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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41
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REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01083 8438
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A HISTORY OF 6th THE SIXTH IOWA INFANTRY
BY HENRY H. WRIGHT
PUBLISHED AT IOWA CITY IOWA IN 1923 BY THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF IOWA . ...
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1750503
A HISTORY OF THE SIXTH IOWA INFANTRY
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012
http://archive.org/details/historyofsixthi00wrig
1110509
F Wright, Henry H
1840-1905.
8349
.3037
A history of the Sixth Towa infantry, by Henry H. Wright. Towa City, Ta., The State historical society of Iowa, 1923.
xii, 539 p. . 23°m.
1. Towa infantry. 6th regt., 1861-1865. 2. U. S. -- Hist. -- Civil war- Regimental histories -- Ia. inf .-- 6th. I. Iowa. State historical society.
CHELP CARD
339761
24-27100
Library of Congress
JE507.5.6th W
(3-2
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EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION
This History of the Sixth Jowa Infantry was written by General Henry II. Wright who began work on it in 1898 after having been elected regimental historian at-a reunion of the regiment. Not having been pub- lished prior to the death of General Wright in 1905, the manuscript, together with the author's notes, was turned over to Eugene C. Haynes who had been a First Lieutenant in Company D and had lost his right arm at Atlanta. Later Mr. Haynes sent the material to the Historical Department at Des Moines.
It was during the National Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic at Des Moines in 1922 that surviving members of the Sixth Iowa Infantry made inquiry concerning the publication of General Wright's manuscript. Auditor of State Glenn C. Haynes, son of Eugene C. Haynes, and Judge Jesse Miller, whose father had served as a Lieutenant Colo- - nel in the Sixth Iowa, volunteered to see what could be done in the matter. After consultation with Gov- ernor N. E. Kendall and Superintendent of Printing Robert Henderson, the manuscript was submitted to the State Historical Society of Iowa for publication.
One section comprising about forty pages of the history as compiled by General Wright has already appeared in print, as an account of the battle of -
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EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION
Shiloh, published in The Iowegian, at Centerville, Iowa, April 3, 7, and 10, 1903.
This volume is a detailed history of one of Iowa's most famous Civil War regiments from the time it was mustered into the United States Volunteer Service at Camp Warren, Burlington, Iowa, on July 17 and 18, 1861, to the time when the final pay and discharge papers were received at Camp Mcclellan, Davenport, Iowa, on July 28, 1865.
It is fitting that the record of this regiment should be published, not only that the survivors might have a record of their deeds, but that the present and future generations might be inspired by their pa- triotism and heroism. During the Civil War it ap- pears that Iowa, which the census of 1860 credited with a population of only 674,916, furnished nine regiments of cavalry, forty-eight regiments of in- fantry, and four batteries of artillery. None of these had a more brilliant record than the Sixth Iowa. In- scribed on its records are such engagements as Shiloh, Jackson, Chattanooga, and Atlanta. It accompanied Sherman on his famous march to the sea and on his Carolina campaign.
Notes accompanying the author's manuscript show that, while eight hundred and eighty-four men were originally mustered into the regiment, a total of one thousand one hundred and six men were enrolled in its ranks between 1861 and 1865. Out of this num-
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EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION
ber, one hundred and fifty were killed or died of wounds, one hundred and twenty-four died of disease, four hundred and eight were wounded, and eighty- two were taken prisoners. So many men were lost through death, disability, discharge, and other causes that only two hundred and seventy-three remained to be mustered out at the close of the war.
It is evident from the material accompanying the manuscript that General Wright intended to publish, in connection with this history, a biographical sketch of each man enrolled in the regiment. At the time of his death he had compiled several hundred such accounts and had secured portraits of about one hun- dred and seventy members.
