USA > Iowa > Jackson County > Annals of Jackson county, Iowa, Vol 1-6 > Part 55
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First Company, Camanche, Clinton county-James Caiborne, Captain : William P. Merrill, First Lieutenant : Israel Day, S.cond Lieutenant. Mr. Day soon after removed to Charleston.
The second compiny seems never to have been organized, and names of officers do not appear on the records.
Third Company, Buckhorn, Jackson county-Henry G. Mallard, Cap- tain; William Vosburgh, First Lieutenant ; Calvin Teeple Second Lieuten- ant.
Fourth Company, Andrew, Jackson county-John G. McDonald, Cap- tain, John Webb, First Lieutenant, Amaziali Janes, Second Lieutetant.
McDonald, as before stated, was promo ed to Brigadier General.
Fifth Company, Jeremiah Wood, Captain : Thomas Coombs, First Lieu- tenant, William L. Harrison, Second Lieutenant. Capt Wood was a Char- leston man but I have been unable to find anything whatever in regard to Coombs or Harrison
Sixth Company. Bellevue, Jackson county-Joseph S. Mallard, Captain : Isaac Jone:, First Lieutenant : John Smith, Second Lieutenant.
Seventh Company, (also appears as Co A) DeWitt. Clinton county, Robert C. Bourne, Captain: Matthew A. Harringon, First Lieutenant : John Brophy. Second Lieutenant.
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Eighth Company, Tete des Mort township, Jackson county-David G. Bates, Captain ; William D. Stephens, First Lieutenant; Franklin Stukey. Second Lieutenant.
The staff officers of that First Regiment appear in the letter of Col. John H. Rose. Mr. Moss and Mr. Sublett lived in Bellevue; Dr. - Wood and Mr. Crary. in Charleston. I have been unable to learn anything about John Bending, who succeeded Charles Swan as Lieutenant Colonel of the First Regiment.
Belle View, Jackson County, I. T., April 15th, 1839. To Robert Lucas, Governor of Iowa Territory.
Sir :- If I am not in error it becomes the duty of the respective com- mandants of Regiments to appoint their staff. In obedience to that duty I have the honour to transmit to Your Excelllency the names of the fol- lowing gentlemen for the respective offices named, with the full confidence that the election will meet with your Excellency's cordial approbation, and that they will be commissioned as early as practicable. For Surgeon, Enoch A. Wood; Paymaster, Oliver A. Clary; Quartermaster, John T. Sublett: Adjutant James K. Moss, First Regiment of First Brigade, Third Divis- ion.
If aything is wanting or wrong in the above your excellency will have the kindness to inform me by a line. With great respect, I am your very Obt. Servant,
JOHN H. ROSE.
P. S .- Permit me to inform your excellency that the commission to Jeremiah Bettis, Esq., for Judge of Probate, has never been taken out of the office, and that said J. Bettis has left the county and territory (lives now in Galena, Ill. ) Under th'se circumstances our Acting Judge of Pro- bate James K. Moss fears a delay without further advice what to do. The term prescribed by law (12 months) will have expired before the session of the legislature. I have no particular advice to give neither has E:q. Moss any anxiety further than to acquit himself honourably, but I am free to remark that I think had the good of the county been consulted by some of our delegates instead of personal Splean and rancorous vernlence originating in political they
strife would have acquited them selves with much more honour. The information is that Mr. Hempsted and his friends took a dead set against Judge Moss accusing him of high crimes, etc., etc. All of which had about as much foundation in truth as their violence to your Excellency during the late session of the Legislature.
Very Respectfully, JOHN H. ROSE,
Clerk of the Board of County Commissiones of Jackson County. To Ilis Excellency, Robert Lucas, Governor of Iowa Territory.
Sir :- I am authorised to state that the following gentlemen have been dully nominated for officers in Company A of the first Regiment of the first Brigade of the three divisions of the militia of this Territory and to request that they be commissioned accordingly for Capt. R. C. Bourne : Ist Lieut. Mathew A. Hemington ; 2nd Lieut., John Bropy. If Your Excel-
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lency shall see fit to grant said commission, please forward them to me at this place, and you will much oblige. Yours etc., CHARLES SWAN, Charleston, Dec. 9th. 1839.
Superscription-Charleston, I. T., Dec. 10, His Excellency, Kobt. Lucas, Governor Iowa 'Territory, Burlington. Free.
