USA > Iowa > Black Hawk County > History of Black Hawk County, Iowa, and its people, Volume I > Part 49
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The show was shortly afterward located permanently at Waterloo and a tract of ground was bought adjacent to Electric Park. On this land large, commodious buildings were constructed to house the exhibition. The site is accessible from the street cars and to automobilists, being located on the Cedar Falls road. There are ample display grounds for agricultural exhibitors and a big exposition hall. Each year the exhibits are becoming larger and the attending crowds vaster The show is looked upon by dairy and creamery men throughout the United States as one of the most, if not the most, important of its kind in existence. In the last show there were prize herds entered from Indiana, Wisconsin, Ken- tucky, Illinois, Ontario, Connecticut, Arizona, New York, Minnesota, Pennsyl- vania and Iowa. The butter contest and exhibit is becoming a very important feature.
Two years ago the Cattle Congress was capitalized for $50,000, most of the stock being subscribed. The present officers are: President, J. R. Vaughan ; secretary and manager, H. G. Van Pelt; treasurer, Fred Stewart; directors, J. C. Koeneke, J. R. Vaughan, Ben Lichty, H. G. Van Pelt, Harry Kiester, W. R. Law, Fred Stewart.
IIISTORY OF BREEDS
The domestic cattle of the world are probably descended from one parent stock, but variation began at a very early period. Through ancient sculptures and other records cattle can be traced back at least four thousand years, and the best evidence shows that animals of different types were then known. In various parts of the world there are now cattle so distinct in their characteristics as to justify the claim to be regarded as breeds and these breeds exceed one hundred in number.
The different breeds of cattle to be found in the United States all came from Great Britain and the western portions of Europe and it is not at all unlikely that
407
HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY
they have a common origin in the wild cattle which existed in the ancient forests of Europe. These were described by Julius Caesar, Pliny and other Latin writers almost two thousand years ago. They were also mentioned frequently in the chronicles of the Middle Ages. In the early history of these cattle natural causes tended to divide them into two general classes; first, those adapted to the more mountainous and less fertile districts of the country, and, second, those of the plains and richer regions. The former, owing to the greater scarcity of food and more difficulty in obtaining it, were smaller, more rugged and rougher in type than the better-fed animals of the latter class. Later, breeding and artificial conditions, together with natural causes, resulted in additional variations in cattle and led to the distinctions which became fixed in different breeds. The chief characteristics resulting from man's interference and control were to be first seen, on the one hand, in a tendency of the animals to mature at an early age and easily lay on flesh and fat, and, on the other hand, in prolonging the natural period of milk flow and increasing the milk product much beyond the needs of the calf.
At the present time each of the various recognized breeds of domestic cattle may be satisfactorily placed in one of two great classes designated, respectively, as beef cattle and dairy cattle.
AYRSHIRES
The County of Ayrshire, in the southwest part of Scotland, stretches for eighty miles along the lower portion of the River Clyde and the Irish Sea. The surface is undulating in large part, with moory hills, much woodland, and a climate moist and rather windy, although not severe. It is a region of moderate fertility, with natural pasturage so distributed that grazing animals must travel long distances in a day to satisfy their hunger.
In this County Ayrshire cattle were brought into their present fixed form. The breed is among the youngest of well established type. The Ayrshire breed has been built up in the last century by the liberal use of blood from the cattle of England, Holland and the Channel Islands. The breed bears strong reseni- blance to the Jersey in certain features ; and in form, color and horn it resembles the wild white cattle of Chillingham Park.
The first Ayrshires in America were brought to New York in 1822. They were imported into New England in 1830 and into Canada in 1837.
Ayrshires are of medium size among dairy cattle. The bulls attain a weight of 1,400 to 1,800 pounds at maturity, sometimes being larger. The cows weigh 900 to 1,100 pounds in a well maintained herd. They are short legged, fine boned and very active. The general form is of the wedge shape, regarded as typical of dairy cows of quality. The prevailing color of the body is red and white, variously proportioned, in spots, not mixed. The Ayrshire is a large and per- sistent milker. A yield of 5,500 pounds a year, as an average for a working herd in good hands, is depended upon and often realized. The milk of the breed is not exceptionally rich but somewhat above the average.
