USA > Connecticut > Hartford County > New Britain > Memorial. Genealogy, and ecclesiastical history [of First Church, New Britain, Conn.] To which is added an appendix, with explanatory notes, and a full index > Part 8
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January 9th, 1758, voted unanimously in favor of proceeding to settle Rev. John Smalley, provided the approbation of the Association can be obtained. Voted to give him £150 lawful money, as a settlement. Voted to give him a salary of £50 per annum for three first years, and after- wards £60 and twenty cords of wood.
March 6th, 1758, Mr. Smalley signifies his acceptance of the terms pro- posed. We have not been able to find the letter of acceptance, or record of it, but we find on the records of the South Association of Hartford county, the following brief account of the action of that body in the matter of " gathering a church" and ordaining the minister.
At an Ecclesiastical Council convened at New Britain, to gather a church of Christ there, and to ordain Mr. John Smalley to the work of the gospel ministry there, April 18th, 1758, present,
The Rev. Messrs. William Russel, Moderator,
Ashbel Woodbridge, Moses Bartlet, Edward Eeels, - James Lockwood, Scribe, Joshua Belden, Timothy Pitkin,
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Rev. Samuel Clark,
Deacon William Rockwell and Deacon Isaac Lee,
Capt. John Rich,
Mr. Nathaniel Chauncey,
Col. Thomas Wells and Col. Elizur Goodrich,
Deacon Joshua Andrus and Deacon William Wadsworth,
Deacon Thomas Hart and Deacon Hewit Strong.
Voted, that Mr. John Smalley, agreeably to the votes and call of this society, and his acceptance, be ordained to the work of the gospel minis- try, according to Saybrook platform, and he was so ordained by this coun- cil, this nineteenth day of April, 1758, by the imposition of the hands of the Presbytery, with fasting and prayer.
Test, James Lockwood, Scribe.
Recorded by Benjamin Bowers, Scribe of the Association."
The name of John Smalley next appears on the record of this Associa- tion at the bottom of the list, October 3d, 1758, at their meeting in Middle Haddam, (indicating that he was the youngest member, or the latest set- tled.) October 7th, 1760, "Voted at Marlborough, that Rev. Mr. John Smalley preach the next Association." October 5th, 1762, the record says the Association met at Stepney, at the house of Rev. Mr. Daniel Russel, and Rev. Benjamin Pomroy was moderator, and Rev. Elijah La- throp, scribe ; that Rev. John Smalley preached the sermon, and joined that body, (which it may be observed, consisted of from sixteen to twenty ministers at that date.)
April 1st, 1763, the Ecclesiastical Society voted to increase Mr. Smal- ley's salary to the sum of £90; but from that time to 1766 the society continues to be annually agitated by the opposition of certain members to the grant, and on account of the uneasiness, Mr. Smalley proposed an abatement of £10 annually.
January 7th, 1768, at a meeting of Hartford County South Association, at the house of the Rev. Mr. James Lockwood, in Wethersfield, Rev. J. Belden, moderator, and Eleazer May, scribe, Rev. John Smalley and Enoch Huntington were appointed delegates to attend the General Con- vention to be holden at Newark, in "New Jersey," the first Wednesday of October next.
June 6th, 1769, Association met in Kensington, at the house of Rev. Mr. Samuel Clark, Rev. Benjamin Pomroy, moderator, and John Eells, scribe, voted that the Rev. Mr. Smalley prepare a concio, to be delivered at the next Association, on the following question, viz : " What kind of profession is required of adult persons in order to admission into the visi- ble church ?"*
* Mr. Smalley had discontinued the " half-way covenant," after January 25th, A. D. 1767, in his society.
-
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June 3d, 1777, the South Association of Hartford County met in Mid- dlefield, at the house of Rev. Abner Benedict, Dr. Pomroy, moderator, Rev. Enoch Huntington, scribe. Mr. Smalley was chosen to make a concio at the next Association, upon this question, viz : " Whether it is right in any cases, and if in any, in what cases to admit persons of adult years to the enjoyment of one of the sacraments and not to the other ?"
In February, 1779, his people voted him an increase to his salary on account of depreciation of paper currency.