In writing this history it is clear that General Wright made liberal use of the War of the Rebellion : Official Records and that he had access to the regi- mental and company rosters, of which he had complete copies. His notes indicate that he also used a diary kept by Sergeant Marcellus Westenhaver, a member of Company D. He further reenforced his own memory by an extended correspondence with surviv- ing members of the regiment. As a result he was able to give an intimate account of the regiment's activities with many anecdotes of army life. While emphasizing the part played by the Sixth Iowa, Gen- eral Wright has not failed to show its connection with the larger organizations - the brigade, division, corps, and army.
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EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION
Henry H. Wright, the author of this history, was born in Wayne County, Indiana, on February 26, 1840. From there he removed to Centerville, Iowa. When the Civil War began he enlisted in what be- came Company D of the Sixth Iowa Infantry. He served as a private, corporal, and sergeant, and on January 1, 1865, was commissioned as Second Lieu- tenant. When the company was mustered out, on July 21, 1865, he was discharged with the rank of First Sergeant. He was reputed to have been one of eight men who accompanied the regiment through all of its four years of war experience.
After the war he returned to Centerville, and from 1866 to 1874 he served as sheriff of Appanoose Coun- ty. In 1878 he joined the National Guard and was clected First Sergeant of Company E, Fifth Regi- ment. He then served successively as Second Lieu- tenant, Captain, Colonel, and Brigadier General until February 1, 1896, when he was appointed by Governor F. M. Drake to be Adjutant General with the rank of Major General in the National Guard. He held this office until February 1, 1898, after which he en- gaged in the abstract business at Centerville. Dur- ing these years he devoted much of his time to the task of compiling this history -a work which was interrupted by his death on April 28, 1905.
Though General Wright had completed the history of the regiment, the manuscript was not in final form for publication and consequently has required con-
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EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION
siderable editing. While the history is here published practically as it was written, some minor changes have been made. Wrongly spelled words have been corrected ; punctuation has been changed to some ex- tent; and carelessly written sentences have been re- vised so as to make the meaning clear. It has also been found advisable in some cases to change the paragraphing by dividing some paragraphs and com- bining others. In a similar manner an attempt has been made to more nearly equalize the length of the chapters. For example, what is now the first chapter was included in two chapters in the original man- uscript. On the other hand, the account now con- tained in Chapters XVII, XVIII, XIX, and XX was originally embraced in one chapter.
Not only has the manuscript been edited to this extent, but it has been verified as carefully as pos- sible. Statements of facts have been checked with the War of the Rebellion: Official Records, with the Reports of the Adjutant General of the State of Iowa, and with other sources. Quotations have been verified, and in the comparatively few instances where there were discrepancies between the facts presented in the manuscript and those found in other sources, foot- notes have been inserted. In a few instances brackets have been used in the text to enclose explanations of unfamiliar terms or to indicate obvious errors. At the same time it has been the purpose to modify the original as little as possible. On the whole, the reader will find this history accurate and reliable.
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EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION
The editing, verification, and preparation of Gen- eral Wright's manuscript for the press is largely the work of Dr. Erik McKinley Eriksson who deserves great credit for his careful and critical work. The index was prepared by Mr. J. A. Swisher.