408
HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY
BROWN SWISS
Switzerland has been famous as a dairying country for some centuries. It is especially noted for cheese and it is said that seventeen different kinds are regularly exported to other countries.
The Brown Swiss is a breed better known in the United States. It is also called Brown Switzer, but more properly Brown Schwyzer, from the Canton Schwyz, where the breed originated. The first pure bred animals of this type brought to the United States comprised one bull and seven heifers imported to Massachusetts in the fall of 1869.
The Brown Swiss may be placed in the second class as to size among the dis- tinctly dairy breeds. They are substantial, fleshy, and well proportioned, with very straight, broad back, heavy legs and neck. Although generally described as being brown in color, the brown runs through various shades and often into a mouse color and sometimes a brownish dun. Developed as a dairy breed pri- marily, Brown Swiss cows yield a generous flow of milk.
GUERNSEYS
The Island of Guernsey is the second in size of the Channel Islands and lies farthest to the west in this group. There are only about five thousand cattle owned upon this island, but by a long continued policy of excluding all live cattle from within its limits the stock of this island has been built up into a distinct breed. The origin and history of Jersey and Guernsey cattle are practically the same, but in the development of the latter more characteristics of the parent stock of Normandy, France, have been retained. At present, however, Guernseys can be better compared to Jerseys than to any other breed.
It is difficult to say when the Guernsey cattle began to come to the United States, but a few are known to have been owned near Philadelphia prior to 1850. In America, as in England, all Channel Island cattle imported were long called Alderneys irrespective of the island from which they came. But between 1870 and 1875 the Guernsey here became recognized as a breed.
Guernseys are a size larger than Jerseys, stronger boned, and a little coarser. They are claimed to be hardier and larger milkers but both these points are disputed. They are generally very handsome and attractive cows. They are light in color, yellow and orange predominating, with considerable white, usually in large patches on the body and on the legs.
The cows of this breed produce liberal quantities of milk and it is of un- common richness in butter fat and in natural color.
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
The strongly marked black and white cattle of North Holland and Friesland constitute one of the very oldest and most notable of the dairy herds. The historians of this breed claim that it can be traced back for more than 2,000 years. Tradition has it that two ancient tribes located upon the shores of the North Sea before the beginning of the Christian era; one possessed a race of cattle pure white and the other a kind all black. Men and cattle then became amal-
409
HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY
gamated, forming the people and herds that for centuries have occupied that region. These cattle have been known by several different names in both Europe and America. Holland cattle, North Hollanders, Dutch cattle, Holsteins, Dutch Friesians, Netherland cattle and Holstein-Friesians are all the same cattle.
The large frame, strong bone, abundance of flesh, silken coat, extreme docility and enormous milk yield of the Holstein-Friesians result from the rich and lux- uriant herbage of the very fertile and moist reclaimed lands upon which the breed had been perfected. The early Dutch families took as much care of their cattle as they did of their children, hence the development of the breed.
Winthrop W. Chenery of Massachusetts made the first importations of this breed between the years 1857 and 1862.
The striking features in the appearance of this breed are the color markings of black and white and the large size of the animals of both sexes. The shining jet black contrasts vividly with the pure white, the fine, silky hair being upon a soft and mellow skin of medium thickness. In some animals the black pre- dominates and in others the white. In size the Holsteins are the largest of any cattle breed. These large cattle produce milk in proportion to their size, being known as enormous milkers.
JERSEYS
The Island of Jersey, among the Channel Islands, is the home of the Jersey cattle.
A few Jersey cattle, then known as Alderneys, were brought to the United States prior to 1840, but importations did not become active until after the middle of the century. Connecticut, Massachusetts and New Jersey led in introducing this breed to America and from 1860 to 1890 importations were very numerous.
Jerseys are the smallest in average size of the noted dairy breeds, but the average weight of the cattle in America is considerably more than in their native home. In color this breed varies more than any other. For a time there was a craze for "solid colored" animals in this country and many persons have the idea that no pure Jersey has any white upon it. This is entirely erroneous. There are pure registered Jerseys of all shades of brown to deep black and of various shades of yellow, fawn and tan colors to a creamy white; also mouse color or squirrel gray, some light red and a few brindle. Bulls range much darker in color than the cows. For scores of years Jerseys have been bred almost exclusively for butter.
