USA > Connecticut > New Haven County > New Haven > New Haven, a book recording the varied activities of the author in his efforts over many years to promote the welfare of the city of his adoption since 1883, together with some researches into its storied past and many illustrations > Part 57
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"THE FRANKLIN ELM"
(See Section V)
"At the corner of Church and Chapel Streets stood the most storied, perhaps, of New Haven elms, the 'Franklin Elm.' Jerry Allen, a 'poet and pedagogue,' brought it in on his back from Hamden Plains and sold it to Thaddeus Beecher for a pint of rum and some trifles. It was planted on the day of Franklin's death, April 17, 1790." (Vide pages 99-100. )
The writer well recalls the tree as it appeared gaily decorated with flags by Edward C. Beecher for the celebration of the cen- tenary of its planting by his Grandfather Beecher-Beechers run- ning true to form. It was a gala occasion, with an address by the grandson and much publicity in the daily papers. Today, this corner of the Oldi Green is a dreary waste of concrete from which the ten-thousand-dollar Bennett Memorial Fountain rises. The writer fought in vain to have the money, if it must be accepted. expended in a small quiet bronze drum encircled by a band of figures and simulating the famous fountain of Ragusa. Mr. Paul Wayland Bartlett was ready to undertake the work, but other counsels prevailed and the Bennett fountain arose, designed by Professor John Ferguson Weir after the choragic monument of Lysicrates in Athens. The inscription by Judge Baldwin reads : "Philo Bennett gave it to the City."
678
679
TEMPLE STREET IN THE DAYS OF ITS GLORY
(See Section XI)
Temple Street, intersecting the Old Green, flanked by elms planted during the movement inaugurated by James Hillhouse, the Patriot, in 1784, for beautifying the city by planting elms on the Old Green and on many city streets.
GROVE HALL, CHURCH AND GROVE STREETS
(See Section XI, pages 195-201)
Grove Hall, on the northeast corner of Church and Grove Streets, was, in its original state, the mansion of James Abraham Hillhouse ( 1730-1775, Yale College 1749), a native of Montville, near New London, a son of the Rev. James Hillhouse, the Colonist, who came of an ancient though untitled family long established at Londonderry in the north of Ireland. James Abraham became a prominent New Haven lawyer and, having no children of his own, adopted his nephew, James Hillhouse, the Patriot, a son of his brother. the Hon. William Hillhouse (1728-1816), of Mont- ville. And so it was that as a little boy, James, destined to have so great and useful a career, came to live in New Haven with his Uncle James and his aunt, Mary (Lucas) Hillhouse (known to fame as "Madam Hillhouse" long after her death in 1822). The once-so-fine mansion, which, greatly altered and enlarged, was to end as a school for young "ladies of quality" and finally as a board- ing house, was known to this generation as Grove Hall. When the building was demolished in 1925, the staircase, the front doors. and some fragments of paneling were secured, through the efforts of the writer and the generosity of Mr. Kusterer, for the New Haven Colony Historical Society. Subsequently, the staircase was installed in the new building by Mr. Frederick J. Kelly, the architect.
Who does not remember the frail figure in a flowing black dress, who so often walked back and forth. back and forth, between the front door and the front gate of the old house? Romance had just brushed her sleeve-in her "lost youth" she had danced with the Prince of Wales!
680
"THE GREEN" WHEN NEW HAVEN WAS "THE CITY OF ELMS"
(See Section V)
New Haven Green in the great days of the elms. A view probably taken about 1875-1885 from the roof of the Insurance Building on Chapel Street. Note the liberty pole, successor of a long line of "liberty poles" reaching back to the early days of the War of the American Revolution, when patriots, calling them- selves "Sons of Liberty," put up such poles all over New England. Alas, that the great tradition is no more! It is impossible for anyone today to judge the beauty of the scene spread out before the visitor as he came out of Church Street and saw the Green in the great days of the famous New Haven Elms.
