USA > Iowa > Ringgold County > Biographical and historical record of Ringgold and Union counties, Iowa, vol. 1 > Part 1
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Gc 977.701 R47bi v.1 1613358
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLER
3 1833 01085 5622
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center
http://www.archive.org/details/biographicalhistruc01lewi
BIOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL
RECORD
fix
OF
Kinggold and Onion Goontios, Loren, VAL.I
CONTATTINO POLTRATIE OF ALL THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES POUR WAS THEEN CLEVELAND WITH ACCOMPANYING BADANIEALS OF FACH ; A COMU INDIAN WELLS DE AND STATE OF IOWA ; PORTRAITS AND BIOGRA TIES OF THE GONE. NOUS OF THE YEAR" TORY AND STATE; ENGRAVI IS OF PROMINENT CHLAZONS I .: HING. GOLD AND USION COUNTIES, WITH PRESITAL HAILVIE-
MANY C. THE LEADING MAMIZISE, ATT A CONCISE HISTORY OF RINGGOLD AND
COUNTIES AND TEEIN CITIES AND VILLAG: S
THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY.
XE 491274 1
1613358
CONTENTS.
PRESIDENTS +OF (THE
UNITEDSTATES.
George Washington .. 9
John Adams .. 1.4
Thomas Jefferson 20
Forbes Madison
26 32
Taires Mouros.
Thin Quincy Adams 38
Andrew Jackson ...
47
Main Van Buren.
52
William Henry Harrison.
56 65
Ioho Tyler ..
Tomes K. Polk
68
Zachary Taylor.
Millard Fillmore. 72
76
James Buchanan
Abraham Lincoln 84
Andrew Johnson. 93
Ulysses S. Grant.
95
Climate. 163
Census of Iowa. 164
Territorial Officers. 164
State Officers. 165
GOVERNORS + OF * IOWA.#
Robert Lucas. 171
John Chambers 173
James Clarke, 175
Ansel Briggs 179
Stephen Hempstead. 133
James W. Grimes
Ralph P. Lowe. . 191
Samuel J. Kiskword 193
William M. Stone.
Samuel Merrill. 203
Cyrus C. Carpenter. .207 Joshua G. Newbok !. .21!
John II. Gear .215
Buren R. Sherman .219
William Larrabee. .223
RECORD OF RINGGOLD COUNTY.
>BIOGRAPHICAL + SKETCHESE
Barrett, J. T. 319
Baston, Jowett. ... 27.4
Abarr, D. C. .342
Abar, J. W .351
Allen, G. S .. .294
Allin, J. H 320
Ander-on, A. T . 280
Ander .on, G. R. . 311
Anderson. J. C. .248
Anderson, W. S. .357
Archbald, John .313
Arnett, Henry, . 3.15
Benson, M. P.
.300
Bernard, J. T .
.350
Biad'heure, Alexander
.325
D'auc., john.
Hogy, A. N .22
359
Posworth, C. C
Bradley, W. II
B: ckett. J. W .3:4
. 217
Rutherford B. Hayes. 102
James A. Ganield ..
Chester A. Arthur .113
Grover Cleveland. .117
HISTORY + OF * IOWA.
Aboriginal 123
Caucasian 124
Pioneer Life. 133
Louisiana Territory 137
Iowa Territory. 139
State Organization and Subse.
quent History .. 141
Patriotism. 146
Iowa Since the War 151
State Institutions
151
Educational 154
Frankhn Pierce.
80
Statistical 357
Physical Features 159
Geology 158
Brown, G. M. .251
Brown, Joel .. . . 2 .3
Baumann, H. M. .377
Beall, A. G. 25.4
Beall, I. S. .290
C.
Campbell, Robert. 35.
Campbell, Thomas 220
Chiapbell, W. A .3.5
Can.v. Thoma .273
Carlton, David .3:7
Carter, J. D .2 1
Cater. J. T. 2
. 3.
Auvin, Rov. E. E 266
Awell,J. S
281
B.
Fres. Samuel. 26,1
385
366 . brown, Mrs. E. F
. 2(八)
Beamer, Zed. 235
Bear, Solomon .252
B.ard, James .368
beaty, John
.34S
Beeson, J. H.
.324
Benedict, Melville.