June 5th, 1781, Association met at the house of Rev. David Hunting- ton, in Marlborough, Rev. Ephraim Little, moderator, E. Huntington scribe ; Association opened with prayer, and a sermon by Rev. Mr. Smalley, and he with three other ministers were appointed a committee to advise on a difficulty in Chatham, where some complained of Mr. Strong for declining to baptize children of parents, neither of whom came to the Lord's Supper.
October 5th, 1784, Association met at New Britain, at the house of Rev. J. Smalley, Rev. E. Huntington, moderator, and Strong, scribe. On motion of New Haven County Association to appoint one of a commit- tee, to join a like committee from that and other Associations, to inspect and assist Mr. Barlow in the new impression of Watts' psalms, the Rev. Mr. Smalley was appointed. It will be observed that this year, 1784, occurred the principal revival of religion during Mr. Smalley's long min- istry ; some forty or fifty persons were added to the church, as fruits of this work.
The General Association of Connecticut met in New Britain, June 5th, 1787, when Mr. Smalley was appointed moderator, having been previously appointed a delegate to that body.
October 7th, 1788, Association met at Chatham, at the house of Rev. Cyprian Strong, Rev. J. Smalley, moderator, and Mr. Strong, scribe; Mr. Smalley preached the sermon. He was appointed at this meeting a mis- sionary from this Association "into the State of Vermont," agreeable to the recommendation of General Association in June last.
June 1st, 1790, Association met at the house of Rev. John Marsh, in Wethersfield, Rev. Joshua Belden, moderator, E. Huntington, scribe. Mr. Smalley preached the sermon, from John 6, 29. Mr. Smalley and Mr. Fenn chosen delegates to next General Association. Voted to re- quest Mr. Smalley to itinerate, according to the advice of General Asso- ciation in 1788. He published two sermons on natural and moral inabil- ity, 1769. (These were republished in London;) also two sermons on universal salvation, preached at Wallingford, and printed, the one in 1785, the other in 1786, and a sermon delivered in the College chapel, at New Haven, on the Perfection and usefulness of the Divine Law, 1787. His celebrated election sermon, published in 1800. But his principal works
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were two volumes of sermons, the first published in 1803, the second in 1814. These works are now nearly out of print, and rare to be found. His papers have been borrowed, filched, lost and scattered until little or nothing is left to indicate the style of his writings, or the channel in which his vigorous mind ran. The record he kept of the "gathering" and growth of his church, was in the fewest possible words, (and too many omissions at that ;) his letters even to family friends must have been few and far between, and we have been able to find only the brief note following, on file among the church files of Kensington, viz :
" New Britain, September 4th, 1778. Beloved Brethren, these are to certify that Anna Bronson, professing a serious desire to join with the church, and a hope that she has experienced the grace of God in truth, has applied to me to examine her, and that having examined her as to her knowledge, I apprehend she is not so far deficient in that regard but that she may and ought to be admitted to communion, if by her life and con- duct she appears to be truly serious and pious. Wishing you grace, mercy and peace, I remain yours in the faith and fellowship of the gospel."
(signed) John Smalley.
The reader will infer that the above named woman was a resident of the parish of Kensington, and during the interim between Rev. Samuel Clark and the ordination and settlement of Mr. Benoni Upson, she made the application to Rev. Mr. Smalley at New Britain, and doubtless was the bearer of the certificate in person to the brethren in Kensington. His object was so to word the paper as to induce the brethren to receive her to their communion, while at the same time, to avoid all flattery to the woman. Hence we perceive the shrewdness and wisdom of the man, in putting into her hands, in a few words, a sermon to herself, and a greeting and blessing to the church with which she sought to be united. We will now return to the doings of the society. The following shows their inten- tion of being prompt and just.
At an annual meeting of the Society of New Britain, in December, 1771, it was agreed by vote that Isaac Lee, jun., Capt. Ladwick Hotch- kiss, Dr. Isaac Lee, Mr. Noah Stanley, and John Patterson be a commit- tee to reckon with the several collectors of the Rev. Mr. Smalley's salary, since the year 1763, and settle the same. Also to reckon with the Rev. Mr. Smalley, and settle his salary from the said 1763, according to the several votes, and take his discharge, and if the several rate bills be not sufficient, to order the treasurer to pay the balance to Mr. Smalley, but if there be any overplus, to deliver the same to the treasurer, to be applied for the benefit of the society .*
A true copy of record, examined by Isaac Lee, jun., Society Clerk.
