History of Cass County, Iowa; together with sketches of its towns, villages, and townships; educational, civil, military, and political history; portraits of prominent persons, and biographies of old settlers and representative citizens. History of Iowa, embracing accounts of the pre-historic races, and a brief review of its civil, political, and military history, Part 2

Author: Continental Historical Company, Springfield, Ill
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Springfield, Ill. : Continental Historical Co.
Number of Pages: 918

USA > Iowa > Cass County > History of Cass County, Iowa; together with sketches of its towns, villages, and townships; educational, civil, military, and political history; portraits of prominent persons, and biographies of old settlers and representative citizens. History of Iowa, embracing accounts of the pre-historic races, and a brief review of its civil, political, and military history > Part 2

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

Likena, Thomas J ₼25

Lindacy, William 759

Lindemann. Wm.

669

Huff. C. W. 785

Hubn. Joseph S 614 698 Littlefield, Herace, 873

Livingston, C. E .. 630

Lloyd, Thomas ... 755

Locke, Rev. E. J. 592

Locke, Charles H. 603

Morrew, T. Benten ... Meise, George N. ....

Mest Henry H ... 798

Mountain, Levl. 659 Mountain, Charles W. 738 Mueller, Christopher. 669 Mueller, H. C ..... 689 Mueller, Heory. 869

Lunday, Eli 767 Mullina, Capt. L. F .. 887

Murnan, Jeremiah. 511

Murray, Robert M . .

Myera, Sherman F ... 459

Johnson, Willlam E .. 578 Johnson, Lafayette M 738

Johnson, Isaac. 753 Jenes, F. C. 510 McCormick, S. T ...... 778 McCormick, J. Q. A .. 779 Needles, J. H. 878 Mccullough, Rev. H. 718 McDaniela, Jebn. .... 869 Neimeyer, Charles .. 872 Newlan, Robert B. 658 Newlen, Cyrna S. 734

Jones, Kendrick N. 524 Jenes, J. R. Jr. 538 Jordan, Jamea 644 Jordan, W. B. 860 Joyce, Joseph S. 565

Joyce, Ulysses :: 565

Newcomb, James M .. . 760 Nichols, Dr. J. 404

Nichels, Stephen ... 571

Nordman, Frank .. 792

Norton, Henry 510

Kassen, John A. 342 Keasey, J M. C. 743 Kegarice, Samuel B .. 731 Kelth, Z. D ... 755 Kelaey, Jamea W. 798 Keliogg, D. C .. 887 Kennedy, R. C. . . 534 Kennedy, W. A .. 536

Kephart, W. G .. 904

Seaman, Fred. A. 793

Rae, Walter .. 594 Read, Nelson, 662 Rend, William T. 663

Reesman, John F .. 844 Reinig, L. O 534.

Reynolds, John R. 882 Reynolds, Daniel M .: 383

840 581

Lerenzen, Kudelph .. 610 Love, J. W. 885

Lewman, John H .. 810

Lowry, Henry. 887

Lucceck, T. E. 824

Martin, W. H. 716

Masteller. William ... 597

Melcher, C. A 859

Meredith, Thes 252

Middaugh, N. B .. 725 Prall, Leander 781

Klmpaen, Hugh 758

Kinsey, Themas V 572

Kirk, Jebn R 836

Kirk, L. M. 862

Perkins, William R .. Perry, Edwin ....

Pugh, James. 888

Lianeman, Henry.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE

Shade, W. M ... 568

Stevens, Jacob. 521

Shaffer, Benjamin F .. 641

Stevens, Smith. 672 Turner, Robert 794

Shaw, S. A. 888 Stevens, John O. 720 Turner, J. R. 794

Sheets, David M .. 726 Stewart, J. C. 603

Shepperd, Matthew .: 603

Stone, Henry 718

Underwood, Jesse 817 Whisler, Samuel. ....

752

Sherwood, Frank .... 812 656

Shields, E. J.

Shultz. Martin. 649

Simonsen, Hans 609

Simonton, C. W. 797 Stowe, J. H. 848

Van Vleet, Rev. W .M. 817

Wickey, Samuel. 780

Smith, Joshua L. .874 Strater, Wm. H. 839 Viersen, Ober P .... 729 Wilder, Dr. B. A 403

Smith, S. E. 891

Smith, Hiram 514

Sumers, C. T .. 541

Sundermann. Simon. 678

Vredenburg, C. J ..