.322
Arnett, W. I., .335
Asiren, R. F. 329
. 3. :
Coc, Trian 34
Bonham, L. L.
Colo, W B 1
Crouch, J. W
A.
Brown, Rev. William .270
Bullard, J. C.
2
CONTENTS-
D.
Daman, C. B 331
Davis, M. V .270
Day. B. F. .3.3.
Derhart, C. K .378
Devitt. E. N. .328
Dickson, G. orgre .372
Dickson, John 262
Dille, C. F .247
Dukes, John .. 256
Dunning, Day 258
Dinsmoor, A. W 2S3
E.
Edwards. J. B. .379
Elliott, Rev. S. A .301
Ellis, Francis. . .295
England, Samuel .338
Estel, G. R. .315
F.
Fife, Robert. 315
Fittro, S. W. 315
Fisher, J. B. 389
Folts, John ..
393
Foster, A ..
285
Foster, L. .390
Fouser, J. C.
.325
Fouser, W. D.
267
Frane, Jacob. 247
Fuller, I. W. .271
Fullerton, G. D .359
Fullerton, Oscar 303
G.
Gander, J. H .323
Garfin. G. W - 327
Gibboney, F. E. .256
Gillett, A. J .304
Glaze, S. W .282
Gleason, Peter
. 307
Gleason, W. L.
.253
Glendenning, I. S. .230
Glend anuing, J. . 3.5S
Goodell, Abner .290
Gorsuch, J. M. 3St
Graham, I. G.
25-
Green, MiJe -.
Grimes C. K .234
Grimes, P. I .. .285
Gustin, A. MI
Gustin, J. C. 3$5
I.I.
Hall, R. B. .297
Hall, T. M .200 M.G . TT ..
Harvey, W. A .263
Hathaway, A. F .335
Haviland. W.11 .361
Heaton, E. J. . .252
Henderson, J. R. 250 Marit. W. IL.
Henry , R. C .. .332 M.S. W. J.
Heperly, T. C. 322
He.zer, P. F.
Himy Augh. B. D. .3-" Hinckley, W. R. .300 Hof an, M. P. .315
Ho.ll .sworth., Col; .351
Horn, Will ... .
Bom, O C.
Hocars. S .vite x Lawhead. :
Hunter, T. W. .337
Hutchison, Jo !! .251
1
Imus, .1. J
Imas, 1. 0. . 230
Ingram, An tres .316
Ingian, A. O. .311
J.
Jackson, Phillip
33S
Jarvis, P 375
Johnson, Abraham . 345
Johnson, G. W. -340
Johnston, 1. W .. .311
Johnston, J. E 23S
Judy, Robert. 287
K. .
Keller. Beniamin
Keller, I W. .336
Kelh, William .303
Kinsell, D. C. 2-1
Kinsell, J. W. 2'SI
Kinsell, Z. T .273
I.
Lan freth, Eli 396
Layton, W. H. 236
Lee, L. T ... .379 Lent, Arculus .373
Lesan, C. W .375
Lesan. J. A .. 300 Liggett, Thomas .253 Quinn, William 3%.
Liles, George.
Lille, R. P. .254
Long, Jona'hin. .353 Rapp. C. W. .26;
R.cd, L. P.
Reynard, R.
Richa, dem, J. B .329
Rile , L. D. .314
Riley, R. .310
Ro'f . mn, F. S.
RAS, II. 11
Ro :, Th m
MeClurs. l. C. 3! ! Rus :, Aaron 3
Rus Al, CHI
Kya .. John.
S.
S.
1. .. 1 11
.359
Moore. G S . 392
.3:1 Morrison, G. W .241
Mosier. Abraham .3-49
N.
Nelson, J. Il . 30;
.355
Newton, J. I. . 244
0.
Orier, Isaiah 216
Oliver, Isnoc .. .257
P.
Page, J. F .3Sr
Pamer, I. A ..
. 3SI
Parkhurst, Jonathan .. .3:4
Pane :. on. I. L.
Pain., A. C. .293
Peckham, W. R. .297
Pe. i.S., W. b. .352
Perkins, I. L.
Piores, F. F .23:
Poor, F SE .3:7
Poore, D. W .322
Pratt, E. J. .378
Proc, J. P. 5.50
Price, Thomas .321
Q.
R.
