USA > Iowa > Scott County > History of Scott County, Iowa > Part 62
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DUELS.
The readers of this history will hardly expeet a record of duels in a State so highly civilized as Iowa. But there were once advo- eates of the eode living here, and there are on record two instanees of a resort to it. From " Davenport Past and Present," the fol- lowing record is taken:
" In the Spring of '37, the first duel ' on record,' in Iowa, was fought between a couple of Winnebago Indians. A party of the tribe was here fishing, and eneamped on Roek Island. A couple of young men were earousing at Stephenson, and, in a little while commeneed quarreling. The blow was passed. Too refined, by their intercourse with the whites. to avenge the blow with knife or tomahawk, they resorted to the code of honor. Unfortunately for one of them. the choice of weapons was not fully up to the pre- vailing principles of the code duello. One had a shot gun. the other wisely took the rifle. On the willow island, below the city, they drew up the required distance, and blazed away. The heavy lead of the eraeking rifle was . too much' for the lighter pellets of its more noisy brother-the shot gun. The shot gun and its hold- er went down, and the latter was buried not far from the grave- yard below the eity, and upon the banks of the noble Mississippi, whose everlasting voices hymned his advent to the Spirit Land.
704
HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY.
"The rifle hero fled to his home in Rock River country. But vengeance overtook him even there. The friends and relations of the slain clamored for the blood of the slayer-and the sister of the latter went for the survivor. She found him-entreated him to come back to Rock Island, and be killed, to appease the wrath- ful manes of the departed. Such logic was irresistible-he came -and in a canoe paddled by his own sister, he reached the island, singing his death song. A shallow grave was dug, and kneeling upon its brink, his body tumbled into it, and his death song was hushed as the greedy knives of his exentioners drank the blood of his brave heart. Can the white man show a nobler act than this, among all his bravest deeds in the arena of the duellist? The chiaro oscuro of Spartan deeds presents no more beautiful blend- ing of heroism and duty than this -- nay, verily.
"A duel, the second on record in Iowa, and the first among white men, occurred in 1841, between Messrs. Egnor and Fitch. Love, as is the case generally, was the cause of the emeute, and pistols alone could quell it. They met early one morning on the banks of a stream below Davenport-which stream, in consequence has been immortalized as 'Bloody Run.' They fired, and re- turned to the city unharmed, save that Egnor's arm was bandaged. and carried in a sling. Posterity is divided in regard to the nat- ure of the wound-a minority asserting that it was caused by a bullet, while the remainder assert that neither pistol had anything more deadly in it than powder and wadding."
SCOTT COUNTY BIBLE SOCIETY.
The Scott County Bible Society, auxiliary to the American Bible Society, was organized in Davenport, Sept. 13, 1842, at which time a constitution was framed and adopted, which has continued withi- out material alteration or amendment to the present time. . At its first meeting Rev. D. Worthington was elected President, and Charles Leslie, Secretary. The following named are the present officers : J. S. Conners. President; E. B. Hayward, Treasurer ; Harry Sayles, Secretary.
CHOLERA.
The first cases of asiatie cholera that occurred in the vicinity of the present city of Davenport occured in 1832. During the previous year. Gen. Winfield Scott had been ordered to take 1,000 troops and proceed to Wisconsin Territory and keep in subjection the In-
705
HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY.