The following tables will be interesting to the one following the dairy industry as a profession, and may prove of benefit to the farmer with perhaps two or three pure bred cows. The tables were compiled years ago but according to a noted dairy expert still hold good.
COMPARISON OF DAIRY BREEDS
No. I, Cheese Test, Fifteen Days
Milk
Fat in Milk,
Cheese Made,
Price Cheese,
Cost Feed. dollars.
Net Gain, dollars.
Cows in Test.
25 Jerseys
. 13,296.4
601.91
1451.8
13.36
98.14
119.82
25 Guernseys
10,938.6
488.42
II 30.6
11.95
76.25
88.30
25 Shorthorns
12,186.9
436.60
1077.6
13.00
99.36
81.36
Produced, pounds.
pounds.
pounds.
cents.
410
HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY
No. 2, 90-day Butter Test
Milk Produced,
Fat in Milk,
Butter
Proceeds
Cost
Net
Credited,
of Butter,
Feed,
Gain,
Cows in Test.
pounds.
pounds.
pounds.
dollars.
dollars.
dollars.
25 Jerseys
73,488.8
3516.08
4274.01
1747-37
587.50
1323.81
25 Guernseys
61,781.7
2784.56
3360.43
I355.44
484.14
997.64
24 Shorthorns
. 66,263.2
2409.97
2890.87
1171.77
501.79
910.12
Average Per Day and Per Cow (No. 2)
Milk Produced, Fat in Milk,
Fat,
Cows in Test.
pounds.
pounds.
per cent.
Cost Feed, cents.
Jerseys
.32.7
1.56
4.78
26.1
Guernseys
.27.5
1.21
4.51
21.5
Shorthorns
.30.7
1.12
3.64
23.2
Averages for All Breeds and Lactation Periods Av. Yields Per Lactation Periods. Food
Average Cost of-
Cows Lactation Included, Periods,
Milk,
Butter Fat, pounds.
per cent.
cents.
cents.
cents.
Ayrshire
10
20
6909
248.5
3.60
14.5
78.5
21.5
Devon
3
5
3984
183.3
4.60
10.3
94.0
20.5
Guernsey
8
IO
6210
322.9
5.20
13.5
82.8
15.8
Holstein
9
IO
8215
282.0
3.43
17.2
74.7
21.5
Jersey
9
18
5579
301.I
5.40
13.9
94.7
17.4
Shorthorn
4
5
8696
345.4
3.97
14.3
78.7
19.4
Average Composition of Milk of Different Breeds
Total
Solids
Milk
Nitro-
Daily
Analy-
per
per
per
per
per cent.
cent.
cent.
pounds.
Ayrshire
.252
86.95
13.06
9.35 9.60
4.15
3.76
5.07
.698 .760
.595
12.65
Guernsey
II2
85.39
14.60
9.47
5.12
3.61
5.II
.753
-570
16.00
Holstein
132
87.62
12.39
9.07
3.46
3.39
4.84
.735
.540
22.65
Jersey
238
84.60
15.40
9.80
5.61
3.91
5.15
-743
.618
14.07
Fat,
Casein, Sugar,
Ash
gen,
Milk
Breed.
sis.
per cent.
cent.
cent.
cent.
cent.
3.43
5.33
.543
18.40
Devon
72
86.26
13.77
DAIRY JOURNALS
In the interests of the dairy industry and all that pertains to the same there are four publications issued from Waterloo, published by the Fred L. Kimball Company, and devoted exclusively to the industry for the benefit of the farmer and specialist.
The Creamery Journal was started by Fred I .. Kimball in the year 1890. The Egg Reporter was established in 1893 and Kimball's Dairy Farmer in 1902. The Fred L. Kimball Company was incorporated after Mr. Kimball's death. Later Kimball's Dairy Farmer was incorporated as a separate institution, the company retaining the majority of the stock. In February, 1912, the Kimball family interests in the company were absorbed by E. R. Shoemaker and John Andrews. On October 1, 1913. Kimball's Dairy Farmer Company was absorbed
Produc- ing 100 Pounds
ing One
Eaten
Pound
Av. Fat, Per Day, of Milk,
of Fat,
Breed.
number. number. pounds.