* The following found on the town record of Farmington, shows the careful interest our fathers took in the welfare of their pastor.
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The above shows the modus operandi of paying the minister. A rate bill was put into the hands of a collector, supposed to be sufficient to pay the yearly salary. Abatements on this bill were made from time to time for " Separates," Churchmen, and the poor. It was the duty of the col- lector to see that the salary was collected and paid to the minister, on or before the expiration of the year, and the balance of his rate bill to pay over to the treasurer of the society. This seems to be a sacred and sepa- rate tax bill, called the " Minister's Rate," separated from that of the other expenses of the society, for which they issued yearly what they style on the treasurer's book, a "Society Rate," and had a distinct collector. Some curious transactions appear on this book or record of the treasurer. The debit side is made up of sums paid to individuals per order of the society committee, for school teaching, for repairs to school-houses, for "burying yard" fence, repairs to the meeting-house, for teaching singing, sweeping the meeting-house, for collecting taxes, for boarding the school-master and the " school-dame," to John Stedman, Elihu Burritt, and Lemuel Kilborn, for soldiers' bounty, 1782, &c. The contra side is mostly made up of credits for country money, colony money, salt money, excise money,* grain for the benefit or improvement of highways, and in 1780, at sixty dollars per bushel, (continental;) also credits for the taxes of the society rate bill, and generally a small balance or overplus of the minister's rate bill. Mr. Smalley's salary was fixed at £80, and so continued to the settlement of Mr. Skinner, 1810.
To show who paid these taxes, who composed the male adults of the congregation, and who were the bone and sinew of the parish at the com- mencement of the Revolution, we insert the following tax list for the year 1772, copied from the Farmington records, for the parish of New Britain. It is premised that the polls were set in the Grand List at that date, at £18, or sixty dollars.
" At a meeting of the inhabitants of the town of Farmington, held the 11th day of December, 1758, upon the memorial of Capt. Jonathan Lewis, Mr. Daniel Dewy, and Deacon Elijah Hart, as agents for the parish of New Britain, the town granted to Rev. Mr. John Smalley about twelve acres of land in the forty rod highway, to be in two pieces, if it may there be had without damaging the road, and also made choice of Left. John Strong, Capt. William Wadsworth, and Mr. Elijah Porter, as a committee to lay out said land, and deed it, so as may be best for said Mr. Smalley, and least damagable to the said highway." This land was sold subsequently to Col. Lee, by Mr. Smalley, and was commonly called Col. Lee's old field ; it extended from the foot of Dublin Hill to the present railroad, and adjoined Main street on the west. Col. Lee built a house at the south end for his son Theodore.
* This seems to be a tax of four pence per gallon on imported spirits, 1755, for the benefit of schools.
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Tax List of New Britain Parish, 1772.
£ s. d.
£ s. d.
Moses Andrus,
110 17 0
Judah Heart, jun., 54 80
Jacob Andrus,
39 14 0 Lemuel Hotchkiss, 38 00
Hezekiah Andrus,
68 12 0 Benj. and Joseph Heart, 115 18 0
Levi Andrus,
66 00 Widow Sarah Heart, 27 60
Samuel Andrus, 38 12 0
James Hills,
18 00
Phineas Andrus,
10 16 0 Gideon Hun,
5 16 0
Ichabod Andrus,
23 00
Gideon Hollister,
47 17 0
Seth Arnold, 18 00
Capt. Phineas Judd,
129 7 0
Nathan Booth,
172 10 0
James Judd,
76 10 0
Elijah Bronson,
64 16 0
Left. John Judd,
94 16 0
Job Bronson,
66 10 0
John Judd, jun., 28 00
Ezra Belden,
27 18 0
Levi Judd,
58 13 0
Elisha Booth,
121 10 0
John Kilborn,
18 10 0
Leonard Belden,
40 00
Timothy Kilborn,
17 40
Ezra Belden, jun.,
24 10 0
Josiah Kilborn,
60 16 0
Jonathan Belden,
31 00
Joshua Kilborn,
45 15 0
John Clark, 135 18 0
Daniel Kilborn,
6 19 0
Nathaniel Churchill,
48 80
Richard Kilborn,
25 70
Janna Churchill,
49 10
John Root,
1 4 0
John Chester,
2 00 .
