USA > Iowa > Tama County > History of Tama County, Iowa, together with sketches of their towns, villages and townships, educational, civil, military and political history, portraits of prominent persons, and biographies of representative citizens > Part 63
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HISTORY OF TAMA COUNTY.
been attached. The history of the two regiments was thereafter essentially the same, and both closed their fighting career in the valley of the Shenandoah. The conclusion of the history of the Twenty- eighth may therefore be briefly set forth.
In January, 1865, it moved by sea to Savannah, Georgia, and for several weeks formed part of the garrison of that repos- sessed city. The middle of March, the command moved to Newbern, North Caro- lina, to re-enforce General Schofield. Here the regiment was assigned to the Tenth Corps. It remained under General Scho- field's command until the surrender of General Joe Johnston, when Lieutenant Colonel Wilson was ordered back to Savannah. Thence he moved with his command to Augusta, but returning again to Savannah, in the latter part of June; the Twenty-eighth was there mustered out of the service on the last day of July, then numbering about five hundred.
From Savannah the regiment proceeded to Davenport, Iowa, where it was received by a large concourse of citizens, and where it was finally disbanded in the month of August. It had been engaged in a dozen battles, and many skirmishes during its term of service ; had traveled well nigh the entire circuit of the confeder- acy ; had always done its duty faithfully, bravely, conscientiously. Its officers and men were remarkable for their independ- ent spirit and their modesty. They did not blow the trumpet ot their own fame ; but on every battle-field, on every march, on every campaign, they quitted them- selves like men, so it can truthfully be said that, among all the volunteer regiments which composed the grand army that
vanquished the rebellion and restored the Union, not one did its duty better than the Twenty-eighth Iowa Infantry.
FORTY SEVENTII INFANTRY.
COMPANY G.
Privates.
John Linsday J. Williams.
W. D. Williams.
COMPANY K.
First Lieutenant:
C. L. Bailey.
First Sergeant:
J D. Jackson.
Corporals:
Denton Camery, O. II. Cobb.
Privates:
John Aldrich L. Allman .
J. B. M. Bear, W McLawry,
F. M. Bricker,
II. W. Nungesser.
H. A. Bunce, L. Park,
J. F. Cobb,
W. Rittenhouse,
R. M. Coffin,
O. II. Stewart.
J. C. Flathers.
C. Soloman,
W. F Ilillmon,
C. E. Sullivan,
G M Hall, L. L. Stoddard,
G. R Ilershey J. S. Vancuren,
S. E. Hall, F. A Vancuren,
R. Lotzenkizer, A. Zehrung
This regiment was mustered into the service of the United States at Davenport, June 1, 1864, with James P. Sanford of Oskaloosa, as Colonel. The regiment was stationed at that sickly place of Helena, Arkansas, where many succumbed to dis- ease. Of 884 officers and men, one was killed, forty-six died, and one was trans- ferred.
-
FIRST CAVALRY.
COMPANY H.
Privates:
West McDowell,
J. P
Ross,
Peter Quinn,
John Wilson.
F
531
This regiment was mustered into United States service in the spring of 1861, veter- anized in 1864, and did noble service.
SECOND CAVALRY
COMPANY B.
Bugler: W. F. Eskbaugh. Farrier: T. J. Cady .
Privates:
Wm. F Burley,
Wm. Daxton
COMPANY II.
Privates:
W. H. Anderson, J. A. Anderson,
A. Heath,
J. Long.
4
This regiment was organized with W. L. Elliott, of the regular army as Colonel, and was mustered in at Davenport, Sep- tember I, 1861. It participated in the siege of Corinth, Boonville, Rienzi, Iuka, Corinth, Coffeeville, Palo Alto, Birming- ham, Jaekson, Grenada, Collierville, Mos- eow, Pontotoc, Tupelo, Old Town, Oxford and Nashville. It was mustered out at Selma, Alabama, September 19, 1865.
FOURTHI CAVALRY.
COMPANY E.
Privates:
A Spade,
J. J. Folland
FIFTHI CAVALRY.
COMPANY I.
Privates:
John Mathews, B. II. Martin, J. G. Martin.
SIXTH CAVALRY.
COMPANY A.
