USA > Connecticut > New London County > Old Lyme > The educational history of Old Lyme, Connecticut, 1635-1935 > Part 22
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182I Tax of $2 on $1,000 for schools ceased. No town school tax to 1854.
1822 Essex Turnpike to Ely Ferry.
1823 Connecticut River Steamboat Co. incorporated.
1824 Salem-Hamburg Turnpike to Ely Ferry.
1825 Stagecoaches in general use.
1826 1826
First educational journal: American Journal of Education. School Fund gave 85c to each child 4-16.
1827
Society in Hartford for improvement of public schools.
1830 Population of Lyme 4,084.
1830 Teachers' meeting in Hartford. Complaint on decline of schools. School Fund created apathy.
1833
Hartford and New Haven R.R. incorporated.
1834
Hadlyme, Chester, Killingworth Turnpike.
1836
Town Deposit Fund divided as to population of 1830.
1837
School Visitors and Society committees required to report.
1838 Act for the better supervision of the common schools.
Barnard's Survey. 14 Questions. Registers in common use.
1838 1838 1839
Board of Commissioners of Common Schools.
First Teachers Institute.
1839
First railroad in Connecticut: Boston, Norwich & N.L.
1841 Connecticut Common School Journal started.
1841 School Societies to divide money according to number in dis- trict.
1844 Governor appoints committee to examine schools.
1844 Telegraph installed.
1848 Railroad connection between Boston and New York.
1849 State Normal Founded. Barnard head and superintendent of school.
1849 School Fund gave $1.50 per child aged 4-16.
1849 Teachers Institute required by law. Plea for high school.
1851 Connecticut Common School Journal resumed.
1854 50c from town, $1.25 from School Fund, 25c from De- posit Fund.
1854 Law: Ic on $I of grand list for schools.
1855 Whole of income from Western Reserve for schools.
1856 School Societies abolished. Schools supervised by Board of School Visitors.
1858 School districts to set rate of tuition not over $2 a term.
250 Educational History of Old Lyme.
Local Events
1859 South line of District 3 changed.
1860 Population of Old Lyme 1,251; voters 287.
1860 Committee voted to meet with School Visitors to discuss
school of higher grade. 8 districts.
1864 Male salaries $26, female $14 per month. Pupils per teacher, 40-50. Proposal to dissolve districts.
1865 Teachers Institute held in Old Lyme.
1866 First plan to consolidate districts; tax, 16 mills.
1867 Old Lyme gave $2.57 per pupil. Low rate.
1868 Strong plea for consolidated schools.
1871 New books and maps. Public examinations of pupils.
1871 Judge M. R. Waite at Geneva Tribunal.
1872 Board of School Visitors to employ teachers and run schools. Higher school near Duck River in house of J. McCurdy.
1873
Vote on higher school: Yes, 60; No, 76. Lost.
1873 Vote free school for 9 months.
1874 Each school to set own date and continue 9 months.
1878 School Visitors to appoint all teachers.
1879 School district committee to employ all teachers for district.
1880-90 Period of peace and prosperity.
1881 District committees continue. Plea for longer tenure for teachers.
1882 First notes on Old Lyme in Board of Education Reports.
1885 From 1850 to 1890 no Normal graduates from Old Lyme.
1886 Many children attending only 60 required days.
Of 1,600 teachers at State meetings, none from Old Lyme. Of 400 teachers at Niantic Summer Session, none from Old Lyme.
1888 School Visitor reports need for discipline and regularity.
1888 1888 enumeration, 261; 1868 enumeration, 377.
1889 District meetings poorly attended.
1890
Plea for greater attendance at district meetings. School Visi- tor condemns apathy of parents; opposes new school.
1892 8 schoolhouses, value $1,600. Weekly salaries $5.00-$7.50. 1894 First teacher with Normal training.
1894 No kindergarten or high school. 5 Old Lyme students at Normal.
1896 First report of graded school at Center. 3 districts unite.
1897 State supervision started at $48 for the year.
1897 Monthly teachers' meetings instituted at Center.
251
A Work Chart.
State Events
Civil War: 1861-65.
1860
State allowed maximum rate bill of $6 per year for common schools.
- 1859
Law to dissolve districts with less than 12 students. School districts decrease from 1,859 to 1,618.
State Board of Education formed.
1865 1866
Connecticut richest state in Union.
1866
Towns could abolish districts for union district.
1867
Normal School closed for year.
1868
Tax to be increased to make schools free for children of 4-16.