890

Smith, Franklin C ... 580

Switzer, Charlea R ... 719

Waddell, Wm. 361

Willey, J. H.

440

Smith, Thomas G. 572

Smith, Austin H. 660 Tabasloske, Thomas. 582

Wakefield, Geo. W. 758

Willis, Elias. 782

Smith, Willlam. 663

Smith, Jobo L. 664 Talbot, Willard 785 Wakefield, A. M 836

Williams, Nathan R .. 598 701

Williame, J. O

Smith, Allen ... 780 Tate, Thomas. 578

Smith, Owen L. 783 Taylor, Benj. F. 804 Walker, Arthur 873 Willlm, Dr. W. J. 403 753

Smith, C. C ... 819

Taylor, Jonathan A ... 741 Walker, Job

Walker, James .

632 Wilson, Silas. 844

Snell, William S .. 514 Temple, Henry 351

Walkinshaw, John

817

Wilson, S. W 847

Snelson, Dr. William 406

Temple, W. B. 380 Wallace, S. W ...

686

Winder, T. C. 642

Snlvely, Joslah. 746

Thayer, Jesse ... 813 Wallace, Thos. R 362 Winslow, John W 869

Snouffer. F. J. 880

Thompson, E. C ... 616 Walters, Jacob ... 761 Winston, DeWitt A .. 631

Soper, Harley,

889

Thompson, Wm

764

Walton, William W .. Ward, Harvey,

554 703

Wishart, Andrew .

649

Soper, Leonard H. 849

Thurman, C ..... 861

Tippey, Jesee J. 727

Wasmer, Jacob

680

Spier, Nathan ..

Spinney, J. O. H. 582

Towneend, Charles E. 872

Wateon, William M 626 Wood, W. J .. 812

Spurrier, W. E. 804

Townsend, Wm. S .... 244 Watson, J. M. 249 Wood, John H 865 405 535

Stanley, Danlel.

Trego, Jacob. 741

Weirich, V. J.

886

866 Worthington, T.

539

Stevens, Joseph. 518

Trego, Watson C .. ...

742 Welse, Paul

616

Wyman, Albert W ... 817

Stevens, John .. 518 Trimmer, A 765 Wells, James F. 689 Yarger, John H ...... 785

Stevens, George H ... 516 Triplett, Jullus. 580

Weish, William C. 595

Young, Hon. Lafe .... 443

Stevens, Jacob. 516 Tucker, S. M. 383

Welsh, John A ..... 600 Young, John C. ...... 688

Stevens, William ..... 521 Tucker, S. M. 890

Westfall, John 668

Young, Robert T ..... 803

Stevens, Peter. 521 Tucker, S. H. 659

Wheaticy, Orange W. 597

Youngblood, Rev.Geo 659

Stevens, Daniel 516

Turner, Joseph 805

Wheeler, S. M. B. 544

PORTRAITS.

PAGE.

PAGR.

PAGE.

Frost, Rufus H.

467

Kellogg, D. C ...

814

Turner, Joseph. 871

Hendricks, Col. G. D.

569

Kellogg, Mrs. D. C .. 315

Wakefield, George W. 416

Herbert, J. R ..

721

Kirk, John R ... 620

Wakefleid, Mrs. G. W 417

Humeriok, Philip

773 | Kirk, Mrs. John R.

621

Wakefield, A. Marion 518

Jameson, W. W.

365

Meredith, Thomas. 263

Wakefield, Mrs. A. M 519

714 581

Todd, Jeremiah E. 739 Watrous, Samuel. 789 Wood, S H ...

Tormay, Garrett .... 882 Watson, J. M ... 825

Wood, Robert H. 600

Spoor, John A .. 628

816 Trailor, Wm. M. 590 Weber. George 884

Stabler, John ...

505 Trainer, Phillip 747 Welrich, Joseph 664

Stanley, Mrs. Nancy.

506 809 Trego, Allen. 742

Weirich, John

Woodruff, Dr. A. C .. Woodward, W. J. Worley, Isaao

631

Stetler, Samuel.

Studley, Hiram W ..

