USA > Georgia > Status of the church in Georgia during the Revolutionary war > Part 5
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aharon membership was about 125.
3
At the time the British entered Georgia, Rev. Hoses Allen was pastor of the Midway Church. As soon as he heard of their arrival, to at once joined the Colonial Army as a chaplain. 4 Rev. Allen in 1777 had been very sotive toward the Revolution and thinking it no barn to preach from the pulpit in favor of the colonies and independence, and soon 5 became very obnoxious to the British. 6
He was born in Northhampton, Masa .. September 14, 1748, and received his education at Princeton College where he graduated in 1772. In 1777 he moved to Midway, Ga., from Charleston. 8. C. He was surrounded by Torles in his new home, and although threatened many times, he continued to
1. Stacy. History of Midway Congregational Church, p. 226.
2. Ibid, p. 43.
3. Ibid, p. 43.
4. Headley. Chaplains and Clergy of the Revolution, p. 332. Stacy. History of Midway Congregational Church, p. 45.
5.
6. Headley. Chaplains and Clergy of the Revolution, p. 331.
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denounce the aggressive measures of Great Britain as insalt- ing and tyrandical, declaring they never should be submitted to, and called on his people to ara in defenao of their oong- try. Young Allen'a eloquent tongue saver ceased to pload with the bestitating and denounce the Tories as traitors. Ia 1778 he left his parish and joined the Georgia Brigade ss Chaplain, arging the inbbaltants by every argument, and in 1
the most eloquent manner to ara in defense of their country.
General Provost, with his heterogeneous horde of regulars, tories, and Indiaas, were about to invade the colony. The whole region was thrown into wildest aler. The Tories were elated, bat young Allen with his presence and appeals so arrested disaffection that the Tories cursed his very name. "The Tories told the British officer that the Sebel person did more injury to the cause of the King than a dozen colonela and that the hornets' mest should be utterly destroyed, The burning of Mr. Allen's own house did not cool the pastor's patriotism nor esuse his to slaken his efforts in any way. shon the attack of Savannah was on, Rev. Allen
rushed into the thickees of the fight and with a great number of othere was taken prisoner. About 45) were taken prisoners,
100 killed and the British occupied Savannah. The officers
1. Headley. Chaplains and Clergy of the Revolution, p. 333.
2. Ibid, p. 335.
3. Ibid. p. 336.
of the Continental Army, who were taken, were sent to Bunbury on parole, but the privates, including Kr. Allen, were placed on board prison ships in the river. 2 In short Mr. Allen vas the head rebel of the entire region, whose bold free tongue out deeper than the sword. One would think that if any dis- tinotion at all was made in the prisonera, it would be in his favor and not against him. On this loathsome prison ship he was placed under the tender meroles of the brutal commander. Parker. Here fed like brates, the men foll sick and many fied. Here for many weeks, Mr. Allen, the young clergyman. the friend and classmate of James Madison at Princeton, had to remain. When String and the warm weather came, thia den
became Intolerable. The prisoners who died were carried to the shore and thrown into & nearby swarp without barial, end left with legs and arms sticking out to rot in the sun. The inhumane treatment he received and to which there sosmed no termination but death had made him look on any fate as prefer- able to the one he was then enduring. Surrounded with Buch mighte with no prospect of release, Mr. Allen determined make an attempt to escape. He noticed a point down the river where he thought that if he could reach it he would be able to effeot hin escape. He realised, however, that if a guard would see him jump overboard he would be shot, but not fearing this.
1. Headley. Chaplains and Clergy of the devolution, p. 336.
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he watched for an opportunity and one day when the guard'a baok was turned ha plunged into the river. At first he strack out strong and vigorous, but he soon found that dan to poor food, lack of exercise and confinement on the ship that he had over estimated his strength. 1 He soon saw that he could net reach the shore, but he struggled on to the last and then Without lifting one ory for help, onnk beneath the surface.