Capt. Jonathan Lewis,
30 10 0
Widow Sarah Clark,
21 18 0
Deacon Josiah Lee,
112 18 0
Deacon Daniel Dewy,
43 14 0
Col. Isaac Lee,
136 19 0
Samuel Dickinson,
43 18 0
Ensign John Lankton,
129 8 0
David Dewey,
98 70
Stephen Lee, 63 12 0
Cornelius Dunham,
39 00
David Lusk,
119
20
Moses Deming,
7 50
Adonijah Lewis,
54
60
Jonathan Eno,
45 86
William Lewis,
69
60
Elijah Francis,
100 14 0
John Lusk, 43 12 0
Zebulon Goodrich,
58 60
Isaac Lankton, 62
3 6
Jedediah Goodrich,
64 4 0
Andrew Lusk,
43
30
Gideon Griswold,
149 10 0
Theodore Lee,
46
8 0
Benjamin Goodrich,
9 18 0
Timothy Lee, 2d,
21
00
Zebulon Goodrich, jun., 34 60
Ashbel Lee,
27 00
Wd. Experience Griswold, 12
00
Joshua Mather,
18 20
Capt. Ladwick Hotchkiss, 73
30
David Mather,
40 18 0 .
Judah Hart, 49
80
Timothy Merrills,
8 16 0
Stephen Hollister,
56 12 0
James North,
43 16 0
Elijah Heart,
64 18 0
Elnathan North,
18 00
Thomas Hart,
78 00
Jeremiah H. Osgood,
66 00
John Heart,
63 80 John Patterson,
74 40
Jehudah Heart,
50 20
Nathaniel Pennfield.
49 10 0
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NEW BRITAIN.
£ s. d.
£ s. d.
John Richards,
78 16 0 Ens. Robert Woodruff, 118 8 0
Elijah Rose,
23 00
Judah Wright, 30 15 0
William Smith,
46 10 0
Ezekiel Wright,
48 12 0
Thomas Stanley,
103 6 0
Simeon Wright,
22 0 0
Joseph Smith,
121 8 0 Samuel Wainwright, 31 19 0
Jedediah Smith,
44 19 0
Amos Woodruff, 36 00
Noah Stanley,
157 2 0
John Wood,
4 20
Elijah Smith,
70 12 0
Joseph Wright,
18 00
Timothy Stanley,
170 16 0
Reuben Wright,
18 00
Left. Gad Stanley,
172 50 Joshua Webster,
18 00
Ebenezer Steele,
. 21 00
Levi Warner,
18 00
Samuel Smith,
66 10 0 Daniel Heart,
77 14 0
Elnathan Smith,
8600
Ebenezer Porter,
12 5 0
John Stedman,
18 00
Fourfold assessment,
Joseph Woodruff,
78 80
Daniel Whaples, 11 20
Examined by Solomon Whitman, Town Clerk.
NOTE. The above are supposed to be residents of the parish at that date. ED.
At the annual meeting of the society December 25th, 1779, Col. Lee, Col. Stanley, and Elnathan Smith, were appointed a committee to unite with Kensington, and that part of Worthington in Farmington, to petition the General Assembly for a new town.
In May, 1781, we find the names of Selah Heart, I. Lee, Gad Stanley, Mathew Cole, and Elnathan Smith, signed as agents to a petition addressed to the General Assembly, (then sitting at Hartford,) for a new town, the name to be Kensington. The subject was pressed and agitated until the spring of 1785, when the object was obtained, and a part of Wethersfield and Middletown added, and the whole called Berlin. Several bills of ex- pense were paid by the society to Col. Lee and Col. Gad Stanley, for " procuring the new town."