Belleview, Oct. 1st, 1840, Iowa Territory.
Dear Sır :- Let me recommend to your consideration John Bending as a suitable for Lieutenant Col. of the hrst Regiment and George Walworth of the 2nd Regiment as a suitable to fill the office of Lieuenant Col. in the 2nd Regiment --
And John How for Brigade Inspector.
You will appoint a Col. for the first Regiment as I have no Col. in the Regiment. Col. Rose left last fall and has not returned as yet and there is no probability of his returning to the Territory again. Anson Herrington is I beleave a man that will fill the place of Col. Rose with Credit to him- self and the regiment. Very Respectfully,
Your Obe Servant,
J. G. McDONALD.
Eccel. Robert Lucas-My respects to Gen. Dodge and all is right here and at Dubuque. J. G. McD
[ Note by Adjutant General. ] 3rd Division, Ist Brigade, 2nd Regt., George Walworth. Lt. Col. ; John How, Brigade Inspector, Ist Brigade, 1st Regt. ; Anson Herrington, Colonel; John Bending, Lt. Col. The above commissioned Oct. 9th, 1840.
Belleview, October 1 .- His Excellency Robert Lucas Gov. of lowa, Bur- lington, lowa.
Belle View, Jackson county, I. T., July 20th, A. D., 1839.
To Robert Lucas, Governor of Iowa Territory.
Sır: I have the honour to transmit the names of officers which are re- spectfully submitted for commissions in most of the companies composing the first Regiment, first Brigade and third Division of Militia of Iowa Ter- ritory.
For Company A
James Cliborne, Captain :
Wm. P. Merrill Ist Lieutenant and Israel Day, 2nd Leutenant. For Com- pany C-Henry G. Mallard Capt., Wm Vesburgh Ist Lieut. and Calvin Teeple 2od Lieutenant. For Company D-
John G. McDonald Capt., John Webb Ist Lieuenant and Amasi N. James 2nd Lieut. For Company E-Jeremiah Wood Capt., Thomas Coombs Ist Lieutenant and Wm. L. Harrison 2ni Lieutenant. For Company F-Joseph S. Mallard Capt., Isaac Jonas Ist Lieut. and John Smith 2 .d Lieut. For Company II-David G. Bates Capt., Wm. HI. Stevens 1 t Lieut. and Frank- lin Stukey 2nd Lieut. In Companies B and G. the Officers have not yet been determined on, but will be, and forwarded in a few days agreeable to the orders of Genl. G. Cubbage. Very Respectfully,
OHIN HI. ROSE.
Col. Ist Regt , 1st Brigd .. 3rd Divs., M-I-T.
[Notation on Adjt. Gen. ] Issued 30th July, 1839.
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Belleview, I. T., July 22. - His Excellency Robert Lucas, Burlington, I. T.
To the Adjutant General.
Sir: In obedience to orders from the Major Genl. of the Third Division of the Iowa Militia I have Districted the Second Regiment of the first Brigade of said Division into five Company District , the County of Jones forming four and the county of Deleware one. I have ordered Elections in Said Companies, the following gentlemen have been elected Co. Officers:
Company No. 1 .- Rufus L. Bean, Captain ; Charles Johnson, first Lieu- tenant and George Mefford, Second Lieutenant. Company No. 2 -- George H. Brown, Captain ; Sylvanus Johnson, First Lieutenant and Salmon Peck- ham, Second Lieutenant. Company No. 4. - Captain, Norman Seeley ; First Lieutenant. Joshua Baker; Second Lieutenant, Daniel Garrison. Company No 2 have failed to elect officers or have not sent the returns to me, they will be communicated to you hereafter or the company will be attached to some other. It is the intention to form two rifle companies in this Regi- ment on the first parade day to make out the number of companies requir- ed by law in each Regiment. Yours Respectfully,
C. P. HUTTON,
Col. 2nd R., 1st B , 3rd D. I. M.
Genl. Verplank Van Antwerp,
[ Note by A. G. ] Issued August 1, 1839.
Verplank Van Antwerp, Adjutant General, Burlington, Iowa. Dubuque, July 2 .
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On motion of Gres E.Jetohar the .T.T.s the old society in
By-Laws Incorpora
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Annual Meeting of the Jackson County rect Historical Society.
electe Bittell; T
text.