His body was washed ashore on Tybee Island, and some of the prisoners who were his old friends and parishioners went to Commodore Parkor and asked for a few rough boarda that they might make a box, at least, in which to place the remains of their pastor. He returned a brutal refusal, saying, "That the rebel prescher deserved only a traitor'a grave! and he was thrust unceremoniously into the mud and owamp with the others. Thus at the early age of thirty was the career of Hr. Allen ended,
. 1. Headley. Chaplains and Clergy of the Revolution, p. 889. 2. Ibid, p. 339.
3. Ibid, p. 339.
.
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The Lutheran Church.
Revolution. In 1779 when veneral Provost of the British Army landed in Georgia and made his headquarters at Savannah, Rev. Triebner, once pastor of the church at Ebeneser, at once called on General Provost and took the ooth of alle- glance to the Crown. Kr. Triebner advised that Ebenezer be occupied by Royal troopa. This was accordingly done and Mr. Triebner was put in charge of the troops under the command of
Major Maitland. Upon arriving at Ebenezer they throw up bresatworks within a few hundred yards of the church with a 1 view to fortifying their position and guard against a surprise. Major Maitland at once issued a proclamation to the
Inhabitants of St. Matthew'e Parish, offering the protection of the British arma to all who might be disposed to take an oath of loyulty and allegiance to the Crown. Nuny of the Salsburgers who were Lutherans, influenced by the advice and example of Hir. Triebner, accepted this offer, and obtained certificates guaranteeing protection to themselves and to their 3 Most of the lutherans, however, remained loyal to property.
the American oan80. The property of those who did not take the oath of allegiance was confiscated. Homes were burned and pilaged. The residence on the farm of Rev. Rabenhorst was
among the first that was given to the flames. This fine brick
1. Strobel. history of the Salzburgers, p. 202.
2. Ibid, p. 202.
3. Ibid. p. 202.
4. Ibid, p. 203.
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church at Ebeneser was at first turned into a hospital by the British and later was deseorated by being used as a stable for their horsea.1
To show their contempt and disregard for the roll- gious sentiments of the people, the church recorde were nearly all destroyed, and the soldiers would shoot at different ob- jects on the church; as late as 1855 could be seen on the metal "Swan" (Luther's Coat-of-Arms) which surmounts the spire on the steeple marks of musket balla.
Cannon were often die- charged at houses. 2 In short it was the policy of British officers at this post to make their power felt and by mere brutal forse to awe the colonists into subjection. Bev. Trieb-
3 ner returned to England with the British troops. After the British left Ebenezer, the people returned, renovated, repaired and cleaned their oburch for worship.
The following are extruota taken from a letter writ- ten by Dr. H. M. Muhlenburg to Hon. Mr. Davis, showing what the Lutherans in Germany were doings
Date April 19, 1784.
1. The Rev. Triebner has, since his arrival in Eng- . land, honestly paid the principal and interest of 300 pounds sterling belonging to xbenezer Church (Unto the Rev. S. Urls- perzer) which the deceased Mr. Caspar Wertsch owed him. Also
1. Strobel. History of the balsburgers, p. 207.
2. Ibid, p. 207.
3. Ibid, p. 209.
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whatsoever Mr. Triebner himself owed to the President of the Protestant Evangelical Consistory in Augsburg. 1
2. Moreover, the Bev. Mr. Urlsporger says that if some one of the other of the Ebenezer congregation may have a just and lawful claim against ur. Triebner, if it be laid be- fore him lawfully proved and attested. it shall be duly paid. The Lutheran pastor, Mr. Triebner, openly espoused the cause of the King, and used all his influence to suppress the spirit of resistance to the usurpatione of the British Government, which was everywhere manifesting itself. Rev. Rabenhorst, the other Lutheren minister, never openly favored the cause for liberty, neither did he do anything to injure 11. The majority of the Salsburgers in St. Matthew'a
3
Parish were Lutharans and espoused the cause of the colonies. exclaiming: "We have experienced the ovile of Tyranny in our own land; for the sake of liberty we have left home, lande. houses, estates and have taken refuge in the wilde of Georgia; Shall we now submit again to Bondage? No, nerer."