1869
Employment certificates.
1870 Schools 30 weeks for 24 or more aged 4-16, 24 weeks for less.
1871 Appropriation of 50c for each person of school age.
1872 School year longest in country with one exception.
1873 Hartford made sole capital of State.
1874 Factory inspection recommended.
1875 Period of marked progress in State.
1875 Number of children increased 20 per cent, attendance 30 per cent.
1877 Telephone companies began to operate in Connecticut.
1878 Legislature advised that metric system be taught.
1879 State Agricultural College founded.
1880
County and State Board of Examiners created.
1884 State gave public examination for certification.
1885
Evening schools made legal.
1885
Law creating State examination for certification.
1886
Average teacher wages per month: Men, $69.16; Women, $37.64.
1886 Summer School for teachers: over 400 attended.
1887 General Assembly ordered use of textbook on physiology.
1889 Systematic investigation of education.
1890 State school tax abolished.
1890 One-seventh of Towns had consolidated schools.
1890 New Normal at Willimantic.
1890 Survey of New London County Schools showed 3/5 over 10 could not write.
1893 Law allowed women to vote on all educational matters.
1895 Term extended to 36 weeks.
1896-98 Law made women eligible as school officers.
1897 Enumeration grant established, $2.25 per capita.
252
Educational History of Old Lyme.
Local Events
1898 Schools: Center, South Lyme, Mile Creek, Between Rivers, Laysville, Black Hall.
1899 Average cost at graded school $10 per pupil, outlying $40.
1900 6 schools in 1900; I sold at $25.
190I Black Hall School closed.
1902
Center School and 5 districts.
1905 Still 5 districts; high school grant appeared.
1907 Laysville closed.
1908 New meetinghouse built.
1909 First listing of School Board in Report.
1909 Four-room addition to Center School.
1910
Beginning of State supervision on wide scale.
19II 2 school buildings occupied; 2 unoccupied; I chapel
1912 Greater teacher-parent cooperation urged.
1914 Opposition to local high-school grades.
1914 Black Hall road and bridge voted.
1914 Percentage of attendance, 83 per cent. This reduced State grant.
1915 Community use of Center School encouraged.
1916 Sale of schoolhouses: $60.
1920 High-school course in vocational education instituted.
1921 Home Economics unit set up. Hot lunches. Dental clinic.
1922 Junior High School developed. Keeping older children.
1925 Health report by Dr. Devitt.
1926
After 1926 all teachers must be Normal graduates.
1927 School Survey in Old Lyme.
1930 Old Lyme Schools placed under supervision of Yale.
1931 Junior High School established on 6-3 plan.
253
A Work Chart.
State Events
1897 Secondary education grant.
1899 Compulsory age, 7-16 years.
1903 . Commission appointed to investigate industrial and technical education.
1903 State supervision of rural schools.
1903 39 towns in State had free textbooks.
1907 Towns allowed to establish trade schools.
1909 Every town required to take control of schools.
1910 First Trade School established.
1913 Every town of 20 teachers or less authorized to have model school.
1917 State Summer School established.
1917 State teachers' pensions established.
1919 Americanization work introduced by State.
1919 Special-aid grants provided.
1921 State provision for education of exceptional children.
1921 School term, 38 weeks.
World War: 1914-18.
