USA > Iowa > Cerro Gordo County > History of Franklin and Cerro Gordo counties, Iowa and biographies of representative citizens. History of Iowa, embracing accounts of the pre-historic races > Part 2
USA > Iowa > Franklin County > History of Franklin and Cerro Gordo counties, Iowa and biographies of representative citizens. History of Iowa, embracing accounts of the pre-historic races > Part 2
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County Superintendents. 682
The Development .. 685
Teachers' Normal Institutes 686
CHAPTER XIII.
AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SOCIE- TIES.
687
Stoek Raising .. 688
Cerro Gordo County Agricultural Society 69I
CHAPTER XIV.
POLITICAL
692
Official Vote .. 692
CHAPTER XV.
NATIONAL, STATE AND COUNTY REPRE- SENTATION.
706
Congressional .. 706
Anditor of State. 706
Republican Electors. 709
Register State Land Office 709
District Judge .. 709
District Attorney 709
709
State Bank Examiners.
709
State Appointments.
Members of the.General Assembly 710
County Judges. 715
County Auditors 719 720
720 721
County Recorders.
Clerk of Courts. 724
Sheriffs .. 726
Proseenting Attorneys. 729
County Surveyors.
729
County Assessor 730
Coroners ..
730
Drainage Commissioners. 731
CHAPTER XVI.
RAILROADS ..
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul. 733
Central Railway of Iowa .. 733
Austin & Mason City Railroad .. 133
Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern 733
Projected Railroads .. 734
CHAPTER XVII.
OLD SETTLERS' ASSOCIATION. 734
First Meeting .. 736
Second Meeting 737
CHAPTER XVIII.
THE WAR-ITS CAUSES.
CHAPTER XIX.
CERRO GORDO COUNTY IN THE WAR. 743
Enlistments. 745
Roll of Honor. 746
CHAPTER XX.
MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS CHRONOLOGICAL-
LY ARRANGED. 747
CHAPTER XXI.
PAGE
BATH TOWNSHIP 757
Settlement. 757
First Things. 763
Organie.
763
Schools
763
CHAPTER XXII.
CLEAR LAKE TOWNSHIP. 764
Early Settlement 764
First Events 775
Organic.
775
Schools.
775
TOWN OF CLEAR LAKE
775
Early Days
776
Postoffice.
782
Religious.
792
Incorporation
Business Interests. 792
Hotels
798
Clear Lake Mills.
799
800
CHAPTER XXIII.
DOUGHERTY TOWNSHIP. 803
Early Settlement. 803
Organic. 806
First Things 806
Schools
806
Religious
807
CHAPTER XXIV.
FALLS TOWNSHIP 807
Settlement. 808
Organie .. 829
First Events
829
An Incident of Hardship. 830
Churches
830
Schools 831
833
Plymouth Mills
834
Railroads ...
834
Cemetery Association.
834
A Tragic Death
834
ROCK FALLS.
935
Water Power
835
Creamery 836
Incorporation 836
Religious . .
837
Ladies Union Aid Society 837
CHAPTER XXV.
GENESEO TOWNSHIP 838
Early Settlement. 838
Organic. 848
Schools 848
VILLAGE OF ROCKWELL.
849
Business Interests
849
Postoffice. 853
Schools 834
Societies 854
Churches. 855
Rockwell Cornet Band. 856
Incorporation. 857
Rockwell's Experience with Saloons. 857
CHAPTER XXVI.
GRIMES TOWNSHIP. 859
Organe. 860
Schools. 860
Educational. 782
Societies.
785
City Park. 792
Government Appointments
709
. Treasurer and Recorders
County Treasurer.
PLYMOUTH VILLAGE.
State Camp Meeting Grounds.
Recorded Plats
XIH
CHAPTER XXVII.
PAGE
GRANT TOWNSHIP 863
Settlement. 863
First Events .. 868
Organie
868
Schools 868
Religious.