Longocre, E. H. .347
Lorimor, Aber .312
Loutzenhiser Bros. . 349
Lucas, William .. . 364
M.
Mookley, W. M .332
March 11. 1.150 .2:0) Roli. sen. Josquin
Maxwell, M. C.
McAr'n .h. V. S.
Me Don .Jd, Ví !
McPherson. I. L 3:6 Morri:, 1. 1. Merrit , D.od
Mi. .. 1. . 1.
Johnston, Ardien .26: O-born, 'T. V 250
Lou .blin, Wy I .375 Preston, D .- 13. .36:
Sixtill. Thomas
. 335
Show.'tu. C. H .3.10
Showaler. 1. 1.
Sispiller, Henry .305 Simp: a. J. M. 37.
Sinto. J. C
-373
*: : . D. C. . 367 Smith. Rev. S .258
Smith. W. T. .255
Savder, Carlton. . 393
Stamper, Thomas 377
Stephenson, J. M.
Stephens, G. R.
Stevenson, John. .241
Stevenson, Andrew. 355
Stevenson, T. A .2-1
Stuck, Edward .350
Stuck, Jonathan. 362
T
Talbot, A. F. .293
Talbot, B. W. .294
Talley, B. F. 328
Teale, A. H.
316
Wood, D. C. 355
Wood, W. M. Wirant, G. A.
.295
PORTRAITS.
Cole. John .315
I guin, Amirow 317
log .x' n. Andrew
To's, Henry .311 LATION, Rev. W. H 237
Miller. Mr -. H. T .291
Stephens, G. R. .319
GENERAL HISTORY.
It're factorv. .401
Emily History
Political History .413
The Civil War 4-5
The Press .437
Wiley. A. S. . .313 .350 Profes- kral 439
Williams, J. S .. .272 Miscellaneous 442
Mount Ayr. .
Villingen 455
RECORD OF UNION COUNTY.
>>BIOGRAPHICAL \ SKETCHES .*--
1.
Aldrich, E. A
.501
Alison. Arthur
.420
Allen, F. 626
Allen, S. R 570 B. Ng. Peter .
Armitage, J. C. .517
Armstrong, Franklin .. 5.50
Armstrong, James 565
Armstrong, Jo-ian. 6.42
Arnold, David :31
Auracher, G. W
.503
B.
Ball, W. K
.553
Baby, Jeco's 170
Her. W. V 475
Barr, T. M. .471
Barr, J. .562
Battani, S. H. Baxter, (Tarles & Bro.
B. vier, 1
.519
1 .54'
1
.623
Be : J. T
I .. I. .6:2 Ch-30. W. H.
1
=
B .. ]
I. I.
1.0 ..
Black, J. S .. .599
Black, W. G .. .521
Blakely, J. H. 507
1
Blanchard, Mark
Blosser, L. D 625
1
D.
Davenport, Djalma 570
Davis, S. R. .542
Deaver, I . T. 530
Delmege, i
Brewster, S. A. 497 Delriege, .61;
Devos, A. B
Devol, W. H. II. . .633
Dair. Edward
.559 Ders, 1 . i
DRI ..... 1. : 1.
Delp. N. s. M. M. .13
Dree. G. B.
:09
Dann, Hazard.
Dwight, I. H C:3
F ..
Fod . David.
Ecker-on. C
€ :
C. r. l. N. 5-9
Carm.n. l .:
:I
F.
Gepr, C. R
1
Cotton, S. R 533
Crain. W. F
Crccl, J. F.
Bolleman. N. M . ¿ 30
Bourne, Milton.
Bouslough, S. K 578
Bra.g. I. E .5,02
Brockman, F. W 525
Brooks, D. H.
. 569
Brown, Jeha. 1 ..
505
Brown, J. H. Bros .v. T. H .536
Bund, Isa.c. .631
454
Burket. H. F
Poch, E. J.
Butts, G. P. .632
C.
.249
Stahl, Michael. 240 J.a. J. T .. .353 Lavton, Mis. W. H. .237
¢
Stahl, Solomon. .283 Towasley, J. W . 3. 3
Trullo or. M. S. .297
W.
Walter. A. F. .319
Walters, Christian .393
Watson, Robert. .212
Waugh, Buivey
Wheeler, P. A.