INDEX
A CADEMIES, 113, 133, 150, 177, 194 Admitted inhabitants, 28, 80 Agriculture, 118, 148, 150, 185 Articles of Confederation, 100 Austin, Leonard, 42
B ARNARD, Henry, 132; state school program, 140-147; state superin- tendent of schools, 142, 175
Bridges, 64, 121; Duck River, 32, 33 ; Lieutenant River, 41, 83 Brockway, Woolston, 19, 48 Brooke, Robert, Lord, 4, 9 Burnham, Captain Josiah, 126, 127
O HADWICK family, commercial in- terests, 165
Champion family, 122; Henry, 18, 19, 24; lands and shipping, 164
Church, educational influence of, 34; early ministers, 44, 45; attendance, 45, 49; denominations, 46; cate- chism regulations, 49; congrega- tional procedure, 49; "Saybrook Platform," 50, 60 ; ecclesiastical con- trol of schools, 59; Separatists, 60; clergy, 70, 71; Parsons, Reverend Jonathan, 86; denominations, 87, 90; Great Awakening, 87; "Popish Recusants," 89; Johnson, Reverend Stephen, 90; Porter, Reverend Ed- ward, 105; Rockwell, Reverend La- throp, 105; Ministers' contract, 105 n; school law of 1795, 117; church service, 128; sale of pews, 128
Commission of agreement, first form of government in Connecticut (1636), 9, 10; expiration of, 13 Connecticut colony, 10; central gov- ernment planned, 13; towns of, 16; 1660, 29; permanent bounda- ries, 30; charter granted, 30
Connecticut Constitutional Convention of 1818, 125
Consolidation of schools, 184, 186, 193; first plans in Old Lyme, 178; "Union system," 181; gift for con- solidated school, 194; provision for transportation, 195; addition at Center School, 198; addition of kindergarten and first grade, 199
D EWOLFE, Edward, 19, 42
District schools, location and dis- tribution, 35, 91, 92; beginnings of system, 73; number of, 73, 142, 151, 196; Law of 1766, 94; effect of Revolution, 96, 97; effect of school societies, 116; report of Lyme district schools, 146, 175, 184, 189, 191, 199 Dutch, territorial claims in Connecti- cut, 3, 4, 7, 8, 16, 29
EARLY settlers, Massachusetts Bay (1635), 6; (1638), 12 Early traders in Connecticut, 5
Ecclesiastical societies, control of edu- cation, 62; division of, 71, 72; dual character of, 74; officers' duties, 75; school committee, 77; forfeit of control of education (1794), 106; last report on schools, II4
Educational laws, colonial (1644), 25; (1648), 26; Code on Schools (1650), 26, 51; (1672), 52; (1677), 52; (1678), 52; (1690), 56; "Country Money" (1700), 58; ecclesiastical control (1712), 59; law of 1750, 94; district school law (1766), 94; state law of 1795, 114; Board of Commissioners of Common Schools, 140; town tax for education, 145; school societies abolished (1856), 145; compilation of (1860), 176; curtailment of district schools, 177; Board of Edu- cation, 180; the free school law,
256 Educational History of Old Lyme.
181; school term, 182, 186; certi- fication, 184; school age, 186; cur- riculum requirement, 186; evening schools, 187; special education, 187; Arbor Day, 190; enumera- tion grant, 198; secondary educa- tion grant, 198; trade education, 200
Ely, William, 19, 37, 43, 44, 47 Environment in Lyme, 119, 125, 129, 149, 153 Expansion of the population, 6, 9, 16, 18, 33, 36, 42, 47, 62, 63
F ENWICK, George, patentee at Say- brook, 10, 13, 18; Treaty of Combination, 14, 15, 15 n
Ferries, 83, 84, 121; rates (1662), 39 First Ecclesiastical Society of Lyme, 1, 2, 114, 175
Franchise rights, 28, 65
Freemen, 28; meetinghouse commit- tee, 47, 80; names of freemen (1730), 81
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 14, 28
G ARDINER, Lion, 6, 12, 13
General court, first provision for education, 25; for original coun- ties, 31; for county courts, 3 1
Graded schools, drive for, in 1861, 177
Grammar schools, Code of 1650, 26, 51; county grammar schools, 31, 56; laws of 1672, 1677, and 1678, 52, 135
Griswold, Florence, 197
Griswold family, Mathew (pioneer), 15-19, 23, 24, 37, 38, 47, 52, 157; Governor Matthew, 102, 122, 157; Dr. Matthew, 157
H ALL, Samuel, 5
Hall family, 68, 123, 127, 130 High school, 182, 185; considered in Old Lyme (1860), 178; number in state (1861), 177; eight pupils from Old Lyme, 198; cost of, 200
I NDIANS, 3; number of (1635), 5; contact with settlers at Plymouth and Boston, 5; settlements near Saybrook, 11; attacks from (1646- 62), 15
Industry, subsidized grants, 42; full- ing mill, 68, 163; ironworks, 68; sawmill, 68; saddler, 83; black- smith, 83; cooper, 83; saltworks, 83, 118, 124; shipbuilding, 122; bass fishing, 129; national move- ments, 139
KI NDERGARTENS, 186
ANDING places, 41
Lands, "Re-Quarters in Saybrook and Division of the Land," 17; in town of Lyme, 19; deed of con- veyance, 22; "Division of the Land," 35, 36, 37; rights of mi- nors, 37; division completed, 39; divisions of original town, 72; permanent district divisions, 113; division of town of Lyme, 149
Lay family, John Lay (pioneer), 18, 19, 20; lands and houses, 163; in- dustry, 68, 163
Lee family, Thomas (pioneer), 19, 24, 158; Thomas Lee, Jr., 44, 47, 63, 80, 158-160; marriage cus- toms, 159; religious practices, 160 Leffingwell, Thomas, 16
Library, Phoebe Griffin Noyes, service to schools, 196
Lord family, Thomas, 19; Thomas and Richard, 40, 41 n, 42
"Loving Parting, The," agreement between Saybrook and Lyme, 2 1
Lyme, town of, proprietors of, 19; land division, 19; earliest deeds and
home lots, 19; incorporation and naming of, 18, 22, 156; size (1667), 22; valuation of land, 22; first meetinghouse, 22; permanent church (1666), 22; conditions of settlement, 24; education in colo- nial period, 25, 26, 27, 52; first
257
Index.
