USA > Connecticut > Hartford County > The memorial history of Hartford County, Connecticut, 1633-1884, Vol. II > Part 50
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The limited space remaining under this head shall be devoted to a brief account of certain tragical events in which the savages were actors. Probably the first white person of Connecticut slain by the Indians, after those killed at Saybrook in February, 1636, was Mr. John Oldham, whom Dr. Bond (in his history of Watertown, Mass .. ) supposed, and, we think, correctly, to have been the first settler of Wethersfield. He was master of a " shallop," and whilst passing with it along the coast, he was set upon by fourteen Indians of the Narra- gansett tribe, but belonging to the Manisec, or Block Island branch thereof. He was murdered, and his body mutilated. His crew, con- sisting of two boys (white) and two Indians, were made prisoners. This happened July 20, 1636. How well Oldham's death was avenged by Gallup is known to most readers.
We are next to record a very serious calamity, which led to the col- ony's most effectual campaign against the Pequots. Sometime in April, 1637, a party of Pequots (Captain Underhill, in his "News from America," says there were two hundred of them) fell upon the planters in the Great Meadow, and put to death six men and three women.
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MEMORIAL HISTORY OF HARTFORD COUNTY.
Winthrop's statement is probably the most reliable version of the affair. He says, under date of May 12, 1637 : " We received a letter from him [Mr. Haynes] and others, being then at Saybrook, that the Pekods had been up the River at Weathersfield, and had killed six men, being at their work, and twenty cows and a mare; and had killed three women, and carried away two maids." Vincent says, the number of slain was nine, one of whom was a woman and one a child.
This deplorable deed was enacted near the west bank of the river, and opposite to the Island, or so near thereto that it was witnessed by Wattoone, and other Indians, from that point. Sowheag was then hostile to the Wethersfield people, and had withdrawn to Mattabesett or its vicinity ; and this led the inhabitants to suspect him of having incited the Pequots to their work ; but the proof is wanting that he had any part in the matter. In October, 1639, Lieutenant Robert Seeley, who had formerly lived at Wethersfield, but was now the " Marshal " at Quinnipiac, arrested Messutunk, alias Nepaupuck, a Pequot, as one of the murderers. Upon the testimony of Mewhebato, " a Quillipiack Indian, kinsman to Nepaupuck," and that of Wattoone, a " sonne of Carrahoode, a councellor to the Quillipiacke Sagamour," the prisoner, in a trial had at New Haven, was found guilty of the murder of Abraham Finch, one of those slain at Wethersfield. Wat- toone testified that he saw the murder done, from the Island, and that Nepaupuck captured one of the two girls taken. In accordance with the sentence of the Court, Nepaupuck's "head was cut of the next day and pittched upon a pole in the Markett place," at New Haven. Many years afterward, in January, 1671-2, Mow-ween, an Indian at Stoning- ton, accused Odoqueninomon of having killed one of "three mayds " that were captured. No arrest appears to have followed upon this information.1
Excepting Abraham Finch, the names of the slain can be conjec- tured only. Finch was possessed of a homestead on the east side of Broad Street, near the north end. He left an aged father and a family of children. Thomas Adams disappeared from Wethersfield about this time, and no trace is found of him afterward. The widow Joyce Ward died in 1640. Her former husband, Stephen Ward, may have been another of the victims. The two girls taken were daughters of Wil- liam Swayne, Gentleman. He lived on the northwest corner of High Street and Fort (now Prison) Street. The oldest of the girls was about sixteen years of age. They were transported by canoe to Pequot, now New London, where they were rescued by the master of a Dutch vessel. They had been kindly cared for by the squaw of Mononotto, the sachem next in rank to Sassacus. At Saybrook they were received from the Dutch by Lieutenant Lyon Gardner, then in command there, at a cost, to him, of ten pounds. Concerning their redemption he writes, June 12, 1660 : "I am yet to have thanks for my care and charge about them." It is not true, as some writers have supposed, that John Finch was one of the settlers killed. He lived to remove to Stamford with his brother Daniel.