Private : T. C. Williamson. COMPANY F.
Sergeants :
A. A. Myers, B. B. LaDow,
J. Smith. Corporals :
D. Rosenberger, J. O. Beadle.
Teamster :
C. Roberts.
Privates :
W. G. Armstrong,
J. Cunningham,
W. Il. Alden,
E, Davis,
M. D. Betts,
T. Everett,
F. Ashbaugh.
N. McKune,
A. Fedding,
J. Muddle.
G. Fox,
L. Palacheck,
J. Galaspie. E. A. Richards,
S. Hallett,
S. Strong.
T. Ilubell,
B. F. Sanborn,
W. Hubell,
J. Shaler,
J. Keubn,
J. Sullivan,
J. Kerns, J. Ghampron,
L. D. Knight
COMPANY H.
Corporal :
J. Ilunter. Saddler :
R. Stevens. Wagoner :
('. S. Sanborn Private :
J. Middleton, COMPANY I.
A N. Dodd,
J. A Twogood,
S. A. Lewis,
W. A. Morgan,
O. A. Terpenninz, II. Terpenning, S. Peck.
NINTH CAVALRY.
COMPANY G.
Privates :
E. F. Morse,
R. Robertson,
E. Pearson,
James Rogers.
HISTORY OF TAMA COUNTY.
G
532
HISTORY OF TAMA COUNTY.
Thomas Murphy, G. Watts,
J. Ray.
COMPANY K.
Private : J. H. Brush
This regiment was the last three years regiment recruited in lowa. It was organ- ized and mustered into the service of the United States at Davenport, November 30, 1863, with M. M. Trumbull, of Clarksville, as Colonel. The regiment performed heavy scouting, guard and garrison duties in Arkansas, and was mustered out at Lit- tle Rock, Arkansas, February 28, 1866.
LIGIIT ARTILLERY.
Eighth Corporal : Charles Andress.
Privates :
S. J. Chapman, G. A. Worley.
HONORED DEAD.
The following comprises a list of the brave men from Tama county, who laid down their lives in defense of the Union. Words are feeble in the expression of the gratitude due to these gallant unfortunate comrades ; weak in the expression of the honor with which their names are held in remembrance by those whom they died to benefit. May their names be handed down from generation to generation ; may their children, and children's children, speak of them and recount their deeds with reverence, inspired by the remem- brance and admiration of their noble sac- rifice. May their suffering, their death and their rude burial upon the hot and dusty battle-fields of the South, all tend to strengthen the land they died for, and
make patriotism's watchword, " 'Tis sweet and honorable to die for one's country."
Lieutenant S. S. Dillman, was killed Sep- tember 19, 1864.
Lieutenant G. H Conant, killed at Mission Ridge.
Lieutenant Simon F Eccles, prisoner at Shi- lob, died at Madrid, Ga., August 26, 1862
Lieutenant Myers, died August 14, 1863, at lIelena, Ark.
Appelgate, J. W., died April 24, 1863, at Mem- phis, Tenn .. of smallpox.
Alexander, C. F., died July 10, 1864, at Shi loh, Tenn., of wounds.
Armstrong, W. G., killed September 3. 1863, in battle at White Stone Hills, D. T.
Bixby, Truman, died at Mound City, Ill., No- vember 27, 1861.
Budka, Joseph, killed in battle at Champion Hills, Miss., May 1, 1863.
Bryon, William H., died at Clark Creek, Miss., July 26, 1862.
Bowen, L., died of measles at Benton Bar- racks, December 22, 1861.
Beatty, William W., died at Keokuk, Iowa, of disease, November 13, 1862.
Bishop, J. S. died of disease at Penna Land ing, La., September 8, 1863.
Beckley, E. S., missed at Winchester, Sep- tember 19, 1864.
Bigg, II. L , died May 16, 1863, at Champion Hills, Miss.
Brick, J., died July 21, 1864.
Bunce, 11 A , died at HIelena, Ark., August 7, 1864.
Betts, M. D . died in Dakota, Sept 8, 1862, of wounds.
Bricker, (. W., died Aug. 1, 1864, at St Louis.
Bartlett, J. F., died July 6, 1862
Clark, Eli, died at Farmington, Miss., May 30, 1862, of disease.