town meeting, 32; town officers, 32, 33; first auditor, 33; inspectors of rift timber, 44; first school, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55; first school committee, 57; end of control of schools, 59; accepts Articles of Confederation, 100; Tories in, 100; tax rate during Revolution, 102; increase in board of selectmen, 103; civil divisions, 124; War of 1812, 124; social customs, 127-130; occupa- tional survey, 132 n; town deposit fund, 135-138; division of the town, 149
Lyme High School Association, 200, 201; court decision, 2 12
M AILS, 107; post offices, 111, 119, I20
Marvin family, Reinold, 19, 24, 44, 162; Lieutenant Reinold, 162; Captain Reinold, 64, 74, 162; Judge William, dedication, iii, vii, 162
Mason, Captain John, 12, 13, 15
Mather family, Timothy, 65; Samuel and James, 112, 122; lands, 170; shipping, 170
McCurdy family, John, 171; Robert, 171; Judge Charles John, 171; Salisbury-McCurdy Fund, 17I, 172, 212
Measure, William, keeper of ordinary, 49; appointment as teacher, 54, 55 Meetinghouse, first built, 22, 38, 46; second, 47; second society (1725), 72; third society (1726), 72; first society, third (1736), 85; fourth built (1817), 126; fifth built (1908), 126
"Moving schools," 58, 59
N EW Haven colony, settlers at, 12; towns of, 16, 30 Norwich, town of, settlement, 16
Noyes, Reverend Moses, 19, 22, 24, 45, 50, 70 Noyes family, land, 166; houses, 166, 167; Judge William, 166, 167
O
LDHAM, John, 5, 1 I
Old Lyme, town of, 190, 211, 212; choice for study, 1, 2; bound- aries of, 2; early beginnings, 3; area of, 125; incorporation, 173, 175; population of, 174, 199; ap- propriation for schools, 179, 180, 193, 197, 201, 210; attendance, 180, 184, 185, 191; school equip- ment, 181, 214; hiring of teach- ers, 182; centennial celebration, 183; enumeration of children of school age, 184, 193; first printed report, 188; attendance at school, 189, 198; private schools, 194; new school, 195; curriculum, 198, 200, 212, 214; first high school grant, 198; school libraries, 199; trade education, 200; Smith- Hughes classes, 200; junior high school, 200, 202; school adminis- tration, 175, 176, 177, 182, 188, 189, 190, 192; first record of state supervisor, 198, 201, 202; school health program, 200; transporta- tion, 202; school statistics, 205- 210; Yale supervision, 211, 213; building plans, 213, 214, 215
P ARSONS family, Reverend Jona- than, 86-88, 92; Major Samuel Holden, 89
Pequot War, plans for defense, 10; attacks on English, 11; "Swamp Fight," 12
Population, 153, 154, 162, 168; ex- pansion, 33; generations, 53, 67, 72, 83; 1800, 118, 119; emigra- tion, 119; 1854, 148; characteris- tics of, 172, 174, 199, 205
Private schools, academies, 113, 133, 150, 177, 194
Proprietors of Lyme, 19; qualifica- tions of, 34, 66; number of, 38; advantages, 39, 40
RAILROADS, 131
Revolutionary War, effect on district schools, 96, 97; relief for Boston, 97, 98; money, 97, 98,
