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" Now Know Ye, that we, the said Thomas Christie and Will- iam Calvert, pursuant to the said Deed, and in performance of the said Trust, do Grant and Enfeoff unto John Goddard one House Lot in Wilmington Tything in Derby Ward, expressed in the said Plan by Number One, containing Sixty feet in front and Ninety feet in depth, and one Garden Lot containing Five Acres, expressed on the said Plot by Number Eleven, lying South East from the Center of the said Town, and one Farm expressed in the said Plot by Number Five and Letter A in the said Ward and Tything, containing Forty Four Acres and One Hundred Forty and One Pole, making together Fifty Acres of Land : To Have and To Hold the said Fifty Acres of Land unto him the said Jolin Goddard during the term of his natural life, and after his decease then to the Heirs Male of his Body forever, Upon the Conditions and under the express Limitations hereinafter mentioned."
Upon similar conditions, town lots in the various tithings and wards in Savannah, garden lots, and farms were conveyed in and by this deed to Walter Fox, John Grady, James Carwall, Rich- ard Cannon, Frances Cox, relict of William Cox, William Cox, Jr., George Sims, Joseph Fitzwalter, Mary Samms, relict of John Samms, Elizabeth Warren, relict of John Warren, William War- ren, son of the said John Warren, Mary Overend, relict of Joshma Overend, Francis Mugridge, Robert Johnson, William Horn, John Penrose, Elizabeth Hughes, relict of Joseph Hughes, Mary Hodges, relict of Richard Hodges, Mary Hodges, Elizabeth Hodges, and Sarah Hodges, -daughters of the said Richard Hodges, - James Muir, Thomas Christie, Joseph Cooper, John West, James Willson, Thomas Pratt, William Waterland, Eliza- beth Bowling, relict of Timothy Bowling, Mary Bowling,
158
THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.
daughter of the said Timothy Bowling, Elizabeth Millidge, relict of Thomas Millidge, Heirs Male of the said Thomas Millidge, William Little, Jane Parker, relict of Samuel Parker, Thomas Parker, son of the said Samuel Parker, Mary Magdalene Tib- beau, relict of Daniel Tibbeau, Heirs Male of the said Daniel Tibbeau, Hannah Close, relict of Henry. Close, Ann Close, daughter of the said Henry Close, Joseph Stanley, Robert Clark, Peter Gordon, Thomas Causton, John Vanderplank, Thomas Young, Joseph Coles, Thomas Tebbit, Jolin Dearn, John Wright, Noble Jones, Ann Hows, relict of Robert Hows, John Clark, William Gough, William Mackay, Thomas Ellis, Edward John- son, Isaac Nunez Henriquez, William Mears, Moses le Desma, Paul Cheeswright, Samuel Nunez Ribiero, John Musgrove, Noble Wimberly Jones, Daniel Ribiero, Charles Philip Rogers, Moses Nunez Ribiero, Robert Gilbert, Edward Jenkins, Senior, Jacob Lopez d'Olivera, William Savory, Edward Jenkins, Junior, Isaac de Val, David Cohen del Monte, Benjamin Shaftell, Bearsley Gough, Robert Hows, Abraham Nunez Monte Santo, John Mil- lidge, Jacob Yowel, Samuel Parker, Junior, Abraham Minis, Jacob Lopez de Crasto, and David de Pas; the said grantees "yielding and paying for such Town Lott, Garden Lott, and Farm, containing together Fifty Acres as aforesaid, to the said Trustees for establishing the Colony of Georgia in America, and to their Successors, yearly and every year, the Rent or Sum of two Shillings of lawful Money of Great Britain, the same to be paid to such person or persons and at such place in the said Town of Savannah in the said Province of Georgia as by the Common Council (for the time being) of the said Trustees shall be ap- pointed. The first Payment to be made on the first Day of the Eleventh year to be computed from the Day of the date of these Presents : provided always, and these Presents are upon these conditions, that if it shall happen that the said yearly Rent of Two Shillings or any part thereof be unpaid by the space of Twelve Kalendar Months next after the day of Payment, on which the same ought to be paid as aforesaid, And if the said several persons or their respective Heirs above mentioned shall not within the space of Eighteen Kalendar Months from the date hereof erect one House of Brick, or framed, square timber work, on their respective Town Lotts, containing at the least Twenty four feet in length, upon Sixteen in breadth, and eight feet in height, and abide, settle, and continue in the said Province for and during the full term of three years to be computed from the
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159
DEED TO LOTS IN SAVANNAH.
