Westcott, Henry.
Williams, Francis 422
370
Wood, Darius.
516
VIEWS, ETC. 1
Map of Windham County ...
Residence of George Lothrop Bradley. 704
The " Ben-Grosvenor "
710
988 408 828 154 920 158 744 622 602 426 514 604 160
308 830 410 623
Thayer, Charles D
. Witter, William C.
915 824 552 916 739 188 476 827 918 826 392 307 740 741 743 554
Lyon, William, 4th
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Scale of Miles
MAP OF WINDHAM COUNTY, CONNECTICUT.
W. W. PRESTON & CO., "Publishers.
,
HISTORY OF WINDHAM COUNTY.
CHAPTER I.
GEOGRAPHICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE.
Physical Features .- Location .- Shape and Area .- Subdivisions .- Surface .- Rivers and Brooks .- Agricultural and Manufacturing Advantages .- Pro- ductions .- Manufactures .- Railroads and Transportation .- Old Stage and Freight Wagons .- Taverns of the Olden Time .- The Hilltop Settlements .- Romantic Scenery and Historic Associations .- Geological Formation and Resources .- Elevations of Land.
W INDHAM COUNTY occupies the northeastern corner of the state of Connecticut, bordering Worcester county, Massachusetts, lying on the north, and Providence and Kent counties in Rhode Island on the east. New London county bounds it on the south and Tolland on the west. Its greatest length, from north to south, is twenty-seven miles, and its greatest width, from east to west, is twenty-three miles. Its north, east and south sides are nearly straight lines, while on the west side its territory interchanges offsets with Tolland. The greatest variation in the line made by these offsets, how- ever, does not exceed six miles. This occurs on the northwest corner, where the town of Union makes an advance of about the distance mentioned. We may explain that the longest north and south line would be drawn from the northwest corner of Thompson to the southwest corner of Plainfield, and the longest east and west line would be drawn from the northwest corner of Windham to the Rhode Island line, about the middle of Sterling.
The county contains an area of six hundred and twenty square miles and a population, by the last census, of 43,856. This num- ber, however, comprehends the population of Voluntown, then 1,186, which has since been set off from Windham to New
1
2
HISTORY OF WINDHAM COUNTY.
London. The population at present would doubtless still ex- ceed that of the census year, since the rapid growth of several of its manufacturing villages would several times make up the deficiency caused by the loss of that town. The county as now constituted contains the towns of Ashford, Brooklyn, Canterbury, Chaplin, Eastford, Hampton, Killingly, Plainfield, Pomfret, Put- nam, Scotland, Sterling, Thompson, Windham and Woodstock, fifteen in all; and included in these towns are the incorporated boroughs of Danielsonville and Willimantic.
The surface is rugged and broken. But few spots of level land to any considerable extent of area may be found in the county. The most noticeable is the stretch of tolerably level valley that extends in a northeasterly and southwesterly direction through the heart of Plainfield and southern part of Canterbury. This covers a length of perhaps ten miles, and, though in some parts of the country it would be called decidedly rolling, its character is by comparison with its surroundings so nearly level that it was called by the early settlers the " plains," and so gave name to the town of Plainfield.
The rugged character of the surface, of which we have spoken, while it is opposed to the most felicitous advancement of the arts of agriculture, affords two features of great advantage to the county, and which are indeed the main sources of prosperity, either realized in the present or expected in the future. These are the copious streams and rapid falls, which have invited the numerous manufacturing industries for which the county is noted, and the never ending variety and natural magnificence of its scenery which have fascinated thousands, and for which the county is equally celebrated. Although the hills have no regular grouping, yet in general they are cast into ridges run- ning north and south, and down the valleys so formed numerous streams flow in a generally southward direction. So numerous are these streams that hardly a square mile can be found in the whole county but upon it may be found a site for a saw mill or some more considerable manufacturing enterprise. With a very slight exception, in the northwestern part of Woodstock, the entire county is drained by the Quinebaug, Natchaug, Willi- mantic and Shetucket rivers, the waters of all of which finally empty into the ocean through the Thames.