258 Educational History of Old Lyme.
IOI; men, 98, 99, 101; supplies, 97, 98, 100, 101; Lyme tax rate, 102; roads as a result of, 106
Roads, 32, 35, 39, 40, 63, 81, 84, 106; road survey, 64; turnpikes, 107, 108, 109, 110, 120; post- roads, 108
SAYBROOK, town of, consolidation with Connecticut colony, 15; population in 1654, 16; land divi- sion, 17; education in colonial period, 26, 27
Saybrook Fort, plans for, 3, 6; first settlers, 7, 9, 10; Pequot War, II, I2
Saybrook settlement, civil govern- ment, established, 13; principal planters, 13, 14
Saye and Sele, William, Lord, 4, 9, 29
School administration, laws, 1644, 25; 1648, 26; 1650, 26, 51; 1672, 52; 1677, 52; 1678, 53; county grammar schools, 52; first school committee in Lyme, 57; laws, 1700 and 1711, 58; ecclesiastical control of schools, 59; division of eccle- siastical societies, 72, 73; dual character of ecclesiastical society, 74; superintendent of schools re- quired by law of 1750, 94; district school law, 94; school societies created, 114; Board of Commis- sioners of Common Schools, 140; state school program, 140-147; state superintendent of schools, 142; school societies abolished, 145; Board of Education, 180; the free school law, 181; enumeration grant, 198
School age, 186
School attendance, 180, 183, 184, 189, 190, 193, 198, 199
School funds of 1733, 92, 93; per- manent school fund, 115; distribu- tion of dividend, 135; town de- posit fund, 135-138, 178, 179; Salisbury-McCurdy Fund, 171, 172, 212
Schoolhouses, Black Hall School, frontispiece; first two built in Lyme, 74; number of, 139, 199, 212; condition of, 189, 193; new school of Old Lyme, opposite 216 Schools in Lyme first society (1680- 1855), first record of (1680), 50, 51, 52; law of 1672, 52; ways and means (1680), 53, 74, 75; fuel for (1680), 54, 75, 77, 77 n; cur- riculum, 53, 54, 142, 143, 148; school dames, 55; location of, 55, 73; school committee, 57, 75, 77, 134; records, 74; books and equip- ment, 75, 143, 147; "Country Money," 58, 76, 91; law of 1750, 94; ecclesiastical societies lose con- trol of, 105; congregational domi- nation, 133; general conditions in 1826, 136; Henry Barnard sur- vey, 140, 141; normal school, 142; educational standards, 144
School societies, area of, 115; mem- bership, 115; powers, 115, 134, I35; abolishment of, 145
School supervision, 134, 135, 145, 146, 148, 180, 188, 192; family influence, 25; state laws, 25; church supervision of, 50, 52; re- sponsibility of selectmen, 51; town supervision, 59, 114, 115; state supervision, 198, 202, 211, 212
School support (local), 54, 57, 58, 59, 93, 135; town deposit fund, 137, 138, 178; state tax, 145, 182; town appropriation, 193 ; gifts, 195 School support (state), 58, 182, 183, 185, 187, 198, 200
School surveys, Henry Barnard, 140- 141; state survey, 180; New Lon- don County survey, 188; town survey, 202-204
School term, regulations of, 52, 54, 55, 57, 73, 78, 79, 94, 142, 182, 186; summer session, 189, 190 School visitors in Old Lyme, 177, 189; report of, 190, 192, 213 Sill family, Captain John, 33, 47; Captain Thomas, 112; lands, 168, 169; shipping, 169, 170
259
Index.
Singing school, 106 Slavery in Connecticut, 104 Steamboats, 131 Stone, Captain, 1 I
T EACHERS, salaries, 25, 26, 55, 57, 177, 180, 189, 194, 198, 199; position of, 51; school dames, 55, 73, 75; hiring of, 72, 182; certi- fication, 134, 184 ; preparation, 177, 193
Town Meeting, civil responsibilities, 63, 132; provisions for, 103; first in Lyme, 32; activities in, 34, 35; 1680, 53; to select students, 55
Towns, powers and duties of, 29; characteristics of, 31; boundaries of, 31
Trade, 43, 60, 82, 103, III, 112, 121, 130 Travel, 63, 107, 109, 130, 185, 197
NCAS, 12, 16, 60; Christianized, U 87
W ADE, John, 42, 43 n
Warren, Moses, Jr., 106, 116; delegate to Constitutional Conven- tions, 125
Warwick, Robert Rich, 2d Earl of, President of Council for New Eng- land, 4 n; Patent of 1632, 4; deed from, 6
Warwick Patent, 4, 6 n
Winslow, Edward, 5
Winthrop, John, Jr., 6; commission, 7, 7 n; agreements with Hooker, 8, 10, 29, 30 Wolcott, Henry, 18
Y University, Department of Education, vii, 211-214
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