869
CHAPTER XXVIII.
LAKE TOWNSHIP. 869
Settlement 870
Organie .. 882
First Events. 882
Schools ..
882
CHAPTER XXIX.
LINCOLN TOWNSHIP
883
Early Settlement. 883
Organie. 891
Schools 891
Religious .. 892
Lincoln Springs Creamery.
892
Mills ..
892
A Winter Night's Experience. 893
CHAPTER XXX.
LIME CREEK TOWNSHIP
893
Early Settlement.
894
Organie. 905
Schools. 905
Religious 906
· Boulder Cave.
907
Lime Creek Brick Yard .
907
CHAPTER XXXI.
MOUNT VERNON TOWNSHIP
908
Settlement ....
908
Organie
909
First Events.
910
Schools 910
Religious 910
CHAPTER XXXII.
OWEN TOWNSHIP 910
Early Settlement.
911
Organic.
915
Constitutional Amendment
915
Building and Loan Association. 998
Parker's Opera House. 1004
Mason City Lime Kilns 1004
BIOGRAPHICAL.
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
Abbott, A. J.
929 Beck, George.
859 Brainard, J. M
684 Bruee, Albert. 844
Abrams, J. D ..
937 Beeker, James M.
969 Brett, George W.
965 Bruce, James .. 847
Adams, Charles M.
710 Behr, C. J
846 Brentner, Washington 951 Bryant, Ambrose M.
895
Adams, J. W.
644 Benjamin, Loomis
839 Brentner, George.
957 Bryant, Bruce A .. 948
Allen, William W
646 Benner, Wesley.
940 Brentner, Lee L
944 Buckingham, Samnel .. 921
Andrews, M. C ..
912 Berlin, C. L.
818 Briden, J. H
635 Bugher, Robert ..
934
Apker, Samuel R ..
828 Bishop, John.
922 Brisbin, Philip.
758 Burdick, Osman .. 878
Armitage, Garrett S .. 912 Bitterman, M. E.
921 Brown, Thomas M
:58 Burgess, G. T. 965
Babcock, Rodolphus ...
959 Blythe, T. M.
651 Brown, H. L.
Bailey, John G
920 Boble, Henry.
760 Brown, Hiram E.
Barnard, W. O.
1004' Boeye, John Henry
794 Brown, B. A.
814
Barney, Rial.
911 Bogardus, E. R.
1003 Brown, Elihu ..
949 Callam, Michael. 766
Barker, A. J ...
927 Bolton, J. E.
774 Broderick, John.
805 Calvert, Henry. 819
Bauer, Jacob.
924 Booth, C. W
865| Broderick, Patrick.
805 Calvert, Simon 819
PAGE
PORTLAND TOWNSHIP 917
Settlement.
917
Organie .. 927
Two Men Frozen
928
Portland Mills
929
Cheese Factory
829
Religions
930
Educational. 930
First Events 930
VILLAGE OF PORTLAND. 930
CHAPTER XXXIV.
PLEASANT VALLEY TOWNSHIP. 93]
Early Settlement .. 931
Organie. 938
Educational 938
Religious.
939
CHAPTER XXXV.
UNION TOWNSHIP 939
Early Settlement. 939
First Things. 949
Educational. 943
Organie
943
CHAPTER XXXVI.
MASON TOWNSHIP 943
Settlement. 943
Organic.
952
Sehools 952
Quarries 953
CHAPTER XXXVII.
MASON CITY. 955
Recorded Plats .. 956
Early Days .. 95%
Items of Interest. . 966
Centennial Exposition. 967
Garfield Memorial Service. 968
Incorporation 968
970
Railroads.
970
Religious
972
Cemetery.
Educational. 976
Mason City Park.
977
Societies
478
Water Power and Mills. 980
Business History. 982
Banks 997
First Birth and Marriage .. 915
Schools.