dian tribes that were threatening war upon the whites. His forces moved westward from New York by way of the Erie canal to Buf. falo, where, in embarking upon a transport that was bound to some point near Chieago, they took upon board a man who was lying in the sun upon the wharf siek with the cholera, of course not knowing the nature of the disease. A few days after, the disease broke out among the closely packed troops and raged with great virulence, many dying with it. The decimated force landed near Chicago and wintered there, thence moving down as far as the present city of Dixon, in the spring of 1832. Gen. Atkinson, then in command, sent their baggage down Rock River in boats under charge of his Rangers, and landed it at Big Island, near the present village of Milan, where it was left subject to the purifieation of the elements. The Rangers came around up the Mississippi and went into quarters on the present Democrat farm. Soon after one of them was taken siek, and no one knowing what ailed him, he was taken to the hos- pital on the island. The surgeons at this post were not familiar with the disease-in fact know not what it was. The hospital was situated near the bakery, and soon the contagion spread among the bakers, and spread into the eamp. Nothing could be done to stay the ravages of the scourge, and 100 were soon dead out of a garrison of 400. The garrison was then divided. One detachment was posted on the site of the present Democrat farm; another at the present Watkin's place, a mile farther up the river. This selection of camps was in order to enjoy the wholesome water of the copious springs at each of those places. The third division went into quarters on the Illinois side, on the ground afterward occupied as a residence by P. L. Cable. The fort being abandoned the garrison seattered into healthful places, the scourage subsided, not a death afterward oc- curring.
FERRIES.
The Mississippi River was no slight obstruetion to travel in the early day, and immigrants from the east would endeavor to steer their course so as to make some point where there was a good ferry established which charged reasonable prices for ferriage. The first publie ferry between Warsaw on the south, and Prairie du Chien on the north, a distance of 500 miles, was established by Col. George Davenport in 1825, and full crews employed both at the "slough " and the main channel, for the original ferry led across the island and not below it. The slough ferry touched the Illinois shore
706
HISTORY OF SOOTT COUNTY.
near where the passenger depot of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad now stands. The island landing on the main chan- nel was just in front of the Davenport mansion, while on the Iowa shore there were two-an arriving and departing landing. The rapids' current was strong, and the boats, ordinarily propelled by oar and helm, were naturally carried well down stream in cross- ing. The first landing was at a point where Renwick's mill was subsequently built, and from this point, having first discharged its freight, the boat was polled up along the shore to a point at the foot of Mississippi avenue, from which it returned to the island landing. It was seldom, indeed, that there was any return trade. The crew consisted of two oarsmen and a man at the helm, and for putting a man and horse across was $1.25, or a two-horse team for $2.00; single passengers in a skiff, 25 cents.
Captain Benjamin W. Clark established a ferry at Buffalo while he lived at Andalusia, before he moved across the river. For many years this was the most noted ferry between Burlington and Du- buque. Antoine Le Claire in 1834 started his ferry below the isl- and, and Davenport boats and crews retired from the business. Le Claire opened out with flat-boats. Ilis first captain was L. S. Colton. After three years' service Mr. Le Claire sold out his fran- chise and boats to John Wilson for $1,000, and retired from the business.
Mr. Wilson was a man of enterprise. and improved his line by building new boats and transacting his business in a systematic manner. He made commutation rates with Roek River ferry, at the mouth of Green River, whereby one fare paid way over both ferries, which arrangement being well advertised, greatly inereased his business and brought to Scott County many parties seeking homes, who otherwise would not have come. In the Iowa Sun, of Aug. 4, 1838, it was announced that Mr. Wilson had a steam ferry upon the stocks which he would put upon the water in due time. For some unaccountable reason the boat was not finished until 1842, but when it did appear it was found to be in advance of the times, and was taken off to re-appear no more until 1852. It was, however. the first steam ferry on the river above St. Louis.
In 1842 there were 12 ferries chartered. Every town along the river, or site where a town was to be in the future, had its ferry. Benjamin W. Clark had a ferry at Buffalo, which still exists. In the spring of 1838 Benjamin W. Clark was licensed to run a ferry
707
HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY.
at Buffalo; John H. Sullivan and Adrian II. Davenport at Rock- ingham, and Marmaduke S. Davenport at Credit Island. These ferries may have been in operation before this time, but this is their first public record. The Buffalo ferry is the only survivor of the three.
In the spring of 1839 Joseph and Mathias Mounts were char- tered ferrymen just below Buffalo. Avery Thomas started a flat ferry-boat at Pinneo's Landing, now Princeton. Benj. Doolittle was also chartered for the Wapsipinecon, near its mouth. These were all flat-boats. The Princeton ferry is now run by steam.