In the subsequent expedition to the Pequot country Wethersfield
1 State archives, Crimes & Misdemeanors, vol. i. p. 53.
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WETHERSFIELD.
contributed both men and means. Her quota1 was twenty-six men. Among these the writer believes the following may be named. Lieu- tenant Robert Seeley, who lived on the southeast corner of Broad Street and Plain Lane, was second in the command. With him were probably George Chappel, the oldest of the two (not related) persons bearing that name ; John Clarke, William Comstock, William Cross, Ensign William Goodrich, Samuel Hale, Thomas Hale, Thomas Hurl- but (but perhaps he had not come up from Saybrook ), Jeremy Jagger, Sergeant John Nott, William Palmer, Robert (or Thomas ) Parke, John Plumb, Robert Rose, Samuel Sherman, Samuel Smith, Thomas Stan- dish, Thomas Tracy (afterward Lieutenant), and Jacob Waterhouse. Some of them, however, are known to have participated therein, and to have been rewarded with bounty lands as a consequence.
Our narrow limits forbid an account of the various defensive opera- tions in the town. They began with the construction of the "fort," sometime prior to 1640 : located, as the writer believes, near and east of the present site of the prison. In March, 1675, a " palisado " was constructed around the village plot ; there being, as was supposed. imminent danger of attack from the adherents of Philip. In March, 1676, a committee was chosen to "fortify" certain houses in the vil- lage. In November, 1675, John Hollister, at Nayaug, was authorized to secure the aid of Wongum Indians to construct a fort " at Wonggum, or Navag, as they shall agree." It is said that the fort was built on Red Hill. If so, it was not built until the following year.
In June, 1704, in consequence of the hostility of Indians in central and eastern Massachusetts, Wethersfield proceeded to fortify the houses, six in number, of the following named persons : Captain Robert Welles, the Rev. Stephen Mix, David Wright, Sergeant Jolin Latimer, Benjamin Crane's heirs, and Jonathan Deming. The details of the command of these several improvised " forts" are omitted here, for want of space.
In Governor Winthrop's history of New England from 1630 to 1649, commonly called Winthrop's Journal, the fact is recorded, under date of Sept. 4, 1633, that " John Oldham, and three with him, went overland to Connecticut, to trade. The sachem used them kindly, and gave them some beaver. They brought of the hemp, which grows there in great abundance, and is much better than the English. He ac- counted it to be about one hundred and sixty miles." This was about a month previous to the sailing of the Plymouth Company's bark, which carried Lieutenant Holmes and the frame of the trading-house, the first building set up in the township of Windsor.
It is probable that Mr. Oldham, then of Watertown, was the first white man to visit that part of Connecticut River below the Massachu- setts south line. And as he, in the following year, began to occupy land at Pyquang, it is reasonable to suppose that that point was reached by him in 1633. The "hemp" which he found (Apocynum cannabi- num) is common in the Connecticut valley to-day, under the name of Indian hemp; but the beaver is long since extinct in Connecticut.
Historians have generally agreed that the date of Wethersfield's
1 For the first expedition Wethersfield's quota was eighteen ; to the second (June 2), six ; and to the third, two. It is not improbable - but the contrary - that those, or some of those, who were in the first (with Mason) were in the second and third. - T.
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MEMORIAL HISTORY OF HARTFORD COUNTY.
first settlement was late in the summer, or early in the autumn, of 1634. The pioneers came, so far as appears, without special authority, organization, or guarantee of protection. They were members of Sir Richard Saltonstall's company at Watertown, Mass., where a church had been organized in July, 1630, and were under the spiritual guid- ance there of the Rev. George Phillips. Oldham had been in America since 1623, - first at Plymouth, then at Nantasket, and finally at Watertown. We should say that in addition to Oldham, the few per- sons known in the Wethersfield records as the " Adventurers " (that is, occupants of land not deriving their title from the town) were, either in person or by representation, the settlers of 1634. Among these were the following, all from Watertown : -
William Bassum, or Barsham, of whom no further trace is found after the transfer of his rights, as an adventurer, to Lieutenant Robert Seeley, who came to Wethersfield in 1635 or 1636.
John Clarke, who removed to Quinnipiac prior to October, 1638, after selling his homestead to John Robbins, " gentleman." Neither Bond nor Savage, appar- ently, had traced Clarke from Watertown to Wethersfield ; but neither of them had seen the record evidence on this point which the writer has seen. Clarke became distinguished in colonial affairs.