Maquoketa, lowa Dec. 15th, 1908.
The Jackson County Historical Society held its annual meeting at the office of Secretary J. W. Ellis, Monday evening, Dec. 14th 1908.
Meeting called to order by President Mitchell at 8 p. m. Members pres- ent-G. L. Mitchell, Harry Littell, Harvey Reid, W. C. Gregory, D. A. Fletcher and J. W. Ellis
Report of Secretary read and ordered recorded on the minute book. SECRETARY'S REPORT. Mr. President and Gentlemen :-
Since our last meeting we have issued numbers 4 and 5 of our annals and have received copies of all historical matter published by the Historical Society of Iowa as well as from other State and County Societies.
I have not been able as yet to properly catalogue all the books and pamphlets, which I had hoped to have done before this meeting, but shall endeavor to have a complete catalogue and have the books numbered and arranged in proper manner for circulation before the first of the year. Our little publications are quite popular and are eagerly sought for by public libraries and state historical societies and by individuals, who are interested in the early history of our country.
The officers have found it very difficult to raise money to pay for the publishing of our historical matter from the small amount charged for mem- bership and annual dues and I would recommend that the annual dues of the members raised and the By-Laws amended to permit same.
Respectfully submitted,
J. W. ELLIS, Secretary.
Harvey Reid Treasurer reported as follows: Dec. 13th, 1907, balance as per annual report, $39.57. May 8th. 1908, received from secretary Ellis for membership dues $6.00 making a total of $45.57.
Sept. 4th, 1908, paid Swigart & Son for printing $30.00 same date for stationery for the society $4.00. Paid sexton for care of lot in cemetery $2.00. Total paid out $36.00. Balance in treasury $9.57.
II. REID, Treasurer.
Report ordered placed on file.
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On motion of Gregory, seconded by Fletcher the By-Laws adopted by the old society in April, 1903, was adopted as the By- Laws of the society as incorporated. Carried.
On motion the three directors whose terms were expiring, Mitchell, Reid and Ellis were elected by acclamation to succeed themselves.
On motion Dr. A. B. Bowen was utanimously elected to till vacancy on the board of directors.
No further business appearing society adjourned and the board of di- rectors convened.
On motion the rules were suspended and the following officers were elected by acclamation: President, G. L. Mitchell; Vice- President. Harry Littell; Treasurer, Harvey Reid; Secretary aud Curator, J. W. Ellis
An effort will be made to hold a public meeting of the society early in January No further business appearing board adjoruned to meet on call of president.
J. W. ELLIS, Secretary.
Recently the Jackson County Historical Society received a request from the Librarian of the New Hampshire State Library for a set of the Jackson County Annals. The Curator, J. W. Ellis sent a set and informed the Li- brarian in a letter that the usual custom was to exchange with libraries or, historical societies for similar publications but where there was nothing to exchange, the price was $1.00 each for the books. Tuesday morning Mr. Ellis received by American Express prepaid, fifty pamphlets containing the military history of New Hampshire from its settlement io 1623 to the war of the Rebellion 1861. A book containing an account of the dedication of the Sullivan Monument at Durham, New Hampshire, Sept. 27, 1894. An- other nicely bound book containing addresses delivered at dedication of the Mathew Thornton Monument at Merrimack, N. H , Sept. 29th, 1892. An- other bound book with history of the Perkin's Statue Dedication in Con- cord, April 25th, 1901. Another beautiful bound book on New Hampshire Men at Louisburg, 1745. Another bound book containing history of the statue of John P. Hale presented to the state by Wiliam E. Chandler.
And a report of the commission for the preservation, protection and ap- propriate designation of the Endicott Rock. This is the best exchange the society has ever made and Curator Ellis is very proud of the new acquisi- tion to the Historical Library.
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Contest of Maquoketa for County Seat in 1848.
(By Harvey Reid.)
I found, among the stores of the Iowa Historical Department at Des Moines, some bound volumes of the Weekly Miners Express of Dubuque, in one of which, under date of March 29, 1848 is an appeal to the voters of Jackson county to vote for Maquoketa for the county seat. I did not find any report of the result of the contest. In the volume for the same year, is a report of a Democratic county convention, held in February, 1848. I have copied so much of it as shows the list of delegates elected to the state convention, and two nominations for county officers.
Weekly Miners Express, Dubuque, March 29, 1848.
