USA > Iowa > Marion County > The History of Marion County, Iowa: Containing a History of the County, Its Cities, Towns, & C. > Part 1
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91 | Part 92 | Part 93 | Part 94 | Part 95 | Part 96 | Part 97 | Part 98 | Part 99 | Part 100 | Part 101 | Part 102 | Part 103 | Part 104 | Part 105
This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world's books discoverable online.
It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover.
Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you.
Usage guidelines
Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.
We also ask that you:
+ Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes.
+ Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help.
+ Maintain attribution The Google "watermark" you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it.
+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe.
About Google Book Search
Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http://books.google.com/
THE
HISTORY
OT
MARION COUNTY,
IOWA,
CONTAINING
A History of the County, its Cities, Towns, &c.,
Biographical Sketches of its Citizens, War Record of its Volunteers in the late Rebel- lion, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, History of the Northwest. History of Iowa, Map of Marion County, Constitution of lowa, Miscel- laneous Matters, &c., &c.
ILLUSTRATED.
DES MOINES : UNION HISTORICAL COMPANY, BIRDSALL, WILLIAMS & CO. 1881.
THIS LIMITED EDITION Contains All 807 Pages of the Original 1881 Edition PLUS TWO INTRODUCTORY PAGES AND FOR THE READER'S CONVENIENCE A COMPLETE NAME INDEX NOT FOUND IN THE ORIGINAL EDITION BUT ADDING GREATLY TO THE USEFULNESS AND VALUE OF THIS VOLUME
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1881, by
THE UNION HISTORICAL COMPANY, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. O.
A Reprint of the Original 1881 HISTORY of MARION COUNTY, IOWA First Published by the UNION HISTORICAL COMPANY BIRDSALL, WILLIAMS & CO. DES MOINES, IOWA 1881
********** This Second Edition is a Publication of the MARION COUNTY GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY KNOXVILLE, IOWA October, 1975 Reprinted from an Original 1881 Edition Loaned to the Marion County Genealogical Society by Miss Winona Myrle Davis
-
PREFACE.
AFTER months of persevering effort we have at last completed the HISTORY OF MARION COUNTY; the result proves that we did not overestimate the importance and difficulty of the task. The importance and difficulty of the work result from the same cause; viz., the almost bul lack of reliable data. This difficulty has in a measure been overcome by a systematic can- raw of the whole county, whereby we have been enabled to gather together, glean and com- pile into comprehensible and permanent form what until now has floated about in the chang- ing mists of tradition. The reader will readily realize how difficult has been this task, and how important that the work is done at this comparatively early date. The first settlers, who ited so important a part in the history of the county, and who heretofore have been the sole todians, of much material essential for such a work as this, are rapidly disappearing from among us, and those who remain become less and less reliable, as year by year the memory of early times grows indistinct.
The importance of the work is enhanced by the fact, that Marion county, owing to its loca- tion, is near the center of the agricultural resources of the State. In order to devote that atten- tom to the various interests of the county which its central importance seemed to demand, re supposed it would be necessary to make a book of from six hundred to seven hundred pres. The publication of such a book for a patronage limited to a single county, was a hardous undertaking, viewed from a business standpoint. Much solicitude was felt on this wcount during the first stages of the enterprise, but what misgivings we may have felt have been dispelled by the generous patronage afforded by the people of the county. We have icen so far encouraged by the patronage vouchsafed that the work has been extended far beyond the scope originally intended, and instead of a book of from six hundred to seven Ladred pages, as promised in our prospectus, the book exceeds eight hundred pages. Our solicitude for the success of the enterprise, in a business sense, was natural, but it has been our sole solicitude; we have likewise intensely desired to make the work reliable, " and attractive, and thereby to merit the public favor, which the people of the county be extended to us. In presenting the work to our many hundred readers, we have the ifaction of knowing that they are of sufficient intelligence to appreciate merit when found, of further believing that errors will be criticised with the understanding that book-mak- ing, like all other kinds of labor, has its peculiar vicissitudes.