In 1840 Gilbert Marshall was licensed to ferry the Wapsipine- con at Point Pleasant, and this became the property of J. W. Kertly in 1842, and afterward that of Judge Grant.
In 1842 Lucian Wells started a ferry at Pleasant Valley, and Parkhurst. now Le Claire, was honored near the same time.
At the May. 1838. term of the County Commissioners' Court, held at Rockingham, the following was adopted as the schedule for licenses: Davenport, 820; Butlalo, $10; Rockingham, §8; all the rest at $5 per annum. The following rates were also allowed for the Mississippi ferriage:
Footman . 189.
Man and horse . 50.
One vehicle and driver 75.
Two-horse vehicle and driver 100.
Each additional horse or mule
189.
Neat cattle. per head 123.
Sheep or hogs .05
Freight. per hundred .061.
The Wapsipinecon tariff was 33 per eent. off the Mississippi rates.
The commissioners also entered on their records the following order:
" Ordered. That each keeper give due attendance at all times, from sunrise until 8 P. M., but shall be allowed double rates of ferriage after sunset."
Among the improvements instituted by Mr. Wilson was the " ferry alarm." Says a local writer:
" In very primitive times, in order to arouse the ferryman on the opposite shore, benighted Stephensonites, who had been over here [in Davenport] to attend evening service and overstaid their time. or zealous Davenporters, who after dark had occasion to visit Stephenson in the missionary cause, had to raise the . war-whoop.' In order to discourage relies of barbarism, Mr Wilson introduced
708
HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY.
the ferry triangle, an ungainly piece of triangular steel, whichi, when vigorously pounded with a club, sent forth from its gallows- tree a most wretched elanging noise. But it brought the skift though it waked the whole town. That triangle was immortalized by Davenport's local bard-the same who is now broiling beneath a torrid sun in a far off consulate. In an inspired moment he ground out an epic, or a lyric, or a something, in seven stanzas, and from seven to 17 poetic feet. We would reproduce it if we were quite certain our readers were all prepared to die."
On the death of John Wilson, the ferry fell into the hands of his son-in-law, Judge Spencer, and Thomas J. Robinson, then associ- ate judge, and in 1854 another judge, James Grant, of Daven- port, was added, and the firm changed from J. W. Spencer & Co. to Spencer, Robinson & Co. Judge Grant retired in 1862, but the firm name remained the same. John W. Spencer was one of the early pioneers of Ilhnois, arriving in Green County, from Ver- gennes, Vt., behind a lot of cows and young cattle. which he drove ont for Isaae Hawley, who subsequently became a citizen of Scott County.
Thomas J. Robinson came out in 1837 to Greene Co., Ill., from Maine. his whole worldly wealth consisting of two dollars. IIe taught school several years, and was county clerk several years. In 1847 he came to Rock Island Co., Ill., and for two years engaged in farming. He then engaged in merchandising and milling three or four years at Port Byron, and from 1853 to 1868 was the Captain to be seen, almost without a day's absence, upon the deck of his active and prosperous steamer. ever active, pleasant and accommodating. minding his own business and mind- ing it well.
The " John Wilson " was the first permanent steam ferry-boat introduced between Davenport and Rock Island. The "Daven- port " came out in 1855 and ran in connection with the " Wilson" in those busy transfer times of 1855 and 1856, before the completion of the railroad bridge. In 1857 the " Rock Island." the present ferry. came into service, and the "Wilson" was sold to the Fulton and Lyons trade, and when the war broke out the . Davenport" went into the Government transport business, and in time went where the good steamers go.