Mr. Editor: Allow us through your columns to propose to the voters of Jackson county Maquoketa (formerly Springfield) as one of the points to be voted for at the coming election for county seat. There are some reasons why we think it will be the interest of the people to locate their county seat at Maquoketa.
Ist. It has already become a place of considerable business. Many persons tell us that they can trade to as good advantage with our mer- chants as with those of Dubuque and Davenport.
2d. There is in this immediate vicinity any amount of available water power, although but little of it is, as yet, improved. Still we have now in successful operation four saw mills, two custom or grist mills, one carding machine, one fulling mill. etc., and a large flouring mill commenced-all within two miles of Maquoketa.
3d. The people of this place are willing to do right by the county. Wherever the county seat is located, it must enhance the value of property and it is right that those who receive the advantage should pay for it. For this consideration, our citizens have given their obligation to build for the county a Court House that shall cost twice as much as Maquoketa Acad- emy, (which has been put up very economically at a cost of $1300), and to furnish said Academy to hold court until said Court House is finished. To build just such a house at Andrew or any other place in the county would cost the county at least. $5 000 in county orders, -they being worth now fifty cents on the dollar, and should the county incur the additional expense of $5,000, our county orders would be worth less than three bits on the dol- lar.
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We are perfectly aware that the county seat. of itself, will not make a place of interest ; but where a place is already endowed with interest and a considerable trade, it will add something to its importances and in this re- spect, we are wliling to pay for all we get.
There is but one permanent county building now in our county and that is the jail. This will not be lost to the county. let the county seat be located where it may, as there is no particular reason that the jail should be at the county seat.
The following is a copy of our subscription :
We, the undersigned, citizens of Maquoketa (formerly Springfield) and vicinity, Jackson county Iowa, agree that, if the voters of said county will permanently locate the county seat at this place, we will enter into obligations with securities approved by the commissioners of said county to build a Court House within five years, which shall cost not less than twice as much as the Maquoketa Academy, which shall be not less than two thousand dollars, to be built on the site and after the plan proposed by the proper authorities of the county. And we further argee that, until said Court House is completed. we will furnish a better room for holding courts in than we have ever had in the county.
The nature of the obligation shall be such as to hold each person indi- vidually responsible for the amount of his subscription for the purpose above mentioned.
Maquoketa, Jackson county, Iowa, February 24, 1848. J E Goodenow $400 00
Mark Current.
50.00
Thomas M. Wright .. 50 00
Elial Nims
5.00
James Clark [qu. Jonas]
100 00
Ralph Wright.
50.00
Samuel Hart
10.00
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J. Shaw. 300.00
Frederick Bracken 5.00
Azor Ruscoe 10 00
Jason Pangborn 100.00
Joseph McCloy
100.00
Daniel Rhodes 20.00
William Current 100 00
John Riggs 20 00
F. A. Chenoweth 25.00
Edwin Kirkup 25.00
David Bentley 25.00
25 00
Josepn Current
50 00
Rufus Fisk (mason work)
25.00
Ashel Ilall
50.00
Zalmon Livermore 300.00
C. P. Gordon (lightning rod)
20.00
Alfred Wright.
William Phillips. 50.00
A
Miners Express, March 1, 1848.
Democratic County Convention, Jackson county, at Andrew, Feb 17,' 1848. Payton R Seamands of Perry, chairman, E. Dorr of Richland secre- tary.
THE SETT DELEGATES
Bellevue-R. F. Barry, Joel Ball, A. Harrington, W. Wood. TOWNSHIP
Jackson-John Garery, Thos H. O'Connor, W. M. Spiles, W. P. John- SOD.
Van Buren-D. S. Swaney. D. M. Caton, M. W. Tisdale, O. Farley.
Fairfield-Walter Henry. Wm. Reed, Wm. Jones.
South Fork. - Wm. Currant, Stephen Lampora, D. S. Wright.
Farmers Creek-David Shingles probably Shinkle. 0
Prairie Springs-Sylvester Stevens James Lane, G. W. Belknap.
Perry-F. Bangs, Patrick Mullen, P. K. Seamonds, M H. Clark. Richland-J. Sil-by, O Sawtell E. Dorr.
Maquoketa-J. E. Goodenow, F. A Chenoweth, David Chandler. Union-David Schramblin.
