USA > Iowa > Floyd County > History of Floyd County, Iowa : together with sketches of its cities, villages and townships, educational, religious, civil, military, and political history; portraits of prominent persons, and biographies of representative citizens > Part 1
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Gc 977.701 F66h 1348153
M. L.
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
LEME/ 3750
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 00829 4339
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018
https://archive.org/details/historyoffloydco00inte
Planto
HISTORY
OF
FLOYD COUNTY,
IOWA;
TOGETHER WITH SKETCHES OF ITS CITIES, VILLAGES AND TOWNSHIPS, EDU- CATIONAL, RELIGIOUS, CIVIL, MILITARY, AND POLITICAL HISTORY; PORTRAITS OF PROMINENT PERSONS, AND BIOGRAPHIES OF REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS.
HISTORY OF IOWA.
EMBRACING ACCOUNTS OF THE PRE-HISTORIC RACES, ABORIGINES, FRENCH ENGLISH AND AMERICAN CONQUESTS, AND A GENERAL REVIEW OF ITS CIVIL, POLITICAL AND MILITARY HISTORY.
ILLUSTRATED.
CHICAGO: INTER-STATE PUBLISHING CO. IS82.
BLAKELY, MARSH & CO . PRINTERS, 155 & 157 DEARBORN ST., CHICAGO.
LONGHUE & HENNEFERRY.
IM & 152 MONROE ST., CHICAGO.
1348153
PREFACE.
Nearly a third of a century has rolled its years away since this section of Iowa was chosen for a home by the white man. The trials, sufferings and struggles which were experienced in converting even this fertile land from its virgin wild- ness into the luxuriant and well-populated country that it is at present, can never be fully portrayed. Althoughi, as in many frontier settlements, the ground was not consecrated by the blood of pioneers and their families, yet human tongue or pen can never perfectly describe the vicissitudes and trials of the vanguard of civilization of those who " pitched their tents " in Floyd County. Their labors were as trying to their minds as to their bodies. Physical and mental strength waste togetlier, and the memory of names, dates and events is gradually lost under the confusion of accumulating years. Events that were fresh in memory five to ten years after their occurrence, are almost, if not entirely, forgotten, when thirty or forty years have passed.
As a consequence there will be some irreconcilable statements concerning the matters of pioneer history ; and as local history, like this work, pertains to things of which nearly all its readers have been personally more or less cognizant, it will be sharply criticised. We have taken advantage of this ordeal in advance as far as practicable, and think we have succeeded in eliminating about all serious errors. For this purpose we have not only consulted many old residents and public men, but brought all the general history before the review of a competent committee of well known citizens. .
In the arrangement of topics in this work we have endeavored to place them in an order as natural as possible ; but one must scan the whole table of contents, to see its plan and scope, if he would become able readily to find any given point The history of Iowa is given first, then follows the general county history, next the history of Charles City, and lastly the township histories, in alphabetical order, with the biographical sketches in the same order, under the heading of the respective townships.
As one of the most interesting features of this volume, we present the portraits of several representative citizens. In this department of the work, it has been our aim to have the prominent men of the day, as well as the pioneers represented. Of course we could not give portraits of all the leading men of the county, or even half; but we have done our best to give a fair representation.
(VII)
Nece 837.50 3-9-66 INK. 1513 P.O. 2027
VIII
PREFACE.
As announced in the prospectus of this work, we have derived material aid from he manuscript history of Floyd County, as compiled by the late Hon. W. P. Gaylord, who, it is well known, took great pains to collate facts and systemize them into a readable form.
In conclusion, we render our heartiest thanks to those who have so freely aided us in collecting material, especially the county officials, pastors of churches, officers of societies, pioneers and the editors of the press, the latter of whom have kindly lent us the files of their papers for a free and full consultation. But most of all, we thank those who have so liberally and materially aided this enterprise by subscription, and thus rendered possible the publication of this History of Floyd County.
INTER-STATE PUBLISHING CO.
CHICAGO, October, 1832.
CONTENTS.
HISTORY OF IOWA.
Former Occupants
17
Geography 63
Pre-historic Races
17
Geology. 76
The Indians ..
20
Climate 89
Manners and Customs
Settlement by the Whites .. 90
Explorations by the Whites
Indians of Iowa 95
First Explorers.
25
Pioneer Life. 136
Subsequent Settlement.