The only competition the firm of Spencer, Robinson & Co. ever had was in 1854-'55, when Judge Mitchell and C. S. Whisler, hav- ing obtained a 10 years' charter from Iowa, put a boat of their own
709
HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY.
upon the line. In the winter of 1854-'55, they made an effort to get a charter from the Illinois Legislature but failed. Having author- ity to carry but one way, the business was unprofitable, but keeping up a bold front, they sold out their Iowa franchise in 1855 to Spen - cer, Robinson & Co., for $2,000, and afterward sold their boat to an irresponsible party and never got a cent for it.
Spencer, Robinson & Co. amassed a handsome fortune from the ferry. Their best years were 1855 and 1856, but the business con- tinued good until the Government built the magnificent bridge across the river and threw it open to everybody free of charge. Under this arrangement the boat barely paid expenses, and a valuble source of revenue has been lost. But it can in truth be said the old ferry served its owners and the public well.
THE WEATHER.
The winter of 1842-3 is one long to be remembered. In an- swer to a letter Prof. T. S. Parvin, of Iowa City, writes the editor of this work as follows:
I have examined my Meteorological Records of 1842-'3, and ex- tract therefrom the following items: The record was made at Mus- catine, six miles south, and 30 miles by the river west, so that there is no material difference between the two places.
1812 .- Nov. 18. temperature 4, ice running in the Mississippi River. 26th, river closed. Good sleighing from this date. Dec. 19, temperature, 21 ° below zero, lowest of the winter. Coklest day 22º. temperature, six ª .
1843 .- April 1, good sleighing continued and uninterrupted from Nov. 26, a period of 126 days, or four months. April 8. river opened, having been closed a period of 134 days, or four and one half months, the longest period known in the history of the coun- try, the average time for 40 years being two months. Coldest day, Feb. 6, six 9, and the lowest temperature 19 º below zero.
1842.
Nov. Mean Temp. 30.20 °
Max. 69 0
Min. -11-
Dec. Mean 21.60 =
Max. 48 3
Min. -- 21 °
1843. Mean Temp. 24.90 > Max.
Jan. Min. Temp. - 15°
Feb. Mean 13.30 ℃
Max.
Min. -- 19 >
March. Mean 15.515
Max. 6 6
April.
Min. -15 ° Mean 66 47.700
Jan.
Max. 6.
Min. 16 °
710
HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY.
The winter ot 1842-'43 was the longest, not eoldest, winter, known to the old settlers.
We have had other winters with a lower mean temperature and with lower temperature, (as low as 30° below zero), lower daily temperature and more days of extremely low temperature, but none of such long continuance as that famous winter of cold, prolonged cold, of ice and snow, through a longer period than ever before or since.
The following are the dates of elosing and opening of the river at Le Claire from the winter of 1841 to the present time :
NO, DAYS
NO. DAYS
WINTER.
CLOSED.
OPENED. CLOSED. WINTER.
CLOSED.
OPENED. OLOSED.
1841-12
Dec. 27
March 1
67
1862-'3 Did not close so as to prevent
1842-'3
Nov. 7
April 10
147
boats running but two or three
1843-'4
Jan. 27
Feb. 27
30
days.
1844-'5
Feb. 4
Feb. 19
15
1863-'4
Dec. 18
March 2 75
1845-'6
Nov. 30
Jan. 24
59
1864-'5
Dec. 8
March 7* 89
1846-'7
Jan. S
March 15
66
1865-'6
Dec. 12
March 24
102
1847-'8
Jan. 19
Feb. 17
29
1866-'7
Dee. 27
April 5 99
1848-'9
Dec, 20
March 21 93
1867-'S
Dec. 14
March 11
88
1849-'50 Did not close and ferry-
1868-'9
Dec. 8
Feb. 15
69
boats were scarcely inter- rupted.
1871-'2
Nov. 28
March 29
123
1851-'2
Dec. 6
March 5
89
1872-'3
Nov. 17
March 14 116
1853-4
Dec. 23
March 1
68
1874-'5
Nov. 29
March 30 121
1854-'5
Jan. 21
March 10
48
1875-'6
Nov. 24
Feb. 26
94
1855-6
Dec. 24
March 29
96
1876-'7
Dec. 1
Feb. 19
80
1856-'7
Dec. 6
March 25
109
1877-8
Nov. 30
Feb. 16
77
1857-'8
Closed about one week.