BENJ. F. SHAMBAUGH
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT AND EDITOR THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF IOWA IOWA CITY IOWA 1923
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CONTENTS
EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION V
I. THE CALL TO ARMS
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II. THE FIRST HOSTILITIES 13
III. MISSOURI CAMPS 25
IV. CAMPAIGNING IN MISSOURI 37
V. ON TO SHILOH 57
VI. THE BATTLE OF SHILOH 76
VII. AFTER THE BATTLE OF SHILOH 93
VIII. CORINTH AND MEMPHIS . 106
IX. CAMP AT MEMPHIS 127
X. THE YOCKNA MARCH 142
XI. WINTER CAMP AT GRAND JUNCTION 162
XII. RAIDS IN NORTH MISSISSIPPI 177
XIII. VICKSBURG AND JONES FORD . 193
XIV. THE JACKSON CAMPAIGN 206
XV. CHATTANOOGA 219
XVI. KNOXVILLE AND SCOTTSBORO 244
XVII. THE BATTLE OF RESACA . 261
XVIII. DALLAS: NEW HOPE CHURCH : BIG SHANTY 275
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CONTENTS
XIX. THE BATTLE OF KENESAW MOUNTAIN 290
XX. EZRA CHURCH AND JONESBOROUGHI 309
XXI. THE PURSUIT OF HOOD . . 333
XXII. THE BATTLE OF GRISWOLDVILLE 355
XXIII. THE MARCH TO THE SEA 372
XXIV. THE ADVANCE ON COLUMBIA . 392
XXV. THE MARCH TO FAYETTEVILLE 409
XXVI. FAYETTEVILLE TO GOLDSBOROUGH . 425
XXVII. GOLDSBOROUGH TO RALEIGH 439
XXVIII. RALEIGH TO WASHINGTON 459
XXIX. HOMEWARD MARCH: MUSTER OUT 477
INDEX
497
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THE CALL TO ARMS
It is the task assumed in compiling these pages to trace the course of events in a mighty struggle, and faithfully describe the battles, skirmishes, incidents, toils, dangers, and hardships endured by the men who composed the rank and file of the Sixth Iowa Infantry Volunteers in the War of the Rebellion, from 1861 to 1865.
For the purpose of this narrative, it is not deemed necessary to refer to the political history of the country leading up to that period, which witnessed the climax of the long impending strife between the north and south sections of the country -- the free and the slave portions of the Union.
The Federal government at Washington City and the people of the northern States, with great unanimity and enthusiasm, recognized the southern insurrection to be a gigantic rebellion to divide and destroy the American Union; while the southern people, with equal enthusiasm and unanimity of purpose, conceived the idea that it was a struggle for the preservation of constitutional freedom, local self government, and the protection of their insti- tutions and property -including negro slavery.
The hostile guns in Charleston harbor that fired on the American flag floating over Fort Sumter on that eventful morning of April 12, 1861 -- "heard around the world" - aroused the people of the northern States to a realiza- tion of the critical situation confronting the government at Washington.
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SIXTH IOWA INFANTRY
President Lincoln's proclamation for 75,000 volun- teers, to suppress the insurrection and reestablish the authority of the government quickly followed, and the news spread into every hamlet and home in the State. Governor Samuel J. Kirkwood took prompt action under the call for troops, and the broad prairies of the young State of Iowa were soon resounding with music for the Union. The patriotic enthusiasm of the young men who enrolled as volunteers at every village, town, and neigh- borhood throughout the State was unbounded.
Companies in the large towns and cities were organized first and filled the State quota under the first call for vol- unteers to serve for three months; but active recruiting went on in anticipation of additional calls and requisitions by the government. Patriotic ardor and enthusiasm in- creased among the people as the prospects for war de- veloped, till organized companies and detachments were marching and drilling in every neighborhood. It was under such inspiring circumstances that the organizations which afterwards composed the ten companies forming the Sixth Iowa Infantry Volunteers were enrolled under the laws of the State.
Governor Kirkwood had recognized the following or- ganizations as companies, under the State laws, pending the further requisitions of the government, viz: "Marion Light Guards", Captain Hosea W. Gray, at Marion, Linn County; "Lucas County Guards", Captain Daniel Ise- minger, at Chariton, Lucas County; "Union Guards", Captain David M. Stump, at Eldora, Hardin County ; "Appanoose Volunteers", Captain Madison M. Walden, at Centerville, Appanoose County ; "Monroe Guards", Cap- tain Henry Saunders, at Albia, Monroe County ; "Clarke County Guards", Captain Samuel P. Glenn, at Osceola,
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THE GALL TO ARMS
Clarke County; "Union Guards", Captain John Wil- liams, at North Liberty, Johnson County; "Montrose Guards", Captain Washington Galland, at Montrose, Lee County ; "Burlington Blues", Captain Joseph S. Halli- day, at Burlington, Des Moines County ; and the "Tippe- canoe Guards", Captain Richard E. White, at Rome, Henry County.
