USA > Georgia > Greene County > History of Greene County, Georgia, 1786-1886 > Part 32
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Alexander Gresham died in Greene, on February 23, 1823, aged 70. He was an officer in the Revolution. At the outbreak of the war of 1812, though somewhat feeble, he was one of the first of the Silver Grays' to volunteer. The following incident is preserved: "On the day of his death he was uncom- monly cheerful. While sitting at dinner, application was made to him for assistance by a distressed traveler, whose wagon was stalled near the house. The servants all being out of the
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HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY
way but one, he went himself to the scene of the accident; and after helping the stranger to get his conveyance up one hill he was preparing to ascend another, when he overtaxed his strength. With his hand upon the wheel, he was making an ef- fort to start the wagon, and while in this attitude he must have ruptured a bloodvessel, for he dropped to his knees and expired in about one minute. Major Davis Gresham was also a patriot of '76."
Oliver Porter, a soldier of the Revolution, settled in Greene at the close of hostilities. He was present at the sur- render of Cornwallis. His son, Oliver S. Porter, Sr,. became a soldier of war of 1812. His grandson, Oliver S. Porter, Jr., was the founder of Porterdale, near Covington, Ga., at which place he built a number of cotton mille. (The Porters of Macon are descendants )
"William Jackson, a soldier of the Revolution, lived and died in Greene. He was a native of England. Another hero of independence was John McGough, a veteran of Brandy- wine and Saratoga. Twice wounded, once with a sabre and once with a musket, he reached the age of 86 years. Mr. McGough was a native of the north of Ireland. His home was at White Plains.
Michael Ely, who for years kept a public tavern in Greene, was a soldier of the Revolution. His son, John W. Ely, fought in the war of 1812.
Arthur Foster and John Wilson were also patriots of the Continental army.
Another veteran of the first war with England was Thomas Wright. His son, married Mary, a daughter of the famous John Stark, who distinguished himself in the struggle for independence, but unfortunately, as the result of a quarrel, killed a man and disappeared. What became of him no one ever knew.
Mrs. Catherine Freeman, the widow of Colonel John Freeman, of the Revolution, was living in Penfield, in 1854. at the age of 86."
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HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY
"Adam Livingston, a native of the north of Ireland, grand- father of L. F. Livingston, came to America in 1760. He bore arms in the struggle for independence, after which he removed first to Virginia and then to Georgia, settling in Greene County where his first wife was killed by the Indians while getting water at the spring. In 1805 the old veteran started to Kentucky, but died at Cumberland Gap while in route. Thereupon the family returned to Greene, where a plantation was purchased and a permanent home established.
John Adams, a patriot of 76, settled in Greene, at the close of the Revolution, coming from Tar River, N. C. His sons, Robert and John, reared large families in this section. John Walker, a soldier under Washington, migrated from Virginia to Georgia early in 1800 and settled in Greene. His descendants are numerous, including the Walkers of Hancock. Putnam, and Walton."
REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS, OF GREENE COUNTY WHO
DREW LAND IN THE LAND LOTTERY OF 1827
Akins, James, Sr. Anderson, Wm., Sr.
Holland, Thomas Hunt, George
Astin, Robert
Jackson, Jeremiah
Ballard, James
Jackson, Moses
Barnett, William
Jordan, Dempsey
Barnhart, George Boon, Jesse Branch, Wm. S.
Jott, Daniel
Knight, Richard
Brooks, Wm., Sr.
Mitchell, George B.
Carroll, Douglas
Nunnelly, Israel
Copeland, Benjamin
Paine, John
Correy, William
Palmore, Elijah
Credilla, Wm., Sr.
Paulin, Robert
Cummins, F. Evans, William
Ray, Andrew
Foster, Arthur
Riley, John Sanford, Jeremiah
Gooch, Nathan
Smith, Reubin
Hackney, Robert Hall, John, Sr. Harralson, J.