No. Water, Solids, Not Fat,
per
per
Yield,
3.57
Produc-
411
HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY
by the Fred L. Kimball Company. Hugh Van Pelt and A. E. Haswell have since become interested in the company. The Milk Trade Journal was established in the year 1912.
Kimball's Dairy Farmer is published in the interest of the men who breed, raise, milk, feed, own, develop and sell dairy cattle. This paper is published semi-monthly and has a circulation of 115,000.
The Creamery Journal is a trade publication, reaching the butter handling and the butter making trade. It is published semi-monthly and has a circulation of 5,000.
The Milk Trade Journal is published for the milk dealers of America. It is issued monthly to 6,000 subscribers.
The Egg Reporter is a paper for the egg and poultry shippers, the buyers, dealers in and handlers of live and dressed poultry and eggs. This paper is published eighteen times a year. The circulation is 7,500.
The officers of the Fred L. Kimball Company are now: John Andrews, president ; Hugh G. Van Pelt, vice president; A. E. Haswell, secretary; E. R. Shoemaker, treasurer. The above are directors.
BREEDERS
To name all the breeders in Black Hawk County who have from one pure bred cow up to a full herd would be impractical. There are many men owning registered cattle, which is no more than could be expected in a district noted as the dairy cattle center of the country.
The Guernsey are represented chiefly by the herd owned by W. W. Marsh, including "Queenie," a cow reputed to be worth $40,000. This herd is the famous J. Pierpont Morgan herd and has been exhibited all over the United States.
The principal breeder of the Holstein and Ayrshire cattle is William Galloway. Others are the McKay Brothers, Harry Smucker, E. Dierks, Hamer Brothers, T. Hanson of Cedar Falls, Peder Pedersen, and F. S. Miller of Orange Township. Dierks has shipped cattle to the Hawaiian Islands for breeding purposes. Mc- Kay Brothers once owned the famous cow, Tilly Alcartra 123459, who recently made the world's record for milk production. On November 13, 1914, this cow finished a year of semi-official test with a production of 30,452.6 pounds of milk and 1,189.12 pounds of butter. She is the only cow that ever produced over 30,000 pounds of milk in one year. She is now owned by A. W. Morris & Sons Corporation, California.
The Shoemaker, Van Pelt, Maine herd of Jerseys is the largest herd in the Mississippi Valley.
CHAPTER XIX
CLIMATOLOGY
The following table is prepared with a view of presenting the three most important phases of weather, the phases which mostly interest the ordinary reader. The weather reports which have been kept in the past years have in the main been complete and instructive, but occasional lapses of record have necessitated the omission of the figures for certain months of former years. The table, however, is as complete as can be secured. For convenience, the figures of one month for all years are given together, the figures being the mean average for the stated time :
JANUARY
Year.
Temperature, Degrees.
Precipitation, Inches.
Snowfall, Inches.
1883
.I
....
1885
4.03
T
I7
1886
9.I
261/2
1887
9.0
1888
6.1
1889
21.5
...
. .. .
1890
:9.8
....
. .. .
1891
18.5
..
...
1892
14.3
9/16
1/4
1895
10.9
1.25
4.
1896
20.6
.51
3.2
1897
16.1
1.78
7.4
1898
18.2
.27
2.0
1899
24.0
.70
3.5
I 900
22.
1.07
6.0
190I
20.5
.93
7.0
1902
22.
.17
1.3
1903
12.6
.71
6.0
1904
9.4
.74
8.0
1905
22.3
2.94
18.7
1906
18.0
1.43
5.0
1907
25.6
.37
4.5
1908
23.2
2.61
5.0
1909
21.2
1.45
6.0
...
413
414
HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY
Year.
Temperature, Degrees.
Precipitation, Inches.
Snowfall, Inches.
15.8
1.49
14.0
19II
17.8
.39
35
1912
2.0
.73
4.5
1913
18.0
.57
8.0
+161
25.86
.83
2.5
FEBRUARY
1 883
11.5
....
. ...
1885
9.09
..
1886
20.0
1.2
26.5
1887
18.9
.
...
..
... .