Along the valleys of these streams the soil is fertile, and upon the hillsides in years gone by agriculture was successfully car-
3
HISTORY OF WINDHAM COUNTY.
ried on. This industry, however, has in many parts of the county greatly declined, and the agricultural population has decreased in numbers, while the manufacturing population in the villages has largely increased. The agricultural interests of the county are still important. The value of farms, with im- provements and buildings thereon, is about nine million dollars, and the county contains one hundred and ninety thousand acres of improved farm land, divided into three thousand farms. It is estimated that these farms annually produce about one and a half million dollars worth. The most important of these pro- ductions are annually about 180,000 bushels of Indian corn, 140,000 bushels of oats, 275,000 bushels of potatoes, 50,000 tons of hay, 20,000 bushels of buckwheat, 17,000 bushels of rye, 4,000 bushels of barley and about $15,000 worth of orchard fruit. The dairy products consist of about three hundred and fifty tons of butter and eighty tons of cheese. In the last mentioned product it exceeds any other county in the state except Litchfield. There are employed on farms some five thousand horses and about half the number of working oxen. The facilities for grazing accom- modate about twenty thousand head of cattle, twelve thousand of which are milch cows. Sheep husbandry receives some at- tention, about seven thousand sheep being kept, and their an- nual fleece amounts to twenty-nine thousand pounds of wool. About seven thousand hogs are annually fattened. The forest growth of the county is considerable. Besides wood for various manufacturing purposes considerable lumber, including shingles, is obtained from the forests which cover large areas of the hills. The most common kinds of wood are the hickory, oak, elm, beech, pine and other trees.
The largest river of the county is the Quinebaug. This rises in Worcester county, Mass., and flowing the entire length of this county, joins the Shetucket in New London county. Its course is through the eastern part of Windham county, where it forms the entire western boundary of Killingly and the eastern boundary of Brooklyn, as well as partial boundary of Plainfield, Canterbury, Pomfret and Putnam. In its course through the county it receives numerous tributaries, the most important of which are Muddy brook from Woodstock, the Assawaga or Five Mile river from Thompson, Putnam and Killingly, the Masha- moquet from Pomfret, Blackwell's brook from Brooklyn, and the Moosup river from Plainfield and Sterling. The western part
4
HISTORY OF WINDHAM COUNTY.
of the county is drained by the Natchaug river, which receives the waters of several brooks from Ashford, which form Mount Hope river, as well as several other branches from Woodstock, Ashford and Chaplin. The Natchaug joins the Willimantic a short distance east of the village of the latter name, and the union thus formed takes the name Shetucket. Little river, draining Hampton and the west side of Canterbury, flows into the Shetucket beyond the limits of the county. These streams afford power for a large number of manufacturing establishments of various kinds and magnitude, from the large cotton, silk and thread mills, employing hundreds of operatives, down to the Woodside saw mill tended by a single pair of hands.
Windham county has extensive manufactures of cotton, woolen, silk and linen thread, besides various other kinds. The last census shows 288 establishments engaged in this branch of in- dustry. The capital employed in manufacturing was $14,026,975. The number of operatives employed in these establishments was 4,789 men, 3,296 women, and 1,643 children and youth under the ages of sixteen years for males and fifteen years for females. The total amount of wages annually earned by these operatives was $2,607,418. The value of material used was $7,951,403; and the value of products annually finished was $14,022,290. The principal manufacturing villages are Willimantic, Danielsonville and Putnam. The villages of Moosup, Central Village, Wauregan, Dayville and North Grosvenor Dale are also prospering under the stimulus of this industry.
The county is fairly supplied with railroad facilities, especi- ally through the central, southern and eastern parts. An ex- ception to this remark must be made for the northwestern part. The towns of Woodstock, Eastford and Ashford are not touched by any railroad. The same is true of Brooklyn, though it is almost surrounded by railroads but a short distance beyond its borders. Canterbury, Scotland and Chaplin each have a railroad cutting across a corner of the town. Altogether the county is traversed by about one hundred miles of railroad line. The New York & New England railroad traverses the county diagonally from the southwest corner to the northeast corner, a distance of about thirty-five miles. This is a well equipped, double track railroad. The Norwich & Worcester railroad traverses the eastern part of the county, from north to south, making a length within the county of twenty-eight miles. The
5
HISTORY OF WINDHAM COUNTY.
Hartford & Providence railroad crosses the southeastern cor- ner of the county, making within it a distance of thirteen miles. The New London Northern railroad has about seven miles of its length in the southwest corner, and the Stockbridge railroad has about five miles of its line in the northeastern corner.
It is largely to these railroad facilities that the present pros- perity of the county is due. A native writer of prominence says : " Modern Windham dates its birth from the first whistle of the steam engine. That clarion cry awoke the sleeping valleys. Energy, enterprise, progress followed its course. At every stop- ping place new life sprung up. Factory villages received im- mediate impetus, and plentiful supply of cotton. Larger manu- facturing enterprises were speedily planned and executed, for- eign help brought in ; capital and labor, business and invention rushed to the railroad stations; innumerable interests and in- dustries developed, and in less than a score of years the county was revolutionized. The first had become last and the last first. The turnpike was overgrown, stage coach and cotton team had vanished, the old hill villages had lost the leadership, and new railroad centers held the balance of power and drew to them- selves the best blood and energies of the towns."