Shaw, John
Thackston, James
Harris, Matthew
Hines, Nathaniel, Sr. Hogg, Samuel
Wall, Myall
Winslett, Samuel
T
Jenkins, James
Price, Ephraim
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HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY
WIDOWS OF REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS WHO DREW LAND IN THE LOTTERY OF 1827
Alford, Mrs. Rebecca
Hays, Mrs. Jane
Anderson, Mrs. Ann
Irwing, Mrs. Mary
Atkinson, Mrs. Martha
Moore, Mrs. Nancy
Bethune, Mrs. Barbara
Parrish, Mrs. Rhoda
Blanks, Mrs. Nancy
Richards, Mrs. Lily
Bridges, Mrs. Susannah
Sesson, Mrs. Hannah
Christopher, Mrs. Elizabeth
Smith, Mrs. Elizabeth
Copeland, Mrs. Gracy
Stewart, Mrs. Elizabeth
Davis, Mrs. Sarah
Stringfellow, Mrs. Amy
Flud, Mrs. Jane
Wood, Mrs. Nancy
Hall, Mrs. Mary
Ward, Mrs. Winney
Hammonds, Mrs. Susannah
This list of men were not designated, as Revolutionary soldiers but it is supposed they engaged in the Indian Wars.
Allison, Robert
Grant, Thomas
Bails, Emmor
Greene, Samuel
Baker, Abner
Harris, John N.
Baldwin, Charles
Huff, George
Bruce, Aziel
Johnson, Gilbert D.
Bowden, Dangerfield
McMurray, James
Cessna, Samuel
Mabry, H.P.
Clifton, Daniel
Patillo, John
Cosby, Dickenson D.
Pope, Willianı
Cunningham, John
Underwood, Daniel
Curry, John S.
Watson, Nehemiah
Credille, Gray
REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS
These Revolutionary Soldiers all of whom lived in Greene County and many of them died there. List prepared by Mrs. Henry Reid, D. A. R. Athens, Ga. (from Roster of Rev. Soldiers of Ga. by McCall)
1. Allison, Henry, mar. Martha of Richmond Co. Ga. 10-10-1787
2. Barnett, Abraham (Abram), b. 1754 Orange Co. N. C. died 1792 in Greene Co. Came to Greene from Mecklinberg Co., N. C. in 1780 a dau. Martha mar. Brownfield in 1774, who was b. 1757 and d. 1818.
3. Atkinson, Nathan
4. Barnett, Nathan, b. 1729 New Kent Co., Va. d. 1805 Greene Co. In Battle of Kettle Creek, mar. 1757 Lucy Webb in Va. b. 1731 came to Ga. in 1768 settled on Little Kioka Creek, St. Paul's Parish.
5. Baxter, Andrew, Jr. b. Dec. 21, 1750, S. C. d. 1816 Wilkes Co. Ga. mar. 1784 Elizabeth Harris, b. 1764, d. 1844.
6. Blasingame, Phillip, b. S. C. d. in Greene Co. mar. Francis -.
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HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY
7. Brooks, William, b. in Va. d. Greene Co., Ga. 1819 mar. Mary (Polly, in Va. Rev. Sol. in Va. line moved to Oglethorpe Co. Ga. received grant of land.
8. Catchings, Joseph, b. Maryland 1762, d. Greene Co. 1806 Soldier in Ga. troops mar. Martha Townsend b. 1-28-1763 Ref. C. A. R. Natl. No. 47956 & D. A. R. Nat. No. 328466
9. Cummins, Rev. Francis D. D. died in Greene Co. 2-22-1832, 85 yrs. mar. Sarah died June 10, 1855. 85 yrs. old.
10. Dawson, George, grave located by D. A. R.
11. Fauche, Jonas, grave located by D. A. R.
12. Garrard, Jacob, grave located by D. A. R.
13. Gresham Davis, grave located by D. A. R.
14. Gresham, Archibald, grave located by D. A. R.
15. Grier, Aquilla, b. 1719 d. 1790 Greene Co. (have will) Ref. D. A. R. 141844 and 232545, on Sept. 13, 1777 took the oath of allegiance at the court house in Henry Co. Va. was too old to serve in the army.
16. Grier, Robert, d. 1820, buried out from White Plains, Ga. on the Nelson Place now occupied by Jimmy Thompson. Grave yard in cotton patch, his marker is a large field rock with a hand chiseled R. Grier, 1820. John McGough buried in same family cemetery with marker, Rev. Sol.