916
Armsbury, George C. . 762 Blood W. W ..
1002 Brown, James H ...
762 Burnham, Franeis
Blythe, James E
638 Brown, Dwight.
902 Burnham, J: B ..
954
865 Bur ingham, A. J. 921
866 Burkholder, Henry 768
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXXIII.
Postoffee.
XIV
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
Cameron, W. W.
987 Freeman, James D
878 Hunt, Lyman
839 Nickerson, J. B. 904
Campbell, Daniel
806 French, Thomas HI
890 Hunt, William ..
937 Noyes, A. A. 647
Campbell, Robert.
808 Frost, George E.
643 Huntley, Charles H.
720 Noyes, S ..
719
Card, I. W
631 Frost, Benjamin H
766 Huntley, Clark. 773
Card, Silas
645 Frost, William F
920 Huntley, E. D.
646 O'Connell, Patrick. 826
Carr, J. R.
866 Frost, Benjamin
920 Hutchins, John S.
853 O'Neil, Charles H. 901
Case, Joseph
877 Fuller, C. W.
887
O'Neil, Patrick. 826
Cathcart, William
932 Fuller, George O.
757 Jacobs, E. W.
914 O'Neil, Patrick. 950
Chapin, John
771 Fullerton, Neil.
662
Johnson, W.Scott
729 Ogden, John G. 647
Charlton, J. B.
653 Gage, J. R
632 Joy, Edwin G . .
950 Osborne, Edward 650
Church, Jarvis S.
630 Gale, T. K.
996
Overbeck, G. H 761
Clack, W. R.
654 Garner, Alfonso.
729 Kahlke, H. W.
762 Owen, Anson C .. 968
Clark Hngh.
759 Gardner, Thomas S
794 Keenan, William
805
Clark, James
948 Garlock, Henry
865 Keeney, S. W
Clark, J. J.
637 Gaylord, C.W
651 Keerl, Henry
723 Page, L. A. 988
Clark, Robert.
954 Gibson, James.,
960 Kimball, O. A
772 Page, Nelson L 825
Class, S. H. Conrad.
888 Gibson, D. T.
634 Kinney, Reuben
819 Palmer, Rodney. 878
Claus, John.
814 Gibson, George.
759 Kinyon, John.
849 Palmeter, D. H. 793
Claus, Valentine.
816 Gildner, Henry
817 Kirk, H. P
995 Palmeter, H. E 793
Clement, Franklin.
768 Gildner, Conrad
816 Kirk, I.R.
997 Palmeter, Theron. 793
Clement, Jane.
768. Gillett, Henry A
950 Klinefelter, L. S.
685 Pardee, Amos 919
Cligitt, John
637 Glass, John D
637 Konvalinka, W.J.
986 Parker, H. G 714
Cole, J. E
826 Goodell, Milton
884 Krug, Conrad.
818 Parker, James 927
Cole, L.
825 Goodell, George.
885 Kuppinger, John A
761 Parker, John G. 941
Colwell, Michael.
Parker, Levi ... 901
Cook, J. W.
864 Goodwin, Calvin S. 766 Lamson, George.
796 Parker, Timothy H. 896
Cooper, Josephus
901 Goodykoontz, F. M
633 Lane, Richard T. 909 Patterson, J. B. 844
Cornell, Albert.
934 Gootlieb, John.
821 Langenberg, Fred.
767 Paulson, Kettle.
951
Cotey, Joseph.
821 Graves, Charles
655 Langschadl, Francis J ..
815 Peck, L. A.
902
Crane, C. E ....
961 Graves, William C.
716 Law, Thomas, Sr.
885 Pence, A. W.
884
Cross, Dennis H.
972 Graham, Charles
761 Law, Thomas, Jr
885 Pence, Gabriel.
883 884
Crowell, Elnathan
875 Gregory, Horace
812 Lee, John,
987 Penney, Willianı .1005
Cummings, A. H
638 Gregory, Francis M Groves, Henry A.
768 Lien, A.T.
997 Perrett, Thomas 811
Daney, George
820
Davis, J. O ...
