USA > Connecticut > Litchfield County > Woodbury > History of ancient Woodbury, Connecticut : from the first Indian dead in 1659 to 1854 > Part 8
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Dr. Trumbull, in his Ilistory of Connecticut, says, that in 1713, "there was but one elothier in the colony. The most he could do was to full the cloth which was made. A great proportion of it was worn without shearing or pressing."1
1 Hist. of Conn., vol. 1, p. 478.
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HISTORY OF ANCIENT WOODBURY.
If this assertion is correct, and we see no reason to doubt it, Wood- bury was the location of that first clothier, and Abraham Fulford was the man. In the month of January, 1700, we find the following record, signed by forty-four of the principal inhabitants of the town.
" We whose names are hereunto subscribed do hereby Grant unto Abraham Fullford, a well accomplished person both for combing wooll, weaving and fulling cloth : if he se cause to cohabitt in this town, and be beneficiall upon ye s'1 accounts a tenn acre accommodations in Woodberry : January 1700."1
Ile saw " cause" to accept the offer, and his home-lot was laid out next to that of Ens. Samuel Stiles, the town miller. Other lands were laid out to him at Senppo, Hull's Brook, Good Hill, and Grassy Hill. From a deed dated 3d April, 1712, it appears that his fulling mill was on the East Sprain, near the " East Meadow Rocks."
At the October session of the General Court, 1665, it was enacted that every town in the colony should have a town brand, and one chosen in each town to brand all the horses owned therein, and make an entry in a book, kept for that purpose, of all horses so branded, " wth their naturall and artificiall marks." For this service he had sixpence for each horse so branded and entered. The brand of Wood- bury was the letter P, and was identical with that of Stratford, the parent town. The original town brand was in existence a few years since, and was to be seen at John P. Marshall's hotel.
In May, 1675, the General Court appointed a committee to lay out a highway from " Woodbury to Pawgasuck to the most convenient place for a ferry, and allso to lay out a convenient parcell of land for a ferry place." Stratford was also ordered to lay out a highway from that place to the ferry. This was the first action toward open- ing a communication between Woodbury and Stratford. At the May session, 1677, the committee reported that they had located the ferry " at the lower end of the old Indian field" in Derby, and "for the incouragement of a ferryman" they laid out eight acres of land in said "old field," and twenty acres in other convenient places near the ferry, together with the right to the other divisions depending on these.
" Livetenant Joseph Judson declared that if the inhabitants of Derby would put in a ferryman in convenient time, they were content, or els upon notice given they of Woodbury would put in one whome the towne of Derby should approve for an inhabitant, and that without any charge to Derby or the coun- try."2
1 W. T. R., vol. 2, p. 29. 2 Col. Rec., p. 301.
6
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HISTORY OF ANCIENT WOODBURY.
It seems that this offer of Lieut. Judson was accepted, and that he either furnished a man, or acted himself as the first ferryman. In January, 1683, he conveyed these "ferry accommodations" to Henry Hill, of Woodbury, upon condition that he would, " at his own charge and cost," keep " a suitable ferry-boat always in readiness, and ferry over travelers from Woodbury, or elsewhere, seasonably and readily, and particularly those from Woodbury, at sixpence for a horse and man."" This with the highway, furnished a very satisfactory com- munication with Stratford, and was their only communication with Stratford and with the world beyond them.
Doct. Butler Bedient was the first physician who settled in the town, but at what exact date is not known. His name first appears in the North Purchase rate in 1712. He had evidently been here somewhat earlier than that. History is silent as to his merits and qualifications in the healing art, but it is fair to presume from the well- known intelligent character of the first settlers, that his acquirements must have been respectable, or he would not have been admitted an inhabitant.
Nearly contemporary with the latter, was Doctor Ebenezer War- ner, a man of more skill and greater note in his profession, and in the town. He left a large posterity, and his descendants, at the present time, are numerous. He often went abroad to practice in the neigh- boring plantations. To prevent this, and secure his valuable ser- viees, the town granted him sixty acres of land in the original town plot, " for his Ineurigement to practice phissick in ye town and attend the siek in ye town rather than strangers."" He lived to a good old age, useful in his sphere, and respected by the people ; and died car- rying with him the commendations of all who knew him.