date hereof, and if the said several Persons and each of them respectively shall not, within the space of ten years, to be likewise computed from the date hereof, clear and cultivate Ten Acres of the said Land herein before to them respectively granted ; And if the said several Persons aforesaid shall not plant or cause to be planted, One Hundred plants of the White Mulberry Tree which are to be delivered unto them respectively by the said Trustees, so soon as the same or sufficient part thereof be cleared, and sufficiently fence and preserve the same from the bite of Cattle, and in stead of such Trees as shall happen to die or be destroyed shall not set other Trees of the same sort, And if any or either of the said several persons above mentioned who shall by virtue of these Presents, or of the Grant and Enfeoffment hereby made or intended to be made, now or at any time or times hereafter become possessed of the said Fifty Acres of Land or any part or parcel thereof respectively, at any time or times alien, transfer, or convey the same or any part thereof for any term of years, or any estate or interest in the same, to any Person or Persons whatsoever without special leave and licence of the said Common Council (for the time being) or of such Officer as the said Com- mon Council shall from time to time authorize to Grant such licence ; And if the said Person or Persons or any other Person who shall by virtue of these Presents and of the Grant in Tail Male hereby made from time to time become possessed of the said Fifty Acres of Land shall do or commit any Treason, Misprison of Treason, Insurrection, Rebellion, Counterfeiting the Money of Great Britain, or shall commit Murder, Felony, Homicide, Kill- ing, Burglary, Rape of women, unlawful Conspiracy or Con- federacy, and shall be thereof lawfully convicted ; and if any of the said Person or Persons hereinbefore mentioned or any other Person or Persons who shall by virtue of these Presents and of the Grant hereby made, from time to time become possessed of any of the said Fifty Acres of Land shall at any time hire, keep, lodge, board, or employ within the limits of the said Province of Georgia any person or persons being Black or Blacks, Negroe or Negroes, or any other Person or Persons being a Slave or Slaves, on any account whatsoever without the special leave and licence of the said Common Council (for the time being) of the said 'Trustees, that then and from thenceforth in any or either of the aforesaid cases it shall be lawful to and for the said Trustees for establishing the Colony of Georgia in America and their Succes- sors into and upon the said Fifty Acres of Land hereby granted
160
THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.
of such person so offending, and upon any and every part thereof in the name of the whole to reenter and the same to have again, retain, repossess and enjoy as if this present grant had never been made ; And all and every such Person or Persons so neglecting, or misbehaving him or themselves in any or either of the cases aforesaid, and all other the occupyers and possessors of the said Fifty Acres of Land (to such person so misbehaving as aforesaid belonging) or any part or parcel thereof, thereout and from thence utterly to expel, put out, and amove ; And also upon the Entry in any of the cases before mentioned of such Officer or Officers who shall by the said Common Council (for the time being) be for that purpose authorized and appointed, the Grant hereby made of the said Fifty Acres of Land unto such Person so misbehaving as aforesaid shall cease, determine, and become void.
"In Witness Whereof the said Thomas Christie, and William Calvert have hereunto set their Hands and Seals this twenty-first day of December in the year of Our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred Thirty and Three.
"THOS. CHRISTIE [L S]. "WM. CALVERT [L S]."
Attached to the foregoing conveyance is the following schedule exhibiting the names of the Grantees and the numbers and loca- tions of their respective gardens and farms : -
Gardens. Farms.
Gardens.
Farins.
PERCIVAL WARD.
MORE TYTHING.
No.
I.
8
Robert More,
William Brownjohn. HOLLAND TYTHING. SLOPER TYTHING. Henry Parker,
M. 7
Robert Hanks,
Thomas Gapen,
Thomas Egerton,
Francis Delgrass,
Jolin Desborough,
Jeremiah Papot, Peter Baillou,
John Kelly,
James Papot.