The second call for troops was made soon after the first, and was for volunteers to serve three years or dur- ing the war. Under that call the Second and Third In- fantry regiments were organized and mustered into the U. S. Volunteer Service, during the month of May. A most determined effort was made by all the enrolled com- panies in the State to secure a place in these two regi- ments, and those who failed -- most of them - gave up getting into the service at all. At some of the stations the companies partly disbanded and the men were allowed to seek service in more favored organizations. During the month of June three more regiments of infantry and one of cavalry were called for by the Governor of the State and ordered to rendezvous in the city of Burlington. The enrolled companies designated to fill these regiments were ordered into quarters June 25th, whereupon they assembled at their respective stations, and commenced drilling and preparing for actual service. Active re- cruiting was at once commenced in all the companies to fill the ranks up to the required number, and for that purpose partly organized companies and small squads from adjacent villages were consolidated with the com- panies at county seats or those of other towns which had been ordered into quarters. It was by such an arrange- ment that Edwin F. Alden, with a squad from Hopeville, Clarke County, and George Alverson, with a few men
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from Corydon, Wayne County, joined the "Lucas County Guards" at Chariton; H. C. Clock, with the men enlisted in Franklin County, and William H. Oviatt from Iowa Falls joined Captain Stump at Eldora and became a part of the "Red Shirt" company; David C. Ely, with the Marion County men and the crowd from Lovilla, en- listed under Captain Saunders at Albia; Captain Wil- liams organized at Iowa City with his "Union Guards" from North Liberty and squads from Oxford, Cedar Bluffs, Copi, Dayton and Solon; George R. Nunn, with the Keokuk squad, consolidated with the "Montrose Guards" under Captain Galland; the "Burlington Blues" reorganized under Captain Fabian Brydolf and took in the remnant of the company at Wapello, Louisa County; and Captain White, with his "Tippecanoe Guards", join- ed Captain Wilson D. Deniston at Mount Pleasant, Henry County, and organized with Deniston as Captain, James Brunaugh as First-Lieutenant and Richard E. White as Second-Lieutenant, having embraced in the company the squads from New London, Salem and Hillsboro in Henry County and the small contingent from Athens, Clarke County, Missouri. The reorganizations and consolida- tions thus effected caused some friction among those who contemplated serving as officers, but those who refused to go in the ranks or in subordinate positions were al- lowed to drop out and remain at home.
When the orders were received for the companies to proceed to the rendezvous in Burlington, on July 8th, nearly all were ready to march with their ranks full. Those located in the interior of the State made long journeys in farm wagons to the Mississippi River and to the western termini of the two or three short lines of railroad, then in operation in the eastern portion of the State.
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THE CALL TO ARMS
The Des Moines County Fair Grounds, located in the high country just back of the city of Burlington, were selected as the rendezvous camp for the infantry regi- ments, and named Camp Warren in honor of the Hon- orable Fitz Henry Warren of that city, who had been commissioned as Colonel of the First Iowa Cavalry Regi- ment, then in process of organization at the cavalry camp near Camp Warren.
The ten companies were all assembled in Camp Warren, on July 12th ready to be mustered into the United States Volunteer Service for the war. The companies which were to compose the Fifth and Seventh regiments of in- fantry were also assembled in Camp Warren at the same time, making a force of nearly 3000 men. Such a large number of men suddenly brought together from nearly every calling in life, but mostly from the farms, taxed to the utmost the limited resources of the State. Facilities and accommodations for the comfort and subsistence of the men were meager, and the officers and authorities were unskilled as to their care.
The meals were furnished by contractors and served in the large halls and sheds connected with the fair grounds, where the men assembled by the hundreds with- out much regard to order, and ate almost ravenously of the great heaps of meat, bread, and vegetables, and bar- rels of coffee and tea.
On July 17, 1861, at Camp Warren, in the city of Bur- lington, Des Moines County, Iowa, the organization of the Sixth Iowa Infantry Volunteers was effected with field and staff officers commissioned as follows: Colonel, John Adair McDowell of Keokuk; Major, John Murray Corse of Burlington; Assistant-Surgeon, John E. Lake of Marion; Chaplain, John Ufford of Muscatine.