The names of the various localities in the ancient town, were nearly all established within the first few years after its settlement. Among these were Good Hill, Grassy Hill, Chestnut Tree Hill. Ash Swamp, Alder Swamp, and Moose Horn Hill. Saw-pit Hill early received its name, from the manner of sawing trees or logs upon its sides. A hole or pit was dug in the ground, a log placed over it, and in the operation of sawing, one man stood in the pit, and the other on the log. Ram-pit Hill, which is near Robert Peck's house, received its name from a pit which was dng to entrap a wolf, that had been
1 W. T. R., vol. 1, p. 92.
2 W. T. R., vol. 2, p. 121.
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HISTORY OF ANCIENT WOODBURY.
making great havoc among the sheep. A ram was placed within it, as an inducement for the wolf to enter during the night. The lure proved sufficient. In the morning the wolf was found in the pit, and the ram, instead of being devoured, had defended himself with so mueh spirit and bravery, that he had reduced the wolf to a state of great doeility. The wolf was dispatched, and his companion re- leased.
White Deer Rocks are situated westerly from Quasapaug Pond, and have retained their name from the first settlement, from the abundance of deer that were found in those wild solitudes, occasion- ally venturing with dainty tread to the borders of the lake, to drink its silvery waters. Many of these were white, and hence the name. The Lightning's Playground is east of the Orenang Rocks. Ragland is the rough ridge of hills south-west of the village of Woodbury. Seuppo is a place in the south-easterly part of the present town of Woodbury. Carmel Hill is in the western part of Bethlem. Tophet Hollow is in the east part of Roxbury. . Hooppole is south-west of Ilotelikissville. Hazel Plain lies along the West Sprain. Wee- keepeemee lies on the North Sprain, or Weekeepeemee River, so called from an Indian sagamore, who once had his hunting grounds in this place. Flanders is in the north part of the present town of Woodbury, and Transylvania lies on the brook of the same name, in the south part of the town. There are numerous other local names in the ancient limits, but the above must suffice for the present.
During the period under consideration, much of the outer clothing of our fathers was made of the skins of deer and other animals. The former were in great demand. As early as 1677, the General Court made a law that no "skinns of bucks and dowes, which are so ser- uiceable and vsefull for cloathing," should be transported out of the colony, on pain of forfeiture of the skins so shipped, and that they should not be sent for sale to any other place in the colony, till a suf- ficient bond to the value of the skins was given, that they should be delivered at the place proposed, and not be carried thenee. Accord- ingly, we find in all the early inventories of estates, and even in those of a hundred years' later date, leather breeches, coats and other arti- cles of attire, prominent articles for appraisal.
Another article used in those early days, strikes us of the present time with astonishment, and that is the enormous wooden shoes worn by our fathers. It is difficult for us to imagine, how they contrived to accomplish the process of locomotion with such ungainly contrivances
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HISTORY OF ANCIENT WOODBURY.
for the feet. This subject also engaged the attention of the General Court in 1677, and it was ordered that
" No shoemaker shall take above five penee half-penny a size for all playne and wooden heeld shoes, for all sizes above mens seuens, three soled shoes well made and wrought, nor above seven pence half-penny a size for well wrought French falls."
With such impediments, one would think it no great credit to the Puritan Fathers, that they abstained from the " vain and sinful amusement of dancing," for it would seem impossible to be conven- iently done, even with their best pair of " French falls."
Our fathers were somewhat punetilions in matters of etiquette. Official station was held by them in high estimation, and the titles be- longing even to the lowest grades of public service, especially if that grade was military, were always serupulously bestowed on the pos- sessor of them. In the early records, and in their intercourse with each other, Corporal Martin was as naturally addressed by his title, as Col. Minor. The title of Mr. was a title of honor, by which min- isters, deacons, constables,' (very important officers at that date.) assistants, judicial functionaries, and other distinguished characters, were addressed. Church members called each other brethren and sisters. Other individuals were characterized as Goodman, Good- wife or Neighbor. How greatly times are changed ! Little respect for titles of any kind now remains. Every man is called Mr. or Esq., and every woman " Mrs., Madam or Lady !"