When the war of the Revolution broke out, Mr. Smalley's people dis- covered that his sympathies were inclined to the side of royalty. An in- cident has come down, not only by tradition, but in writing, to illustrate and show the state of feeling. Two British vessels appeared off New London, and an express was sent to alarm the people of the colony. It arrived in New Britain on the Sabbath, just before the close of the after- noon service. As soon as the blessing was pronounced, Capt. Gad Stan- ley gave notice to his company to appear on the parade the next morning, and when Mr. Smalley passed out at the front door, from his pulpit, many of his people had gathered there in great excitement, when he (impru- dently) made the following remark: "What ! will you fight your king ?" The people were offended, and some few here, and more in the old society of Farmington, threatened violence; but Col. Lee (who had unbounded
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influence,) came to the rescue of both parties, and the tempest was hushed and passed off without any serious outbreak. Mr. Smalley's views were somewhat modified, and the final results of the great struggle happily sat- isfied all parties.
That the talents and acquirements of Mr. Smalley were appreciated by his cotemporaries in this vicinity, appears by the records of the South Association of Hartford County, already quoted to some extent on the foregoing pages, where his appointments to preach were numerous, as well as to write on knotty and practical questions. He was twice chosen moderator of the General Association of Connecticut, at Windham, 1797, and at New Britain, 1787.
We find in Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit, an article from the pen of Professor Park, of Andover, in which he says, speaking of Dr. Emmons, that he placed himself under the instruction of Rev. John Smal- ley, who had then, (1769,) the reputation of being one of the ablest divines in New England. We confess our surprise at this remark, so early in his career, only eleven years of experience in the ministry, and before he had published any of his efforts, except his two sermons on Natural and Moral Inability. If it was an appropriate remark of his popularity at that early period of his history, how much more so after the great awakening of 1784, when the General Association of Connecticut invited him to labor as a missionary in Vermont, and when his theological researches had been elaborated and perfected at a later date. Probably his palmiest days were from 1780 to 1795, when his talents, piety, and character were most fully developed. In 1800, he had conferred upon him, by the College in New Jersey, the title of D. D .; his friend, Rev. Mr. Strong, of Hartford, rallied him on the title as of little worth ; but the same College the next year, conferred the like honor upon Mr. Strong. The first time Dr. Smalley met his friend afterwards was on the side walk in Hartford, when he took him by the hand with the remark, " I congratulate you, Dr. Strong, on the title which a short time since you so much affected to despise."
During the revival of 1784, Father Mills, of Torringford, was invited to spend some time in this parish, and did so, to great profit; his efforts are still remembered by a very few who have survived the ravages of time. He was a revival preacher, and was early sent as a missionary from Con- necticut to Vermont. It has already been stated that Mr. Smalley had been invited to labor in Vermont, as a missionary, and requested to itine- rate as late as 1790. All these itinerate labors looked towards the later organization of the Connecticut Missionary Society, and other kindred in- stitutions,* though unconsciously to the actors. Mr. Smalley was not
* The " Missionary Society of Connecticut" was first the General Association, which adopted a constitution as a Missionary Society, 1798, incorporated, 1802, but
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attractive as a preacher, although tall and large, with a dignified and com- manding appearance, yet destitute of that easy and graceful manner so desirable in a public speaker .* His voice was nasal and harsh, his man- ner stiff, and his gestures awkward. Yet notwithstanding these natural disadvantages, the acuteness and discrimination of his mind, would show in every sermon, and sound reasoning and rich instruction rewarded every hearer.
Concerning the people of the parish during the last quarter of the eighteenth century, it may be said no people were more constant in attend- ance on public worship, and none better fed and instructed. He was very sensitive and jealous of any neglect, remissness or wandering of his peo- ple, and they were very proud of his talents and celebrity. In his social and domestic relations he was somewhat reserved and uncongenial; so naturally, and constitutionally, as well as from close study and constant research.
Either from the smallness of his salary, or from the love of imparting knowledge, (probably from both,) he took from time to time, a few stu- dents in theology into his family to board, and into his study to recite. Doubtless this was a source of some income to his family, and literary satisfaction to himself. Some of these divinity students made a mark in the world, and with a hope of adding some little to the common stock of general history, we venture to make a list of some of those known to be under his tutelage.