.215 -370
Wilcox. Joseph. .35.5
Willens, G. W.
Williams. R. B. .333
THill. G. 13 26S
1.11
D. W . 300
F
1
I
:
S. R. S
!
.511
Cale, Wit. 6,35
Ferman, Tame .616
Flchira, William
Fo. L, G. W
Follel, Sebastian
Forbes, Burr
Forsyth, W. II.
Franci., A. C 15
French, O. E. 5 ;
friend, Josep', 570
Full-i. A. R. F ...
Fuller, C. H
.5:0
K.
-
NA. B. T.
Nirop, HI M ES:
O.
O.k .... O. W
:18
Olinger, Squire
543
O'Rufe, John
Our:, J. H
.534
Page, W. . \
Patch. D. M.
553
Pat:, J. H. 512
Patt. W. F
Patterson L. S
Person, Carl.
.574
Pary, meph
.6.9
Polis, C. M.
Peterson, A. R.
6:4
Perle, Adam. 544
Porrer. D. A 1>5
Po. cr, J. S ..
.95
PRAgen, W. C
R.
Razuet. Llewellyn
Reit :. F. 31.
Re:
Reise. L. K
RiiMais I.
Rota. W. H
Rowal. N. V
Regn, A. P.
S.
Ho ki-
Notreli.
Ilud-on.
Hunt, ] 3
Hunt :.
Hu. .
Hur bir .
Hurry. ] F
Keith, A. E .172 Nie, M. A. .510
Gald, J. N.
Galbreath, L. G. -459
Galt, Fitnes .. .637
Geir, Tacob
Karab, T. W
Kem, Aifftej .632
Keichoti, P. S.
.545
Klinge tonPh. D. .549
L.
I aferie. [. ..
.595
Laporte, C. D.
.573
:
.519
Leak, S. G.
.504
Lee, Aarci
ATS
Grounds, Willen . 507 Leech, T. If. 563
.5'I
Leens, J. A. 533
Lemon, J. H. 5.2
Lewis, H. W
Hoger. A. C.
Ilall, Hiram.
Hall, John. 651
Hamilton, II. F.
HIammans, W. H
.633
Hanna, R. Il.
Hardeabr ok T. A .519
Harrison, W.
Har-1, 1. B. . 407
Har-h, P. L. 530
Hart, G. W .. .63:
Hartinan, Albert.
Harunan, George.
Harvey, S. F. 1.2" M . er, C. N.
Hathaway, Joseph 195 Rich .. ids 1
Haveric: , J. L.
Havnes. M. F 572 Ko: t. C. 6.
Hoinh B. F .53
Hender. a. T!
Hunipek I.
NeDo
C
:
D
Marrow. W. W
Murphy, Herry
.521
1 .1 :34
. 1. 1.
:
.627
Kerv. W. X
Keniplin. W. H.
Gil,s. .. John,
526
Gil -5, O. D. .336
Gilman, T. W
Grantham, Thomas
Gregory, D. D. 615
Gim. Alfied. Grinn .I. C. H. .504
Grop.ho .k. D. V 535 -
Groesbeek, G. I. +94
Groesbeck, William.
Grove-, L S ...
.479
1.ccch, W. M
Gathridge, D. J.
.533
11.
I icity, J. 1I.
:53
Lininger, O-ben
in
Pinkerton, W. S. .
Lucas, E. C
.571
Luster, D. W
Lves., Rev. S.
.730
I ytle, J. S, 6.37
M.
Morn, Laar
.6 5
Maxwell, Hol.F!
53
Rex. C. S. .
Maxwell. T L
6.24
j.
T
S .:
13
J.
I.
1 .:
N.g. H. C .553
.635
G.
Perry, B. S.
CONTENTS.
Spencer, D. J 545
W.
Spurt, As H. .605
Stalcup. W. J. .477
Wim , I. H.
Stalker, Leward .. .643
Stalker, T.Jward, Jr. .505
Stalker. H R. 543
Stat.chfielo. C. A .620
Stephen, W. I.
570
Sullivan, E. F.
.541
Swaine, Truman
527
Swan, S. D.
.591 1
Sweet, Sylvester. .6:3
Syp, James .: 92 While. L. K 522
Syp, J. F.
.547
Syp, W. K 597
T.