In 1687, the colony of Connecticut, with the rest of New England. was filled with anxiety and alarm, on account of the pretensions and proceedings of Sir Edmund Andross. Woodbury, secure in its re- tirement among the hills, in the interior of the colony, was not so much excited with apprehension as other towns.
No allusion to the advent of that bad man appears on its records, nor was the usual action, in their town meetings, in any manner changed, except that no representatives were elected to the General Court. IIe dissolved the General Court at Hartford, wrote " Finis" on its records, and assumed the reins of government, October 31st, 1687. The colony had always lived under governors eleeted by
I The ancient towns chose their one Constable, who was to them the right arm of the king himself, a functionary treated with reverent awe, and obeyed with implicit deference. Whoever resisted his power, resisted the ordinance of God .- Porter's History of Farmington, Conn.
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HISTORY OF ANCIENT WOODBURY.
themselves, while the other colonies were suffering the tyrannies of the royal governors, appointed by the crown. This was the first, and only interruption to this right, which it had always maintained, and continued for eighteen months. After the imprisonment of An- dross, by the citizens of Boston, in April, 1689, Connectient resumed its government, and Woodbury was represented by Capt. John Minor and Lt. Israel Curtiss, in the General Court, which was immediately convened.
In April, 1693, the town voted, that for the future each one who should be admitted as an inhabitant, should be received free from payments for past expenses, should subscribe the "fundamental arti- cles," should build " a tenantable house," make " actual improvement" of his land six years, and " clear and break up" at least six acres of land in said six years, before he should have a right to sell his land. The penalty for not conforming to this rule was forfeiture of his land and improvements to the town.
In 1702, a division of the meadow on Shepaug River was made to the landholders of Woodbury, from which it appears that there were at this date seventy-eight householders, or heads of families, as no others would be entitled to a portion of the land. The families in those days were larger than at present, and this number would show, that Woodbury must have contained, at that date, five or six hundred inhabitants, perhaps more. The list follows.
Eleazer Knowles,
Mr. Stoddard, Samuel Jenner,
Henry Castle, Jun., Samuel Castle,
Ebenezer Warner,
Elizabeth Walker,
Jolm Judson, Jun.,
Roger Terrill,
John Roots, John Skeel, Jun ,
Widow Preston,
Joseph Waller,
Thomas Squire, Jun.,
John Hurlbut,
Titus Hinman,
Benjamin Hinman,
Mr. Bryan,
Joseph Hicock,
Jolin Nichols,
John Mitchell,
James Beers,
Deacon Mitchell,
John Pierce,
Thomas Applebee,
Lieut. Stiles, Parsonage, John Curtiss,
John Wheeler,
Abraham Fulford,
Thomas Minor,
Jonathan Attwood, John Stratton,
Jolın Davis, Henry Castle,
Sergeant Johnson,
Caleb Nichols,
William Marks,
Benjamin Stiles,
Samuel Munn,
Zechariah Walker, Mr. Judson,
William Martin, John Thomas,
Isaac Castle,
Thomas Drakely,
Nathaniel Tuttle, John Huthwit,
John Bartlett, Samuel Blakely, Ephraim Minor, Ebenezer Hurd, John Hurlbut, Jun , Sergeant Galpin,
Jolın Minor, Jun., John Faron,
Capt Minor,
Cornelius Brownson,
Benjamin Ilicock, Israel Curtiss, Lieut. Curtiss,
Josiah Nichols,
Joseph Minor,
1
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HISTORY OF ANCIENT WOODBURY.
William Roberts, Robert Warner,
Joseph Hicock, Jun.,
Thomas Bedient, William Frederick,
David Jenkins,
Joseph Hurd,
Sergeant Squire,
John Skeel, Jun.,
Joseph Hurlbut, Jun.,
John Wheeler, Jun.,
John Sherman,
Samuel Hinman,
Sergeant Hurd,
William Preston.
The first blacksmith in Woodbury of whom the records give us any information, was Dea. Samnel Bull, who came here from Far- mington, and the inhabitants granted him May 13th, 1706, a "ten acre accommodation," provided he should " cohabit with us six years, and Carie on the trade of a Smith in the town."
The first application for a divorce in the town was made by Jona- than Taylor, October 10th, 1708, to the General Court. He asked divorce from his wife, on the ground of her endeavoring to " take his life, by her violence, deserting him, and living with Joseph Allin, a negro, at Sackett's Farm, New York." The case was duly consid- ered and the divorce granted. For such causes it would seem that it was well granted.