Camp, Luke, died Aug. 27, 1863, at Vicksburg, Miss.
Clark, R. F., died May 15, 1862, at Mobile, Alabama. Crowhurst, HI 11 , died at Memphis, Tenn., August 3, 1864.
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HISTORY OF TAMA COUNTY.
533
Davis, Chas. T., died at Toledo, Iowa, on May 12, 1862.
Dykeman, E., died July 19, 1861, at Colum- bus, Ky.
Dykeman, S., died July 8, 1863, at St. Louis, Missouri.
Dew, A. J., died May 12, 1862, at St. Louis, Missouri.
Devore, N., died August 27, 1863, at Corinth, lowa.
Edmonds, J. S., died Sept. 22, 1863.
Emerson, D. W., died March 19, 1863, at Ilelena, Ark.
Filloon, A. J., was wounded in May 1864, at Vicksburg, and died July 25, 1863, at Milliken's, Bend, La., of typhoid fever.
Fielding, J. W., died Oct. 24, 1863, at New Orleans, La.
Freeman J., died May 11, 1863, ou James' plantation.
Finch, T. S., died February 6, 1863, at St. Louis.
Fee, Francis, killed May 16, 1863, at Champion Ilills, Miss., in battle.
Gray, Geo. M., died at Cape Giardean, Nov. 2, 1861.
Gallagher, William, missed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862.
Godfrey, A. S., died August 13, 1863.
Grubb, Wm., missed at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864.
Herrick, C. J., killed May 16, 1863, at Cham- pion Hills, in battle.
Hillmon, George, wounded May 16, 1863, at battle of Champion Ilills, and died May 21, 1863.
llarris, M., died June 30, 1864, on Hospital boat on the Mississippi river.
Hiatt, J. W., wounded May 16, 1863, at Cham- pion Hills, and died there on June 7, 1863.
Ilopkins, J. C., died Jan. 29, 1863, on steamer Emma, near Cairo.
IIammitt, S. W., killed at the battle of Cham, pion Ilills, May 16, 1863.
Hate, John, died April 18, 1865, at Savannah Ga
Hall, S. E., died at Ilelena, Ark., July 1, 1864.
Iloward, II. M., died April 3, 1863, atHelena, Ark.
Howard, E. D., died Jan. 15, 1863, at Vieks- burg, Miss.
Ilancock, J. B., killed in battle of Champion Ilills, May 16, 1863.
James, G. T., wounded May 16, 1863, at Chani- pion Ilills, and died Aug. 18, 1863, at Corinthi, Iowa.
Knight, William J., died June 18, 1863, near Vicksburg, Miss.
Laughlin, Thomas, captured Dee 12, 1862, on the Cairo & Fulton R. R., and died Jan. 22, 1863, a prisoner of war.
Lux, Jacob, died March 27, 1862, near Madrid, Mo., of typhoid fever.
Lammi, J., died in hospital at New Orleans, May, 11, 1864.
Myers, M. M., died May 18, 1864, at Madison, Ind., of disease.
Miles, David, died May 27, 1862, at Montgom- ery, Ala., while a prisoner of war.
McKune, J. E., died August 9, 1862, at Macon, Ga., while a prisoner of war.
Mink, M., wounded October 19, 1864, at Cedar Creek, Va., severely in the left thigh, died De- cember 7, 1864, at Winchester, Va., of wounds.
McGee, C. F., died at Muscatine, October 28, 1862.
Myers, John, cied August 14, 1863, at Helena, Ark., of disease.
Miller, H. M., wounded May 16, 1863, at Champion Ifills, and died June 7, 1863, of wounds.
Millage, James, died at Corinth, July 26, 1862.
Mitchell, L., died September 1, 1863, at Jef- · ferson Barracks, Mo.
Newport, Geo., died December 3, 1863, at Mound City Hospital, 111.
Newport, James, died at Mound City, Ill,
McNair, C. L., died January 22, 1863, at Helena, Ark.
Nanee, D., died June 30, 1863, at St. Louis,
Nicodemus, died August 30, 1864, at Wash- ington, D. C.