681
TRIANGLE AT BROADWAY AND ELM STREET
(See Section V)
Small triangular park in front of Christ Church, formed by the intersection of Elm Street and Broadway. This picture was taken before the trees were cut down to make way for the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument that now occupies this small treeless park. The trees here shown cut off the view of the old white wooden church replaced by the present brownstone Gothic fabric. designed by Vaughn and built during the incumbency of the Reverend Dr. G. Brinley Morgan, whose monument now stands in front of the church, near which he was killed by an automobile.
682
THE FAMOUS COLONNADE OF TEMPLE STREET
(See Section V)
"He brought from a farm of his in Meriden, and set out partly with his own hands, the elms that now interlock their giant arms over the famous colonnade of Temple Street."
"He lives in the affections of his countrymen, and his deeds are his monument." ("Life and Public Services of Hon. James Hill- house," by the Rev. Dr. Leonard Bacon, New Haven, 1860. )
683
LOUISA CORNELIA (HUGGINS) TUTHILL
684
LOUISA CORNELIA (HUGGINS) TUTHILL
(Born in New Haven, Connecticut, 6 July, 1798; died in Princeton, New Jersey, I June 1879)
She is credited with naming New Haven "The City of Elms."
The following account of this now forgotten celebrity is to be found in Appleton's "Cyclopaedia of American Biography" (page 189) :
"During the last thirty years of her life she resided at Princeton. She contributed anonymously to magazines, and among other works published 'James Somers, the Pilgrim's Son' (Boston, 1827); 'Mary's Visit to Boston' (1829) ; 'Ancient Architecture' (New Haven, 1830) ; 'Calisthenics' (Hartford, 1831) ; 'Young Lady's Home' (New Haven, 1841) ; 'I will be a Lady' (Boston. 1845) ; 'I will be a Gentleman' (1846) ; 'A Strike for Freedom' (1848) ; a series of 'Tales for the Young' (1844-'50) ; a new series for the young' (1852-'4) ; 'True Manliness, or the Land- scape Gardener' (1865) ; and 'The Young Lady at Home and in Society' (New York, 1869). With others she prepared 'The Juvenile Library for Boys and Girls,' and edited 'Young Lady's Reader' (New Haven, 1840) ; 'Mirror of Life' (Philadelphia, 1848) ; and 'Beauties of De Quincy' (Boston, 1861). Many of her books were republished in England."
It is clear from her likeness that she was "eminently Victorian." The list of her miscellaneous works completes the portrait of a very superior person. Her book on "Ancient Architecture" con- tains much of interest to New Haveners. (See also footnote on pages 228-229. )
685
.....
THE OLD TOWN PUMP
(See Section V)
Canopy over the old town pump on the southeast corner of the Green. The water was contaminated, but due to the force of tradition and habit, the public persisted in using it. Finally, as a measure of safety, the "City Fathers" replaced the old pump by a fountain piped for city water. The old pump was one of New Haven's oldest public institutions and it had, if not a sanitary, indeed a venerable past. It went back to the day when New Haven was a city of wells, as well as a "City of Elms."
686
A MISTREATED ELM STREET ELM
(See Section V)
Dead elm on Elm Street near State Street. Photographed in July, 1908, for the author, by Mr. M. W. Filley. Though not on the old Green, I insert this picture to show how a splendid tree has suffered almost every kind of neglect. It has been defoliated by beetles, its bark has been rubbed and burned off by electric wires, it has been girdled by guy-wires, and it has been trimmed without any regard for the simplest rules. This beautiful tree was almost wantonly killed. Its trunk, still standing, should be visited by anyone who thinks it died of old age. (An old note on this photograph.)
687
FIL- LET
WHEN YOU
YOU
GET THE TRYY DUSTED YOU
HEAKY T
MY. THIS TREE MATYT BEEN DUSTED YLARS
UN TALE
GREETLE
LAN PUST
10,000
40 SEVANS
I'LL SHOW EN HOW TO MANICURE THESE STREETS
WE ARE THE
LAN
NY BUT THIS
88
HOTAK D TREEMAN
CARTOONS: CAMPAIGN TO SAVE THE ELMS
(See Section V)
Cartoon by Howard Freeman, published in the New Haven Union of April 5, 1909, during the campaign undertaken by the author to rescue the New Haven elms from the ravages of the elm- leaf beetle. See "The Rise and Fall of the 'City of Elms'," pages 72-123 inclusive. Henry T. Blake, of the Park Board, calls from the housetop to the writer, mounted on a stepladder.