The last battle of the devolution was fought on the Boil of Georgia seven months after the surrender of Cornwallis. It was a victory for the Americans under Had Anthony Wayne and resulted in the opening of Savannah to the American Army in
1. Strobel. History of the valaburgers, p. 215.
2. Ibid, p. 215.
3. Ibid, p. 199.
4. Ibid, p. 198.
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July 1782. John Adam Treutlen was the greatest Lutheran lay- man produced by the Salsburgers in Georgia. Thon eleven years old he was brought to this country by his mother and taken to Ebeneser where he would be under the spiritual instruction of the Salzburger ministers. 1 The vessel in which the family sailed for America was captured by pirates. The family was robbed of all its possessions and the father was thrown into prison where he died. At the age of fourteen yours young John was confirmed st Ebeneser.
Rev. Bolgins "commenda him for his industry at work. his seal in learning, and his obedience in conduct." very devont in the performance of his religious duties. He was so regular in his church life that he was elected a deacon at the age of 32 years. In 1774 he was the leading officer in the congregation at Ebenezer. 2 He remained a descon to the end of his life. About the year 1764 he was appointed magistrate or justloe of the peace for St. Matthew'a Ferieh. When the contest for liberty began he was one of the first and foresont among those who contended for the establishment of a free government for the American Colonies. He was a member of the First Congress which met at Savannah, July 4, 1775. on May 8, 1777. he was elected Governor of Georgia. During his term ho mortgaged his property to defray the expenses of the
1. Finok. Lutheran Landmarks and Pioneers in America, p. 17. 180 and 181.
2. Ibid, p. 182.
.
e1
Government and of the devolution. He was branded by the British sa the "Rebel Jovernor"; when the British reconquored
1 Georgia and devastated the state as far north as Angusto, he and his family were driven Into South Carolina, his property was confiscated and his home and barns were burned to the ground. In the spring of 1702 a short time before April 18th, he was deooyed from his home in South Carolina by four or five Tories and "barbarously murdered." It was through his martyrdom the Lutheran Church participated in the laying of the foundation etones of American freedom. 2
The Lutherans as a whole and their ohnrohes were loyal to the Colonies and opposed to the kind of case of which Bev. Mr. Triebner seems to be an exception, as all the writers on that period give them credit for being opposed to the King. Education. The Lutherans were very careful to take care of the education of their people. Whenever a pastor was Bent over a school master accompanied hia, unless one was el- ready provided. A fund too was subsequently created for his support. There was a school kept at Ebeneser up into the ser- enties, and one at Zion Church four miles below Ebenezer. 3
When the church was established at Bethany about
1752, a school house was also built, together with a residence for the teacher. This church and school continued to exist
1. Finok. Lutheran Landmarks sod Pioneers in America, p. 183,184. 2. Ibid, pp. 186, 186 and 167.
8. Strobel. History of tha Salzburgers, p. 106.
2
till 1774 when, during the Revolution, it became very weak end by 1780 it was entirely gone and never rebuilt. 1
Slavery. The Lutherans opposed the introduction of Slavery into the colony for a great many years. Baron Von Reok, in one of hie letters, anys. "The Purchase of Megroes is forbidden, on account of the vicinity of the Spaniarda. The colony also is an asylum for the distressed, and slaves etarro the poor labourer."" Rav. Mr. Belsins was, perhaps, the last to yield his opposition. He even reproved Mr. White- field very sharply for his waoillation in changing his opin- ions, after having in the first instance expressed his disap- probation in the measure and then subsequently favoring it. 3 Mr. Whitefield denied having any participation in the matter and said that he believed with Poper "Whatever is, is best." That God had some wise endgs to cocomplish in reference to African slavery; and that he had no doubt it would terminate in advantage to the Africans. 5
Bev. Bolsina admitted that there was wrong in the abstract to place our followmea in a state of bondago; yet, if by removing the African from the heathentom of his native land to the country where his mind would be enlightened by the gospel. and provision made for the salvation of his soul, the evile of
.