Peck, C. W., killed in battle at Champion Hills, Miss, May 16, 1863.
G
534
HISTORY OF TAMA COUNTY.
Pugh, II R , died of disease at Bird's Point, January 15, 1862.
Pope, J. A., died at Mound City, July 11, 1862, of fever.
Perkins, T. N. died April 21, 1863, at Helena, Ark , of disease.
Parcher. G., died September 28, 1864, at Centralia, INl.
Paxton, William, killed in skirmish at Monte- rey, April 29, 1862.
Ramsey, Philip, killed in battle at Champion Hills, May 16, 1863.
Randall, Wesley, wounded October 4, 1863, at Corinth Miss., and died November 8, 1863.
Rouse, J. C., killed in battle at Champion Hills, May 16, 1863.
Ronbad, C., died November 16, 1862, at David Mills, Miss., of accidental shot.
Rug, Van Buren, died at Clear Creek, Miss., July 11, 1862.
Reed, J B., died April 10, 1863, at Helena, Ark.
Russell, B. W., killed in battle at Champion Ilills, Miss., May 16, 1863.
Recdy, D. N , died at Bird's Point, Decem- ber 24, 1862.
Stebbing, John M., killed October 4, 1862, at Corinth, Miss.
Smith, James, died at St. Louis, Mo., Sep- tember 6, 1861.
Shanklin, J. A., missed at Shiloh.
Stoddard, George W., killed in battle at Champion Ilills, Miss., May 16, 1863.
Swarthout, A. A., died before reaching his · company.
Sipes, C. W., missed September 19, 1864, at Winchester.
Shelton, D., killed in battle at Champion llills, May 16, 1863.
Sheldon, F., died at Philadelphia, November 14, 1864.
Southern, T., killed in battle at Champion Hills, May 16, 1863.
Snap. J. A., killed in battle at Champion llills, May 16, 1863.
Sullivan, David, killed in battle at Iuka, Sep- tember 19, 1862.
Strain, 1I. P., died at Birds' Point, February 7, 1862.
Stevens, B C., musician, died, June 30, 1862. Strong, S., died, June 8, 1865, at ('row Creek, D. T.
Tompkins, S W., died at St. Louis, May 24, 1862.
Townsend, William S., killed in action, April 9,1864.
Tolland, J. J., died at West Plains, Missouri, in 1862.
Van Horn, N., killed in battle at Champion Hills, May 16, 1863.
Vincent, Joseph, killed in battle at Pea Ridge, March 7, 1862.
Vancuren, J. S., died at IIelena, Arkansas, August 23, 1864.
Vancuren, F. A., died at same place, August 12, 1864.
Williams, G., killed in battle at Champion Ilills, May 16, 1863.
Wad9, William, died, April 1, 1864.
Young, J., died, October 20, 1864, at Martins- burg, Va.
535
HISTORY OF TAMA COUNTY.
CHAPTER XVI.
EDUCATIONAL.
The State of Iowa has just cause to be [ ship for the purpose of schools therein. proud of her public school system. Ae- cording to the census of 1880, there was less illiteracy in Iowa than in any State in the Union It is of interest to note the causes that produced such a result. The first settlers of Iowa were strongly in favor of universal education, and were determined to give every child within her limits the privileges at least of a common school education. Governor Robert Lucas, in his message to the first Legislative As- sembly of Iowa Territory, which con- vened at Burlington, November 12, 1838, says, in reference to schools:
" The 12th seetion of the act of Con- gress establishing our Territory, declares, 'that the citizens of lowa shall enjoy all the rights, privileges and immunities here- tofore granted and secured to the Territory of Wisconsin and its inhabitants.' This extends to us all the rights, privileges and immunities specified in the ordinance of Congress of the 13th of July, 1787.
"The 3d article of this ordinance de- clares, ' that religion, morality and knowl- edge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and all the means of education shall be forever encouraged.'