688
STUNG.
HA! HA! THIS IS TOO FUNNY CAN'T LOOK
$ 10,000. ISN'T THAT JUST SPLENDID
OF FINANCE
FOLEY
BOARD
210,000 00
TREEMAN
Cartoon by Howard Freeman, published in the New Haven Union of April 4, 1909. In the background, the writer is seen in conversation with Mr. Blake, whose attention is being called to Mr. Foley, chief of the Bureau of Public Works. The campaign failed to save the elms, but it resulted in a Bureau of Trees, headed by George Alexander Cromie as city forester, who proved worthy of his training in the Yale School of Forestry.
689
AMOS DOOLITTLE (1754-1832)
690
A NOTE ON AMOS DOOLITTLE (1754-1832) An Early American Engraver
He engraved maps, plans, portraits, charts, book-illustrations. Masonic broadsides, and book-plates, and also made some silver- ware. He was born in Cheshire and died in New Haven. His shop stood on College Street on a site now occupied by one of the college buildings-Farnam Hall, I think. This portrait of Doo- little by an unknown artist was presented, I am told, to the New Haven Colony Historical Society by John Warner Barber. Years ago, I gave an enlargement of the portrait to old Hiram Lodge. No. I, for Doolittle was a devoted Mason and member of the lodge. I had intended to write a comprehensive account of the life and labors of Doolittle for this book, but my notes are not in shape for publication and I must now forego the pleasure of that tribute to my Brother Mason.
691
692
Drawn by Farl & engraved by 1. Bechtle in his
Re Engraved by I Delete and A.M. Barber in 18:32
BATTLE OF LEXINGTON,
1. Major Pitauten at the head of the Regular Granadices. - 2. The Party the first fired on the Provinciale at Lexington. 3.l'art of the Provincial Company of Lexington. - 1. Regular Companies on the road to Concord 3. The Meeting house. at Lexington. 6. The Public lin.
This plate, made for Barber's "Antiquities of New Haven," is a reproduction of one of Amos Doolittle's four Lexington-Concord plates. The late William F. Hopson once told me that Barber did almost all of the work on this plate. In 1832, when the plate was made, Doolittle was seventy-eight years old.
0018
ROME
3
SPAIN
PORTUGAL
EXPLANATION. 1 The Beproud spurte winny Bornparte with the Crown of Hasis_ I Bemparte control in the progress by the Business Bar . The British Lion aducking him in the rear, having utready wrath front his power the Crowns of Spain & Portugal. The Confederates Eagles of Ausba & Proces plucking the brothers if the British Confederation .5 The Game of Europe breaking des sure of Bonaparte and loudly producing Looks the ITE
DOOLITTLE'S BONAPARTE CARTOON
[From the Author's Collection]
The cartoon, "Bonaparte in Trouble," reproduced herewith, exhibits ingenuity, if not subtlety. The key to this plate reads :
"Explanation. I The infernal spirit enticing Bonaparte with the Crown of Russia-2 Bonaparte arrested in his progress by the Russian Bear - 3 The British Lion attacking him in the rear, having already wrested from his power the Crowns of Spain & Portugal -4 The Confederated Eagles of Austria & Prussia plucking the feathers of the Rhinish Confederation - 5 The Genius of Europe breaking the sceptre of Bonaparte and loudly proclaiming Louis the XVIII"
693
NUSSTIMES
LINONIA
Sep. 12th 1753
Quissat in perfecto,
perafitag
+ ++
LINONIAN LIBRARY YALE COLLEGE
DOOLITTLE'S LINONIA BOOK-PLATE
694
DOOLITTLE'S LINONIA BOOK-PLATE [Courtesy of Yale University]
In the Minutes of the Yale secret fraternity known as Linonia the following Minute occurs :
"September 12th 1780
At a special Convention of the respectable Fellowship Club, at Atwaters Room, Stebbins was chosen Chancellor; after which Richard Storrs was admitted as a member of this important Society ; they then directed the Committee, to procure a Copper Plate engraved, and a suitable number of inscriptions with the Name of the Meeting, plated, to be put into the Books which belong to the Library: after which they retired
Test Williams 2ª Scribe"
Although a book-plate was thus ordered in 1780, this plate by Doolittle is dated 1802.