17. Harris, Walton, b. Feb. 6, 1739 Brunswick Co. Va. d. Sept. 2, 1809 Greene Co. mar. Rebecca Lanier (related to Geo. Washington) mar. 12-12-1760 Brunswick Co. Va. Rev. D. A. R. No. 90650.
18. Harris, Charles, b. Mecklingburg, Co., N. C. d. 1791 Greene Co. mar. Elizabeth Thompson Baker, see McCalls 8 Roster p. 34.
19. Heard, Thomas b. 1742 Va. d. 1808 Greene Co. Va. State Troops. Grave located by D. A. R. mar. in Va. Elizabeth Fitzpatrick dau. of Joseph Fitzpatrick Rev. Sol. of Va. b. 1720 d. in Greene Co. as well as his wife Martha Napier, age 106 yrs. mar. (2) Mary Veazey, d. of James Veazey, Rev. Sol.
20. Heard, John, grave located by D. A. R.
21. Heard, Thomas, Greene Co. Militia, 1785-1815.
22. Jackson, William, native of England, d. in Greene Co. Ga. Landmarks and Memorials by Knight Book 1 p. 631.
23. Lewis, Richard, b. Mecklingburg Co., Va. Nov. 1, 1747 d. Greene Co. 1809 mar. Caroline Booker in Va. 1772 D. A. R. Nat. No. 36433.
24. Livingston, Adam, b. in Ireland, served in Penn. moved to Va. then to Greene Co. where he was killed by Indians, had 13 children living in Greene Co.
25. Love, David, Col. b. Anson Co. N. C. 1740 d. in Greene Co. Nov. 30, 1798 mar. Oct. 22, 1772 to Jean (Jane) Blount, b. 1756 d. 1817. Grave located by D. A. R. marked.
26. McGough b. in Ireland d. 1847 White Plains, mar. Margaret E. Mill buried at White Plains.
27. Moore, James, b. Pa. d. 1815 Greene Co. mar. Jane Jackson dau. of Isaac Jackson, Rev. Sol. b. 1766, d. 1827 buried 4 1-2 mi. from White Plains, Ga. grave located by D. A. R.
28. Park, James, grave located by D. A. R. Athens, Ga.
29. Park, Ezekiel Evans, grave located by D. A. R.
30. Perkins, Archibold, b. N. C. 1746, d. Greene Co. 1840, mar. Elizabeth Gibbs in Va. 1764, d. at 94 was in the battle of Guilford Court House. Drew land as Rev. Sol. Cherokee Land Lottery.
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HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY
31. Porter, Oliver, b. 1763 Prince Edward Co. Va. d. Greene Co. 1841, mar. Margaret Watson, 10-10-1783, she was b. 1765 d. 1844. D. A. R. No. 275533.
32. Wilson, d. in Greene after 1835, grave located by D. A. R. Ref. Va. in Rev. by McAllister.
33. Weaver, Benjamin, b. Halifax, Co. N. C. d. May 1816 Greene Co. buried in Greensboro cemetery. Mar. 1st Miss Drury in Halifax, 2nd mar. Eliz- abeth Daniel, Halifax, N. C. 1797. Ref. Natl. No. 49384 D. A. R.
34. Whatley, Samuel, grave located by D. A. R.
Elijah Clark Chapter, D. A. R. Athens, Ga.
REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS WHO HAVE DIED AND HAVE BEEN BURIED IN GREENE CO. GA.
Oliver Porter, was at first buried three miles west of Penfield, but his remains and those of his family were reinterred in the Penfield Cemetery by James M. Porter in 1942.
Jeremiah Sanford, buried in the Greensboro cemetery. Francis Cummins, buried in the Greensboro cemetery.
Jonas Fauche, buried in the Greensboro cemetery.
Benjamin Weaver, buried in the Greensboro cemetery. Ezekiel E. Park, buried in the Greensboro cemetery.
Davis Gresham, buried in Oakland cemetery.
Archibold Gresham, buried in Oakland cemetery. Samuel Whatley, Bethesda Baptist churchyard. James Park, buried near Park's Ferry. Col. David Love, buried in Bethany churchyard. William Greer, buried in old Shiloh churchyard. Thomas Baldwin, buried in Bethany churchyard. Isaac Stocks, burial place not located. Jesse Boon, probably Bethesda, not marked.