We have been materially aided in the preparation of the work by many persons in the moty, who made no claim for compensation, and who expect no reward except that which we from a consciousness of having aided in a worthy enterprise. Such persons deserve it thanks of their fellow citizens in the county and different townships where they reside; ufr the publishers, they avail themselves of this opportunity to thank all who have aided fa in the preparation of the work. Whatever of merit the HISTORY OF MARION COUNTY may «tain is due in a large measure to their assistance; without their friendly words of encour- Parent, the enterprise would not have been entered upon, and it having been begun, could It have been completed without their valuable assistance. Among those to whom we are
iv
PREFACE.
thus indebted we name the following: William Donnel. H. P. Scholte, Mrs. Catharine Bar- ker, E. F. Sperry, Minos Miller and many others. These are all Marion county pioneers, and in reference to the history of the county each one can say : " All which I saw, and part of which I was."
To each and all of our patrons we come with the satisfaction of knowing that we bring what we guaranteed, and in the belief that should any of them not appreciate the work, the time will come when their children will.
THE PUBLISHERS.
CONTENTS.
HISTORICAL.
PAGE
PAGE.
The North west Territory :
Archeology of the Northwest. 59 Sketches of Western and
Early Settlements and Territo- Fiel Organisation ... Territory of Iowa.
State Organisation. Educational
State Institutions
Rafiroads ..... Descriptive and Geographical Sketch .. ... 105 Official Becord.
Geology of Iowa. .. 117 Economic Geology .. . 125
The Judiciary ...
Congressional Representation. State Agricultural Booleky .... Centennial Awards.
BEEGEES
HISTORY OF MARION COUNTY.
PAGE.
CHAPTER I .- PREFATORY. The County : its Location and Name -The Plan and Scope of this Work .... ... 241-248 CHAPTER II .- PHYSICAL FRA- TURES. Situation-Extent- Surface- Rivers-Timber -- Cli- mate-Prairies --- Soils-Geolo- 7-Cool -- Building Stone- age-Bprings and Well-water . .. . . 249-277 CHAPTER III .- INDIAN AF- JALM. Indian Policy of the Gov- DeDi-Treaties -- Annuities -- des and Fox Indians -Keokuk -Wapello -- Powesbiek-Indian Incidents and Reminiscences -- The Neutral Strip -- The Potta- Cattardes -- Johnay Greene and Ms Band -- The Bloux .... 277-296 CHAPTER IV .- LARLY SETTLE- KTI. Importance of First Beginnings -Character of the First Bettlers-The Red Rock Line - First Settlements East of the Red Book Line-Extino- then of the Indian Title-Bush & Claim Beekers -The United States Dragoons-The Memor- the Night of October 11 -- First Settlements West of the Led Red Rock Line ...... 296-306
PAGE.
CHAPTER V .- PIONEER LIVE. The Pioneer's Peculiarities- Convenlences and Inconven- Sences-The Historical Log Cabin-Agricultural Implo. ments --- Household Fur- niture ---- Oora - breed -Hand Mills and Hominy Blocks- Going to Mill-Trading Points- The Pioneer Stock Dealer- Hunting and Trapping-The California Gold Excitement -- The Western Stage Company- Claim Clubs and Club Lawi- A Border Sketob-Surveys and Land Sales-The First Rec- ords-Growth of the County- Table of Events ......... 306-845 CHAPTER VI .-- ORGANIZATION OF COUNTY. Origin of County and Township Organizations- Condition of Territory before Organization --- Legislative Act Organizing Marion Coun- ty - Appointment of Com- missioners to Locate Seat of Justice - First Election-Pro- cesdings of County_Commis- sloners -- License --- Ferries --- Roads - Election Precincts -- County Judge System-Town- . chip System-Board of Super-
PAGN.
Visors - First Court-bouse ---. Second Court-house - Jafl - Poor-farm-Des Moines River Bridge. ..... .... CHAPTER VIL --- ADDITIONAL COUNTY AFFAIRS. Courts - Marriage Licenses -- County H- nances-Political- Oficial . Di- rootory . ...
.345-1
CHAPTER VIII .- Railroad- Churobes - Schools -- Agrioal- tural Society -- Old Settlers' As- sociation .. ... 438-458 CHAPTER IX .- INOIDANTS, 40- CIDENTS AND ORIICES. The Soul of John Brown-Budden Death - Assassination of Jo- dish M. Woodruff-Two Per- sons Drowned-Fatal Runaway -Treasury Robbery-Death by Drowning - Fatal Accident -- Murder and Suicide-Two Vio- tims of Passion-Second Treas- ury Robbery-Another Murder at Red Rock -Drowned -- Frat- ricide-Two Men 8hot-Burned to Death-Early Crimes . . 458-468 CHAPTER X .- MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR .. 408-011
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
PAGE.