The design combines allegory and heraldry, and has "a suitable number of inscriptions." all as ordered and all of them, of course. in Latin. A tall female in classical garb, wearing a helmet, points a hopeful youth to a "Hall of Fame." located at the top of a tortuous path and surmounted by a figure of Fame with an uplifted trumpet. But the feature of the design that has the most novel and academic implication is a well-filled bookcase installed in a heart surmounting the body of the plate. What the pelican vulning itself, the phoenix, the dove, the dog, all signify, the author cannot imagine. It will be noted that Father Time, with his scythe, is not forgotten. The plate is much sought for by collectors of Ex Libris. The plate may be thought to convey a "sense of the past" better than the Linonia Minutes.
695
ITHIEL TOWN (1784-1844) : ARCHITECT
[Courtesy of National Academy of Design]
696
ITHIEL TOWN (1784-1844) : ARCHITECT
Ithiel Town, born at Thompson, Connecticut. 1784; died at New Haven, Connecticut, 1844. Architect, engineer, patron of the arts. collector of prints, publicist, bibliophile. One of the founders in 1826 of the National Academy of Design. Photograph from the original painting (circa 1830-40) by Nathaniel Jocelyn, presented to the National Academy of Design by the author. The canvas, measuring 29 x 36 inches, was bought from a member of the family by the writer in 1923; repaired and relined by the late Mr. H. A. Hammond-Smith, of New York City.
The books on which the subject rests a hand of course suggest Mr. Town's library-one of the finest in the entire country at the time of Mr. Town's death; I mean, of course, books relating to the Arts.
Many years ago the author wrote a Life of Town but never printed it. Since then much material about Town has come to light, and the author hopes someone will undertake a Life of this gifted early American architect and engineer. This new material is now in the possession of the New Haven Colony Historical Society.
697
-
-
CENTER CHURCH, NEW HAVEN
698
CENTER CHURCH, NEW HAVEN
Center Church, built 1812-14, before its restoration in 1912. Its spire was built within the tower on the level and raised to position as a unit by "windlass and tackle" devised by Mr. Town. (See "Researches of An Antiquary" by the author.) One of the most admired designs of its period.
After the removal of the paint from the brickwork, the author was permitted to erect in the vestibule of the church a tablet with the following inscription composed by him. The tablet is of slate and the lettering was cut by hand by Mr. Herman J. Meister.
IN MEMORY OF ITHIEL TOWN
THE DESIGNER AND BVILDER OF THIS HOVSE An. Do. 1812-1814 & OTHER NOTABLE BUILDINGS ERECTED IN NEW HAVEN & ELSE- WHERE DVRING THE FOREPART OF THE LAST CENTURY BORN AT THOMP- SON CONNECTICUT IN 1784 HE LIVED IN NEW HAVEN FROM 1810 VNTIL HIS DEATH IN 1844 ONE OF THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF DESIGN.
SI MONV-
MENTVM QVÆRIS CIRCVMSPICE
An admirer of his art placed this tablet here Anno Domini 1912 the year of the rest - oration of this building to its original exterior appearance
The author was also the means of securing a large contemporary portrait of Town, by F. R. Spencer, N.A. (1806-1875), which may be seen today in the vestibule of the church.
The tablet in question, including the lettering, was designed by the lamented Henry Charles Dean, of Boston, an early victim of World War I, recommended to the author by his friend, Mr. Ralph Adams Cram, well known architect. Dean also designed for the author the Hale tablet in Battell Chapel and the Hoadley tablet in the North Church.