Oliver Ellsworth, of Windsor, Conn., son of David and his wife, Jemi- mah, born April 29th, 1745, graduated 1766, at Nassau Hall, began the study of divinity with Mr. Smalley, 1767 ; he left the next year, however, the study of theology for the study of law, and became, 1784, Judge of the Superior Court of his native State, and March 4th, 1796, Chief Justice of the United States. He died at Windsor, Conn., November 26th, 1807, in the sixty-third year of his age. He was one of the stars of Connecticut.
Nathaniel Emmons, born April 12th, (O. S.,) 1745, at East Haddam, Conn., to Samuel and his wife, Ruth (Cone,) graduated at Yale College, 1767, became a theological student of Rev. Mr. Smalley, 1768, licensed to preach by Hartford County South Association, October 3d, 1769, at
began to act by committee and otherwise, 1792, and is the oldest in the country. See Rev. Horace Hooker's Contribution to Ecclesiastical History of Connecticut.
* Dr. Upson, of Kensington, was fond of a joke, and often exchanged with Dr. Smalley. When old Mr. Eldad Peck, of "Blue Hills," a section of Mr. Upson's par- ish, paid his silver coin to the parish collector, for Dr. Upson's rate, he said to him, " Tell Dr. Upson that no part of that is for the preaching of Mr. Smalley, for I don't like him." When Mr. Upson heard of it, he made up his mind to enjoy the joke on Dr. Smalley, the first fit opportunity. "Ah !" (was the quick reply,) " Ah ! brother Up- son, evidence that your people think more of the manner than the matter."
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NEW BRITAIN.
New Britain, Conn., was settled in Franklin, a parish of Wrentham, Mass., 1773. Dartmouth College gave him the title of D. D., 1798. He died September 23d, 1840, aged ninety-five years and five months. It is wholly unnecessary to speak of the standing of Dr. Emmons. He says, " When I first went as a pupil to Dr. Smalley's I was full of old Calvin- ism, and thought I was prepared to meet the Doctor on all points of his new divinity. For some time all things went on smoothly. At length he began to advance some sentiments which were new to me, and opposed to my former views. I contended with him, but he quietly tripped up my heels, and there I lay at his mercy. But I had no thought of giving up so. I arose and commenced the struggle anew, but before I was aware of it I was floored again. Thus matters proceeded for some time ; he gradu- ally leading me along to the place of light, and I struggling to remain in darkness. At length he gained the victory ; I began to see a little light ; it was a new point and seemed distant; by degrees it grew and came nearer. From that time to this the light has been increasing, and I feel assured that the great doctrines of grace which I have preached for fifty years, are in strict accordance with the 'law and the testimony." His pub- lished works were about one hundred and fifty volumes.
Nathan Fenn, of Milford, graduated at Yale, 1775, ordained and installed over the church and society in Worthington parish, Berlin, May, 1780, was a divinity student of Mr. Smalley about 1776, licensed to preach by New Haven East, 1776. He died in the midst of his usefulness, April 21st, 1799, in his fiftieth year, and nineteenth of his ministry in Berlin, Conn. His widow, Eunice, died August 12th, 1807, aged fifty-five. Their graves are shown side by side in the hill cemetery in Berlin.
Ebenezer Porter, son of Ebenezer, born October 5th, 1772, at Corn- wall, Conn., graduated at Dartmouth, 1792, was a divinity student of Mr. Smalley, 1793-4 ; he was licensed to preach at Meriden, Conn., by Hart- ford South Association, June 3d, 1794, said at that time to be from Tin- mouth, Vermont. He was ordained September 6th, 1796, and installed over the church and society in Washington, Conn., dismissed December 18th, 1811. In 1814, the degree of D. D. was conferred upon him by Dartmouth College. In 1827, he became President of Andover Theolo- gical Seminary. He died April 8th, 1834, at Andover, aged sixty-two. Few men on the American Continent ever attained to higher usefulness or eminence as a theologian, or in correct and elegant writing.
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