Territorial History 142
Louisiana Territory
31
State Organization
150
Missouri Territory
46
Iowa and the Rebellion
169
Arkaneas Territory
47
State Institutions
209
Iowa Territory
49
Miscellaneous
229
Kaneas Territory
49
Eminent Men of Iowa
229
Nebraska Territory
50
Financial. 236
Northwestern Territory.
51
Census of Iowa.
237
Expeditions against the Indians.
51
Censne of the United States 238
Black Hawk War. 57
State Officers
240
HISTORY OF FLOYD COUNTY.
CHAPTER I.
INDIANS AND EARLY SETTLE-
MENTS.
219
Indians 249
Indian Scares
251
Indian Nomenclature ..
256
First Settiers
257
Joseph Kelly
257
Land Offices and Sales
260
First Events
:61
Pioneer Life ..
266
Robbery, 1865. 412
Ell P. McCullock, 1865. 412
Mrs. L. B. Nelson, 1865. 412
A Sanctimonious Scapegrace. 413
Lawrence Gibbons .. 414
John Chapman, 1809 414
Michaci Cain, 1871. 414
The Zeiberts, 1873 415
Murder of L. A. Billings, 1875 415
Jabez Hall, 1877 .. 415
Highway Robbery, 1878 416
Hiram S. Holbrook, 1880. 416
CHAPTER VII.
MILITARY
419
The Military Company of 1859. 419
The War for the Union. 420
Indian War. 430
The War for the Union, Resumed 424
Song of the Floyd Creek Boys 485
Our Country's Call 436
The Nation's Bereavement. 443
Rest, Martyr, Rest. 444
CHAPTER III.
ORGANIC 322
Organization and Divisions. 302
Origin of the Name ..
324
Division into Townships
326
The County Seat. 327
The Court-House 337
Burning of the Court-House 839
The Jail. 342
Poor-House and Farm 344
CHAPTER IV.
POLITICAL. 346
Congressional. 346
Election Returns 362
County Jndges 370
BIOGRAPHICAL. 371
List of Supervisors 377
Acts of the Board of Supervisors 379
CHAPTER VIII.
MILITARY, Continned. 459
Re imental Histories 459
The Patriotic Dead. 492
The Roli of Honor. 492
Soldiers buried in Floyd County 494
Society of Veterans.
494
Reunion of the Twenty-seventh Iowa
Volunteer Infantry 495
CHAPTER IX.
AGRICULTURAL 505
Agricultural Societies 506
St. Charles Farmers' Club. 518
Floyd Connty Stock and Dairymen's As-
sociation
525
Patrons of Husbandry.
530
Live Stock.
535
CHIAPTER II.
SCIENTIFIC. 2-8
Topography
Drainage.
Geology.
Concerning Northern lowa 293
Stone ..
Botany-By Prof. J. C. Arthur 299
Timber. 811
Meteorological 311
Rainfall 312
Meteorological Events
313
Zoology 317
Pro· historic Races 320
321
Archæology ..
CHAPTER V.
THE COURTS AND THE BAR. 384
The Courts .. 334
Sketches of the Judges 855
The Bar of the Past .. 392
The Present Bar .. 401
CHAPTER VI.
CRIMINAL.
411
Dwight Noble .. 411
Horse Stenling, 1864. 411
Weddings 270
Shakes
271
Wolf Hunting.
Religion
Old Settlers' Association
Educational. 2221
Minnesota Territory
The State of Iowa 63
X
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER X.
CENSUS AND FINANCIAL PROGRESS 536
Early Enterprise. 536
Circular of 1858 537
Census.
545
Assessment of Personal Property in 1882 549
Population in 1880.
550
Taxes
550
CHAPTER XI.
RAILROADS .. 552
Iowa & Dakota Division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad. 552
Memorial for Grant for McGregor Road 557 Cedar Falls & Minnesota Railroad. .. Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern 566 R. R .. 573
Minnesota, Iowa Southwestern R. R 574
Recapitulation.
576
CHAPTER XII.
EDUCATIONAL 577
School Progress in Floyd County 579
School Statistics of 1880 550
Teachers' Normal Institute .. 581
Teachers' Institutes and Normal 592
Educational Associations 586
CHAPTER XIII.
LITERARY 588
Mrs. Persis A. Brown.
588
A. B. F. Hildreth
591
Florence Percy .
502
J Chestan Whitney
592
Elizabeth J. Cole.