Widger, C. E. 555
Wilcox, E. S .. .616
Thompson, J. J 167 Williams, Rev. W. C.
Thompson, J. M. .601
Thompson, R. J. .50S
Thornton, J. M 451
Torrey, B. N. 637
Turner, J. D 456
Wilson, W. M. 477
Wolf, F. R. 639 The Press. .032
Woods, M. R. .532 Profissional .. .697
Van Doren, J. S. .552
Vanhorn, I ...
Co5 1 Wray, Benjamin .617 Afton.
714
Van Posten, F. S. .529
Wrav. J. B .. 631 Crc-ton
72
Vincent, Henry 582
Wright, E. P 493
Wych, D. A. Wycoff, H. G. . 571
Yenser, Joseph.
5,5%
PORTRAITS.
Beyiner. R. S. .575
Bi-hop. J. F 645
Christie, W. H. .559
Fuller, A. R ...
621
Graikhan, Thomas .557
Jag .. W. A .437
Pat., J. H .. 513
Rob, W. H.
Torre . B. N. 635
GENERAL HISTORY.
Introductory. .655
Wilson. G. P.
Early and Civil History .6:0
Wilson, J. L .. دو! Political and Official .. 651 Chi shing the Rebelito: .695
! Wooley, David. 556 Miscellaneous
Villages 135
Lyman, Sr. :05 Waterree ... Lynn, Jr. 612
Water !. , Nivon. .555
Www.r. G. C .541
Wells, C. T. . 561
Wheeler. T. H 523
White, A. C. 480 Hi bre, D. W 593
Wich, Henry 523
Wickhan, W. M. 373
Willian. son, L. J. 495 Wil'is, Shelby
1. C.
James .037
B. F. .550
。
1
OF THE
.
6
-
PRESIDENTS>
LyWithin der.
9
GEORGE WANIANGTON.
GEORGE
ASHINGTON.
EORGE WASIIING- TON, the " Father of his Country" and its first President, 1789- '97, was born Febril- ary 22, 1732, in Wash- ington Parish, West- moreland County, Virginia. His father, Augustine Wash- ington, first married Jane But- ler, who bore him four chil- dren, and March 6, 1730, hc married Mary Ball. Of six children by his second mar- riage, George was the eldest, the others being Betty, Samuel, John, Au- gustine, Charles and Mildred, of whom the youngest died in infancy. Little is known of the early years of Washington, beyond the fact that the house in which he was born was burned during his early child- hood, and that his father thereupon moved to another farm inherited from his paternal ancestors, situated in Stafford County. on the nor bank of the Rappahannock, where he acted as agent of the Principio Iron Works in the immediate vicinity, and died there in 1743.
From earliest childhood George des. 1. oped a noble character. He had a vigorous constitution, a free form, and avant Lo lity strength. His education wasson wwhat die-
fective, being confined to the elementary branches taught him by his mother and at a neighboring school. He developed, how- ever, a fondness for mathematics, and en- joyed in that branch the instructions of a private teacher. On leaving school he re- sided for some time at Mount Vernon with his half brother, Lawrence, who acted as his guardian, and who had married a daugh- ter of his neighbor at Belvoir on the Poto- mac, the wealthy William Fairfax, for some time president of the executive council of the colony. Both Fairfax and his son-in-law, Lawrence Washington, had served with dis- tinction in 1740 as officers of an American battalion at the siege of Carthagena, and were friends and correspondents of Admiral Vernon, for whom the latter's residence on the Potomac has been named. George's inclinations were for a similar career, and : midshipman's warrant was procured for him, probably through the influence of the Admiral; but through the opposition of H0: mother the projet was abandoned. Th family connection with the Fairfaxes, his- ever, opened another crees for the young man, who, at the age of Sixteen, was ap - pointed surveyor to the handuse estates of the cecentrie lord Fairfax, who was th. ma on a visit at B Mois, and wie shortly after-
Greenway Coup in the Showand al Valley.
perinte which alterwall por sel way senti .. I to him.