742 Vinson, J. H .. 855 Wilder, Dr. O. V. 403

Voorhies, George 850

Wilkin, Dr. R. D. 398

Smith, Henry C. 514

Willard, E ..... 384

Willoock, B. S. 876

Williams, Geo. E 844

Tabasinsky, M. 772 Wakefield, Albert. 835

Smith, Martin M. 780 Tanner. John .. 658 Wakefield, Albert. 870

Walden, Rev. Asa ... 578 Williamson, T. W. 602

878 Wilson, Samuel ..

Smither, Willlam T .. 765 Tefft, Samuel H 509

Stoodt, Frederick 792 Stormer, Oscar. 729

VauHouten, Capt. J.J 495

Whitney, Eseck ..... 777

VanVlack, Hall G. .. 740 Whitney, Wm. S. 777

Whipple, Hiram. 827

Whisler, Wm. L .. 744

788 White, William ..... Whitney, Franklin H 867

Stone, Orren .. 779

Upson, Samuel 507

Stone, Luma W 784

Turner, Orin O 863 Whipple, H. 250

Wheeler, Edwin 609

Wollenhaupt, Adam. 675 Wood, William 795 597

Speelman, A. E.

Certificate of the Committee .

Below is given a copy of the Certificate, signed by the Committee of Old Settlers, appointed to revise and correct the History of Cass County, showing that the publishers have complied with all their promises, and done their utmost to produce a reliable and complete History of the county. The following is the Certificate of the Committee:

We, the undersigned Committee of Old Settlers of Cass County, Jowa, appointed for the purpose of revising the History of our country, now being compiled by the Continental Historical Company, of Spring- field, Illinois, do hereby certify that the manuscript of the said work was submitted to us, at atlantic, on the lot of November, 1884, and that we have made all the corrections and additions which we, in our judg- ment, deemed necessary, and as so corrected, we approve of the same.

V. F. Brenton, D. M. Conrad,

R. D. McGechon, J. 83. Mc Dermott:

S. L. Porah, John Eller,

a. Hoob,

J. R. Hich,

Albert WWakefield,

Q. Q. Jameson,

Chas. H. Hebing,

Lew Beason.

STATE CAPITOL, DES MOINES, IOWA.

HISTORY OF IOWA.

CHAPTER I.

T HE traveler, in wending his way across the fair State of Iowa, with its evidences of civilization upon every hand; its magnificent churches with spires pointing heavenward; its school-houses almost upon every hill; palatial residences evincing wealth and refinement, cannot realize that, less than a half century ago, this "beautiful land" was the home only of the red man, who roamed at will over the fair and fertile prairies, hunting in the woods and fishing in its streams. The 'change would seem too great for him to realize. But it is indeed true. These churches, these school-houses, these pala- tial residences, th se railroads, these tele- graph and telephone wires, all have been erected or placed here within the space of a half century.

Before the advent of the Red Men, who were found in possession by the Europeans, who inhabited this country, is a subject yet unsolved, and is shrouded in mystery. That there were human beings of a distinct raee from the red men of later days, is gen-

erally conceded, but scientists fail as yet to agree as to their nature and origin. That this continent is co-existent with the world of the ancients cannot be questioned. Every investigation instituted under the auspices of modern civilization confirms this fact. It is thought by many that the first inhabitants came from Asia, by way of Behring's Strait, and in large numbers. Magnificent cities and monuments were raised at the bidding of tribal leaders, and populous settlements centered with thriv- ing villages sprang up everywhere in man- ifestation of the progress of the people. For the last four hundred years the colo- nizing Caucasian has trodden on the ruins of a civilization whose greatness he could on'y surmise. Among these ruins are pyramids similar to those which have ren- dered Egypt famous. The pyramid of Chalula is square, each side of its base being 1,335 feet, and its height 172 feet. Another pyramid north of Vera Cruz is formed of large blocks of highly polished porphyry, and bears upon its front hiero-

HISTORY OF IOWA.