1892
27.9
.25
8.0
1895
II.8
.48
4.0
1 896
24.9
.42
3.4
1897
23.3
.87
8.4
1898
21.7
1.19
10.0
1899
12.
1.18
IO.0
1900
13.2
1.24
6.0
1901
15.9
1.06
II.O
1902
15.6
1.47
3.5
1903
20.2
1.37
10.25
1904
14.3
.48
4.5
1905
12.
1.46
II.O
1906
20.5
1.20
6.5
1907
24.1
.57
4.0
1908
24.6
2.06
IO.0
1909
24.7
1.32
7.0
1910
15.0
.50
5.0
19II
21.5
2.88
II.O
1912
14.0
.94
9.5
1913
26.0
.63
7.1
1914
12.9
.78
4.0
MARCII
1883
2.725
.
.
1885
28.47
. . . .
1886
32.4
.75
13.25
1887
32.6
. .
...
1888
27.1
...
1889
39.4
....
. ...
1889
18.0
....
. .. .
1890
26.5
. ...
. ...
1891
19.4
1888
17.9
415
HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY
Year. .
Temperature, Degrees.
Precipitation, Inches.
Snowfall, Inches.
1890
27.2
.
. .
1891
27.4
. . . .
1892
32.4
1.7
6.0
1895
32.
.41
3.5
1896
30.3
.54
2.3
1897
31.0
1.54
3.0
1898
37.2
1.89
3.5
1899
23.4
2.23
2.2
1900
28.7
2.86
13.0
190I
32.8
2.95
9.0
1902
37.5
2.29
...
1903
38.2
1.60
12.0
1904
34.I
2.84
5.5
1905
39.0
1.96
6.0
1906
27.9
2.14
2.3
1907
40.5
2.26
3.0
1908
37.7
1.61
1909
32.0
1.81
12.0
1910
47.0
.09
I9II
39.0
.71
.75
1912
23.3
1.34
12.0
1913
30.0
3.30
. .
1914
33.02
1.52
. . . .
APRIL
1883
48.56
. .. .
1885
47.0
4.5
1886
52.8
2.5
...
1887
50.I
1.7
...
1888
48.7
. .
...
1889
48.7
....
1890
52.0
. . . .
....
1891
49.6
.
.
1892
45.4
4.3
6.5
1895
52.8
2.07
5.0
1896
53.5
6.65
5.5
1897
46.2
5.16
. . .
1898
47.0
2.09
1899
48.3
2.38
. . . .
1900
51.5
2.79
...
1901
49.5
1.56
. . . .
1902
47.3
1.28
. . . .
1903
49.1
2.67
. . . .
1904
43.2
2.74
. .. .
1905
47.0
2.60
. . . .
416
HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY
Year.
Temperature, Degrees.
Precipitation, Inches.
Snowfall, Inches.
1906
51.3
1.55
1907
42.3
.94
1908
49.5
2.40
· ...
1909
42.6
6.49
. .. .
1910
52.3
2.07
...
I911
44.5
2.27
.90
1912
48.I
.87
.. .
1913
49.6
1.42
1914
47.3
2.58
. ...
MAY
1885
57.00
6.5
1886
62.8
4.0
1887
65.3
2.3
1 888
54.I
.
..
...
1 890
57.4
. . ..
. . .
1891
56.4
....
...
1892
54.8
II.25
. . . .
1895
61.8
4.91
1896
65.8
6.13
1897
57.3
2.03
. . . .
1898
59.4
4.22
. . . .
1899
59.8
6.08
. . . .
1900
63.6
1.37
. . . .
190I
60.8
1.79
...
1902
63.3
8.54
1903
61.4
8.05
1904
58.8
4.62
1905
57.6
5.66
1906
60.2
3.35
1907
52.4
3.06
1908
59.6
6.49
...
1909
57.0
1.83
...
1910.
56.2
2.05
. . .
19II
64.15
6.27
. . . .
1912
60.3
1.78
. . . .
1913
60.5
6.91
. . . .
1914
61.06
3.73
. . . .
JUNE
1885
67.84
8.5
...
1886
70.6
2.5
. . . .
1887
73.4
2.5
. . . .
1888
72.2
. ...
... .
.
.
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
...
. . . .
417
HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY
Year.