1. Strobel. History of the Salzburgera, p. 131.
2. Ibid. p. 103.
3. Ibid. p. 103.
4. Ibid, p. 103.
5. Ibid. p. 104.
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slavery might be endured in consideration of the moral and spiritual advantages which it bestows upon its unfortunate victims. 1 By this mode of reasoning the Lutherans, with their pastors after considerable hestitation, conseated to have slaves brought into the colony. They did not do so. however, until they had conferred with their Christian friends in Germany.
Bev. Urlsperger, in advising them upon this subjeet. said: "If you take slaves in faith, and with the intent of con- duoting them to Christ, the motion will not be a ein, but may prove a benediction. 2
It was under these circumstances that Mr. Bolsius wrote to the Trustees withdrawing, on behalf of himself and his congregation including the Salzburgera and many other Lather ns, their objection to the repeal of the law. 3
1. Strobel. History of the Salaburgers. p. 104.
2. Ibid, p. 104.
3. Ibid, p. 105.
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The Corman Geform Charob.
Revolution. At the beginning of the Revolution there was no man in Georgia more influential than Dr. Zubly of the German Reform Church. He had taken a prominent part with the "Sono of Liberty" and had preached a sermon in their behalf before the Provincial Congress assembled in Savannah. on
1 September 4, 1775, ho with four others were selected to repre- sent Georgia in the Continental Congress. He declined to
accept the appointment unless his congregation would give their
consent. This they did. 3 Although he had strenuously ro- sisted the tyrannical measures of the British Ministery, he never favored separation from the Mother Country." 4 In reply to Paine's "Common Sense" he said "The Author looks upon entire separation not as a last remedy, but as a new and dangerous disease; and earnestly prayeth that Amerios in that connection may soon and forever enjoy that constitution and freedom which her representatives so justly claim.
for about four months Dr. Zubly coonpied a seat in the Continental Congress; but it soon became evident that his sentiments were objectionable to the majority. In 1776 when the question of independence came up for, and was, debated.
1. American Church History Seriea, vol. VIII, p. 301.
2. Smith. Story of Georgia and Georgia People, p. 80.
3. American Church History Series, vol. VIII, p. 502.
4. Smith. story of Georgia and Georgia People. p. 81.
5. Georgia Historical Quarterly, vol. I. p. 161.
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Samuel Chase of Maryland rose in his sent and publicly accused him of treasonable correspondence with James Wright, Colonial Governor of Georgia. Soon after this Dr. Zubly left the con- grese, returned to Georgia, and began using bis influence against 1 the separation from England. His popularity soon vanished and he was trauted with great harshness. 2 In 1777 he was baniebed from Savannah, with the loss of half hie estate. While the British Army occupied Georgia, he returned to Savannah and there remained till his death, July 23. 1781. 3
Just before he was banished from Georgia he made a speech before the Grand Jury in which he pointed out his loy- alty to the colony and the injustice they were doing him by banlehnent. He said it would set a precedent for which they would regret for years to come, also that all law and justice was at an end by doing this thing. 4
1. American Church History Serles, vol. VIII. p. 302.
2. Ibid. p. 302.
8. Ibid. p. 303. Evens. Histary of Georgia, p. 89.
4. Georgia historiesl Quarterly, vol. I. p. 162.
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Summary of Churches by County, Pirich Location
Factors and auto somal.
Enissomalian.
County Mariah Loostion
metor
Dato Yannded
Rov.Mr. Orton, 1720-48
kav.Mr. S. BosomForth 1742-49
1750
Rev.Mr.Souberbuhler 1748-68 Bev.Mr.Frink 1768-73
.
Richmond St. Paul Angusta
· Rev.Em. Ellington 1767-70 kev.Mr.Beynour 1773-75
Boy. Alexander Findlay 1772-73 asv. Jno.Holmes and
Burke St. George
Center of Parish
dev.Mr. Seymour 1773-74
1778
nov. John Holmes 1776-78 ABY. James Brown 1778-80
Baptist.
County Location
Pastor
Humber in Dato Congregation Founded
Wilkes Zickee Crook
Bey.Daniel Kgrshall
1778
Richmond New Savannah
Boy. Botsford
1773
Burze
Little Briar Creek
Matthew NoCulers
in
1777
David HoCulors
1777
Richmond kiokee Creek
Abraham Marshall
250 in 1772.