792 Hammond, James A.
767 Lloyd, E. R ..
991 Phillips, John W.
798
Denison, O. T.
23 Hamstreet, C B.
942| Long, John B.
716 Pierce Charles E.
Densmore, Norman
761 Hamstreet, D. W. 940 Lucas, W. V
706 Pierce, Harvey J
272
Dexter, Mark.
866 Hamstreet, George.
942 Lyman, George E.
839 Piersol, John B 846 Pollock, George 934
Dilts, Harmon
932 Hansen, Hans R
853 Markley, J. E. E
639 Porter, John .. 630
Dort, Elvira F
876 Hanson, Nelson.
881 Marsh, H. A.
726 Prichard, J. O. 960
Doud, E. D.
966 Harding, George H.
961 Martin, MeReady
864 Pride, E. S ... 940
Dongan, J. M ..
991 Harding, L. R
889 Mason, William HI
1003 Putnam, W. R 853
Dougan, Mrs. J. M.
954 Harkison, J. L
652 Massee, George A
804
Dougherty, Daniel.
803 Harris, C. W.
850 Mather, H. S
796 Quackenbush, A. H ... 912 903 Quackenbush, Judson. 912 817
962 Randall, Elisha. 981
Eddy, Rush
1003 Haynes, Daniel W
Ehlers, Fred.
827 Hayes, George.
Elder, James 988 Heath, James B.
Elder, J T. 981
Helm, George
818 MeKenzie, Charles.
Eldridge, A . D.
182 Helm, Levi
827 MeNider, C. H ..
998 Richardson, George W. 774
Emsley, T. G ..
720 Henderson, William
760 MeGrigor, Daniel.
865
Fairfield, William B.
626 Henry, Thomas.
940 Meddaugh, Charles A
.. 875 Rockwell, George B.
843
Farrell. Daniel J
959 Herrick, George L
986 Meloy, H. P
914 Roder, Andrew. 758
Farrell, John A
987 Hickling, Robert.
724 Miller, A. B.
709 Rogers, F. M. 725
Farington, Charles
817 Hickok, G. R.
941 Miller, Edson C ..
655 Rogers, Jarvis J. 838
Federspiel, Thomas ..
845 Hill, Henry.
760 Miller, George R.
636 Rood, Howard W 932
Felt, William
917 Hill, Jacob P
889 Miller, George R
904 |Rosecrans, E. J ..
Felt, A. S.
918 Hill, James
890 Moffett, W. H.
888 Rosecrans, M. P 640
Felthous, J. A
845 Hill, Jesse.
911 Moore, Milton G ..
881 Ruddick, George W 626
Felthous, George H.
845 Hill, Leonard
896 Moore, William H.
827 Rugg, William A 672
Ferrier, James.
887 Hill, Sylvester
881 Moran, O. B.
937 Rule, James.
Fish, Sarah ..
904 Hill, Truman S
815 Moroney, M. V.
938 Rule, Duncan
Fisher, Horace W
867 Hill, William.
952 Morris, Richard
808 Russell, John.
895
Fisher. William ..
864 Hobbs, T. B.
94] Morse, George O.
815 Russell, Jolin. 965
Fisher, Homer E.
865 Howard, E.
879 Mullan, A. W.
922 Russell, John J. 895
Fitch, Lizzie.
724 Howard, Thomas (
876|Murdock, Samuel ..
625
Flint, Edwin.
633 Howland. James
814 Murphy, J. W
630 Sabin, Il S 921
Flood, Patrick.
822 Hovey, O. F
937
Sale, H. W .. 652
Folsom, George W
882 Neidermyer, Lewis C .. 904 Sampson, E. H.
865
Foster, William II
959 Hubbard, O. J.
882 Nelson, N. M
907|Sanborn, George W 971
Frederick, Jacob. 813 Hughes, G. H.