As has been stated, the home-lots on which all other divisions of land were grounded, and, in proportion to which, they were granted, differed in size from ten to twenty-five acres. Bachelors received the smallest number, as we learn from a grant made to Jehiel Preston. On the 13th of May, 1706, there was granted him a " five acre ac- commodation in all the divisions, that is the half of a Bachelor's ac- commodation." Whether he was considered but half a bachelor, or what the reason was for granting him but half a home-lot, does not appear. It would seem from this fact, that bachelors were then con- sidered of little account, as has been the case in most communities, both before and since that day.
In the beginning of 1707, reports of an expedition by the French and Indians against some part of New England, gave general alarm to the country. On the 6th of February of that year, a council of war convened at Hartford, consisting of the governor, most of the council, and many of the chief military officers of the colony. In- formation of various kinds was received ; among the rest, that suspi- cions were entertained, that the Pootatuck and Wyantenuck Indians designed to join the French and Indians.
The council determined that the western frontier towns, Simsbury, Waterbury, Woodbury and Danbury, should be fortified with the ut- most expedition. It was resolved that each of these four towns should keep a scout of two faithful men, to be sent out every day, to discover the designs of the enemy, and give intelligence should they
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HISTORY OF ANCIENT WOODBURY.
make their appearance near the frontier. The people of Woodbury, with great alacrity, set about the work of preparing defenses. They repaired the fortified houses of Isaac Judson, in Judson Lane, Capt. John Minor and Rev. Anthony Stoddard. They also put in order the one that stood on the site now occupied by Mr. Horace Hurd's new house, the Bronson honse in Transylvania, and others whose location are not known. So great was the zeal shown by this town, in common with others, that the General Court made them a liberal compensation.
To prevent damage from the Pootatuck and Wyantenuck Indians, Capt. John Minor and Mr. John Sherman were appointed to remove them to Stratford and Fairfield. If by reason of sickness or any oth- er cause, they could not be removed, it was ordained that a number of their chief men should be carried down to those towns, and kept as hostages to secure the fidelity of the rest. No difficulties, however, occurred between the whites and these Indians, but they continued at peace with them, while they existed as distinct clans.
At the October session of 1708, it was enacted. that garrisons should be kept at Woodbury, and the other towns mentioned above. During this year, a body of Indians appeared in West Side, and drove the people, by their sudden and formidable appearance, into the forti- fied houses. What their intention was in coming is not known. If their design was a hostile one, no doubt the watchfulness of the people, and the strength of their fortifications, warned them that it was better for them to depart, which they accordingly did, without attempting to do any damage.
During the continuance of this war, it is related, that one Sabbath evening, after the conclusion of the services at church, while the Rev. Mr. Stoddard was walking in his garden near the Cranberry Pond, he discovered an Indian skulking among the surrounding trees and bushes. Apparently without noticing the movements of the Indian, he contrived to reenter his house, and obtain his gun. After playing the same game of skulking with his adversary for a while, Mr. Stod- dard got a fair view of him, discharged his piece, and he fell among the bushes. He dared not investigate farther that night, but having quietly given the alarm, the inhabitants sought their palisaded houses for the night. Early in the morning, he discovered another red foe, in the vicinity of his companion, whom he also laid low with his musket. By this time the people had assembled, and after scouring the country, in all directions, for several hours, and no other savages being found, the alarm subsided.
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HISTORY OF ANCIENT WOODBURY.
Beginning with King Philip's war, in which it furnished more than its just share of men, being then little more than two years old, Woodbury has always furnished her men liberally, for all the wars which have arisen in which our country has been interested. In that fruitless and fatal expedition to Wood Creek, under Gen. Nicholson, of the royal service, to assist in the reduction of Montreal and Que- bec, in 1709, Connecticut furnished her full quota of men, and Wood- bury her full share of that quota, which was nine. This undertaking was a serious loss and expense to the colonies. More than one-fourth of the troops died. Connecticut, however, more fortunate than the rest, sustained only the loss of ninety men. Of this number, two were of Woodbury, viz., Sergeant Thomas Skeel and John J. John- son, who died a few days after their return home, of disease con- tracted by exposure in the camp. In 1713, peace was made with Franee, the Indians buried the tomahawk, and peace once more glad- dened the colonies.