The Norwich & Worcester railroad was commenced in the year 1835, and was opened for traffic here in the early part of 1839. The Hartford & Providence railroad was completed as far as Willimantic and opened for use December 1st, 1849. That por- tion of the road which extends eastward from the latter point to Providence was completed and opened for use October 2d, 1854. The New York & New England main line, a later enterprise, was completed between Willimantic and Putnam in 1872, and opened for use in August of that year.
Before the advent of railroads raw material was brought into the county, and the manufactured products sent out by means of heavily loaded teams hauling long distances over the numer- ous turnpikes and public roads which were then much frequented thoroughfares, but are now many of them almost deserted roads. Great lines of travel for stage coaches, mail routes and hauling goods from Boston to Hartford and New York, and from Provi- dence to Hartford, and from Worcester to Norwich and New London, lay through this county. These roads in those days presented scenes of considerable activity. Heavily loaded wagons, sometimes with eight draft horses before a single wagon, made
6
HISTORY OF WINDHAM COUNTY.
a business of hauling goods back and forth and were constantly on the road. The principal manufacturing village of this county was then as now Willimantic, and stock and goods were inter- changed in this way between that village and the three outlet cities of Hartford, Providence and Norwich. The round trip to Hartford or Norwich and return was made in two days, while that to Providence occupied five days. Three different routes were used by the through travel from the eastern cities to Hart- ford and New York; a southern one, passing through Plainfield, a central one through Windham Centre and Scotland, and one more northerly passing through Brooklyn and Danielsonville. Then there were other routes intersecting some of the more northern towns.
As might naturally be expected houses of "entertainment for man and beast " were frequent all along these routes. These old time hostelries were commodious and afforded the means of making guests comfortable without much assumption of cold formalities. However, it must not be supposed that the enter- tainers of those days were such boorish rustics as not to be able on occasion to display such dignified graces as were appropriate to the position. But the material cheer to be found in the well supplied table and full stocked bar-room, with the ample accom- modations at the barn for their horses, was what the traveling public looked for with more interest than graces of manner. Many of these old inns remain, in different parts of the county, to remind us of the customs of our fathers and grandfathers. Very few of them, however, are still occupied as public houses. The spacious stables, often capable of accommodating twenty to forty horses, which were a necessary accompaniment to these houses, have in most cases been removed or are in an advanced stage of dilapidation. But whether occupied now as private dwellings or half deserted hotels, they have their own several memories and legends which are faithfully preserved, and many are the noteworthy traditions related by their occupants, of the general character of the house, the arrangement of its accom- modations, the entertainment of some distinguished guest, the jokes of some regular patron, the enactment of some hair-stiffen- ing tragedy, the excessive jubilations of some disciple of Bacchus, or the winter night revelries, when the moon was full and "the snow was crusted o'er," of the young blood of generations whose scattered remnant are now in their decay. A few of these old
7
HISTORY OF WINDHAM COUNTY.
thoroughfares were "turnpikes," and had toll gates upon them, while others were public roads exacting no toll. But the toll- gate pike, the stage coach, the long line freight wagons and the roadside inn are things of the past.
The main settlements of early date in many of the towns of this county are located on hilltops. This remarkable feature, while it is not without some advantages, has also its disadvan- tages. Among the latter may be mentioned difficulty of access from neighboring towns or even the surrounding valleys, as well as exposure to the cold winds of winter. On the other hand the magnificent outlook thus afforded to the residents is a "thing of beauty" on a grand scale, and therefore must be a " joy for- ever." It is said that those who planned these settlements con- sidered such elevated locations more safe from the attacks of Indians than valley sites would be. Certainly an approaching band of Indians could be more readily discovered from the hill- top than from the low ground. But though no such necessity for precaution exists at this time, we think it would be with re- luctance that the people would remove their homes from these commanding sites to the valleys below. These villages are of the true New England type. A wide street, which might with more propriety be called a lawn, is lined on either side with comfortable and commodious dwellings, sufficiently separated to give each some sense of retirement. Shade trees that have grown to massive proportions wave in luxuriant stateliness over broad stretches of the greenest and smoothest lawn, that lie on either side of the beaten roadway. In the central part of the village this velvet lined street widens into a sort of public square, of the same green carpeting and under the same canopy of dark foliage. Here one or two churches and sometimes a town hall appear. Looking from the immediate surroundings, which seem too pure and guileless and restful-like a hallowed Sabbath crystalized into living realization-to come into contact with the contaminating arts and usages of trade and business, the prospect as the eye sweeps almost the circle of the horizon, is one which the citizens of many sections of our country would make long pilgrimages to see. The most elaborate description of the distant objects-winding stream, darkening vale, hillside woods, cultivated farms, nestling cottages, factory village and mill, railroad trail through cut or over embankment, moving trains, tell-tale church spires, and numberless other points upon
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