glyphic inscriptions and curious sculpture. It is 82 feet square, and a flight of 57 steps conducts to its summit, which is 65 feet high. The ruins of Palenque are said to extend 20 miles along the ridge of a moun- tain, and the remains of an Aztec city, near the banks of the Gila, are spread over more than a square league. The principal feature of the Aztec civilization which has come down to us was its religion, which we are told was of a dark and gloomy character. Each new god created by their priesthood, instead of arousing new life in the people, brought death to thousands; and their grotesque idols exposed to drown the senses of the beholders in fear, wrought wretchedness rather than spiritual happi- ness. In fact, fear was the great animating principal, the motive power which sustained this terrible religion. Their altars were sprinkled with blood drawn from their own bodies in large quantities, and on them thousands of human victim's were sacri- ficed in honor of the demons whom they worshipped. The head and heart of every captive taken in war were offered up as a sacrifice to the god of battles, while the victorious legions feasted on the remaining portions of the bodies. It is said that during the ceremonies attendant on the consecration of two of their tem- ples, the number of prisoners offered up in sacrifice was 12,210, while they them- selves contributed large numbers of volun- tary victims to the terrible belief.

The race known as the Mound-Builders next attracts the attention of the ethnolo- gists. Throughout the Mississippi Valley, including many portions of Iowa, are found mounds and walls of earth. or stone, which

can only have a human origin. 'These mounds vary in size from a few feet to hundreds of feet in diameter. In them are often found stone axes, pestles, arrow- heads, spear-points, pieces of flint, and other articles. Pottery of various de- signs is very common in them, and from the material of which they are made geol- ogists have attempted to assign their age.

Some have thought that the Mound- Builders were a race quite distinct from the modern Indians, and that they were in an advanced state of civilization. The best authorities now agree that while the comparatively civilized people called the Aztecs built the cities whose ruins are occasionally found, the Mound-Builders were the immediate ancestors of the In- dians De Soto first saw, and little different from the Indians of to-day.

The origin of the Red Men, or Ameri- can Indians, is a subject which interests as well as instructs. It is a favorite topic with the ethnologist, even as it is one of deep concern to the ordinary reader. A review of two works lately published on the origin of the Indians, treats the matter in a peculiarly reasonable light. It says :

"Recently a German writer has put for- ward one theory on the subject, and an English writer has put forward another and directly opposite theory. The differ- ence in opinion concerning our aboriginals among authors who have made a profound study of races, is at once curious and in- teresting. Blumenbach treats them in his classifications as a distinct variety of the human family; but, in the three-fold divi- sion of Dr. Latham, they are ranked among the Mongolidæ. Other writers on races

HISTORY OF IOWA.

regard them as a branch of the great Mon- golian family, which at a distant period found its way from Asia to this continent, and remained here for centuries separate from the rest of mankind, passing, mean- while, through divers phases of barbarism and civilization. Morton, our eminent ethnologist, and his followers, Nott and Gliddon, claim for our native Red Men an origin as distinct as the flora and fauna of this continent. Prichard, whose views are apt to differ from Morton's, finds reason to believe, on comparing the American tribes together, that they must have formed a separate, department of nations from the earliest period of the world. The era of their existence as a distinct and isolated people must probably be dated back to the time which separated into nations the in- habitants of the Old World, and gave to each its individuality and primitive lan- guage. Dr. Robert Brown, the latest authority, attributes, in his 'Races of Man- kind,' an Asiatic origin to our aboriginals. He says that the Western Indians not only personally resemble their nearest neighbors -the Northeastern Asiatics-but they re- semble them in language and tradition. The Esquimaux on the American and the Tchuktcis on the Asiatic side understand one another perfectly. Modern anthro- pologists, indeed, are disposed to think that Japan, the Kuriles, and neighboring regions, may be regarded as the original home of the greater part of the native American race. It is also admitted by them that between the tribes scattered from the Arctic sea to Cape Horn there is more uniformity of physical feature than is seen in any other quarter of the globe. The weight of evidence and au-

thority is altogether in favor of the opin- ion that our so-called Indians are a branch of the Mongolian family, and all additional researches strengthen the opinion. The tribes of both North and South America are unquestionably homogeneous, and, in all likelihood, had their origin in Asia, though they have been altered and modi- fied by thousands of years of total separa tion from the present stock."

If the conclusions arrived at by the reviewer is correct, how can one account for the vast difference in manner and form between the Red Man as he is now known, or even as he appeared to Columbus and his successors in the field of discovery, and the comparatively civilized inhabitants of Mexico, as seen in 1521 by Cortez, and of Peru, as witnessed by Pizarro in 1532 ? The subject is worthy of investigation.