The Convention appointed the following delegates to State Convention : Maquoketa-J E. Goodenow.
Perry-John Francis, S. S. Glenn.
Butler-D. A. Mahony
Fairfield-John Holroyd.
Van Buren-R. B. Wyckoff.
Bellevue-A. Harrington.
Union-Wm Hubbell.
Tete des Morts-Thomson Hays
Wm. Hubbell of Union towt ship, was nominated for School Fund Com- missioner, and D. A. Mahony of Butler, for Prosecuting Attorney. The Convention adopted a long string of resolutions. tilling about a column of the paper. The next issue showed that Mahony declined. and F. A. Chen- oweth, next highest candidate, was put on the ticket by the County Com- mittee Mr. Mahony soon after removed to Dubuque and became the well known editor of the Dubuque Herald. Some interesting items of the per- sonal history of Mr. Chenoweth are appended being gleaned from the An- dreas History of Scott County, Iowa. Scott Co. History, Page 1152-
"Rev. Mr. Chenowith was located in Liberty township. Scott county, in 1842. [Big Rock is on north line of township, and Dixon on east line. ] He afterwards married Hannah Logan, daughter of Andrew Logan, editor of the Iowa Sun. He soon af er quit preaching built a small house north of Duck Creek, and tried farming. He then studied law, moved to Maquo- keta, remained there a few years, then left for Oregon. His wife died on the way at Fort Kearney. Mr. Chenowith subsequently became judge in Washington Territory."
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THE SETTLEMENT OF BRANDON TOWNSHIP.
Levi Wagoner's Last Installment of His Articles on the Early Pioneers Who Settled in the Forests of Brandon Township in the 40's and 50's.
Among the pioneer settlers there are a few in the eastern part of Brand- on township in Jackson county who have been overlooked and are worthy of mention. Among these may be named Nathan Metheney, Eli Metheny, Henry Snodgrass, Wash Snodgrass, Joseph Snodgrass, Hugh Snodgrass Ce- phus Clark, Sr., Andrew Clark, all of whom were here prior to 1850 and were already fairly well staked down when the waiter came in quest of land the same year at which time there was still an abundance of government land in this part of Jackson county. There were also in the eastern part of Brandon township, the Tracy brothers, Bazil and Henry F. Tracy, and their father, Elijah Tracy, Jesse Willison, Jesse Burkey. All the above named were among those who formed the first settlement in this part of the county, and whose lands usually joined each other so that formed com- munity fairly well settled from the start. Still farther west and around Emeline were others who ante-dated those already named The Sinkey brothers, James and Matthew, Clark Cooley, Titus Cooley, Eldad Cooley and Wm. Martin arrived in 1844 and '45.
At that time the country hereabouts was an unbroken forest, with but few clear places that exceeded 10 acres in scope, and a stranger in passing through this forest of tall timber would little suspect that he was in the midst of a settlement where more than half the land was occupied without being able to see from one cabin to another. In these early times much of the fine timber was cut and rolled into log heaps and burned to get It off the ground, and by this means the settlers added each year a little more to his little farm. But this waste did not long continue, for as soon as the settling of the prairie lands on either side began to be settled, there sprung up a brisk demand for all kinds of lumber, shingles, pickets, rails and fence posts. Even firewood was frequently hauled out from 10 to 20 miles, and much of the time of these first settlers was given to supply the needs of the adjacent prairies, which became general till the large body of
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timber between the Maquoketa rivers was reduced to farm lands.
Jackson county's pioneers were for the most part from Ohio and Penn- sylvania, and had mostly come into this territory in 1840 with a few excep- tions which dated back to 1836. Some of these first settlers were soon boasting of being well tixed. Being well fixed at that early date consisted in having a well chinked cabin covered with clapboards, and at least one window to admit light and sunshine, and a floor made out of split plauk that were heavy enough to stay in place without being nailed down. These plauk being thus Jose on the sleepers or joists made it very conven- ient to take up and to stow away garden vegetables in a hole beneath the floor, which constituted the cellar. Each cabin was provided with a large fireplace, often large enough to admit wood 4 and 5 feet long. It was ne- cessary to have long frontage to allow the good housewife to prepare the meals at one corner, while the family occupied the other to warm by, for in those days cook stoves were not known. Some of the best equipped resi- dences were built double with hall between and fireplace in each apartment, which made a house of two rooms, however, these could only be found among the well-to-do. Barns were built in the same way, timber being so pleutiful that only the choicest was used for building purposes. This was virtually the center of this largest body of timber in Iowa, 25 miles in length and an average breadth of over 7 miles. Here was where the writer hrst saw, what appeared to be, the true elements for an attractive home.