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SIXTH IOWA INFANTRY
Companies were accepted and assigned as follows: ---
COMPANY A
"Marion Light Guards" of Marion, Linn County: Captain, Hosea W. Gray; First-Lieutenant, Tarlton Caldwell; Second-Lieutenant, Willard H. Harland; 13 non-commissioned officers, 1 musician, 1 wagoner, and 69 privates; total, 87 men; mustered in, July 17, 1861. 1
COMPANY B
"Lucas County Guards" of Chariton, Lucas County : Captain, Daniel Iseminger; First-Lieutenant, Emmet B. Woodward; Second-Lieutenant, Eugene E. Edwards; 13 non-commissioned officers, 2 musicians, 1 wagoner, and * 66 privates ; total, 85 men; mustered in, July 17, 1861.
COMPANY C
"Union Guards" of Eldora, Hardin County: Captain, David M. Stump; First-Lieutenant, Abraham B. Harris; Second-Lieutenant, Philander Lockard; 12 non-commis- sioned officers, 1 musician, 1 wagoner, and 66 privates; total, 83 men; mustered in, July 17, 1861.
COMPANY D
"Appanoose Volunteers" of Centerville, Appanoose County : Captain, Madison M. Walden ; First-Lieutenant, John L. Bashore; Second-Lieutenant, William A. E. Rhodes; 13 non-commissioned officers, 2 musicians, 1 wagoner, and 68 privates; total, 87 men; mustered in, July 17, 1861.1
COMPANY E "Monroe Guards" of Albia, Monroe County: Captain,
1 The roster of Company D lists only one musician and a total of eighty- six men. - Report of the Adjutant General of Iowa, 1861, pp. 133-135.
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THE CALL TO ARMS
Henry Saunders; First-Lieutenant, Calvin Kelsey; Sec- ond-Lieutenant, Leander C. Allison ; 13 non-commissioned officers, 2 musicians, 1 wagoner, and 68 privates; total, 87 men; mustered in, July 17, 1861.
COMPANY F
"Clarke County Guards" of Osceola, Clarke County : Captain, Samuel P. Glenn ; First-Lieutenant, Calvin Min- ton; Second-Lieutenant, John T. Grimes; 13 non-com- missioned officers, 2 musicians, 1 wagoner, and 65 pri- vates; total, 84 men; mustered in, July 17, 1861.
COMPANY G
"Union Guards"' of North Liberty and Iowa City, Johnson County: Captain, John Williams; First-Lieu- tenant, Alexander J. Miller; Second-Lieutenant, Joseph M. Douglas; 13 non-commissioned officers, 2 musicians, and 65 privates ; total, 83 men ; mustered in, July 18, 1861.
COMPANY H
"Montrose Guards" of Montrose, Lee County: Cap- tain, Washington Galland; First-Lieutenant, Rufus Good- nough; Second-Lieutenant, George R. Nunn; 13 non- commissioned officers, 2 musicians, 1 wagoner, and 66 privates; total, 85 men; mustered in, July 17, 1861.2
COMPANY I
"Burlington Blues" of Burlington, Des Moines Coun- ty: Captain, Fabian Brydolf; First-Lieutenant, Joseph S. Halliday; Second-Lieutenant, Samuel B. Philips; 13 non-commissioned officers, 1 wagoner, and 69 privates; total, 86 men; mustered in, July 18, 1861.
2 The State Adjutant General's report gives the total rank and file of Company H as eighty-four men. - Report of the Adjutant General of Iowa, 1861, pp. 142-144.
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SIXTH IOWA INFANTRY.
COMPANY K
"Tippecanoe Guards" of Rome and Mount Pleasant, Henry County: Captain, Wilson D. Deniston; First- Lieutenant, James Brunaugh; Second-Lieutenant, Rich- ard E. White; 13 non-commissioned officers, 1 musician, 1 wagoner, and 73 privates; total, 91 men; mustered in, July 18, 1861.3
Lieutenant Emmet B. Woodward was at once selected and assigned to duty as Regimental Adjutant, and Lieu- tenant James Brunaugh as Regimental Quartermaster. Regimental non-commissioned officers were selected and appointed, as follows: sergeant-major, Beverly Searcy - promoted from first-sergeant of Company I; quarter- master-sergeant, William H. Clune -promoted from private in Company D; commissary-sergeant, Byron K. Cowles, - promoted from private in Company A.