Robert Hackney, probably Bethesda cemetery.
Benjamin Copland, probably Liberty Church. Jonathan Haralson, probably Shiloh churchyard. Matthew Harris, grave not located.
N. Harris Thomas Holland George Hunt Jeremiah Jackson Kimbrough
James Jackson Ephriam Price James Lake Robert Pullin John Riley Reubin Smith Nathan Gooch James Thaxton
Samuel Winslett James Akins Robert Austin
William S. Branch
William Brooks
Douglas Carroll John Chandler Thomas Cox
William Credelle Arthur Foster, ( Greshamville, grave marked) James Armour
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HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY
Thomas Heard, grave marked about three miles west of Greensboro, just to the left of the road lead- ing to the Stock-Willis place. In all probability there are 100 Revolutionary soldiers buried here, that will never be located. Many of the others who settled in Greene County migrated west as the Indians were pushed back. Many of them we know moved to these counties and others, Jones, Putnam, Morgan, Newton, Walton and Henry. This was between 1802 to 1821. In 1818 many of these soldiers went to Alabama. In the mid twenties when the Indians were pushed across the Chattahoochee River, the men of the Revolution moved into these counties; Coweta, Meriwether, Troup, Monroe, Talbot, Muscogee and other western counties.
Many of the people at this period went to Texas to settle. Many court indictments read, "Gone to Texas", when the case was called. Fugitives from jus- tice fled to the place of refuge in the wild and wooly days of Texas and escaped the gallows by a narrow margin.
GREENE COUNTY HONORS THE MEMORY OF HER HEROES OF THE REVOLUTON.
On Saturday July 4th, 1936, several members of the Nancy Hart Chapter, D.A.R. and a number of the descendents of Revolutionary soldiers, some from Atlanta, Milledgeville, Barnesville, Butler, and Beech Island, S. C., joined a pilgrimage which started in the Greensboro cemetery at 9:30 A.M., visited the graves of the following Revolutionary soldiers whose graves have recently been marked with Federal markers, and loving hands had placed wreaths of green and U. S. Flags before the pilgrimage started: Ezekiel Evans Park; Francis Cummins; Jonas Fauche, and Benjamin Weaver. A brief sketch of each was given by Mrs. Ferguson, Judge James B. Park, Mrs. Ella Harris Wimbish and her daughters, Mrs. Beach, and T. B. Rice, Historian for Greene County. Wreaths were also laid on the tombs of Isaac Stocks and his son Thomas Stocks, and Gen- eral Thomas Dawson. Neither Thomas Stocks nor Thomas Dawson were soldiers of the Revolution, but they vied with each other as to which was the first citizen of Greene County. Stocks was born in a fort near the Oconee River just three days before Greene County was created by Legislative Enactment on February 3, 1786, while Dawson was born after Greene County had been spoken into existence.
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HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY
From the Greensboro cemetery, the pilgrimage moved on to old Bethesda Church-formerly Whatley's Mill Church- which was constituted in 1784, and at that time, was in Wilkes County. This church was organized by Samuel Whatley, the old Revolutionary soldier-preacher, for whom a Federal marker had recently been placed close to the wall, and between the two front entrances to this historic brick edifice. Major Samuel Whatley, who is connected with the Georgia Military College at Milledgeville, and who is a descendent of Samuel Whatley, read a paper recounting some of the activities of his distin- guished ancestor. Miss Victoria Whatley, County Demonstrator, Major Whatley's young son Samuel, Frank Whatley Atkinson of Beech Island, S. C. and other Whatley descendents and rel- atives were present. From there we drove to Penfield, the "cradle" of Mercer University, where a brief history of the more than a Century old Christian College was outlined. From Penfield, we traveled over the road which was used by Major Oliver Porter, James K. Daniel, Cynthia Coffee Stocks, Gover- nor Peter Early and many other illustrious citizens as they car- ried their muskets and wended their way to old Shiloh Church to Saturday conference and Sunday preaching, and where arm- ed guards kept a close watch for lurking Indians while the minister preached and prayed within the hewn log "Meeting House." This trail led to the home of Mr. & Mrs. Earnest Gresham, where we found the lawn covered with parked cars and a hundred or more of the descendants of Archibald and Davis Gresham who were brothers, and both Revolutionary sol- diers. Beneath the shade-trees, an old fashioned barbecue dinner awaited us; and what a dinner ... Barbecue, Brunswick Stew, fried chicken, iced tea, lemonade, pies and cakes galore. After an appropriate "Grace" was said by Pastor Charles H. Hopp of the Greensboro Baptist Church, everybody found their places and how we did eat . . .