Temperature, Degrees.
Precipitation, Inches.
Snowfall, Inches.
1889
67.0
1890
74.6
..
1891
69.3
. . . .
...
1892
68.8
IO.2
1895
71.3
2.22
. . . .
1896
70.4
2.60
. .. .
1897
66.3
4.32
...
1898
70.7
4.31
.. .
I 899
70.4
6.94
. ...
1900
69.1
5.47
. .. .
1901
71.8
3.48
. .. .
1902
64.5
6.81
...
1903
63.8
1.93
....
1904
66.8
1.43
.. .
1905
69.0
5.63
1906
68.0
1.64
1907
66.3
6.4I
1908
67.6
3.69
1909
69.1
6.21
. .. .
1910
70.0
1.84
. . . .
191 1
72.2
3.02
... .
1912
65.2
2.60
. .. .
1913
67.5
I.61
....
1914
70.46
7.70
... .
JULY
1885
75.52
9.0
....
1886
77.8
2.0
. . . .
1887
77.9
5.3
. . .
1888
79.0
.. .
. .. .
1889
67.0
.
.. .
. .. .
1890
74.6
. .. .
. .. .
1891
69.3
...
. . . .
1892
72.8
6.5
... .
1895
73.I
1.03
... .
1896
72.6
7.93
. . . .
1897
74.9
4.16
1898
72.8
1.61
...
1899
72.I
7.92
·
...
1900
81.8
3.04
... .
190I
72.7
II.61
....
1902
72.5
9.08
. .
1903
70.I
3.56
...
1904
71.I
4.35
.. . .
1905
Vol. I -27
73.7
1.66
. . . .
...
418
HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY
Year.
Temperature, Degrees.
Precipitation, Inches.
Snowfall, Inches.
1906
71.0
3.01
1907
74.3
4.80
1908
74.1
4.87
.
.. .
1 909
72.4
1.20
. . . .
1910
75.3
.84
19II
74.01
3.96
..
1912
73.3
6.23
1913
74.7
2.10
. .
1914
76.56
1.08
. . ..
AUGUST
1 885
67.27
II.O
. ...
1886
72.2
4.0
. . .
1 887
77.6
3.5
...
1 888
73.4
1889
77.2
.
.
. . . .
1890
68.3
...
. .
1891
68.5
..
. .
1895
72.6
4.68
. . .
1 896
71.3
3.29
. .
1897
68.3
1.25
...
1898
71.0
3.47
.
1899
73.6
3.59
.
.
1 900
77.5
3.48
. .
1901
73.0
1.40
.. .
1902
68.8
7.70
.
..
1903
68.0
5.17
1904
68.4
2.93
. .
1905
73.0
4.41
. . . .
1906
74.8
2.87
1907
70.9
4.94
...
1908
69.1
3.61
. . . .
1909
76.3
1.94
. . .
1910
72.5
4.II
...
19II
58.0
6.33
....
1912
68.7
6.40
. . . .
1913
73.62
2.40
.. .
1914
72.88
1.42
. .. .
SEPTEMBER
1885
62.23
.25
. . . .
1886
63.3
9.8
. . . .
1887
62.3
12.0
1888
60.9
. . . .
. . . .
.
...
...
419
HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY
Year.
Temperature, . Degrees.
Precipitation, Inches.
Snowfall, Inches.
1889
60.6
1890
58.5
1891
66.3
..
...
1895
66.7
4.01
... .
1896
57.9
4.36
. . .
1897
70.0
2.77
....
1898
65.1
2.07
1899
61.6
.84
. .. .
1900
64.0
5.48
190I
62.8
3.57
.. .
1902
59.0
4.86
1903
60.0
2.75
. . . .
1904
64.0
2.15
. . . .
1905
65.4
3.05
. .. .
1906
67.7
2.59
... .
1907
63.4
3.26
... .
1908
67.6
1.38
. .. .
1909
62.3
2.08
. .
1910
62.8
2.98
. . . .
19II
65.0
2.43
. . . .
1912
65.5
5.75
. .
1913
63.26
3.90
. . . .
1914
63.30
9.76
. . . .
OCTOBER
1885
46.40
4.3
.25
1886
53.8
6.0
1887
45.5
I.8
1888
48.9
. . . .