PAGE.
Tutward the Star of Empire
thy tte Way. . 17
la Indisa Camp.
Present Site Lake Street Bridge,
Breaking Prairie.
Isteos Trying & Prisoner. ..... 49 Chicago, 1838 .. 97
& Plosser Winter. ..
68
Old Fort Dearborn, 1850. .... 108
LITHOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS.
PAGE.
.273 I. Overkamp
.375
John 8book.
A. T. Clark .. I.L. Barter. .807 Daniel Hunt ... .. 409
PAGE.
PAGE.
LP. O
341 ) Collins Jonide 448
The "Old Kingie House" .100
Lincoln Mon., Springfield, Ill ... 72 Chicago, in 1820
A Prairie Home
.
Early French Explorations in the Mississippi Valley. .... .... 7 Northwestern States 67 Expedition of Lewis and Clarke'86 Sketch of Chicago .... 96
.. History of Iowa:
Early Settlecocats in the North- Post. . . 14 The Northwestern Territory .. 22 The Louisiana Purchase. .. Indian Wars in the Northwest Sketches of Black Hawk and other Chiefs ...
Barty Navigation of Western Rivers ... 56
How the Title to fowa Lands is derived. .180
vi
CONTENTS.
TOWNSHIPS, CITIES AND TOWNS.
PAGE.
PAGE.
PAGE
Knoxville Township .. 622
Swan Township.
719 Gosport.
Ofty of Knoxville ....
. 525 Town of Wheeling. . 721 |Columbia
.773
Lake Prairie Township
.622
Town of Swan ..
721 Indians Township
780
Ofty of Pella
.625
Amsterdam
.640
Town of Pleasantville.
. 729
Attica.
. 782
Leeradam ..
640
Union Township.
.743; Liberty Township.
785
Summit Township.
. 687
Polk Township.
. 752 |Hamilton
. 788
Otley ..
.. 690
Franklin Township.
. 758
Marysville . 788
American City. .. 69)
Dallas Township.
765 | Bussey. .789
Red Rock Township
. 703
Newbern ..
766 | Olay Township
.794
Town of Red Rock .707
Dallas.
766 |Tracy . .
.796
Perry Township. .714
New Chicago. .767
Durham.
796
Town of Bennington. 716
Washington Township.
. 771 |Harvey.
796
Perryville ..
.716 |New Town
772 | Bethel
796
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.
PAGE.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Adoption of Children ... .208
Forms:
Jurors. .199
Bills of Exchange and Promis-
Confession of Judgment. .. 208
Landlord and Tenant .206
cory Notes ..
.196 Lease .. 214
Limitation of Actions 199
Capital Punishment. .199
Mortgages .212, 213
Married Women ... .200
Commercial Terms .208
Notice to Quit. .... 210
Damages from Trespass. .201
Notes. 207-215
Mechanics' Lions. .204
Descent. .196
Orders 207
Purchasing Books by Subscrip- Hon . 219
Exemption from Executions .... 200
Fences ...
202
Forms:
Warranty Deed 216
Support of Poor. 205 Taxes .. 197
Bills of Sale. .210
Birds and Quadrupeds .217
Fish and Fish Ways. 218
Weights and Measures.
207
Bills of Purchase.
207
Interest .
. 195
Wolf Scalps .
201
Chattel Mortgage
.215
Jurisdiction of Courts .198
HISCELLANEOUS.
PAGE.
PAGE
Map of Iowa County
.. front
Constitution of State of Iowa. . 220
The Pioneer
...... 240
Statistics .. .183 | Addenda. .. 806
Wills and Estates. .196
Bond for Deed .217
Wills and Codicia .211, 212
Roads and Bridges 204 Surveyors and Survey 204
Article of Agreement. .200
Game Laws:
Marks and Brands 201
Rstrays .201
Quitelaim Deed .. 216
Receipts .. 208
Pleasant Grove Township . 726
Barkersville .. 782
MI
S P
MAP OF J
Bennington POD
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
EARLY FRENCH EXPLORATIONS IN THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY.