Philander Lockard was mustered in as Second- Lieutenant in Company C, with the understanding that Robert Allison, who had been elected to the position and commissioned by the Governor of Iowa, but who was then at home recruiting for the company, should have the posi- tion on his return to the company. According to the agreement Lockard resigned, July 22nd, and was re- mustered into the company as a private, and Robert Allison was duly mustered and commissioned as Second- Lieutenant in the company, on July 22, 1861.
Under the personal supervision of Colonel McDowell the organization of a regimental band was begun, and the following skilled musicians were mustered into the U. S. Volunteer Service: Richard Maddern as leader, and
3 The roster of Company K in the Adjutant General's report does not list any musician. It lists five wagoners and a total of ninety men. - Report of the Adjutant General of Iowa, 1861, pp. 147-149.
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THE CALL TO ARMS
Sigismond I. Gates, Charles Hirt, Julius C. Wright, Wil- liam Maddern, Morris Peck, Edward Pipe, George Robertson, and George W. Titus, as musicians.
The young men composing the rank and file of the regiment were drawn from the best brain and brawn and the best pioneer blood of the western prairies. Their parents had emigrated in an early day to the new country then opening up west of the Mississippi River, where they were inured to the severities of rugged pioneer life. With the glow of health on their cheeks, the fire of patri- olic enthusiasm sparkling in their eyes, their hearts swelling with manly pride, honest but untutored in the wiles of the world, earnest in their devotions to the principles of liberty, they were ready and willing to try the pending issue at arms squarely, and never flinch or quail, when the day of trial and danger should come.
The Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh regiments of infantry which had assembled in Camp Warren, together with the troops in the cavalry camps, formed a body of men very imposing and quite formidable as a military force, in the eyes of the young volunteers.
The nice distinctions of military etiquette to be ob- served in social relations between the officers and en- listed men had not been learned at that time, and it was not an unusual occurrence to see officers engaged with the men in all the athletic sports and amusements of the camps. It was a source of much satisfaction and pride for the men of the Sixth Regiment, when Captain Walden of Company D proved to be the champion jumper in the camp.
The daily news of conflicts in Virginia and fierce skir- mishes in Kentucky and Missouri between the hastily organized forces on both sides, which were dignified as
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battles at that time, gave to the situation a very serious aspect as to the probable severity and duration of the struggle. It was only a few days after the regiment was mustered into the service that the news of the battle of Bull Run, fought in Virginia near Washington City, was received, where General Irvin McDowell, brother of Colo- nel John Adair McDowell, was in command of the Union forces. The first reports received by telegraph of the engagement were exaggerated and highly sensational, and, as they were spread among the men, the whole camp was aroused to a high state of excitement.
Many had confidently predicted that the war would be over before the regiments then organizing would be or- dered to the front, or get outside of the State boundary. It was at about the same time that an order was received by telegraph from the War Department for the Sixth Iowa to proceed at once to Washington City, which was hailed by the young men with great rejoicing, but with the most profound seriousness by the older and more thoughtful men in the service, and by those who were charged with the conduct of public affairs in the State. In the general calamity that was reported to have hap- pened to the Union Army at Bull Run, Colonel McDowell received and read to the assembled crowd at his head- quarters in the camp a telegram announcing the death of his brother, saying he had been slain in the battle at the head of his army. While reading the telegram great tears streamed down the strong and manly face of Colo- nel McDowell, presenting an object lesson to the embryo soldiers who were spoiling for a fight. Fortunately for General McDowell, his brother, and the country, the tele- gram was untrue and he was not killed, but the Union defeat in the battle and the changed conditions in the command of that army, probably, caused the marching
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