John Lawrence,
HEATIICOTE WARD.
45 E.
EYLES TYTHING.
No.
N. O.
Jacob Yowel,
65 W.
1
LAROCHE TYTHING.
Samnel Parker, Jun',
32 W.
7
Abraham Minis,
51 W.
6
Jacob Lopez de Cras- to, David de Pas.
42 W. 27 W.
James Turner,
9
Thomas Atwell,
2
VERNON TYTHING.
P.
IInghi Frazier,
5
BELITHA TYTHING.
Q.
John Graham,
3
Samuel Marcer,
4
James Willoughby,
L.
Robert Potter,
Lewis Bowen,
Thomas Chenter. HUCKS TYTHING. John Millidge,
K. 10
161
NAMES OF GRANTEES.
Gardens.
Farms.
Joseph Coles,
65 E.
3
DERBY WARD.
Thomas Tibbit,
51 E.
8
John Dearn,
24 E.
2
No.
A.
John Wright.
1 E.
5
John Goddard,
33 E.
5
Walter Fox,
12 E.
4
DECKER'S WARD.
No.
E.
James Carwall,
61 E.
6
John Clark,
34 E.
5
Richard Cannon,
62 E.
5
36 W.
2
Frances, Reliet of Dr. William Cox,
52 E.
7
George Sims,
41 E.
10
Edward Johnson,
36 E.
1
Roliet of John Samms,
7 E.
3
riquez,
23 E.
6
Eliz beth. Reliet of
64 E.
2
CARPENTER TYTHING. Noble Jones,
29 E.
6
Mary, Relict of Josh- ua Overend,
51 E.
9
Paul Cheeswright,
40 E.
5
Francis Mugridge,
37 E.
2
Samuel Nunez Ribi- ero,
63 W.
3
Robert Johnson,
42 E.
6
John Musgrove,
45 E.
9
William Horn,
59 E.
5
Noble Wimberly Jones,
25 E.
8
Joseph IInghes,
26 E.
4
Daniel Ribiero,
43 W.
2
Mary, Relict of Rich- ard llodges,
36 E.
10
Charles Philip Rog- ers,
47 E.
10
James Muir,
48 E.
7
Thomas Christie,
3 E.
8
Moses Nunez Ribie- r'o,
64 W.
4
Joseph Cooper.
27 E.
3
Robert Gilbert.
2 E.
1
TYRCONNEL TYTHING. John West,
13 E.
3
TOWER TYTHING.
James Willson,
63 E.
8
Edward Jenkins, Sen',
40 W.
2
Thomas Pratt,
57 E.
5
Jacob Lopez d'Oli- vero,
30 W.
7
Timothy Bowling,
4 E.
2
William Savory,
33 W.
3
Elizabeth, Reliet of 'Thomas Millidge, Elizabeth, Relict of|
66 E.
6
Edward Jenkins, Jun",
68 W.
9
William Little,
60 E.
7
Isaae de Val.
70 W.
H.
Samnel Parker, Sen',
49 E.
9
Daniel Tibbeau,
39 E.
1
David
Cohen del
61 W.
30
FREDERICK TYTHING.
Joseph Stanley,
34 E.
6
Robert Clark,
9 E.
3
Robert Hows,
Peter Gordon,
10 E.
7
Hows,
Thomas Causton,
8 E.
10
John Vanderplank,
5 E.
9
Peter Tondee.
Thomas Young,
38 E.
1
Abraham Nunez Monte Santo,
34 W.
F.
JEKYLL TYTHING.
37 E.
9
Isaac Nunez Hen-
33 W.
7
William Mears,
Moses le Desma.
41 W.
10
Julin Warren.
B.
William Mackay,
97 W.
Thomas Ellis,
35 E.
9
.Joseph Fitzwalter,
53 E.
S
John Grady,
DIGBY TYTHING.
WILMINGTON ING.
TYTH-
Gardens.
Farms.