Abraham Finch (in the records he is sometimes called "Old Finch "), an aged man, with three sons, Abraham, Daniel, and John ; the former two having children.
Sergeant John Strickland, who sold his homestead to Governor George Wyllys, of Hartford, in March, 1640. Leaving a son, John, in Wethersfield, he is found four years later at Hempstead, Long Island, of which settlement he was one of the patentees. Both Bond and Savage were ignorant of the fact of Strickland's removal to Pyquang.
Robert Rose, who left Ipswich, England, in April, 1634, was one of the adven- turers of 1634, or of the year following. He brought with him his sons, John, Robert, and Daniel. He removed to Totoket (Branford) in 1644; but his sons Robert and Daniel remained in Wethersfield.
Andrew Ward was an adventurer, at Wethersfield, certainly in 1635, perhaps in 1634. He was admitted a freeman of Watertown in May, 1634; but there are indications that some were so admitted there after their removal to Con- necticut. He removed to Rippowams (Stamford) in 1640, and is the ancestor of many distinguished Americans.
William Swayne, " gentleman," held adventure-lands ; but the writer thinks he came to Wethersfield not earlier than 1636, and then took the lands of John Oldham, deceased. He removed to Branford in 1644.
Leonard Chester was an adventurer of 1635, probably ; though Dr. Bond intimates a belief that he left Watertown in 1634. He was an Esquire (some- times called armiger), and one of the youngest of the "gentlemen " of that day in New England. His son John was born Ang. 3, 1635; and if, as we believe to have been the case, he was a native of Wethersfield, he was the first white person born there.
With Nathaniel Foote the list of known adventurers closes. Al- though he had the largest share of adventure-lands, his coming to Connecticut was not the earliest; it having been, according to all indi- cations, in 1635. He was an elderly man, and among his posterity have been some of Connecticut's most distinguished sons. In 1635 there was a considerable accession to the new settlement. Those
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WETHERSFIELD.
whose names are given below also came from Watertown, a part arriv- ing in 1635, and others in the year following : -
Robert Abbott. Lewis Jones.
William Swayne, Gentle-
Caleb Benjamin. Jolın Livermore. man.
Robert Bates.
Edward Mason.
Edmond Sherman.
Roger Betts. Henry Palmer.
Rev. John Sherman.
Samuel Clark.
William Palmer.
Samuel Sherman (the two
Robert Coe.
Edward Pierce (?).
Rev. Richard Denton.
John Pierce (?). Thurston Raynor.
John Goodrich and Wil- John Reynolds.
John Thomson.
liam Goodrich, brothers. Robert Reynolds.
Jonas Weede.
George Hubbard. Lieutenant Robert Seeley. Thomas Whitmore.
Samuel Hubbard, son of George.
The following are the names of additional settlers, nearly all from places other than Watertown, some directly from England. Some came as early as 1635, but most of them between 1636 and 1640; none later than 1645: -
Thomas Adams. John Fletcher.
Richard Belden.
Jeffrey Ferris.
Francis Bell.
Samuel Gardner.
Rev. Peter Prudden. Roger Prichard, sometimes Prigiotte.
Jasper Rawlins, Rawlings, or Rollins. Sigesmond Richells.
Leslie Bradfield or Broad- field.
Isaac Graves.
John Graves.
John Robbins, Gentleman.
John Brundish.
Nathaniel Graves.
William Rogers.
Robert Burrows or Bur- roughs. John Cattel or Catlin.
Samuel Hale.
John Saddler.
John Carrington.
Walter Hoyt.
John Seaman.
Clement Chaplin, ruling elder.
Samuel Ireland.
Thomas Sherwood.
George Chappell.
George Chappell, 2d. Josiah Churchill.
Samuel and Philip Smith, sons of the Rev. Henry.
Thomas Coleman.
Joshua Jennings.
John Stoddard.
William Comstock.
Thomas Kilbourn.
Charles Taintor.
William Cross. John Curtis. Thomas Curtis. Jolın Deming.
John Latimer.