593
Ianthe
594
W. P. Gaylord
595
CHAPTER XIV.
THE PRESS 603
Charles City Intelligencer 604
The Floyd County Advocate. 616 Shell Rock Valley Guard 615
Rockford Reveille ... 615
Marble Rock Weekly 621
Nora Springs Telephone. 6:26
Nora Springs Advertiser
630
The Monthly Geologist 631
Floyd County Press 631
Nora Springs Republican
The Floyd County Standard.
632
Western Patriarch 633
CHAPTER XV.
EMINENT DEAD 634
Hon. W. P. Gaylord. 634
Col. David Ripley 641
Winfield Scott Rider 641
Chester Butterfield
612
J. W. Lehmkuhl.
612
Nathan II. Palmer, M. D
613
Dr. E. J. Williams,
643
CHAPTER XVI.
MISCELLANEOUS 611
Temperance.
Celebrati Is
Marriages ..
Postoffices and Postal Routes
Bridges
lipper Ceaar Valley Medical Association 66!
Floyd County S. S. Association مدين
The Drive-Well Swindle
Floyd County Bihle Society
Anecdotal.
Floyd County Map. (شراء)
Relief to Western Sufferers
CHARLES CITY.
The Beginnings
668
St. Charles Graded School 688
Miscellaneous
Early Settlers.
672
G'l School IH-tory resum'd 690
Temperance .. ,19
City Officers. 672
Business Men in early days 675
Manufactories, etc ..
676 Banks
691
In memory of Pres. Gar- dield. .
Meetings.
Casualtles 21
Charles C'y Public Schools 654
Societies
Biographical
TOWNSI HIIST( RIES
Cedar.
Riverton.
Floyd.
805
Rockford
St. Charles 101(
Niles
8.30 Rock Grove.
l'ister
10.22
Pleasant Grove
838
Rudd
1 Union 1062
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
Achenbach, Il
.1030
Bailey. R. %
1056
Birney, L -19
Ackley, C. T
.1080
Baker, Geo. A
955
Blewell, S. P 1600
Ackley, G. C.
1081
Baker, V. W
736
Bleckley, Wm
Ackley, James
1082
Balch, W. b)
B unt. Ezekiah. 1019
Ackley, J. M
1082
Ball. John .. 1031
Blythe, S. ( 956
Ackley, R J
1053
Billard, W. H 793
Boon. T. W.
1001
Ackley, S. J
105:
Baltimore. ..
1057
Bort. M. E.
Adamı-, Allen
952
Baltnff. V
G18
Boulton, G. F
404
Adams, J. B
632
Birner, V G
Bonitos, Z. D
404
Adams, J. R.
953
Barnum. T J
1001
Bowdoin. E. P
902
Aldrich, H. C
Barth, George
105%
Bowers, Geo
1002
Alexander, T
1001
Bartz, Chas
1031
Bowls, N. D.
Allen, C. M
053
Beal, Frank
. 811
Bowman, C. W
1002
Allen, Henry
811
Beattl. E. G
819
Bowyer, Wm
Allen, O. B.
954
Beck, Chas T
Bradley, J. S
400
Andrews, E. P
Becker, J. A
Braunton. W'm
904
Ankeny, J.
954
Beelar, C. F
1055
Briggs. W. S.
1038
Anthony, J. D
1094
Beelnr, JJacoh
1049
Brill. W. E
Brisco, John
540
Ash, W. H.
1085
Benedict, HI L
956
Bronson, B. K
Asper, A. J.
1085
Benjamin. De G
799
Brown. A. M
100g
Atherton, E F.
Be nett, Geo
798
Brown C. C.
109
Atherton, J. L.
793
Bennett, Sam
794
Brown, P. S.
103
Austin, Edmund
725
Berg. Edward
Brown, G. L.
10011
Babcock, A. A.
951
Bicknese, J. F. C.
Brown, II. M.
Babcock, I.T
055
Billings, Josinh .... .1019
Brownell. A. S 1931
Bacon, E. F.
986
/ Billings, Timothy 531
Brownell, W. .....
531
Apel, George
954
Bell, John
Arkllls, M. E
955
Benedict, F. L
11:39 95%
Britton. S. P
Hotels
696
Improvements Generally. 681 The Bridge.
653
Religious 699
In memory of Pres. Lincoln 10
Pres't Status of the Charles City Schools 693
Scott
XI
CONTENTS.
Brunner, M
1094
Elliott, G.