There was no politics at this gathering although, the radio kept us posted as to what was going on. After a rousing vote of thanks to our host and hostess, we repaired to the Gresham family cemetery about one mile away, where we honored the memory of Archibald and Davis Gresham whose graves were marked by Federal markers, which were unveiled
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HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY
with appropriate ceremony, and coverings were removed by four little girls who were direct descendants of these Revolutionary Heroes. Here speeches were made by Mrs. Ella Harris Wim- bish of Atlanta. Mrs. Earnest Gresham, Mrs. J. L. Beeson, retiring Historian for the Nancy Hart Chapter, D. A. R., Judge James B. Park, T. B. Rice and others
After the Revolutionary soldiers had been honored, a Con- federate marker was unveiled for Dr. Sterling Gresham whose grave was at the foot of his distinguished ancestor, Davis Gre- sham. Mrs. W. G. Little, Sr., the eighty-two year old daughter of Gresham was present, and as her mind traveled back over the years, her heart and eyes overflowed as she recalled the scenes of her childhood; and how grateful she felt over the de- ference paid her distinguished parents and grandparents. After a touching prayer by the Rev. E. E. Keene, Pastor of the Union Point Baptist Church, that touching song, "Tenting on the old Camp Ground," was beautifully sung by Rev. Charles H. Kopp and Miss Mildred Hunter, of Greensboro. "Taps" were sound- ed by Mr. M. M. Morgan, and one of the most eventful celebrations ever held in Greene County came to a close.
Section III WAR BETWEEN THE STATES
After the Revolutionary war the nation had divided into two parts, the South once the most powerful and richest part of the country was being outvoted on matters vitally affecting its very life. The tariff was a thorn in the flesh of the South who depended on a free world market to sell her cotton and tobacco. The North was building up her industry and wanted protection against the factories of Europe. The division came, not over slavery, so much as over states rights. The South did not want to be overruled by the North whose needs were entire- ly different.
When South Carolina, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Florida, Texas and Louisiana seceded they did not think that the North would take strong measures and that some compro- mise measure could be worked out. Lincoln said that the Federal
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HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY
government had no right to interfere with domestic arrange- ments of the states. Time went on and after Fort Sumpter was reinforced and the Confederates fired on it, it was clear that war would prevail and as leaders and the people became im- patient with compromising and political adjustment, the tragic toll of lives, fortunes and hardships went on for four long and bitter years.
The South felt that, as the Declaration of Independence had justified the secession of 3,000,000 colonists in 1776, so could they justify the secession of 5,000,000 Southerners in 1861. They felt that their rights had been invaded to the ex- treme limits within the Constitution, their feelings insulted, their interests and honor assailed by every form of invective. All the instincts of manhood impelled them to resort to a separation from the Union.
The Confederate soldier fought on, even when the cries of distress came from his home, tales of want, insult and robbery. He fought the Yankees, who knew that their homes were safe and their wives and children sheltered. The Confederate soldier was purely patriotic, he fought for a principle and did not need driving nor urging but was eager and determined to fight.
Greene Countys' people have served in all wars from the Dragoons of the Indian days, the Revolution, the War of 1812, the Civil War, the Spanish-American War of 1898, World War I and II and the Korean War.
In this Chapter I shall endeavor to bring as many of the lists of soldiers as possible from the records gathered by Dr. T. B. Rice. He mentions that in many instances he was unable to find complete lists of soldiers in the different wars, so any names omitted are unintentional.
All wars are struggles and rugged and most of those fight- ing take a short range view of it at the time and do the best they can in the face of hardship and death, never thinking of the part they play in a great epic. Much has been written on all wars and most of all on the fratricidal struggle between the North and the South in the 1860's.
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HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY
A larger proportion of the population of the country was killed or died of diseases than in all of the wars put together.