After the surrender of their charter by the trustees, and upon the establishment of a royal government for Georgia, the early cessions of lots within the corporate limits of Savannah, although
11
-
Ilenry Close.
6 E.
10
Monte,
D.
Benjamin Shaftell,
72 W.
6
Bearsley Gough,
23 E.
5
44 E.
G.
William Waterland,
22 E.
4
John Penrose,
30 E.
1
HEATHCOTE TYTHING.
C.
William Gough,
162
TIIE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.
signed by the colonial governor, were made in the name of the king of England, of his "special grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion." The grantee took in free and common socage, with a rent reservation of one pepper-corn payable yearly, if demanded. He also covenanted to erect a house upon the lot within two years from the date of the grant. Should he fail to build within the two years, he further stipulated, upon the ex- piration of that period, to pay annually to the Crown the sum of £1. Should no building be placed upon the lot within ten years from the date of the grant, it then reverted to the Crown.
During the administration of the affairs of the colony by the trustees, grants for tracts containing more than fifty acres were, upon application and approval, sealed by the common council and transmitted ; or some one was selected in the colony and empowered, in the name of the trust, to make the desired con- veyance. These alienations at first were all in tail male, and upon conditions which will hereafter be fully considered.
Upon the erection of the royal government these larger tracts were held of the Crown in free and common socage ; the grantee covenanting to pay within three years from the date of the grant, on the 25th of March in each year, two shillings for every hun- dred acres granted, to clear and work at least three acres in every fifty acres " of plantable land," and also to keep a specified amount of stock on grazing lands.
On the 12th of August, 1755, the Lords of the Regency issued instructions requiring the grantees to cultivate three acres in every fifty which might be granted, and for every fifty acres con- veyed to place and maintain at least three head of neat cattle, or six sheep or goats.
CHAPTER XI.
OGLETHORPE MAKES A RECONNAISSANCE OF THE SOUTHERN FRONTIER OF THE PROVINCE. - HE INSPECTS FORT ARGYLE. - INDUCEMENTS OFFERED TO THE SALZBURGERS TO EMIGRATE TO GEORGIA. - THEIR SETTLEMENT AT EBENEZER. - VON RECK'S DESCRIPTION OF SAVANNAH. - HIS TRIBUTE TO OGLETHORPE. - PALACHOCOLAS. - RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES ON BEHALF OF THE TRUST. - OGLETHORPE DEPARTS FOR ENGLAND.
THE colonists at Savannah and in its vicinity having been ac- commodated in an orderly manner, and the business of the plan- tation proceeding in a satisfactory way, Mr. Oglethorpe, desiring to acquaint himself with the southern boundary of the province and to ascertain its capabilities for defense against the Spaniards, on the morning of the 23d of January, 1734, accompanied by Captain Ferguson and sixteen attendants, among whom were two Indian guides, set out in a large row-boat on a tour of observation. He was followed by a yawl laden with provisions and ammuni- tion. Having navigated the interior waters which separate the main from the outer islands looking upon the Atlantic, and hay- ing taken general note of the intermediate headlands, rivers, and sounds, he reached the " first Albany bluff " of St. Simon's Island on the evening of the 27th and there landed. Although the rain fell in torrents, the party, sheltered by the dense foliage of a large live-oak, passed the night in comparative comfort. The next day Oglethorpe proceeded to the sea-point of St. Simon's, and sub- sequently examined an island which, in honor of his friend, Sir Joseph Jekyll, Master of the Rolls, he named Jekyll. A some- what careful inspection of the mouths of the Alatamalia River and of the adjacent region convinced him it was expedient for the proper defense of the colony that a military station and set- tlement should, at the earliest practicable moment, be formed on the main near the embouchure of that river; and that, as an outpost, and protection of its entrance from the sea, a strong fort should be constructed on St. Simon's Island. During this recon- noissance he selected those sites which subsequently were peopled and known as New Inverness and Frederica.