1878-19
Dec. 10
March 9
88
1958-9
Did not close.
1879-'80
Dec. 12
Feb. 15
64
1860-'1
Dec. 22
March 2
70
1881-'2
Jan. 14
Feb. 10
27
1870-'1
Dec. 22
March 30
99
1852-'3
Dec. 4
March 9
95
1873-'4
Dec. 21
March 8
86
1859-'69
Dec. 20
March 29
101
1880-'1
Nov. 18
April 13
147
1861-'2
Dec. 2
March 29
117
The past week has been marked by very undecided weather. It was cold, warm and pleasant; snowed, hailed and rained; froze, thawed and froze again; ealm, blustering and mild; in brief, as a Yankee would say, we have had " considerable weather," --- enongh, however, to suit the most fastidious taste, if properly propor- tioned .- Gazette, Dec. 23, 1841.
We have heard it frequently observed by old residenters, that the climate of this winter is the most changeable they have ever experienced in Iowa .- Gazette, Jan. 13, 1842.
*Ice ran out and steamer " Hawkeye " arrived the same evening.
711
HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY.
Onr weather for several days has been remarkably warm, more appropriate to the month of April than that of January .-- Gazette, Jan. 20, 1842.
It is said that we are further north than the more southern States. Well, we do not intend to dispute the fact, but we do think that vegetation is more advanced here now, at this present writing, than we have known it in the southern portion of Ohio on the 27th of April. Many vegetables raised in the gardens, growing from the seed, are advanced enough to be edible. We had radishes on our table nearly a week since, some of which were almost an inch in diameter. Flowers, there is no end of them; our prairies are carpeted with a variegated hue, richer than ever looms of Lydia wove .- Gazette, April 28, 1842.
The weather continnes cold, with the merenry from six to eight degrees below zero. The ice in the river is more compact and firm than it has been this winter, and presents no sign of breaking up. The past winter is admitted by the "oldest settler " to have been the coldest within their remembrance.
Our weather is as fickle as fortune. Alternately it smiles and frowns upon us till fatigued we, for once, sigh for sameness. If we were not right sure the elerk of the weather, like our Legislat- ure imitating Congress, would disregard a petition, we would get numerous signers for cold weather. But heigho! " Whatever is, is right," says Pope, and repeat we. so " no more of that an' thou lovest me."-Gazette, Jan. 18. 1844.
Onr river elosed up on last Saturday night, but the ice again broke loose for a short time on Monday. At this time it continues closed, but impassable. Last Sunday was the coldest day we have experienced this winter; mereury five degrees below zero .- Gazette, Thursday, Feb. 1, 1844.
For a fortnight past, with the exception of one or two rainy days, we have had the most delightful weather ever experienced at this season in this climate. Geese are continually passing over, north- ward bound, while the bluebird carols his sweet notes from the forest trees in token of the return of spring. In many sections of the country it has redeemed wheat supposed to have been killed by the unfavorableness of the early part of the winter .-- Guzette, Feb. 24, 1844.
The Mississippi has been rising gradually for the past 10 or 12 days, until it is now higher than it has been since 1828. We appre- hend there will be considerable damage done from the rise. The river
712
HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY.
at present presents a beautiful sight, and well may it be termed the " Father of Waters," deluging as it does the bottoms and islands. It must be a mile and a quarter wide in front of our town .- Ga- zette, April 25, 1844.
After almost incessant rains for two and a half months, about the first of this month, the clouds dispersed, and since that time we have had fine harvest weather .-- Gazette, July 17, 1844.
Last Tuesday night another storm passed over this place and vicinity, prostrating many of the shade trees which adorn our streets, leveling corn fields and doing much other injury. Such a succes- sion of heavy rains and destructive storms have never before been known in this portion of the West .- Gazette, Aug. 1, 1844.