In the year 1541, Ferdinand DeSoto, a Spaniar 1, discovered the Mississippi river, at the mouth of the Washita. He, how- ever, penetrated no further north than the 35th parallel of latitude, his death ter- minating the expedition. It was thus left for a later discoverer to first view the "beautiful land."

In a grand council of Indians on the shores of Lake Superior, they told the Frenchmen glowing stories of the "great river" and the countries near it. Mar- quette, a Jesuit father, became inspired with the idea of discovering this noble river. He was delayed in this great un- dertaking, however, and spent the interval in studying the language and habits of the Illinois Indians, among whom he expected to travel. In 1673 he completed his pre- parations for the journey, in which he was to be accompanied by Joliet, an agent of

IHISTORY OF IOWA.

the French Government. The Indians, who had gathered in large numbers to wit- ness his departure, tried to dissuade him from the undertaking, representing that the Indians of the Mississippi Valley were cruel and blood-thirsty, and would resent the intrusion of strangers upon their do- main. The great river itself, they said, was the abode of terrible monsters, who could swallow both canoes and men. But Marquette was not diverted from his pur- pose by these reports, and set out on his adventurous trip May 13; he reached, first, an Indian village where once had been a mission, and where he was treated hospit- ably; thence, with the aid of two Miami guides, he proceeded to the Wisconsin, down which he sailed to the great Missis- sippi, which had so long been anxiously looked for; floating down its unknown waters, the explorer discovered, on the 25th of June, traces of Indians on the west bank of the river, and landed a little above the river now known as the Des Moines. For the first time Europeans trod the soil of Iowa. Marquette remained here a short time, becoming acquainted with the In- dians, and then proceeded on his explora- tions. He descended the Mississippi to the Illinois, by which and Lake Michigan he returned to French settlements.

Nine years later, in 1682, La Salle de- scended the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and, in the name of the king of France, took formal posession of all the immense region watered by the great river and its tributaries from its source to its mouth, and named it Louisiana, in honor of his master, Louis XIV. The river he called "Colbert," in honor of the French Minister, and at its mouth erected a column

and a cross bearing the inscription, in French:

"LOUIS THIE GREAT, KING OF FRANCE AND NAVARRE,

> REIGNING APRIL 9, 1682." -1

France then claimed by right of dis- covery and occupancy the whole valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries, includ- ing Texas. Spain at the same time laid claim to all the region about the Gulf of Mexico, and thus these two great nations were brought into collision. But the country was actually held and occupied by the native Indians, especially the great Miami Confederacy, the Miamis. proper (anciently the Twightwees) being the east- ern and most powerful tribe.

Spain having failed to make any settle- ment in the newly-discovered country, it was left for France to occupy the land, and that government, soon after the dis- covery of the mouth of the Mississippi by La Salle, in 1682, began to encourage the policy of establishing a line of trading posts and missionary stations, extending through the west from Canada to Louis- iana.

In 1762, France, in a time of extreme weakness, ceded all the territory west of the Mississippi, including what is now Iowa, to Spain, which power retained pos- session until October 1, 1800, when it retroceded it to France. This latter power ceded it to the United States in 1803, for the sum of $15,000,000.

On assuming control, the United States organized all that region west of the Mis- sissippi and north of the Territory of Orleans as the District of Louisiana. In 1805 the District of Louisiana was organ- ized into the Territory of Louisiana.

HISTORY OF IOWA.

This Territory was subsequently divided, and now forms seven great States-Louis-

iana, Missouri, Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Kansas and Nebraska.

CHAPTER II.

INDIANS AND

INDIAN WARS.

For more than one hundred years after Marquette and Joliet trod the virgin soil of Iowa, and admired its fertile plains, not a single settlement had been made or attempted, nor even a trading post estab- lished. The whole country remained in the undisputed possession of the native tribes, who often poured out their life blood in obstinate contest for supremacy. That this State, so aptly styled "The Beautiful Land," had been the theatre of numerous fierce and bloody struggles be- tween the rival nations for possession of the favored region long before its settle- ment by civilized man, there is no room for doubt. In these savage wars the weaker party, whether aggressive or de- fensive, was either exterminated or driven from its ancient hunting grounds.