Hoel, D. A 964
Bryan, T. E
957
Elliott, Rev. G.
736
Hoel, James
98S
Bucklin. S.
873
Elliott, J. W 987
Hoffman, J
1111
Bumgardner, II
904 Ellis, A. E.
403
Hofmeister, C 1119
Burgess, A. W
957 Ellis, C. D
406
Holbrook. W. E 751
Burr, P. W.
402
Ellis, E. W
1003
Howard, H. S
752
Burton, F. A Butler, A.
820
Esser, A. J.
100.3
Howard, J. M.
878
Butler, D.
873
Evans, A. H
909
Iloward, W. B.
S01
Butler, L. A ..
873
Evans, F. D.
910
Howell, Chas
915
Campbell, D. G
904
Fairfield, W. B.
389
Hubbard, F. M.
069
Carbiener, M.
1094
Farnham, S. F
Hubbard, T. S
915
Carney, A.
1095
Faville, S ..
875
Hudson, C. W.
1042
Carr, George.
874
Ferguson, C. M.
375
Huie R. J ..
Carter, W. B
874
Ferguson, D. M.
376
Hutches, I. M.
1113
Case, A. G
409
Ferguson, John
739
Hutchinson, E. M.
969
Childs, J. S
905
Ferguson, S. F 796
Fiddick, James 855
739
Inman, E.
1114
Clark, L. B.
1035
Fisher, W. N
744
Inman, II. C.
1114
Clark, T. S.
1096
Fitch, L. P.
741
Ireland, M
1016
Clark & Kendall
1099
Fleenor, N
05.9
Jeffrey, J. W 1004
Clarke, John
821
Flint, A. L.
S76
Johnson, D. E.
915
Clay, Samnel
795
Flint, W. S.
876
Johnson, T. W
1013
Clemens, J.
731
Forbes, E. F.
960
Johnson, W. FI
1115
Cogswell, F. B.
905
Forbes, J. G
960
Johnson, W. R
1043
Cogswell, S. B
90%
Forthun, L.
S55
Jordan, John.
1016
Cole, M. S.
732
Foster, L. M.
799
Joslyn, E. M.
85
Cole, P. P ..
796
Franklin, C R
910
Judd, Win. A.
1116
Coley, James
French, S. D
Judson, A. C
823
Collins, A.
Gabel, F. W
1039
Jung. Wm
1016
Collins, A. L.
Gage, II .. 960 Keister, C.
1115
Collins, C. P.
732
Galbraith, Wm
1003
Kellogg, J. Kelso, T. S
916
Conner, James
1100
Giarber, Thos
1004
Kelly, Chas.
754
Conner, Jesse.
986 Gates, Chas
Kennedy, J
374
Conner, J. D)
906
Giates, Jolin
1107
629
Cook. A. W
1013
Gates, J. F.
961
Kidney, J. A.
970
Cook, K. H.
1013
Gates, Martin 1108
Kilbourne, C
878
Cott, 11. Il.
058
Gaylord, J.
963
King, Robert
958
Cotton, N. W
874
Gaylord, J. G
966
Kirley, Geo. 9SS
Courtright, B.
1002
Gaylord. J. J 966
967
Knapp, A ...
971
Cramer, J. R.
.1014
Gelhaus, Allg
1019
Knapp, J. R. 917
Crocker, F.
1102
Gerhard, D.
1109
Koch, Aug. 10-4-1
Crowell, E. Crowell, E., Jr
1036
Giermann, Wm
742
Koehler, H 1045
Crowell, J. H.
1037
Gilbert. George
742
Kochistaedt, HI 1045
Crowell, S. W
1037
Goddard, S
743
Koerner, S. 10-16
Crumb, W. O.
1103
Gonser, W. HI.
967 Kuck, John 751
Cutter. C. E.
907
Goodmiller, J.
Lamb, C. E .. 1118
Danforth, C.
1014
Graham. J. F
Lamb, W. D. 1119
Danforth, F. C 875
Green, H. L 834
Lambert, G. F. 858
Langstaff, W. M 755
Darland, J. W
1104
Green, W. J.
912
Darling, Chas
953 907
Grierish, Win 836
Lathrop, I. S
1017
. Davis, Egbert.
1106
Griffin, Benj
913 Leeson, E
835
Dawley, J. B.
832 Griffith, A. S.
822 Leigh, Chas
917
Dean, D. W.