De Soto-Le Caron-Samuel de Champlain-French Adventurers-James Marquette-Louis Joliet - Embarkation to Explore New Countries -Lake Michigan and Green Bay -The "Quisconsin "- Indian Accounts of the Country - Discovering the Great River- Indian Name of the River-Joy of the Explorers-Interview with Indians on Iowa Soil-Feast- Speech of an Indian Chief-The Des Moines River-" Muddy Water"-The Arkansas- Return-Indian Nations - Marquette's Record -- His Subsequent Voyage-La Vantum- Marquette's Death-Removal of His Remains-Joliet's Subsequent Explorations-Robert La Salle-Louis Hennepin-Chevalier de Tonti-De La Motte-Fort Crevecoeur-Henne- pin's Voyage Falls of St. Anthony-Seur de Luth-Hennepin's Claims as an Explorer- Colonization of Louisiana-Dissensions-Murder of La Salle.
THE three great colonizing powers of the Old World first to raise the standard of civilization within the limits of North America were France, England, and Spain. The French made their earliest settlements in the cold and inhospitable regions of Quebec; the English at Jamestown, Vir- ginia, and at Plymouth, Massachusetts; and the Spaniards on the barren ends of Florida. To the French belongs the honor of discovering and colo- mizing that portion of our country known as the Valley of the Mississippi, including all that magnificent region watered by the tributaries of the Great River. It is true that more than one hundred years earlier (1538-41) the Spanish explorer, De Soto, had landed on the coast of Florida, penetrated the everglades and unbroken forests of the south, finally reaching the banks of the Great River, probably near where the city of Memphis now stands. Crossing the river, he and his companions pursued their journey for some distance along the west bank, thence to the Ozark Mountains and the Hot Springs of Arkansas, and returning to the place of his death on the banks of the Mississippi. It was a perilous expedition indeed, characterized by all the splendor, romance and valor which usually attended Spanish adventurers ot that age. De Soto and his companions were the first Europeans to behold the waters of the Mississippi, but the expedition was a failure so far as related o colonization. The requiem chanted by his companions as his remains vere committed to the waters of the great river he had discovered, died way with the solemn murmurs of the stream, and the white man's voice was not heard again in the valley for more than ahundred years. De Soto ad landed at Tampa Bay, on the coast of Florida, with a fleet of nine ves- els and seven hundred men. More than half of them died, and the remainder nade their way to Cuba, and finally back to Spain.
Four years before the pilgrims "moored their bark on the wild New Eng- and shore," a French Franciscan, named Le Caron, penetrated the region o
8
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
the great lakes of the north, then the home of the Iroquois and the Hurons, but a French settlement had been established at Quebec by Samuel de Champlain in 1608. This was followed by the establishment of various colonies in Canada, and the hardy French adventurers penetrated the coun- try by the way of the St. Lawrence and the lakes. In 1625 a number of missionaries of the Society of Jesus arrived in Canada from France, and during the succeeding forty years extended their missions all along the shores of Lake Superior.
In 1637 a child was born at the little city of Laon, in France, whose destiny it was in the fullness of time to be instrumental in the hands of Providence in giving to the world a definite knowledge of the grandest and most fertile region ever opened up to civilization. That child was James Marquette, the descendant of a family of Celtic nobles. He entered the Society of Jesus when seventeen years of age, and soon conceived a desire to engage in the labors of a missionary among the Indians. He sailed for Quebec in 1666, and two years later founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary. The winter of 1669-70 he spent at Point St. Ignatius, where he established another mission. Here the old town of Michillimackinac, afterward called Mackinaw, was founded. It was from Indians of the different tribes who came to this mission that he received some vague intimations of the great river-the father of all the rivers. He at once conceived a desire to penetrate to the banks of the wonderful river, and carry his missionary work to the tribes which he had learned inhabited its borders. He applied to his Superior, Claude Dablon, for permission to "seek new nations toward the Southern sea." The authorities at Quebec were equally desirous of having new regions explored, and therefore appointed Louis Joliet to embark upon a voyage of discovery. Joliet was a native of Quebec and had been educated in a Jesuit College. He had at the age of eighteep taken minor orders, but had abandoned all thoughts of the priest- hood and engaged in the fur trade. He was now twenty-seven years of age, with a mind ripe for adventure. He left Quebec, and arriving at Mackinaw found Father Marquette highly delighted with the information that they were to be companions in a voyage which was to extend the domain of the King of France, as well as to carry the Gospel to new nations of people. The explorers, accompanied by five assistants, who were French Canadians, started on their journey, May 13, 1673. Marquette has himself recorded in the fol- lowing simple language their feelings on this occasion: "We were embark- ing on a voyage the character of which we could not foresee. Indian corn, with some dried meat, was our whole stock of provisions. With