638 Nettleton, William .. ... 947 Sanderson, L. O. 867
Frederick, George
813 Hunt, Lyman.
730 Nichols, Edwin.
908 Sanford, S. S
800
Dyer, H. A.
993 Harroun, Ansel.
Eager, L. S.
962 Harroun, John.
Hathaway, Isaac B
846 McDowell, George F
922 McFadden, William.
772 Redington, Herman M 810
867 |McGowan, Alexander .. 949 Reiniger, R. G. 627
880|McGowan, Henry.
795 Reynolds, Patrick 903
633 Rice, James A.
983; Richardson, Seth M .... Richardson, B. G .. 884
Estabrook, W. L
975: Hennis, Andrew. Henry, Michael
939 Meacham, S
920 Robinson, John M 774
Drummond, Thomas,
630 Harris, Shorland
648 Matley, Henry.
902 MeAdam, James.
924 MeCulloch, Hathorn.
644 Pence, George
880, Perrett, Joseph 814
Dakin, J B.
647 Grummon, N. J.
840 Lillibridge, R.L Lindon, J. G.
759 Perry, J. E 793 886
878 Phillips, C. H.
Deyoe, Stephen
951 Haney, G. B.
798
Crow, James,
635 Green, Horace.
953 Lee, J. L
812 Leonard, Benjamin
996 Page, E. D 1002
844 Goodhue, O.A. 648
913 Johnson, Josiah D 847 O'Rourk, J. J .. 1005
Chapman, Leo.
839 Hubbard, O. R.
653 Randall, Benjamin .. 985
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
XV
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
Sargent, C. W.
986 Stevens, Seth B.
894 Turnure, F. J
958 Watts, George A 890
schermerhorn, M. S. . . 639 Stewart, C. M. C.
9-6 Tuttle, Murcus.
711 Wanghtal, S. B. 994
Seabury, C. B
877 Stilson, A. R.
921 Tuttle, A. B.
984 Wanninger, Joseph 995
Secor, Gabriel L.
847 Storer, Andrew W
933 Tuttle, Elon A
873 Wells, W. A. 913
Senior, Henry.
918 Sutton, Benjamin.
810.
West, John.
958
Shaw, Edward 773
Utendorfer, G. P
650
Shields, H. II. 888
Shipley, C. P.
1001 Tasker, J.
795
Wheeler, J. S
Simenson, Matt.
797 Taylor. D.
888
Valentine, J. H. 958
Sirrine, James
870 Telford, D. W.
639
Van Dusen, Dr.
647
Willard. N. E
933
Skinner, M. M.
802 Temple, Frank E
947
Van Patter, Henry 720
Skinner, W. M
652 Tenney, Thomas
682
Van Wie, J. H.
960
Smith, C. II.
649 Tenney, Charles W
683
Vermilya, George 716
Smith, C. H
996 Tenney ' harles.
8101.
Vernall, Nelson 949
Winans, E. S.
891
Smith, Thomas A
655 Thomas, Amos
886
Winter, Charles .1 859
Somers, F. M.
650 Thompson, W. E
716
Winter, William 932
Spear, James ..
863 Thompson, E. O ..
Spotts, Samuel
923 Thompson, O. B.
671 Thompson, Mrs. Lucina 947 Walker, J. W.
785 Wood, Joseph 873
Stanbery, John S.
635 Tiffany, Major
982 Wallraff, Peter
828
840 Wood, R. R. . 788
Stanbery, Thomas ..
924 Tinker, J. B.
994 Walter, Francis
stanbery, William C.
646 Todd, R. M.
825 Ward, George.
852 Woodford, George G ,97
Stearns, G. A.
992 Tompkins, W. C.
722 Warren, N. W 879
Stevens, A. M
914 Trapp, David S.
843 Washburn, S. H.
650 Wright, James 808
Stevens, Oscar.