Richard Law.
Lieutenant Thomas Tracy.
Nathaniel Dickinson.
John Lilley. Andrew Longdon.
Captain Thomas Topping, Toppin, or Tappan. Richard Treat.
Jolın Miller. Richard Miles or Mills. Matthew Mitchell.
Lieut. Richard Treat, Jr. Thomas Ufford. Edward Vere.
John Dickinson, son of Nathaniel. Daniel Doty. John Edwards. Thomas Edwards, son of John. Abraham Elsen. John Elsen (brother of Abraham ?). John Evans or Evance, Gentleman.
Nicholas Morecock. Thomas Morehouse. John Northend. Francis Norton. Sergeant John Nott. Robert Parke. Thomas Parke.
Ward (not Andrew, which see above). John Ward, son of Andrew ? Jacob Waterhouse. John Westell, sometimes Wastoll.
James Bosey.
Gregory Gibbs.
Richard Gildersleve.
John Root.
Lieutenant John Hollister. Edward Scott.
Thomas Hurlbut.
Matthias Sension, St. John.
Jeremy Jagger, sometimes Rev. Henry Smith. Gager. John Jessup. Jordan. Thomas Standish.
James Cole, 2d.
Sergeant John Kilbourn, Captain Samuel Talcott. son of Thomas.
William Taylor. Captain John Tinker.
Samuel Boardman.
John Gibbs.
last being sons of El- mond). Samuel Smith.
Leonard Dix.
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MEMORIAL HISTORY OF HARTFORD COUNTY.
Richard Wescott.
George Wolcott (perhaps Jonas Wood, 2d.
Thomas Whitway. not till 1649). Thomas Wright.
Ensign Hugh Welles. Edmond Wood.
Francis Yates.
Thomas Wicks, or Weeks. Jonas Wood, son of Ed-
Matthew Williams. mond.
The foregoing lists, which are now prepared and published for the first time, are intended to include those only who were heads of families. Watertown, Boston, Salem, Plymouth, Ipswich, Roxbury, Charlestown, and other Massachusetts settlements furnished pioneers, and some came directly from England, whilst two or three came from the Saybrook garrison.
In 1638 and 1639 several Wethersfield people removed to Quinni- piac. Among these were Lieutenant Robert Seeley, John Evans, Gentlemen, Abraham Bell, John Clarke, John Gibbs, Richard Gilder- sleve, John Livermore, and Richard Miles or Mills. In 1639 We- powaug (later called Milford) was planted by a colony largely from Wethersfield, under the spiritual leadership of the Rev. Peter Prudden (of Wethersfield ?). The pioneers were John Fletcher, George Hubbard, Thomas Ufford, Richard Miles, the Rev. John Sherman, Captain Thomas Topping, and Robert Treat, later governor. They were soon joined by Roger Prichard, Francis Norton, John Elsen, and Jonathan Law, afterward governor. Hubbard, who was a prominent surveyor, afterward went to Guilford. A still greater depletion was suffered by Wethersfield in 1640, when the following-named persons constituted the great bulk of the plantation then started at Rippowams, afterward Stamford : the Rev. Richard Denton, Robert Bates, Francis Bell, Samuel Clark, Robert Coe, Richard Crabbe, Jeffrey Ferris, Daniel Finch, John Finch, Richard Gildersleve, Jeremy Jagger, John Jessup, Richard Law, John Miller, Matthew Mitchell, Thomas Morehouse, John North- end, Thurston Raynor, John Reynolds, John Seaman, Samuel Sherman, Vincent Simkins (?), Henry Smith (son of Samuel), Andrew Ward, Jonas Weed, John Whitmore, Thomas Wicks or Weeks, Edward (or Edmond) Wood, Jeremy Wood, Jonas Wood, Jonas Wood, Jr., Jonas Wood, 3d, and Francis Yates. Some of the above afterward went to Guilford and Stratford, others to Long Island. To Cupheag (Strat- ford), in 1639-40, went Robert Coe, Jr., John Curtis, Thomas Sher- wood, and John Thomson.