Every slave could have been purchased and freed for a fraction of the cost of the war to say nothing of the terrible period of reconstruction and its wanton waste of actual money.
Large numbers of Greene County men went off to the War Between the States. These privates were for the most unpaid and were camped in desolate ravaged country forty miles from a village and the camp-fire songs which he made himself were his only entertainment. Many left Greene that had no slaves nor anyone else to provide food for their families. In a short time want was staring many families in the face. The wealthier families had slaves to work the fields and care for the livestock and fared better. The tithing tax was rigidly enforced and build- ings were converted into granaries for the Confederate army.
The women of Greene threw all they had into the titanic struggle with untiring devotion, a determination to win and deeds of devotion inspired their husbands, fathers, sweethearts and relatives to fight. Hands that had never known labor en- gaged in patriotic work to equip the soldiers at the front. The management of the crops and slaves fell on the shoulders of the women, as well as rolling bandages, knitting socks and sending clothing to the men at the front.
During the battle of Atlanta every building that could be obtained was turned into a hospital for the wounded, and the women, with their meager supplies, nursed them.
As the war ended and the ragged, exhausted, defeated, starved men returned to the ashes and desolation and the land swept as by a cyclone of fire, their homeland, a melancholy and sadness prevailed in the South. Everything was lost save honor.
The South was defeated and accepted that, and would have risen from the ashes, but the bitter days of reconstruction fell upon them. The whites were disfranchised, the slaves were free and untrained for managing their own affairs to say nothing of governing others. They fell into idleness and crime. The scala- wag and the carpet-bagger began exploiting the Negro vote. There were series of crimes, such as, rape, murder, arson, as-
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saults, robbery and all law and order were broken down. No man or woman felt safe. Some communities gathered their families together at night and posted sentries for protection. Women were insulted on the streets and life seemed unbearable. This state of affairs brought about the organization of the Ku Klux Klan, which was the only measure of protection to the whites until they disbanded in 1872, when some measure of law had been restored.
Some of the Confederate songs which kept the soldiers, swinging along hundreds of miles on foot and dying and still laughing were : "Dixie", "Yellow Rose of Texas", "Bonnie Blue Flag", "My Maryland", "Somebody's Darling", "Lorena", "Gen. Lee's Grand March".
After 100 years what Southerner can hear the words, "Den I wish I was in de land ob cotton, Old times there are not for- gotten, Look away, Look away, Look away Dixie Land", with- out wanting to give a rebel yell, bow their heads in memory of the immortal men in gray who gave their lives to a cause that had been lost and the flag that was its symbol ?
General Robert E. Lee, a man of gentle manners, heroic self-control, a dedication to duty, a leader and a man of chilvary, one in whom his men had absolute faith to the point of death, was not only the military leader of the South but the spiritual leader. Robert E. Lee had unfailing faith in God which defeat did not weaken. He was inspiring and poised and unfailing in the trust imposed on him by fellow citizens and at the end of the war he strove with all his might to heal the nation's wounds.
He had never wanted secession and did not believe in slavery yet when his home state of Virginia seceded he fought in it's defense. He made his life a symbol of obedience to civil authority. He set an example for young Southerners by turning down more advantageous financial offers to take the presidency of a small discouraged college. He knew that youth was the future and sought to give it some of his own idealism and faith in the future. He was never allowed by the U. S. A. to give his allegiance to the country, although he advised his comrades to do so, and he requested Pres. Andrew Johnson to allow him to do
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so. He died, a man without an official country, but to all true Southerners he will live as a model of man at his best, the noblest of them all. Few people have come as close to perfection during their earthly sojourns as did Robert E. Lee.
"Furl that Banner for 'tis weary,
Round its staff, 'tis drooping dreary, Furl it, hide it, let it rest." For there's not a man to wave it.
And there's not a soul to save it.
In the blood that heroes gave it,
And its foes now scorn and brave it,
Furl it, hide it, let it rest."
Enrollment of Present Militia Co., District No. 147-146 19th Senatorial District, Greene County, 1863
Name
Age
Occupation
Born
Asbury, Redmon T.
47
Farmer
Ga.
Baughcom, W.
51
Mechanic
S.C.
Benjamin, C.
59
Shoemaker
N.C.
Boughman, P.
21
Spinner
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