699
CENTER CHURCH AS RESTORED
The brickwork of the building was first painted over in 1845, solely as a matter of prevailing fashion and taste, and not at all for its preservation, as alleged by that faction of the Church Society who determinedly opposed the removal of the paint on the ground that the brickwork had sadly deteriorated by the time it was painted and needed the paint for its preservation. When the paint was removed, the brickwork itself flouted the writer's bitter detractors by proving that when first painted, it was then, as it still is, of well-nigh perfect texture. (See note on page 191.) "Truth crushed to earth shall rise again."
Several table-tombs and a good many headstones are carefully preserved in the crypt (open daily to the public) under the edifice-said to be the only true crypt in the United States. 'The "rude forefathers" still sleep under the Green, but their head- stones were removed in 1821 and ranged against the wall of the Grove Street Burying-Ground.
700
%
(
SCALE DRAWING OF THE FAÇADE OF CENTER CHURCH BY THE LATE LEONI W. ROBINSON, SOMETIME SUPERVISING ARCHITECT OF THE FABRIC
701
FARMINGTON MEETING-HOUSE
The incomparable spire of the Farmington Meeting-House (1771-72) was built as a unit and raised to its position on the top of the tower, but by just what means is not known. The late Professor A. D. T. Hamlin, of Columbia University, pronounced this spire to be the finest rural spire in New England. Captain Judah Woodruff (1720-1799) was the architect and builder of this supreme example of a New England meeting-house.
The Farmington Meeting-House still retains the old arrange- ment of pulpit midway the length of the building, with the main entrance opposite to it. This arrangement of main entrance and pulpit on an axis at a right angle to the major axis of the meeting- house was all but universal in our early New England practice and continued down well toward the opening of the 19th century- a practice adopted, as I make no doubt, to emphasize in a striking way the protest of our forbears against Rome and Roman ritual. under which an altar, used for the celebration of the mass, rose at one end of the major axis of a church entered from its opposite end. The Roman arrangement favored dramatic effects and pro- vided for processionals, both of which were viewed with abhor- rence by our stiff-necked forbears, who enjoyed nothing more than the "dissidence of dissent."
702
TOEED
CENTEN CHURCH **** GREEN
DEALE
LEFT : DETAIL OF THE SPIRE OF THE FARMINGTON MEETING-HOUSE (1771-72)
RIGHT: DETAIL OF THE FINIAL AND VANE OF CENTER CHURCH, NEW HAVEN (1812-14)
703
704
"THE GREEN" WITH THREE DESIGNS OF TOWN
An eastern view of the Green from "American Scenery," by N. P. Willis and W. H. Bartlett, London, 1839. The three buildings shown: the State House, Center Church, and Trinity Church, were all built by Ithiel Town ( 1784-1844). After examining this cut, no one will deny that Trinity has lost the charm it had as originally designed by Town.
TOWN'S RESIDENCE AND LIBRARY
(See Section XVI, pages 236-238)
Town's library and residence on Hillhouse Avenue, designed by A. J. Davis (1803-1892) and built in 1832. It was especially designed to receive Mr. Town's extensive library and collection of engravings and is believed to be one of the first buildings of fireproof construction erected in this country. The extent and value of Town's collections may be judged by the fact that five catalogues were required for listing them when they were sold at auction in New York and Boston after Town's death. The New York Public Library has a set of the catalogues. The funds with which the collections were made were probably derived in large part from bridges built throughout the country under Town's patents. The illustration is from a colored lithograph owned by the writer.
705
HAVEN
NEW
1858
BLOSSOM
AS THE
NEW HAVEN MEDAL, 1838, DESIGNED BY TOWN
Obverse of the medal struck in 1838 to commemorate the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the founding of New Haven. The design is by Ithiel Town-another mark of his genius. The reverse of the medal was designed by Hezekiah Augur, who is ranked as one of our earliest sculptors by Lorado Taft in his "The History of American Sculpture," 1903 (page 24). Town's design furnished the leading motive for New Haven's Tercen- tenary Medal-in the author's opinion by no means as fine as the medal of 1838.
706
THE NORTH OR UNITED CHURCH (1813-15) (See Section XVII, pages 239-243)
The masterpiece of David Hoadley (1774-1839). The superb Flemish bond brickwork of the fabric has received many coats of paint since 1850, when it was first painted. In a partial interior and exterior renovation of the building in 1903, the writer, though not a member of the Committee in charge, succeeded in having the woodwork of the façade, the tower and the cornice painted white, over divers shades of brown, but determined opposition in high places prevented the removal of the paint from the brickwork.