800 Tucker, Christopher
.. 730 Watts, Daniel.
890, Wright, J. C. 654
PORTRAITS.
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
Carr, James R.
861 Gibson, Mrs. George ... 669 Lyman, George E 841 Stilson, A. R. 999
Cook, Joseph W ...
789 Goodhue, O. A 963
Smith, C. H .. 989
Cook, Mrs. Joseph W .. 790
Sanborn, G. W 679
Harris, Shorland.
McDonald, G. F 769
Felthous, George H.
689 Harris, C. W
851 Morris, Richard. 823
Frost, George E.
641 Harroun, John 935
Tuttle, Mgreus 707
Hill, Leonard 898
Tuttle, A. B. 607
Gibson, George.
668 Hill, Mrs Leonard.
899 Parker, H. G 597 Tuttle, E. A 871
Wilson, Thomas B. 895
Smith, H. I.
721 Thada, Joseph
880
Vinton, Horace 960
886 Walker, Daniel W
829
656 Wood, James B
Stanbery. Rec.
944 Walker, George H
Williams, Ira
810
Willis, II. J.
Willson, Alonzo, 1001
Wier. A. W.
VanAnken, L. M.
850 Wheeler, A. L Wheeler, E. S 634
FRANKLIN AND CERRO GORDO COUNTY CERTIFICATES.
We, the undersigned, members of the general committee appointed to correct and revise the manuseript of the History of Franklin County, written and complied by the Union Publishing Company, of Springfield, Illinois, do hereby certify that said manuseript was submitted to us, and we did, to the best of our recollec- tion, correet and revise the same, and made all the changes and additions that we, in our judgement, deemed necessary, ani as corrected we approve the same.
A. North. D. W. Mott, George Beed, James Thompson, S. M Jones,
Committee.
Following is the certificate of the committee for the respective cities and townships:
We, the committee appointed to revise and correct the history of our respective townships for the His- tory of Franklin County, written and complied by the Union Publishing Company, of Springfield, Illinois. do hereby certify that the manuscript was submitted to us, and that we made all the changes, corrections and additions that we in our judgment, and to the best of our recollection, deemed necessary, and as corrected, we approve of the sime:
D. W. Dow, H. A. Clock,
Charles Westaby, -Wisner Township.
D. W. Mott. -Ingham Township.
James Thompson, James T. McCormick,
L. Elseffer
-Marion Township.
E. B. Hill, Henry Palmer. -Scott Township.
William Avers, Rev. William P. Avery, A. S. Ross. -Richland Township.
T. W. Jones. A. Creighton, H. J. Mitchell,
Lewis Shroyer.
M. B. Jones,
Levi Jones, -Reere Ternship.
August Quasdorf. William H. Weaver.
Robert Hamilton, S. H. Vankirk. - Morgan Township. Amon Rice, (1. J. Mott. -Mott Township. John O. Crapser, L. N. Lockwood, - West Fork Township.
We. the undersigned, members of the gencral committee, appointed to correct and revise the History of Cerro Gordo County, written and compiled by the Union Publishing Company of Springfield, Illinois. do hereby eertify that the manuscript was submitted to us and we did, to the best of our recollection. correct and revise the same, and made all the charges and additions that we, in our judgement, deemed necessary, and as corrected we approve the same:
C. W. Tenney, M. P. Rosecrans, Henry Martin. H. G. Parker, Alonzo Willson.
--
Committee.
Following is the certificate of the committees for the respective cities and townships:
We, the members of the committee appointed to revise and correct the history of our respective town- ships for the History of Cerro Gordo County, written and compiled by the Union Publishing Company, of Springfield, Illinois, do hereby certify that the manuscript was submitted to us and that we made all the changes, corrections and additions that we in our judgment, and to the best of our recollection, deemed necessary, and as corrected we approve of the same.