In 3;51, when the Virginit prili_ wore put under training with a vien of seti service against France. Washington .. thon . only nineteen years of age, was agesintel Adjutant with the rank of Major. Io Soy tember of that year the filling beath of Lawrence Washington rendere i it makes. sary for him to seek a warmer climate, and George accompanied him in a voyage to Barbidoes. They returned carly in 1752, and Lawrence shortly afterward died. kay- ing his large property to an infant daught r. In his will George was named one of the executors and as eventual heir to Mou it Vernon. and by the death of the infant tiene soon succeeded to thet estate.
On the arrival of Robert Dinwiddie as Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia in 1752 the militia was reorganized, and the prov- ince divided into fous districts. Wa hing- ton was commissioned by Dinwildlie A lin- tant-General of the Northern District in 1753 and in November of that you a most important as well as hazardous mission was assigned him. This was to proceed to the Canadian posts recently established on French Creek, near L Je Ein, to demand in the name of the King of Em'in the withdrawal of the French fra se od :r claimed by Virginie. Thisget ben declined be rime than a since it bachvel : ARRA
eitheri. Wiert.
accompanied to: (
Fort for Barn bis Bratches a
..
Whatelse brandtai Assembly of Virghe in mithomer tho positive to rem a regis out deseo met for The purpose o maintaining the ass ried rights of the British crown ovet the territory clined. is Washing. im declined to be a candidate for that just, the command of this regiment was given to Colonel Joshua Fry, and Major Washing. ton, at his own request, was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel. On the birch to Ohio, news was received that a party previously sent to build a fort at the confluence of the Monongahela with the 'Olio had been driven back by a considerable French force, which had completed the work there be- gum, and named i: Fort Duquesne. in honor of the Marquis Duquesne, then Governor of Canada. This was the beginning of the great " French and Indian war," which con- tinned seven years. On the death of Col mel Fry, Washington succeedell to the com- mand of the regiment, and so well d' ! he fulfill his trust that the Virgini _assembly commissioned him as Commander-in-Chic of all the forces raised in the colony.
A cessation of all Indian hostility on the frontier having followed the expulsion of the French from the Ohio, the object of Washington was accomplished and be re- simned his commission as Commander-in- Chief of the Virginia forces. Hethen pro- ceeded to Williamsburg to take his sent in the General Asssally of which he dad
GEORGE WASHINGTON.
self-government, which, after ten years, c1.1. minated by act of Parliament of the port of Boston. It was at the instance of Virginia that a congress of all the colonies was called to meet at Philadelphia September 5. 1774, to secure their common liberties- if possible by peaceful means. To this Congress Colonel Washington was sent as a dele. gate. On dissolving in October, it recom- mended the colonies to send deputies to another Congress the following spring. In the meantime several of the colonies felt impelled to raise local forces to repel in- sults and aggressions on the part of British troops, so that on the assembling of the next Congress, May 10, 1775, the war prepara- tions of the mother country were unmis- takable. The battles of Concord and Lex- ington had been fought. Among the earliest acts, therefore, of the Congress was the selection . of a commander-in-chief of the colonial forces. This office was unani- mously conferred upon Washington, still a member of the Congress. He accepted it on June 19, but on the express condition he should receive no salary.
He immediately repaired to the vicinity of Boston, against which point the British
As early as 1776 the leading nen thol come to the conche joa that ther . w. 1 hope except in spration and food for- denca. In Many of that your Washington wrote from the head of the army in Now York: " A recomMation with Great Brit. command of the army, I abborred the 10:
of independence ; but I am now fully satis- fied that nothing else will save us."
It is not the object of this sketch to trace the military acts of the patriot hero, to whose hande the fortunes and liberties of the United States were confided during the seven years' bloody struggle that ensued until the treaty of 1783, in which England acknowledged the independence of each of the thirteen States, and negotiated with them, jointly, as separate sovereignties. The merits of Washington as a military chief- tain have been considerably discussed, espe- cially by writers in his own country. Dur- ing the war he was most bitterly assailed for incompetency, and great efforts were made to displace him ; bat he never for a moment lost the confidence of either the Congress or the people. December 4. 1783, the great commander took leave of his of.i- cers in most affectionate and patriotis terms, and went to Annapolis, Maryland, where the Congress of the States was in session, and to that body. when peace and order prevailed cverywhere, resigned his com- mission and retired to Mount Vernon.