In 1644 and 1645 the Totoket plantation (named Branford soon after) was formed, mainly by "Mr. Swayne & some others of Weathersfield," who had purchased the land from the Indians. The settlers chose the Rev. John Sherman for their spiritual leader, he joining them from Milford. The Wethersfield colonists were : Robert Abbott, Roger Betts, Leslie Bradfield, Robert Foote, John Norton, William Palmer, John Plumb, Samuel Plumb, Sigismond Richells, Robert Rose, Charles Taintor, John Ward, Thomas Whitway, and perhaps some others. But there was also an influx of settlers during the period from 1645 to 1660. The following list, prepared at con- siderable pains, is believed to contain the names of nearly all these : --
Sergeant Richard Beckley. Samuel Belden. John Blackleach (perhaps
William Belden.
Banfield or Benfield. not till 1662). Samuel Boardman.
John Belden. John Betts.
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WETHERSFIELD.
Robert Boltwood.
Thomas Hale.
Jarvis Mudge.
James Boswell.
Richard Hall.
- Mygatt.
John Bracey or Brace.
Samuel Hall.
John Riley.
Emanuel Buck.
John Root.
Enoch Buck.
John Russell.
Henry Buck.
John Harrison.
Rev. John Russell, Jr.
Thomas Bunce.
Benjamin Hilliard.
Joseph Smith.
Richard Butler.
Job Hilliard.
Richard Smith, the weaver.
William Butler.
Luke Hitchcock.
Richard Smith, Sr.
Samuel Cole.
Henry Howard or Hay- ward.
William Smith.
John Coultman.
Walter Hoyt.
Nathaniel Stanford.
Benjamin Crane.
Lewis Jones's Widow (?).
Matthias Treat. Robert Treat.
Leonard Dix.
John Kirby.
John Wadhams.
Robert Francis.
Thomas Kirkham.
James Wakeley or Walkley.
Richard Francis.
Thomas Lord, schoolmas- ter.
Governor Thomas Welles.
George Gear or Gere.
Thomas Welles, 2d.
Philip Goffe.
Samuel Martin.
Thomas Williams, Sr.
Michael Griswold.
Richard Montague.
Rev. Jonathan Willoughby.
William Gull.
Samuel Hale.
John Morey or Morrey. William Morris.
Anthony Wright.
Balthazar De Wolf.
Sarah Jordan.
Richard Smith, Jr.
William Colfax.
Thomas Hanchett or Han- sett.
In April, 1659, a settlement was begun at Norwottuck, afterward Hadley, Mass. To this enterprise Wethersfield contributed about one third of the pioneer settlers; and her pastor, the Rev. John Russell, became Hadley's first minister. Those who went from Wethersfield were : John Russell, Sr., the Rev. John Russell, Jr., Nathaniel Dick- inson (for twenty years recorder for Wethersfield), Samuel Smith (son of Rev. Henry, deceased), Thomas and John Coleman (sons of Thomas), John and Thomas Dickinson (sons of Nathaniel), Thomas Welles (son of Hugh ?), Samuel Gardner, James Northam, John Hubbard, Robert Boltwood, William Gull, Philip Smith (son of Samuel Smith, Sr.). These were followed in. 1661, by Nathaniel Dickinson, Jr., Isaac Graves, John Graves, Thomas Graves, Samuel Belden, and Samuel Dickinson. Within a few years thereafter Daniel Belden Nathaniel Foote, Samuel Foote, Samuel Belden, Edward Benton, John Coleman, William Ellis, Stephen Taylor, Philip Russell, and John Welles were added to the number; mostly occupying that section which received the name of Hatfield. In the twenty years next follow- ing 1660 many new comers were added to the list of settlers. After 1660 there was no organized exodus of Wethersfield's inhabitants ; but other settlements in the colony received immigrants therefrom in small numbers.