1778
Biobaond Need's Creek
Lovelesa Savage.
46 in 1774.
1774 Before or during Eevolution
Burze Buokhead Crack Matthew Moore
Congregational.
County Parish
Location
Pastor
Date Founded
Rev. Jno.Os,rood 1754-73
Liberty St.John's Midwaydeok Rey. Jas. Admonds( ABu' t) 1767-1769
1764
Rev.40808 Allon 1777-1778
Chathan, Christ Ch. Savannah
Rev. Jonathan Copp 1750-56 Rev. Samuel Frink 1764-67
1750
Benjamin Dayis
JOB08 Hadley
108
87
Lutheran
County
Parich
tamo
Location
Date
Chatham Christ Church
Savannah 1738
Effingham St. Matthow's
Jerusalem
Lew Ebenezer
1744
Effingham St. Matthew'a Zlon
Your miles below New Ebeneser
Effingham
St. Matthey's Bethany
On bluff above Bev Ebenezer
1751
Effingham
Goshen.
Presbyterian.
County Parish
Location
Minister
Dato
Burxe St. George's
Briar Creek
Bar. Josiah Lewis 1760
Barke St. George's
Walnut Branch
Rev. Josiah Lowis 1760
low Inverness in Darian
Bev. John MoLeod
1736
Independent Presbyterian.
County
Parish
Location
Minister
Dato
Chatham
Christ Ch.
Saranosh
Rev. J. J. Zabli
Not knowa.
German Reform.
County
Plano
Minister
Data
Chathơn
Savannah
Bey. J. J. Zabli
1758
Old Church and
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CONCLUSION.
The Churches, no doubt, bad a great bearing upon the action of the people before and during the Revolution. We baro ssen not only how members of the churches took different sides in the canso but how ministers prosched from the pulpit, some favoring England, others standing for the cause of the colonies. This action of the church probably had more to do with shaping the trend of thought through this period than any other one thing. The rank and file of the people looked to the minis- tere and other leaders for advice and action in the cause. Every religione belief, the Roman Catholic excepted, was tol- erated in Georgia. While, during the twenty years just pro- ceding the war, the Episcopal Church was held in special favor. however, the charter granted by the trustees does not mention the fact that the Episeospal Church shall be the established ohurob.
The influence of religion upon the colony is to be seen in the following paragraphs .
"It is to be regretted that many of the clergy were destitute of that psity and leftiness of character which were necessary to secure respect for their office; while the people themselves were ignorant, corrupt and split into angry factions, they were in no state to listen to the teachings of the pulpit or profit by the instructions of their various pastors. Yet
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nothing was so needed to humanize the feelings, onll out the
affections and olevate the soul of the people as religion." 1
That little odnoation existed in the Colony at the time was to a large extent under the control of the obarch. The lutherans were probably the greatest factors in this way for they usually established a small school with each church and provided for a master. Thio was thought of sa a religions affair and a way to strengthen the denomination. Some of the wealthier families provided private instruction for their child- ren in the home. The Orphan House at Bethesda, under the sap- ervision of George Whitefield and the one at few Kbaneser under the Intherans, provided religious and educational instruo- tion for the poor and homeless.
The slavery question received much consideration ta the colony. It was forbidden by law and not till the early 1760'a was it permitted. The Latherane, Quakers and Baptists, all opposed it at first and, strange to say, ler. George white- field favored it, and through his efforts wae it permitted, however, for a number of years the truetees had been against it. By the time the Revolution came, all denominations held slave ..
The 8. P. O. carried on most of the missionary efforts among the Indiana, but very little success was ever attained. 1. Stevena. History of Georgia, vol. I. p. 370.
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The Morariano also accomplished very little along this ling. In the struggle for Independence no church as a whole stood out against the colony and for England. The Lutheruna took a very active part in favor of the colony, ex- cept in the case of Mr. Triebner, and this, as has been said, was the only case in this donomination. . While the Quakers and Koravians were neutral, all others as a whole favored the Colonies.
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