C. W. Tenney, Harmon Dilts, E. A. Tuttle, M. P. Rosecrans.
John Pence,
Thomas Law.
Richard Morris. -Falls Township.
H. W. Rood, -Lake Township. -Lincoln Township.
R. T. Lane, Edwin Nichols, -Mt. Vernon Township.
Sid Sanford, C. A. Winter.
-Dougherty Township. A. Rogers. -Geneseo Township.
Henry Senior,
A. R. Stilson,
A. S. Felt,
-Portland Township.
Henry Brown, J. W. Cook.
Township.
Joseph Hill,
G. S. Armitage,
J. Quaekenbush,
-Oren Township.
C. R. Hamstreet,
Henry Martin,
A. M. Bryant.
G. O. Fuller.
T. B. Hobbs,
Thomas Henry.
-Union Township.
-Grimes Township.
E. Randall,
James lenkenson,
George Vermilya.
-MMason City and
-Grant Township.
T. S. Gardner, Michael Callanan, Oscar Stevens. -Clear Lake Township. B. G. Richardson. .
-Lime Creek Township.
T. M. Brown.
William Henderson.
-Bath Township.
S. M. Jones. -Washington Township* and Levi Bigelow, J. 1. Popejoy. -Oakland Township. J. W. Slocum, O. P. Lane, H. S. Eddy.
L. Stoddard, Mrs. L. Stoddard, Richard Horner. -Genera Township.
William Boddy, William Taylor, Wesley Brogan. - Grant Township.
Dr. J. S. Hurd, A. S. Ross. -Ross Township. W. S. Bowen, R. Wilde, A. F. Crosby. -Clinton Township.
G. W. Shaver,
Andrew Hamilton. -Hamilton Township. R. T. Blake, Mrs. Susan Jane Sawyer. -Osceola Township. G. W Hansell,
- Lee Township.
Hampton City.
-Pleasant Valley Township. James Howland, Patrick Broderick. G. B. Roekwell,
Thomas Ferrett, R. Bugher,
HISTORY OF IOWA.
-
CHAPTER I.
T' HE traveler, in wending his way across the fair State of Iowa, with its evidences of civilization upon every hand; its magnificent churches with spires pointing heavenward; its school-houses almost upon every hill; palatial residences evincing wealth and refinement, cannot realize that, less than a half century ago, this "beautiful land" was the home only of the red man, who roamed at will over the fair and fertile prairies, hunting in the woods and fishing in its streams. The change would seem too great for him to realize. But it is indeed true. These churches, these school-houses, these pala- tial residences, these railroads, these tele- graph and telephone wires, all have been erected or placed here within the space of a half century.
Before the advent of the Red Men, who were found in possession by the Europeans, who inhabited this country, is a subject yet unsolved, and is shrouded in mystery. That there were human beings of a distinct race from the red men of later days, is gen-
erally conceded, but scientists fail as yet to agree as to their nature and origin. That this continent is co-existent with the world of the ancients cannot be questioned. Every investigation instituted under the auspices of modern civilization confirms this fact. It is thought by many that the first inhabitants came from Asia, by way of Behring's Strait, and in large numbers. Magnificent cities and monuments were raised at the bidding of tribal leaders, and populous settlements centered with thriv- ing villages sprang up everywhere in man- ifestation of the progress of the people. For the last four hundred years the colo- nizing Caucasian has trodden on the ruins of a civilization whose greatness he could only surmise. Among these ruins are pyramids similar to those which have ren- dered Egypt famous. The pyramid of Chalula is square, each side of its base being 1,335 feet, and its height 172 feet. Another pyramid north of Vera Cruz is formed of large blocks of highly polished porphyry, and bears upon it- front hiero-
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HISTORY OF IOWA.