Forty years had elapsed since the planting of the town, and it now held a very respectable rank among its sister towns of the colony. New inhabitants had been admitted besides those already given, but, from the imperfection of the records it has been deemed best not to attempt to give the dates of arrival. The purchase rate, or tax for paying the expense of obtaining the North Purchase, laid in 1712, is given below, as the most perfect list of householders that can be offered. It also gives the amount of their estates. The list contains a hundred and twenty-five names, showing a population of about a thousand at this date.
" A Rate aceording to town order for the North Purchase, by those appoint- ed by the town to make the same, and hereto subscribing, April, 1712."
£ s. d. £ s. d.
£ s. d.
Capt. Sherman 0 2 2 Samuel Bull 033 Noah Hinman 022
Capt. Jolin Minor 0 2 2
Samuel Jenner 033 Timothy Walker 022
Mr. Anth. Stoddard 0 2 2
Nathaniel Tuttle 022 John Squire 022 Mr. Judson dee'd 0 4 4 Ephraim Tuttle 022 William Martin 022
Joseph Martin 022
John Niehols 022 Samuel Sherman 0 2 2
Benj. Hurd Jun. 022
Valentine Prentice 0 2 2
John Wheeler Sor. 0 4 4
Eliphalet Judson 022
John Minor 022 John Wheeler Jr. 0 2 2
Samuel Hicock 022
Samuel Minor 022 Joseph Hurd 0 4 4 Thomas Mallory 022
Roger Terrell 022 Adino Strong 04 4 Jolin Hurd
Stephen Terrell 022 Thomas Wheeler 0 2 2
Elnathan Strong 044
Jonathan Atwood 022 William Gaylord 0 2 2
Joseph Galpin 022
John Judson Jr. 044 William Preston 022 Jno. Baker, 022
Joseph Judson 022 Jehiel Preston 022 Robert Warner 022
022
Jolin Bartlit 022 Samuel Knowles 022
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HISTORY OF ANCIENT WOODBURY.
£s d.
£ s. d.
£ s. d.
Jonathan Judson 022 John Curtiss 033 Jeremiah Thomas 0 2 2
Thomis Minor 022 Stephen Curtiss 022 Jno Sherman 0 2
Joseph Minor 022 Joseph Hicock 044 Nathaniel Hurlbut 0 2 2
Ephraim Minor 022 Francis Stile 0 4 1 Corlas Brownsou 022
Josiah Minor 022
Eleazer Knowles 0 3 3
Roger Terrill, Jr. 0 2 2
Benja Galpin 022 Thomas Knowles 0 2 2
Jolin Thomas 022
Doctr Warner 022 Sergant Johnson 033 llenry Castle 022
Ensign Mitchel 044 John Johnson 022
Isac Castle 022
Jolin Mitchel, Jor. 0 2 2 Moses Johnson 022 Same! Blakly 022
Thos, Squire, dd. 0 4 1
John Skeel, Sor. 033
022
Will Fradrick 022
Ebenezer Squire 0 2 2
Thomas Skeel 0 2 2
Joslma Curtiss 022
Joseph Booth 014
Samuel Stiles 022
Will Castle 022
Dea Mitchel 0 14
Benjamin Ilicock 0 3 3
Samel Castle 022
Jolin Root 014
John Pierce, Sor. 0 2 2
Josiah Nichol 0 2 0
Josiah Root 022
John Pierce Jor. 0 2 2
Sergant Hurd 055
-Henry Castle 022 John IInthwit 0 22
Ebenr Hard 0 4 1
Jo. Inrlbut, Sor. 0 2 2
Benj Ilinman 066 Robert Hurd 022
Jo. Ilarlbut, Jor. 022 Adam Hinman 022 Dea. Walker )33
Jo. Wallar 022 Titus Ilinman 055
Corlas Hurbut 022 Samnel Hinman 033
Mun 066
Mr. Bryan 0 8 1 John Davis 022
Jno Hurlbnt 022 Lt. Curtiss 022 Doctor Butler for
Jno Thomas 022 Israel Curtiss 022 Thomas Bedient 0 2 2
Corlius Brownson 022 Samnel Squire 022 Hezekiah Tuitle 0 2 2
Will Mark 022 Thomas and John
Andrew Hinman 0 2 2
Thomas Drakly 022 Leavenworth 0 4 4