this we set out in two bark canoes, M. Joliet, myself and five men, firmly resolved to do all and suffer all for so glorious an enterprise." They coasted along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, entered Green Bay, and passed up the Fox river, carrying their canoes across the Portage to the "Ouisconsin," now called Wisconsin. At Lake Winnebago, before crossing the Portage, they stopped at an Indian village, which was the furthest outpost to which Dab- lon and Allouez had extended their missionary work. Here they assembled the chiefs and old men of the village and told them of the objects of the voyage. Pointing to Joliet, Father Marquette said: "My friend is an envoy of France to discover new countries, and I am an ambassador from God to enlighten them with the truths of the Gospel." The Indians furnished two guides to conduct them to the Wisconsin river. It is related that a tribe of as endeavored to dissuade them from pursuing their perilous journey
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
by telling of desperate and savage tribes that they would meet; that the forests and the rivers were infested with frightful monsters; that there were great fish in the rivers that would swallow up men and canoes together, and of a demon who could be heard from a great distance, and who destroyed all who approached. Unmoved by these frightful stories, Marquette; Joliet, and their five brave assistants, launched their little canoes on the waters of the Wisconsin, and moved slowly down the current. After a lapse of seven days, June 17th, 1673, they reached the mouth of the Wisconsin and glided into the current of the Mississippi, a few miles below the place now known as Prairie du Chien. Here, and on this day, the eye of the white man for the first time looked upon the waters of the Upper Mississippi. Marquette called the river "The Broad River of the Conception." The Indian name is derived from the Algonquin language, one of the original tongues of the continent. It is a compound of the words Missi, signifying great, and Sepe, a river.
The explorers felt the most intense joy on beholding the scene presented to their enraptured vision. Here was the great river whose waters somewhere thousands of miles away flowed into a Southern sea, and whose broad valley was the fairest and richest in the world, but unknown to civilized man, save as an almost forgotten dream or a vague romance. They had solved one of the great mysteries of the age in which they lived. As they glided down the stream the bold bluffs reminded Marquette of the "castled shores of his own beautiful rivers in France." The far stretching prairies alternating with forests, on either side, were adorned in all the wild glories of June. Birds sang the same notes that they had sung for ages amid those "forests prime- val," while herds of buffalo, deer and elk were alarmed and fled to the dense retreats of the forest or the broad prairies beyond. Not until the 25th June did they discover any signs of human habitation. "Then, about sixty leagues, as they thought, below the mouth of the Wisconsin, at a place where they landed on the west bank of the river, they found in the sand the foot-prints of man. Marquette and Joliet left their five companions in charge of the canoes and journeyed away from the river, knowing that they must be near the habitation of men. They followed a trail leading across a prairie clothed in the wild luxuriance of summer for a distance of about six miles, when they beheld another river and on its banks an Indian village, with other vil- lages on higher land a mile and a half from the first. The Indians greeted the two white strangers, as far as their ability permitted, with a splendid ovation. They appointed four of their old men to meet the strangers. in council. Marquette could speak their language. They informed him that they were "Illini" (meaning "we are men"), and presenting the calumet of peace, invited them to share the hospitalities of their village. Marquette told them of the object of their visit, and that they had been sent by the French, who were their friends. He told them of the great God that the white man worshiped who was the same Great Spirit that they adored. In answer, one of the chiefs addressed them as follows:
" I thank the Black Gown Chief (Marqnette) and the Frenchman (Joliet) for taking so much pains to come and visit us; never has the earth been.so beautiful, nor the sun so bright as now; never has the river been so calm, nor so free from rocks, which your canoes have removed as they passed; never has our tobacco had so fine a flavor, nor our corn appeared so beautiful as we behold it to-day. Ask the Great Spirit to give us life and health, and come ye and dwell with us."
After these ceremonies the strangers were invited to a feast, an account
10
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
which is given by Marquette. It consisted of four courses. First, there was a large wooden bowel filled with tagamity, or Indian meal, boiled .in water and seasoned with oil. The master of ceremonies, with a wooden spoon, fed the tagamity to their guests as children are fed. The second course con- sisted of fish, which, after the bones were taken out, was presented to the mouths of the strangers as food may be fed to a bird. The third course was a preparation of dog meat, but learning that the strangers did not eat that it was at once removed. The fourth and final course was a piece of buffalo meat, the fattest portions of which were put into the mouths of the guests.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.