In 1855, there was another heavy influx of settlers that took up the yet remaining unoccupied lands. Among these may be named Wm. Dick, John Snodgrass, Wm. Snodgrass, Harvey Humphrey, Michael Kirby, Alexander Davis, Painter Davis, John Lazier. Dr. West, Lucius West and others. Among these last named was also Eli Beck, a school companion of the writer, who by accident, lost the use of his left hand, and on account of which Mr. Beck determined to establish the first store on what was then known as Alden's four corner, the present site of Emeline. Mr. Beck erec- ted a building:12x16 feet and here placed a stock of groceries of $300, all told. His business was a success from the start and in eighteen months his assets had increased to over $1,000, at which time he sold out. He started again at Otter Creek in Jackson county on a much larger scale, where in six years he accumulated holdings that amounted over $20,000. After this Mr. Beck sold out and returned to his native state where he again entered into com- mercial business for a number of years, is still living and is now one of the retired men of Greensburgh, Penn.
Among the first named of the pioneer settlers were several who had served in two wars. Clark Cooley was a teamster under General William HI. Harrison in 1812-13, and the writer frequently had the opportunity to inter- view him. In regard to his experience in northern Ohio during that war. On one occasion, Mr. Cooley was in a talkative mood and told the writer the following story : "I was 16 years old when I hired to drive an os-team in Gen. Harrison's army in northern Ohio, and my business was to have army supplies from the base of supply about sixty miles to where the army
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was temporarily encamped at Lake Erie. I was furnished, as many others were, with two yoke of oxen, and a heavy wagon covered with canvas. At this time the roads were extremely bad for it was after a prolonged wet spell late in the fall of 1813, and Harrison's army was running short of pro- visions on account of delay in the provision wagons on account of heavy roads. One day when I was within two miles of camp with my load drawn by four stout oxen, I got stuck in a mud hole in the road. I was there over an hour and had already exhausted my oxmanship in a plan to get out, and had concluded to unload at least a part of the load and carry it along to a place where a firmer footing could be found. I was discouraged and fatigued. as was also my noble team. I had expected that other teams that were be- hind me would soon overtake me from which I might get help but none showed up. In my predicament I looked up and then down the road when I saw several men on horseback coming toward me. I strained my eyes to see if I could discover whether they were friends or enemies As they came near- er l discerned them as General Harrison's staff officers. The General him- selt, with a single companion, was riding a few rods behind the other braves who were already passing around my mud-stuck wagon without even taking a look at my condition. Presently the old General with his other companion came up the the General suddenly stopped his horse to take in the situation and then raised himself in his stirrups, and in a somewhat irritable tone shouted out a halt to the officers that were already several roads ahead. At this, the men came to a sudden stop and faced about. The General then beckoned and they started toward him and as soon as they arrived the Gen- eral ordered them to dismount, and then addressed himself as follows: This wagon is our wagon, and this team is our team, and this boy is our driver, and there is no way for us to get away from here till we have helped this boy out of the mud.', The General then addressed himself to me, and said : 'Have you an axe about your wagon,' which I answered by producing it from the wagon. The General took the axe in his bacds and held it up, and said to his braves, 'Take this axe and go to wherever you can find four poles about fourteen feet long and bring them here.' Although the men were high in rank and bigots too because of it they obeyed the order at once, and while the men were getting the poles the General talked to me as he would to a comrade, asked me my name and place of residence. of the folks at home in the most common way, and very soon all my embarassment had left me By this time the men were coming back with the first installment of two poles, one of the men thinking that would be enough. But the General merely said to bring just two more, and the men again started and soon returned with the required number. He now placed the poles under the hubs and then his men to the poles and said to the men to get themselves on their best footing and when he said lift let every man do his best. Hle then asked me the name of my oxen which I gave him as Broad & Bright and Ben & Diman. At this he smiled and said, that was in part, at least, the names of the oxen that he used to drive. He then asked me to lend him my gad with the long lash with which he straighten- ed the oxen into line with the road, and patted the cattle on their sides
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