glyphic inscriptions and curious sculpture. It is 82 feet square, and a flight of 57 steps conducts to its summit, which is 65 feet high. The ruins of Palenque are said to extend 20 miles along the ridge of a moun- tain, and the remains of an Aztec city, near the banks of the Gila, are spread over more than a square league. The principal feature of the Aztec civilization which has come down to us was its religion, which we are told was of a dark and gloomy character. Each new god created by their priesthood, instead of arousing new life in the people, brought death to thousands; and their grotesque idols exposed to drown the senses of the beholders in fear, wrought wretchedness rather than spiritual happi- ness. In fact, fear was the great animating principal, the motive power which sustained this terrible religion. Their altars were sprinkled with blood drawn from their own bodies in large quantities, and on them thousands of human victims were sacri- ficed in honor of the demons whom they worshipped. The head and heart of every captive taken in war were offered up as a sacrifice to the god of battles, while the victorious legions feasted on the remaining portions of the bodies. It is said that during the ceremonies attendant on the consecration of two of their tem- ples, the number of prisoners offered up in sacrifice was 12,210, while they them- selves contributed large numbers of volun- tary victims to the terrible belief.
The race known as the Mound-Builders next attracts the attention of the ethnolo- gists. Throughout the Mississippi Valley, including many portions of Iowa, are found mounds and walls of earth or stone, which
can only have a human origin. These mounds vary in size from a few feet to hundreds of feet in diameter. In them are often found stone axes, pestles, arrow- heads, spear-points, pieces of flint, and other articles. Pottery of various de- signs is very common in them, and from the material of which they are made geol- ogists have attempted to assign their age.
Some have thought that the Mound- Builders were a race quite distinct from the modern Indians, and that they were in an advanced state of civilization. The best authorities now agree that while the comparatively civilized people called the Aztecs built the cities whose ruins are occasionally found, the Mound-Builders were the immediate ancestors of the In- dians De Soto first saw, and little different from the Indians of to-day.
The origin of the Red Men, or Ameri- can Indians, is a subject which interests as well as instructs. It is a favorite topic with the ethnologist, even as it is one of deep concern to the ordinary reader. A review of two works lately published on the origin of the Indians, treats the matter in a peculiarly reasonable light. It says :
"Recently a German writer has put for- ward one theory on the subject, and an English writer has put forward another and directly opposite theory. The differ- ence in opinion concerning our aboriginals among authors who have made a profound study of races, is at once curious and in- teresting. Blumenbach treats them in his classifications as a distinct variety of the human family; but, in the three-fold divi- sion of Dr. Latham, they are ranked among the Mongolidæ. Other writers on races
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HISTORY OF IOWA.
regard them as a branch of the great Mon- golian family, which at a distant period found its way from Asia to this continent, and remained here for centuries separate from the rest of mankind, passing, mean- while, through divers phases of barbarism and civilization. Morton, our eminent ethnologist, and his followers, Nott and Gliddon, claim for our native Red Men an origin as distinct as the flora and fauna of this continent. Prichard, whose views are apt to differ from Morton's, finds reason to believe, on comparing the American tribes together, that they must have formed a separate department of nations from the earliest period of the world. The era of their existence as a distinct and isolated people must probably be dated back to the time which separated into nations the in- habitants of the Old World, and gave to each its individuality and primitive lan- guage. Dr. Robert Brown, the latest authority, attributes, in his 'Races of Man- kind,' an Asiatie origin to our aboriginals. He says that the Western Indians not only personally resemble their nearest neighbors -the Northeastern Asiatics-but they re- semble them in language and tradition. The Esquimaux on the American and the Tchukteis on the Asiatic side understand one another perfectly. Modern anthro- pologists, indeed, are disposed to think that Japan, the Kuriles, and neighboring regions, may be regarded as the original home of the greater part of the native American race. It is also admitted by them that between the tribes scattered from the Arctic sea to Cape Horn there is more uniformity of physical feature than is seen in any other quarter of the globe. The weight of evidence and au-
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