On his return he ascended the Great Ogeechee River to examine
164
THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.
into the condition of Fort Argyle. Here, for the first time since his departure from Thunderbolt, he " lay in a house and upon a bed." He was pleased with the activity and intelligent labors of Captain McPherson. Fort Argyle was already finished and was pronounced in a defensible condition. It was " well flanked," and several guns were in position. This fort was designed to com- mand the passage of the river, and lay across the trail by which the Indians from the south were accustomed to advance against South Carolina. That trail led to the Savannah River at a point just opposite the old Indian village of Palachocolas.
The funds collected by the trustees had been well-nigh ex- hausted by expenditures in behalf of the colonization when their treasury was handsomely replenished through the munificence of the general government. Of the moneys realized from the sale of lands in the island of St. Christopher, the sum of ten thousand pounds was, in pursuance of a resolution of the House of Com- mons adopted on motion of Sir Charles Turner, paid over to the trustees for establishing the colony of Georgia in America, to be by them applied " towards defraying the charges of carrying over and settling foreign and other Protestants in said colony." This timely relief enabled the trustees to accomplish a purpose from the execution of which they had been prevented by a want of money. Rightly had they, in the administration of the trust, given a preference to English Protestants desirous of seeking homes in the New World. Now, however, they were justified in enlarging the scope of their charity because the resolution, in obedience to which this liberal benefaction was made, contem- plated in terms the colonization of foreign Protestants.
During the four years commencing in 1729 and ending in 1732, more than thirty thousand Salzburgers, impelled by the fierce persecutions of Leopold, abandoned their homes in the broad valley of the Salza and sought refuge in Prussia, Holland, and England, where their past sufferings and present wants en- listed the profound sympathy of Protestant communities. In the public indignation engendered by their unjustifiable and inhu- man treatment, and in the general desire to alleviate their suf- ferings, Oglethorpe and the trustees fully shared. An asylum in Georgia was offered. The suggestion commended itself to the approval of the Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowl- edge, and a correspondence was opened with a view to ascertain- ing whether any of these oppressed and exiled people would con- sent to become British subjects and embark for Georgia. In
165
INVITATION TO SALZBURGERS.
proof of their readiness to render substantial encouragement and aid to such as desired to go under the auspices of the trust, the common council, on the 15th of December, 1733, passed the fol- lowing resolutions : -
" Resolved, That the Trustees for establishing a Colony in Georgia, in America, do greatly approve the proposal of the Society for promoting Christian knowledge for defraying the ex- pence of settling certain of the poor Saltzburghers in Georgia in America, and will readily join and concur in sending and set- tling so many of them as by the contributions which the said Society shall transmit to the Trustees, and what other money the Trustees shall for that purpose receive, shall be enabled to send and settle in the said Colony.
" Resolved, That the said Society be desired to inquire, by their Correspondents in Germany, in the name of the said Trus- tees, whether any of the said Saltzburghers will be willing to be- come British subjects and to settle in the said Colony of Georgia on the terms to be offered by the said Trustees.
" Resolved, That the said Society be desired to publish such further Accounts of the deplorable state of the poor Saltzburgh- ers as they shall think proper, and at the same time to make publick the design of the said Society jointly with the said Trustees to apply such contributions as shall be received for the relief of the said poor Saltzburghers to the settling as many of them as they shall be able as British Subjects in Georgia in America.
" Agreed to the following Articles for the poor Saltzburghers to go to Georgia, viz : -
" Ist. The Trustees will defray, as far as their contributions will enable them, the charges of passage and provisions for the voyage to Georgia in America of such Emigrants, Girnberghers, or Exiles from Bertoldsgoden as are persecuted for the Protes- tant Religion.
" 2nd. To all those who want it, some allowance will be made for tools.
" 3rd. On their arrival in Georgia each family will have provis- ions given them, gratis, till they can take in their harvest, and also seed will be there given them sufficient to sow the lands they shall in the first year make ready for sowing.
" 4th. Every man shall be entitled to three lots, viz : a Lot for house and yard within the Town, a Lot for Garden plots near the Town, and a Lot for tillage at a small distance from the Town
--
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166
THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.
sufficient in the whole to give a comfortable subsistence to them- selves and families : and that they shall have the said lands free- hold to themselves and their heirs male forever.