.. .
1889
46.6
. . . .
. . . .
1890
48.4
. . . .
.
. .
1891
48.5
. . . .
1895
45.2
.64
...
1896
47.I
2.86
. .
1897
56.0
.93
.. .
IS98
47.2
4.79
. .. .
1899
56.3
1.55
.
. .
1900
58.5
4.14
. .
1901
53-7
2.18
. .
1902
53.2
1.50
... .
1903
51.6
2.00
. . .
1904
53.7
1.24
. .. .
1905
49.9
3.38
... .
1906
51.I
2.25
. . . .
1907
50.6
1.54
. . . .
420
HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY
Year.
Temperature, Degrees.
Precipitation, Inches.
Snowfall, Inches.
1908
52.0
2.70
1909
48.6
1.43
1910
54.6
.44
... .
I9II
49.5
5.63
. ...
1912
51.4
1.91
. . . .
1913
49.54
4.II
. . . .
1914
56.26
4.32
. . . .
NOVEMBER
IS8 5
36.63
1.5
.5
1886
32.0
2.5
6.75
I887
34.2
. . .
. . . .
ISS8
37.5
. . .
. . .
1889
31.9
. .. .
. .. .
1890
37.4
. ...
....
I891
31.03
....
...
1895
34.4
1.73
4.6
1896
28.9
1.86
2.0
1897
32.7
.62
.5
1898
31.9
1.97
9.0
1899
43.3
1.38
. .. .
1900
32.1
.97
4.0
1901
34.3
.84
3.0
1902
41.9
1.83
2.2
1903
35.I
.19
...
1904
40.6
.21
. . . .
1905
39.6
2.60
..
1906
34.9
2.94
7.5
1907
37-3
.92
1.2
1908
39.0
1.72
.7
1909
42.7
3.06
4.0
1910
32.7
.44
2.5
19II
27.9
1.19
1.25
1912
38.86
.97
..
1913
43.18
1.20
. .
1914
39.36
.35
. ...
DECEMBER
1885
23.96
1.3
9.
1886
15.3
.0
15.3
1887
22.54
...
. .. .
1888
29.35
...
. . .
1890
26.68
. . .
.
1891
32.8
. .. .
. . . .
421
HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY
Year.
Temperature, Degrees.
Precipitation, Inches.
Snowfall, Inches.
1895
25.0
1.52
3.5
1896
28.5
.45
I.3
1897
15.2
1.52
16.0
I898
17.4
.33
1.O
1899
21.7
1.80
2.5
1900
26.3
.98
2.7
1901
19.0
.59
2.5
1902
19.5
1.94
9.7
1903
18.4
.37
5.0
I904
22.4
2.66
23.0
1905
26.8
.73
7.2
1906
26.2
2.10
3.0
1907
28.6
.76
4.5
1908
26.7
.57
4.0
1909
15.0
2.55
14.5
1910
22.5
.47
5.0
I9II
27.6
1.97
1912
27.5
.80
. . .
1913
31.85
I.OI
. . . .
1914
24.96
1.48
9.0
CHAPTER XX
REPRESENTATIVE MEN
John H. Leavitt was born at Heath, Massachusetts, October 11. 1831, and died at Waterloo, Iowa, September 25. 1906. On January 1, 1858, he was married to Caroline C. Ware, who is still living. There are five children living : Mrs. R. A. Davison in Colorado; Roger Leavitt at Cedar Falls, Iowa ; Lucy O. Leavitt and Mrs. Thomas Cascaden, Jr., at Waterloo, Iowa ; and Joseph L. Leavitt in Cali- fornia.
Mr. Leavitt came to Waterloo on September 27, 1854. The town was about five months old and had a population of about three hundred. He was a resident of the town for fifty-two years lacking two days. Having studied civil engineer- ing, on his coming to Waterloo he practiced that profession for a number of years. laying out the road from La Porte to Waterloo, Waterloo to Grundy Center, the Town of Grundy Center, and surveying much of Black Hawk and Grundy coun- ties. On July 13, 1856, he opened a private bank, of which he was the head for fifty years. This is now the Leavitt & Johnson National Bank, one of the oldest banks in Iowa.
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