One day, when the writer was walking through the Green with former President Taft, he turned to me and said, "George, it seems that Connecticut must lose its first citizen [Judge Baldwin] before the United Church loses the paint on its brickwork." When President Emeritus Timothy Dwight was near the close of his life, he dryly remarked to me one Sunday, "Mr. Seymour [he pronounced the name Semer and so correctly], it seems to me that it would be a good plan to remove the paint from the brickwork of the United Church and place it upon the brickwork of that new chapel"-which, apparently, he did not like. (Since the above was written, the paint has been removed from the brickwork of the church. )
707
5
-
TOWER OF THE NORTH CHURCH
708
TOWER OF THE NORTH CHURCH
(See Section XVII, pages 239-243)
Tower of the North Church on the Green (1813-15) ; the church designed and built by David Hoadley (1774-1839), the "self- taught" architect.
Both the late Professor A. D. T. Hamlin, of Columbia Uni- versity, and the late Cass Gilbert, pronounced this church a master- piece of design and more distinctively original than most of our early American designs. Professor Hamlin could point to no European prototype of it.
(Photographed by Peter Joseph Meyer, from the roof of the Ives Memorial Public Library designed by the late Cass Gilbert.)
709
r
PORTICO OF THE BRISTOL HOUSE
(See Section XVII, pages 239-243)
When the Bristol House ( David Hoadley, architect ) was demol- ished in 1907 to provide a site for the Ives Memorial Public Library, the late Cass Gilbert (1859-1934) bought the portico-a masterpiece of design and carpentry-from the wreckers for a "song" (no one here seemed to value it) and had it transported to his summer home, the historic "Cannon-Ball House" in Ridge- field. There it was seen by the late Robert W. deForest (1848- 1931, Yale 1870), who begged it as an exhibit for the Metropolitan Museum, of which he was president. It was forthwith "trucked" to Hartford and repaired under the direction of Morris Schwartz, and then sent on to New York, where it was installed in the Metro- politan Museum and made the subject of an article in the Museum's official bulletin.
710
-
E
PORTICO OF THE DE FOREST HOUSE (See Section XVII, pages 239-243)
Portico of the De Forest House, taken from one of the upper front windows looking toward the North Church, to show the beautiful, slender, fluted columns, with their delicate Corinthian capitals. When the house was torn down in 1910, these columns were secured by Mrs. Timothy Dwight and used in the construc- tion of a portico at the back of the former President Dwight's residence on Hillhouse Avenue. The iron balustrade shown in the picture was introduced when the mansion was remodeled for Mayor Sargent in 1878-79.
€
7II
THE DE FOREST HOUSE (See Section XVII, pages 239-243)
The De Forest House, built ( 1819-21) by David Hoadley, fol- lowed the design of the Hoppin house (by permission of the owner), built in Providence, Rhode Island, about 1816 by John Holden Green. The cut represents the house as it appeared before being remodeled (1878-79) for Mayor Joseph B. Sargent. The house was demolished 1910 to provide a site for the new New Haven County Court House. Allen and Williams, architects.
712
The gateway and the garden fence of the De Forest House, David Hoadley, architect. The beautiful gateway was probably surmounted originally by a finial in the form of an acorn or a pineapple. Unfortunately, the gateway was not preserved and so far as the author is aware no drawing of it remains.
713
DAVID CURTIS DE FOREST [Courtesy of Yale School of the Fine Arts] (See Section XVII, pages 239-243)
David Curtis ("Don David Cortez") De Forest, as painted in riding dress, in 1823, by S. F. B. Morse-one of Morse's master- pieces, now in the gallery of the Yale School of the Fine Arts. See "Letters and Journals of Samuel F. B. Morse," Vol. I, page 243.
714
JULIA (WOOSTER) DE FOREST
[Courtesy of Yale School of the Fine Arts] (See Section XVII, pages 239-243)
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