"5th. That they shall obey such orders and regulations for the maintenance of property, peace, and good government, as the Trustees shall think necessary from time to time to establish ; and on their arrival shall assist each other in clearing their Lands, building houses, and such other works as shall be neces- sary for their mutual safety in common with his Majesty's other subjects there.
"6th. That they, upon their settling in Georgia, shall become Denizens, and have all the rights and privileges of Englishmen.
"7th. That they shall be protected in the free exercise of their Religion and in the full enjoyment of all the civil and religious rights of the free subjects of Great Britain."
To a communication addressed to the Reverend Samuel Urls- perger, the venerable Elder of the Salzburgers, inquiring whether any members of his congregation would be disposed to join the colonists in Georgia if measures were adopted for their comforta- ble transportation to and proper settlement in the province, a favorable response was returned. The Society for the Propaga- tion of Christian Knowledge engaged to transport from Rotter- dam to Dover such as should present themselves, and chartered a vessel for that purpose. At Dover they were to be received by the trustees and forwarded at their charge to Georgia. Advised of these arrangements, forty-two men with their families, num- bering in all seventy-eight souls, set out on foot for Rotterdam. They came from the town of Berchtolsgaden and its vicinity. Arriving at Angsburg, they were the recipients of many kind- nesses not only from Lutheran congregations, but also from all classes of society. Three carts were presented to them : one to transport their luggage, and the other two to convey their feeble women and children. Departing thence on the 21st of October, 1733, under the conduct of Baron Philip George Frederick Von Reck, by slow stages, in which they were in turn subjected to insult and blessings, they made their way to Frankfort. There embarking upon the Main, and sailing down the Rhine, they reached Rotterdam on the 27th of November. At this city they were joined by their chosen religious teachers, the Reverend John Martin Bolzius and Israel Christian Gronau. On the 2d of De- cember they embarked for England. So contrary were the winds and so tempestuous was the voyage that the ship in which they
167
ARRIVAL OF THE SALZBURGERS.
were conveyed did not come to anchor at Dover until the 21st of that month. There they were visited by the trustees, who ad- ministered to them the oath of loyalty to the British Crown and supplied them with many comforts.
On the 8th of January, 1734 (O. S.), having a favorable wind, they departed in the ship Purisburg for Savannah. " A universal, joy appeared among the Saltzburgers who praised God that he had heard their prayers." After a protracted and stormy pas- sage these pious, industrious, and honest emigrants, at one o'clock in the afternoon of the 7th of March, 1734, reached Charlestown, South Carolina. Mr. Oglethorpe, who chanced to be there at the time, "sent on board our ship," says the Baron Von Reck in his entertaining journal, " by the Pilot's Sloop, a large Quantity of fresh Beef, two Butts of Wine, two Tunn of Spring Water, Cabbage, Turnips, Radishes, Fruit, &c. as a present from the Trustees to refresh the Saltzburghers after their long Voyage."
Arrangements were made for conducting the Purisburg with- out delay to Savannah, and that river was entered three days af- terwards. It was Reminiscere Sunday, according to the Lutheran calendar, - the gospel of the day being " Our Blessed Saviour came to the Borders of the Heathen after He had been persecuted in His own Country." " Lying in fine and calm weather, under the Shore of our beloved Georgia, where we heard the Birds sing melodiously, every Body in the ship was joyful." So wrote the Reverend Mr. Bolzius, the faithful attendant and spiritual guide of this Protestant band. He tells us also that two days subse- quently, when the ship arrived at the place of landing, "almost all the Inhabitants of the Town of Savannah were gather'd to- gether ; they fired off some Cannons, and cried Huzzah! which was answer'd by our Sailors and other English People in our Ship in the same manner. Some of us were immediately fetch'd on Shore in a Boat, and carried about the City, into the woods, and the new Garden belonging to the Trustees. In the meantime a very good Dinner was prepared for us: And the Saltzburgers, who had yet fresh Meat in the Ship, when they came on shore, they got very good and wholesome English strong Beer. And besides the Inhabitants shewing them a great deal of Kindness, and the Country pleasing them, they were full of Joy and praised God for it." 1
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