1002 Guilbert, E. J.
Leland, S. P
405
Dean, Ira R
958
Gutches, W. W.
987
Lenz, C. A
1040
Dean, Wm.
959
Halstead. I.
1110
Leonard, J 756
Dennis, Wm. W
734
Hand, T. A ..
401
Lindou, R .. 918
Dodge, Henry.
875
Hansburg, Wm.
745
Lindsay. J. C
Lines, John. 1019
Doolittle, A. O 408
Hardman, D. A. 914
Lines, Wm .. 1050
Doore, Allan .. 852
Hardman. David. 968
746
Lockwood, J. P 859
Drager, John .. 1038
Harvey, W. HI 1015
Lockwood, S 8.0
Dumbolton, C. J 908
Harwood & Mooncy 750 Lonergan, D. 1018
Dnmbolton, J .. 908
Harwood, S. 749
Longbotham, E 918
Duncan, De W. C.
405
Hanghey, J. 800
Losve, Hiram 1005
Duncklee, Daniel 1002
Haven, S. W 914
Lyon, O. H. 489
Dnrkee, Wm .. 908
Hayes, D. W. C. 395
Makepeace, J. N 1018
Dutcher, N. 833
Haynes, E. B. 1111
Heintz, G. F. 1011
Mausfield, E. L 989
East . an, G. B
734
Ileintz, J., Jr. 1041 Marshall, J. 972
Eaton, HI .. 986
Heintzelman, G. A 968
Martin, J. W. 1119
Martin, M. 756
Eggert, Robert.
Henry, John.
Martin, W. K. 1120
Egloff, E. C ..
737
Hering, W. C. 750
Martzon, J .. 1018
Egnew, A. A. 854
Hewitt, S. R. 750 Mathers, Wm 972
Eichmeier, H.
1039 Hildreth, A. B. F. GOS Mathews, R. N 893
Elliott, E
987 Hirsch, M. A. 1042
Maxson, Geo. .1121
1017
Collison, U. A.
1100
Garber, H ...
100 6
Coon, Theo .. 832
Gaylord. E. 951
Kimball, S .. 917
Klinetop, E. 835
Cramer, H. J
1014
1035
Gibson, Wm
877
Kochler, Aug
1045
Darland, Beuj 1103
Green, O. J. 911
Lanphere, W 801
Greenwood, B. P 1110
Large, I. S .. 1017
Davie-, T. W
Hanchett, E. HI 1040 Lessin, M. F 1019
Dinkel, C ....
.1038
Dodge, Ira ... 1015 913 Hanson, O. J.
Lockwood, J. C 860
Doore, Joel 853
Harrison, A. M
Manchester. D. 1119
Dyas, David. 875
Edwards, Jesse 821 909
Hemphill, J. B.
987 800
Inman, A.
Clark, C. J.
1096
Fisher, E. J
Ingram, Henry 1115
Clark, C. H.
1012
Eugelbart, C
736
Howard, John.
753
731
8:1
924
372
1107
Keves. L. J
Gaylord, L ..
1109 910
741
XII
CONTENTS.
McConkey, J. C. 407
Pringle, Geo.
864 - Strong, A. H. 1036
976 | Sullivan, J. E. 975
McEwen, W. L 1051
Quinby, S. A.
825
Summers, H. 9.90
McKenna, D. 918
Rankin, R. J >25
85
Swartwood, J.
Mckinney, J. 1019
Raymond, H. C.
766
Sweet, L. D ..
McKinzie, P. D 8:3
Raymond, J ..
825
Sylvester, C. A.
McNitt, E. W. 973
Raymond. L
826
Taylor, J. P. . .
McRoberts. J. F 861
973
Reiniger. E. A .
767
Merckel, C.
757
Reiniger, G. G
Merriam, C. D
376
Reiniger, R. G
391
Tostenrnd. O. 991
Merrill, S .. 476
823
1051
Richard-, D. J
526
Meyer, G. W
758
Riche, E. A
921
Meyers, C. F
919
Ripley, S ... 80
921
Townsend, JJ. C. 504
Mills, John ..
1122
Roberts, C. M
922
Towslee, M
1134
Miner, L. P 989
920
Roberts, Murray. 976
Treadway. A. 979
Mitchell, Geo.
1019
Roberts, W. W 976
Trigg, J. S .
Moll, John.
1006
Robison, W. G
976
Montrose, E. D
112-1
Root, Abner ...