It was in 1785 that Washington was called to the chief inegistracy of the nation. IIc ministry had concentrated their forces. As . received cvery electoral vote cast in all the early as April General Gage had 3.000 troops in and around this proscribed city. During the fall and winter the British policy clearly indicated a purpose to divide pub- lic sentiment and to build up a British party in the calories. Those who sided with the ministry were stigmatized by the patins as " Tori. . 'while @ apsfriot- took tothe. selves the nine of " WLivs."
colleges of the States voting for the office of President. The 4th of March, 172%, was the time appointed for the Government of the United States to begin its openings. but several weeks clannad before gerente of both the newly constitutel linesof the Congress wereas will. Thecity Yak was the place where the Ci
then met. April i Wasling : i :
noy doti . He se out with a
En god th attend m ; for
12
PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.
he was hailed with those public manifesta- tions of joy, regard and love which spring spontaneously from the hearts of an affec- tionate and grateful people. His reception in New York was marked by a grandeur and an enthusiasm never before witnessed in that metropolis. The inauguration took place April 30. in the presence of an innense multitude which had assembled to witness the new and imposing ceremony. The oath of office was administered by Robert R. Livingston, Chancellor of the State. When this sacred pledge was given, he retired with the other officials into the Senate chamber, where he delivered his inaugural address to both houses of the newly con- stituted Congress in joint assembly.
In the manifold details of his civil ad- ministration, Washington proved himself equal to the requirements of his position. The greater portion of the first session of the first Congress was occupied in passing the necessary statutes for putting the new organization into complete operation. In the discussions brought up in the course of this legislation the nature and character of the new system came under general review. On no one of them did any decided antago- nism of opinion arise. All held it to be a limited government, clothed only with spe- cific powers conferred by delegation from the States. There was no change in the name of the legislative department ; it still remained "the Congress of the United States of America." There was no change in the original fing of the country, andI none in the seal, which still remains with the Grecian escutcheon borne by the eagle, . with other emblems, under the great and ! expressive motto, " E Piarils Unutma."
The first division of parties aros upon the manner of construing the power- dele- gated, and they were first styled ' strict constructionists" and " Intitudinarian com structionists." The former were for Cel- Sning the action of the Government strictly
1
within its specific and limited sphere, while the others were for enlarging its powers by inference and implication. Hamilton and Jeffers m, both members of the first cabinet, were regarded as the chief leaders, respect- ively, of these rising antagonistic parties, which have existed, under different names. from that day to this. Washington was re- gardedas holding a neutral position between them, though, by mature deliberation, he vetoed the first apportionment bill, in 1790, passed by the party headed by Hamilton, which was based upon a principle construct- ively leading to centralization or consoli- dation. This was the first exercise of the veto power under the present Constitution. It created considerable excitement at the time. Another bill was soon passed in pur- suance of Mr. Jefferson's views, which has been adhered to in principle in every ap- portionment act passed since.
At the second session of the new Con- gress, Washington announced the gratify- ing fact of " the accession of North Caro- lina" to the Constitution of 1737, and June I of the same year he announced by special message the like " accession of the State of Rhode Island," with his congratulations on the happy event which " united under the general Government" all the States which were originally confederated.
In 1792, at the second Presidential elec- tion, Washington was desirous to retire ; but he yielded to the general wish of the country, and was again chosen President by the unanimous vote of cvery clectoral college. At the third election, 17,6. he bras again most urgently entreated to consent to remain in the executive chah. This be positively refused. In September, before the election, he gave to his countryin in his memoall Farewell Address, which in ku- guage, sentiment and patriotism was a fit and crowning glory of his illustrious he. After March & upp, Le sean defined to Mount Vernon for peace, quiet and rese.
5
is
GEORGE WASHINGTON.
His administration for the two terias had been successful beyond the expectation and hopes of even the most sanguine of his friends. The finances of the country were no longer in an embarrassed condition, the public credit was fully restored, life was given to every department of industry, the workings of the new system in allowing Congress to raise revenue from duties on imports proved to be not only harmonious in its federal action, but astonishing in its results upon the commerce and trade of all the States. The exports from the Union increased from $19,000,000 to over $56,000,- coo per anmim, while the imports increased in about the same proportion. Three new members had been added to the Union. The progress of the States in their new career under their new organization thus far was exceedingly encouraging, not only to the friends of liberty within their own limits, but to their sympathizing allies in all climes ! and countries.
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