Wethersfield's existence as a parish dates from the spring of 1636, if we may trust the meagre indications which have come down to the present day. Unlike Hartford and Windsor, its original settlers came without any church organization. They were Puritans, or Non-conformists, and not Pilgrims, otherwise called Separates, or Brownists. They, or most of them, were members of Mr. Phillips's church, at Watertown. The General Court of Connecticut, at its first session, April 26, 1636, " ratified and confirmed " a dismissal of certain members of the Watertown church which had been granted
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MEMORIAL HISTORY OF HARTFORD COUNTY.
on the 29th of March, 1635. The persons dismissed were: Andrew Ward, John Sherman, John Strickland, Robert Coc, Robert Reynolds, and Jonas Weede. They were authorized "to form anew in a Church Covenant" in Connecticut; and they promised to "renew the Covenant," - so the record of the General Court says, -and Mr. Ward was one of the five members then constituting that Court. With the possible ex- ception of Robert Reynolds, the persons named were then in Weth- ersfield, and were the nucleus of the new ecclesiastical society. Mr. Sherman was a clergyman, but he was not " settled " at Wethersfield ; and in 1640 he joined the Wepowaug (or Milford) colonists, removing thence to New Haven, and in 1645 to Branford, where a little colony, mainly of Wethersfield men, was being formed. This gentleman, born in 1613, at Dedham, England, was the ancestor of the distinguished General Sherman and Senator Sherman of to-day. The Rev. Richard Denton, who had come from Halifax, England, in 1638, although a householder at Wethersfield, was not installed. In 1640 he removed to Rippowams with a majority of the church, and there laid the foun- dations of Stamford. Mather says of him, that he was a " little man " with "a great soul," and " blind of one eye." The Rev. Peter Prud- den, who is said to have been at Quinnipiac in 1638, came to Wethers- field the same year ; but he joined the Milford colony in 1639.
The suggestion may be unkind, but it is possible that the presence of so many clergymen at Wethersfield, in those days of theological controversies, was in itself an element of discord. At all events, it was not till 1641 that Wethersfield had its first settled minister, the Rev. Henry Smith, who had arrived with his family from Charlestown, Mass., probably in 1639.
Until 1693 the bounds of the parish were coextensive with those of the township ; and after the setting off of Glastonbury, in that year, the parish lines still remained coincident with those of the re-formed township, until the organization of the West Farms people into a sepa- rate parish, - that of Newington, -in December, 1712. The east or old section was thereafter known as the First Society, and the Newing- ton, as the Second.
The Great Swamp parish, of Farmington, was enlarged in 1715, and made to include that section of Wethersfield known as Beckley Quarter, - said parish taking the name of Kensington in 1722. By way of compensation, Stanley Quarter, in Farmington, was annexed to Newington parish. These changes did not affect the lines of the First Society.
In March, 1722, a parish was organized at Rocky Hill and named Stepney, though it had been proposed to call it Lexington. We cannot attempt here to give by courses and distances the lines from time to time of this parish or the other parishes ; but it will suffice to say that the present township of Rocky Hill embraces all the original parish of Stepney, and considerable more. Glastonbury and Stepney have each in turn been divided parochially. The result of the readjustments of parish (now called school society) lines is, that at present the lines of the First School Society are identical with those of the town.
Returning to Mr. Smith, the first minister settled, it may be said that his pastorate was not a happy one. He had to encounter Clement
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WETHERSFIELD.
Chaplin, the wealthy and factious ruling elder. Mr. Smith died in 1648, and his widow married the father of him who was to succeed in the ministry. Governor John Cotton Smith was a descendant of Mr. Smith and also of Rev. Richard Mather.
The next installation was that of the Rev. John Russell, Jr., in 1650. Born in England in 1626, graduated at Harvard in 1645, he probably came to Wethersfield in 1648, where, in the following year, he married a daughter of the Worshipful John Talcott, of Hartford. It was dur- ing his term, in 1659, that the church troubles arose which culminated in emigration to Hadley (then Norwottuck), where he died in 1670, a large part of his former Wethersfield congregation being members of his flock. His home in Hadley was for some years the refuge of the regicides Goffe and Whalley.
The Rev. John Cotton, son of the Boston divine of the same name, was the next incumbent of the pulpit. He preached from February, 1660, until about June, 1663, -- his next work being among the Indians at Martha's Vineyard, where he preached in their language. He died at Charleston, South Carolina, in 1699, where he was then settled. The Rev. Joseph Haynes, son of Governor John Haynes, occupied the pulpit from June, 1663, for about one year, when he became the third pastor of the First Church in Hartford. He died there in 1679.
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