371
Moore, A ..
920
Roschen, Wm. 105-4
Volker, J.
1136
Moore & Paddleford.
1122
Rose. P.
Vorhes. R. S.
11,6
Morris, C. W
974
Rosenkrans, E. A
1128
Wadey, H
1137
Morris, G. P
823
Roziene. F. A
769
Wait, Waldo
Morrison, J
821
Rud fick, G. W
390
Wallace, J
11 ...
Murdock, S.
386
Ruggles, O. M
Мусть, Н. Н.
1052
Schermerhorn, A
Waterbury. S. S.
~~ 1
Naden, Isaac.
801
Nash, G. F
80%
Schrimager, J 100
Waterman. G. B
Neel, Henry 1:25
Schroder, A ..
Watkins, Chis
Nelson, Halvor
974
Schunemann. W 1005
West. A. B
Nicholson, T. W 1006
Scott, HI. C
9:23
Whent. F. M.
Nickerson, M. II.
971
Sc tt, L. A. 921
Wheeler. D. A
Nienstedt, A
9~9
Seaton, A. P
Whitherh. J
Nies, H. B ..
Shafer, S. K.
1199
White. H. D) ..
Whitehead, G. H. 1020
Noble, John,
879
Sharp, Isaac. 1007
Noble, S. H
Shaw, C. H
769
Whitney. F. I.
North, J. P 761
Shaw, H. B
977
Nyc. 11. M.
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Shaw, O. R.
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WHbnr, H
OakA, C. H
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O'llair, JJ
1126
Sherwin, F
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OHara, P.
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Schultz, I.
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Wilson, R. B
Owens, JJ. E
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WILon. T. S
Palmateer, A
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Słocuin. C. A 617
Witz .} JJ
Woelfer. (". 11 $
Palmer, Wm. M
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Smith, ('. D) 1008
Wond. C. E
Parsons. Thos
Smith, G. P
Wood, D. S.
Payne, H. A
Smith, H.
Wood J. W
Pease, E. L.
Smith. J. W.
Woolley, F. 12
Perrin, 11. J 821
Snyder, 1
Worden. A. F.
Perry, D. D)
862
Sprague, 11. D
Wright. A. S.
Phelps, N
975
Starr, S. B
101
Wrigut. E. B. C
Pippin, T.
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Pitcher, J. Il
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Pomeroy, O
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Stevens, S. M.
Yerrick. S
Yeomane. S. P
Porter, B. F
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Stone, Aug
Yoonm, J. C.
Powers, L. D.
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Stoner, D
Young, A
Powers, O 843
Prali, M ..
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Pribbenow, E. C. F.
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PORTRAITS.
Gaylord, W. P
4
Court House 831
Smith, J. K.
Gaylord, S. E
30
Patterson. J. G.
397
Smith, S. M. W
1
Shepardson J. B
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Gilbert, Milo 147
Ripley, Sanford. 197
Britton. S. P
Flint, W. S
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Haynes K. B
Anylord, J. J ..
Gage, II .... 172
Green, W. J.
Worefeld, Geo.
MCEwen, O 210
Oaks. C. H.
Inmen, H. C.
Hildreth, A. B. F
Treadway, A. B 697
Clark, T. S.
Starr, S. B.
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Montrose, E. D
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Timmons, B 1020
Rex, S 1129
Town, C. E. 1131
Merriman, I. M
Rice. Norman 826
Towner, C. H. S03
Towner, R. R. 991
Towner, W. B. S03
Townsend, C. M. SB
Miles, W. F. & H. F
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Robbins, O. N
Roberts, James 1055
Towslee, N.
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Mitchell, C. E
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Roberte, Zina .. 976
Tripp. W. G. .
Van Myers. A. R 1135
Vietmeier, C .. 1056
Moore, E. R.
Rosenkrans, N
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Wagnor, W'm. 1137
Morse, Wm
Waller, J. R.
Waller, T. W.
Welton, JJ 1110
Nevins, J. M 879
Scofield. A. B SS1
Sharkey, P
Whiterell, J. W
Wieging. J. G 1037
Wilke. R. F. 1139
Palmer, A. E 763
Smith, A. O. B
Smith, E. M 1001
Wood, D. B.
Patterson, J. G
Perrin, W ...
Sonrs, S 1159
Workman. Wmn
Wor-field Goo 1141
Perry, W. HI 880
Spravne, Wm.
Wright. B. P.