It will have been noticed, that great minuteness has been observed, in tracing the history of the early fathers to this point, and not with- out reason. There is an interest lingering about the history, sayings and doings of those iron-hearted men, which belongs to no later race. The most trivial details, in regard to them, seem important, and we gather them up with ever increasing interest. It was they who sub- dued this wilderness land, and established here our happy homes, and the germ of our enduring liberties. It was they who laid here the foundations, deep and broad, of our religious institutions, and, when they themselves had no " temple made with hands," in which to wor- ship the God of their fathers, led their children to the secluded fast- ness of Bethel Rock, to pour forth their prayers and praise. In later years, when they, by the labor of their own hands, had been able to ereet a house to worship in, they devoutly gathered, on the holy Sab- bath morn, themselves and their households, to thank the Great Cre- ator for the undeserved blessings which they enjoyed, while guards
Daniel and Samuel
Jonathan Hurbnt 0 2 2
Eben. Brownson 0 2 :
Samnel Martin 022
Jonathan Mitchel 0 2 2
Jonathan Hongh 022
Thos. Squire, Jor. 0 2 2 John Skeel, Jor.
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HISTORY OF ANCIENT WOODBURY.
watched without against the dangers of sudden ambuscade. It was they who laid the first foundation of the educational institutions which we now enjoy. The few errors they had, were errors of the head and not of the heart. They labored amid difficulties, and we have entered into the results of those labors. They sleep well, in these religious vales, far from the land of their fathers. "The dark brown years" have passed over the sacred mounds which cover them, for many generations. Is it wonderful, then, that their posterity linger with a sad interest over the lightest trace of their doings? Is it strange, that we notice, with approbation, acts which, at the present day, would be unworthy of remark? Who can contemplate the hard- ships, labors and dangers of our ancestors, their self-denial, magna- nimity, firmness, and perseverance in defending and transmitting to us the fairest inheritance, and not higlily esteem and venerate their characters ? It must be, that a proper estimate of the wisdom, so- briety, industry, economy and integrity, which enabled our fathers to do so much, will induce us, their descendants, to emulate their ex- ample, and by constant vigilance, to hand down untarnished, our dis- tinguished liberties and happiness to the latest generation.
CHAPTER VII.
INDIAN HISTORY.
1639 TO 1771; FORMATION AND WESTERN TENDENCY OF THE TRIBES ; SUCCESSION OF CLANS, WEPAWANGS, PAUGUSSETTS, POOTATUCKS, WYANTENUCKS AND SCAT- ACOOKS ; THE MOHAWKS OPPRESS THE WESTERN INDIANS ; POMPERAUG, THE FIRST POOTATUCK SACHEM ; ILIS BURIAL PLACE ; CHARACTER AND RELIGION OF THE POOTATUCKS; GREAT POWWOW OF 1720; HUMAN SACRIFICES ; LE- GEND OF BETHEL ROCK ; LEGEND OF SQUAW ROCK ; LEGEND OF NONNEWAUG FALLS; THEIR NUMBERS ; LIST OF POOTATUCKS ; WATCHIBROK'S DISCLOSURE ; THE WAMPUM BELT ; RESTRICTIONS UPON THE INDIANS ; CALEB MARTIN'S PETITION ; LIEUT. EBENEZER WARNER'S PETITION; TREATY ; COCKSHURE'S ISLAND AND TUMMASSEETE'S OLD ORCHARD; LOCATION OF POOTATUCK VIL- LAGE; ROMANTIC VIEW ; RELIGIOUS EFFORTS; ATCHETOSET'S PETITION ; MOWEHU'S PETITION; SALE OF SOUTH PURCHASE IN 1733; WERAUMAUG ; MR. BOARDMAN PRAYS THREE HOURS WITH HIM; GIDEON MAUWEHU FORMS THE SCATACOOK CLAN ; MORAVIAN MISSIONARIES; SALE OF POOTATUCK IN 1739; INDIAN RELICS ; BURIAL GROUNDS ; REFLECTIONS.
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