When Marquette visited this country in 1673, the Illini were a very powerful people, occupying a large portion of the State; but when the country was again visited by the whites, not a remnant of that once powerful tribe remained on the west side of the Mississippi, and Iowa was principally in the possession of the

Sacs and Foxes, a warlike tribe which, originally two distinct nations, residing in New York and on the waters of the St. Lawrence, had gradually fought their way westward, and united, probably after the Foxes had been driven out of the Fox River country in 1846, and crossed the Mississippi. The death of Pontiac, a famous Sac chieftain, was made the pre- text for war against the Illini, and a fierce and bloody struggle ensued, which con- tinued until the Illini were nearly de- stroyed, and their hunting grounds pos- sessed by their victorious foes. The Iowas also occupied a portion of the State, for a time, in common with the Sacs, but they, too, were nearly destroyed by the Sacs and Foxes, and in " The Beautiful Land " these natives met their equally warlike foes, the northern Sioux, with whom they maintained a constant warfare for the pos- session of the country for many years.

In 1803, when Louisiana was purchased by the United States, the Sacs, Foxes and Iowas possessed the entire State of Iowa, and the two former tribes, also, occupied most of Illinois.

HISTORY OF IOWA.

The Sacs had four principal villages, where most of them resided. Their largest and most important town-if an Indian village may be called such-and from which emanated most of the ob- stacles encountered by the Government in the extinguishment of Indian titles te land in this region, was on Rock river, near Rock Island ; another was on the east bank of the Mississippi, near the mouth of Henderson river; the third was at the head of the Des Moines Rap- ids, near the present site of Montrose ; and the fourth was near the mouth of the upper Iowa.

The Foxes had three principal villages. One was on the west side of the Missis- sippi, six miles abovo the rapids of Rock river; another was about twelve miles from the river, in the rear of the Dubuque lead mines ; and the third was on Turkey river.

The Iowas, at one time identified with the Sacs of Rock river, had withdrawn from them and become a separate tribe. Their principal village was on the Des Moines river, in Van Buren county, on the site where Iowaville now stands. Here the last great battle between the Sacs and Foxes and the Iowas was fought, in which Black Hawk, then a young man, com- manded one division of the attacking forces. The following account of the bat- tle has been given:

"Contrary to long established custom of Indian attack, this battle was commenced in the day-time, the attending circum- stances justifying this departure from the well-settled usages of Indian warfare. The battle-field was a level river bottem, about four miles in length, and two miles wide

near the middle, narrowing to a point at either end. The main arca of this bettom rises perhaps twenty feet above the river, leaving a narrow strip of low bottom along the shore, covered with trees that belted the prairie on the river side with a thick forest, and the immediate bank of the river was fringed with a dense growth of wil- low. Near the lower end of this prairie, near the river bank, was situated the Iowa village. About two miles above it and near the middle of the prairie is a mound, covered at the time with a tuft of small trees and underbrush growing on its sum- mit. In the rear of this little elevation or mound lay a belt of wet prairie, covered, at that time, with a dense growth of rank, coarse grass. Bordering this wet prairie on the north, the country rises abruptly into elevated broken river bluffs, covered with a heavy forest for many miles in ex- tent, and in places thickly clustered with undergrowth, afferding convenient shelter for the stealthy approach of the foe.

"Through this forest the Sacand Fox war party made their way in the night, and secreted themselves in the tall grass spoken of above, intending to remain in ambush during the day and make such observa- tions as this near proximity to their in- tended victims might afford, to aid them in their contemplated attack on the town during the following night. From this situation their spies could take a full sur- vey of the village, and watch every move- ment of the inhabitants, by which means they were soon convinced that the Iowas bad no suspicion of their presence.

"At the foot of the mound above men- tioned the Iowas had their race course, where they diverted themselves with the

HISTORY OF IOWA.

excitement of horse-racing, and schooled their young warriors in cavalry evolutions. In these exercises mock battles were fought, and the Indian tactics of attack and defense carefully inculcated, by which means a skill in horsemanship was acquired that is rarely excelled. Unfortunately for them this day was selected for their equestrian sports, and, wholly unconscious of the proximity of their foes, the warriors re- paired to the race-ground, leaving most of their arms in the village, and their old men, women and children unprotected.

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Author: Continental Historical Company, Springfield, Ill Publication date: 1884 Publisher: Springfield, Ill. : Continental Historical Co. Number of Pages: 918

Author: Continental Historical Company, Springfield, Ill
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Springfield, Ill. : Continental Historical Co.
Number of Pages: 918