After a series of weeks of weather so delightful as almost to de- ceive vegetation into the idea of early spring, winter has com- menced with that sure criterion of continuance-a river full of moving ice. For three months to come we must expect to inhale the invigoration of a cool, bracing atmosphere .- Gazette, Nov. 28, 1844.
The river is now closed at this place for the first time this sea- son. The ice stopped running Tuesday, 4th instant. The season thus far has been been remarkably mild .- Gazette, Feb. 6, 1845.
The Mississippi at this place closed on Sunday, the 30th of No- vember. On Monday men crossed on the ice and on Tuesday with teams. After many days of the most delightful fall weather, win- ter has fairly and coldly commenced. Sunday morning last the mercury stood 14 degrees below zero .- Gazette, Dec. 4, 1845.
After abont six weeks of spring weather, winter has again thrown its snowy mantle over the earth, blocked up the river, and made the cheerful fireside the most comfortable location .- Gazette, Feb. 26, 1846.
Yesterday morning was the coldest experienced this winter, the mercury ranging from 18 to 20 degrees below zero .- Gazette, Jan. 11, 1849.
The river froze over in December and remained closed until March 14, 1849.
Last Monday was the coldest day of the season, the mercury ranging from eight to 10 degrees below zero. The river has closed above us, but there is still a narrow channel open. At present there is the gloomy prospect before us of a thaw .-- Gazette, Dec. 20, 1849.
713
HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY.
Christmas day (1851) was peenliarly disagreeable. The thermom- eter showed 26 degrees at sunrise, then came a light snow and the mercury dropped down to 16 degrees and the wind blew chilly. Next morning the mercury stood at 4 degrees, and the people from the country say the wind blew a hurricane, and rieks of grain and stocks of hay were scattered in all directions. The average temperature of Davenport, 1850, was 163 degrees, and of December, 1851, 164 degrees. The maximum, or highest temperature attained in 1850 was 26 degrees; in 1851, 48 degrees. The minimum, or lowes point to which the merenry sunk in 1850, was 2 degrees below zero; in 1851 it sunk to 20 degrees below zero. Range of the thermom . eter in December, 1850, 28 degrees; in December, 1851, 68 de- grees .- Gazette, Jan. 1, 1852.
Last Monday morning (Jan. 19), with the exception of the morning of Feb. 1, 1840, was the coldest weather experi- eneed here for 25 years. and how much longer " the mind of man runneth not to the contrary," as we can find no older inhabitant. During the winter of 1842-3, the mereury sunk 26 de- grees below zero. On Monday morning it stood 27 degrees below zero. In 1840 it was 28 degrees below, and for 13 years previous the lowest the soldiers on the island knew it was 25 degrees below zero. Such was its severity that Mr. Le Claire had a young horse frozen to death which was running at large upon the island. Last Sunday morning the merenry stood at 5 degrees below zero; at 2 1'. M., 4 degrees below; at 5 P.M., 10 degrees below, and at 9. P. M., 16 degrees below. On Monday morning it was 27 degrees be- low; at 12 M., 9 degrees below, and at 9 P.M., 13 degrees below zero. A change occurred during the night and the next morning it had risen to 6 degrees above zero. - Gazette, Jan. 22, 1852.
Sunday night, Nov. 21. we had an old-fashioned Eastern storm that brought with it snow which drifted until. while some places were bare, less exposed ones were piled up to a depth of three or four feet .- Guzette, Nov. 25, 1852.
We have had quite a medley of weather the past week. From the 9th to the 12th inelusive was the winding up of several weeks of wretched weather. During those days it tried desperately to snow, but couldn't effeet it. The 13th, 14th and 15th were delight- ful days, cold, bright and bracing. On Monday, the 13th, the ther- mometer stood 5 degrees below zero, and 18 degrees below zero on the 15th .- Gazette, Dee. 16, 1852.
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