Pierce, Il
Starr. S. Il.
Wweu Gro
St ven , B. W
Wyatt. JJam
Pooley, J. B. 1199
Stewart, W. F.
Stout, 11. I ... 1056
Young, Mira E. R
Strawn, Mrs. E
Zimmar, J.
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McEwen, O 1050
Quinby, J. G.
Sutton, T. P. 9:25
McKenna, M 919
Raymond, F.
Reams, D
864
Teeling. E. A.
Tift, R. C 1133
Mead, D. B
Metz, Jacob.
Nickerson, M. H
Brownell. W 100
Spencer, W. G
Perry, John.
Staehler. J. C
Wood house. S. W
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Schermerhorn, I. B. 1007
Nixt, M ... 1125
Shepardson, J. B .. 119)
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HISTORY OF IOWA.
FORMER OCCUPANTS.
PRE-HISTORIC RACES.
The history of this country and the races which held it before the advent of the Europeans, is shrouded in as deep a mystery as that which hides the past of the oldest nations of the East. There are just relics enough left us to prove beyond a doubt that there once existed here a remarkable race, but there has been wide spec- ulation upon the nature and origin of the early races of America, especially those referred to as Mound-Builders. It is but lately that the researches of science have enabled us to reason with much certainty. Though the divergence of opinion among scientists may for a time seem incompatible with a thorough investigation of the subject, and tend to a confusion of ideas, no doubt whatever can exist as to the comparative accuracy of the conclusions arrived at by some of them. To solve the problem who were the pre- historic settlers of America, it will not be necessary to go to ancient history. That this continent is co-existent with the world of the ancients cannot be questioned. Every investigation insti- tuted under the auspices of modern civilization confirms the fact. China, with its numerous existing testimonials of antiquity, claims a continuous history from antediluvian times; and although its continuity may be denied, there is nothing to prevent the trans- mission of a hieroglyphic record of its history prior to 1656, anno mundi (the date of Noah's flood), since many traces of its early settlement survived the deluge, and became sacred objects of the first historical epoch. That an antdiluvian people inhabited this continent, however, will not be claimed, because it is not probable that a settlement of a country so remote from the cradle of the race as this was effected until later times.
The most probable sources in which the origin of the Indians must be sought, are those countries which lie along the eastern
(17)
18
HISTORY OF IOWA.
coast of Asia, and which may have been once more densely popu- lated than now. The surplus population pushed north and east in search of a new home, which was found at last by crossing Behr- ing's Strait, and then journeying southward. The number of small islands lying between the two continents tends to confirm this view; and it is yet further confirmed by some remarkable traces of similarity in the physical conformation of the northern nations of both continents. The researches of Humboldt have traced the Mexican to the vicinity of Behring's Strait; whence it is conjectured that they, as well as the Peruvians and other tribes, came originally from Asia.
This theory is accepted by most ethnologists, and there is every reason to believe that after the discovery of an overland route to a land of "illimitable possibilities, " many bands of adventurers found their way from the Chinese or Tartar nations, until they had populated much of this continent. Magnificent cities and monu- ments were rused at the bidding of the tribal leaders, and popu- lous settlements centered with thriving villages sprang up every- where in manifestation of the progress of the people. For the last 400 years the colonizing Caucasian has trodden on the ruins of a civilization whose greatness he could only surmise. Among these ruins are pyramids similar to those which have rendered Egypt famous. The pyramid of Cholula is square, each side of its base is 1,335 feet in length, and its height is 172 feet. Another pyramid, north of Vera Cruz, is formed of large blocks of highly polished porphyry, and bears upon its front hieroglyphic inscrip- tions and curious sculpture. It is 82 feet square, and a flight of 57 steps conducts to its summit, which is 65 feet high. The ruins of Palenque are said to extend 20 miles along the ridge of a mountain, and the remains of an Aztec city, near the banks of the Gila, are spread over more than a square league. The principal feature of the Aztec civilization which has come down to us was its religion, which we are told was of a dark and gloomy charac- ter. Each new god created by their priesthood, instead of arous- ing new life in the people, brought death to thousands; and their grotesque idols exposed to drown the senses of the beholders in fear, wrought wretchedness rather than spiritual happiness. In fact, fear was the great animating principle, the motive power which sustained this terrible religion. Their altars were sprinkled with blood drawn from their own bodies in large quantities, and on them thousands of human victims were sacrificed in honor of
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