" Congress to carry out this declaration, has granted one section of land in each township to the inhabitants of such town-
"There is no object to which I wish to call your attention more emphatically than the subject of establishing, at the com- mencement of our political existence, a well digested system of common schools. "
This assembly addressed itself early to the task of providing for a system of common schools, and enacted a law pro- viding for the formation of districts, the establishing of schools, and authorized the voters of each district, when lawfully assembled, to levy and collect the neces- sary taxes, " either in cash or good, mer- chantable property, at cash price, upon the inhabitants of their respective districts, not exceeding one-half per centum, nor amounting to more than $10 on any one person, to do all and everything necessary to the establishment and support of schools within the same. "
The second Legislative Assembly enacted January 16, 1840, a much more compre- hensive law to establish a system of com- mon schools-a law containing many ex- cellent features. Its provisions were, however, in advance of the existing pub- lic sentiment on the subject of education, making ample provision as it did for free public schools. Even the people of Iowa were scarcely ready for such a law.
In the U. S. census of 1840, very few schools, either private or public, were re-
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34
536
HISTORY OF TAMA COUNTY.
ported. One academy in Scott county with twenty-five scholars, and in the State sixty-three primary and common schools with 1,500 scholars, being the whole number reported.
The first section of the act of 1839 for the establishment of common schools provided, that " there shall be established a common school, or schools, in each of the counties of this Territory, which shall be open and free for every class of white citizens between the ages of five and twenty-one years ; " the second section, providing that "the county board shall, from time to time, form such districts in their respective counties, whenever a peti- tion may be presented for that purpose by a majority of the voters resident within such contemplated district." These dis- tricts were governed by a board of three trustees, whose duties were to examine and employ teachers, superintend the schools, and collect and disburse the taxes voted by the electors for school purposes.
Among the earlier enactments of the Territorial Legislature were those requir- ing that each distriet maintain at least three months' school every year, and that the expenses for the same be raised by taxes levied upon the property of said dis- trict. Among the later enactments was that providing for a county school tax to be levied to pay teachers, and that what- ever additional sum might be required for this purpose should be assessed upon the parents sending, in proportion to the length of time sent. The rate-bill system was thus adopted near the close of the Territorial period.
When Iowa was admitted into the Union as a State, December 28, 1846, with a pop-
ulation of 100,000, and a reported school population of 20,000, about 400 districts had been organized. From this time the number of districts rapidly increased, reaching 1,000 in )849, and 1,200 in 1850. In 1857 the number of organized school districts had increased to 3,265. The Hon. Maturin L. Fisher, who then so ably filled the office of Superintendent of Pub- lie Instruction, in his report, dated No- vember, 1857, urged the revision of the school law, and of the reduction in the number of school districts.
The Seventh General Assembly again took up the subject of the revision of the school laws, and on the 12th day of March, 1858, passed " An act for the Public Instruction of the State of Iowa, " the first section of which provided that "each civil township in the several counties of this State, is hereby declared a school district for all the purposes of this act, the boundaries of said township being the boundaries of said school district, and every township hereafter laid out and organized, a school district ; and each dis- triet, as at present organized, shall become a sub-district for the purpose hereinafter provided : Provided, that each incorpor- ated city or town, including the territory annexed thereto for school purposes, and which contain not less than one thousand
inhabitants, shall be, and is hereby created a school district." This law took effect March 20, 1858, and reduced the number of districts from about three thousand five hundred, to less than nine hundred.
In December, 1858, a law was enacted providing that any city or incorporated town, including the territory annexed thereto for school purposes, may consti-
537
HISTORY OF TAMA COUNTY.
tute a school district, by vote of the majority of electors residing in the territory of such contemplated district. In 1860, the provisions of this act were extended to unincorporated towns and villages eon- taining not less than three hundred inhabi- tants.
By an act passed April 3, 1866, this privilege was further extended to any city or sub-district containing not less than two hundred inhabitants, and containing territory contiguous thereto. It soon became evident that by this amendment a · serious innovation would be made in the district township system, by the formation of independent districts in the more thiekly settled and wealthier portions of the townships. The amendment was re" pealed early in the session of the follow- ing General Assembly.
The township system met the approval of every State Superintendent. The sub- district system was opposed strenuously by lon. A. S. Kissell, who desired each township a school district to be governed by a board of directors elected at the annual district township meeting for the term of three years. In his report dated January 1, 1872, he says :
" In this system every township becomes a school district, and all sub-distriet boundaries are abandoned; and if this plan were carried into effect in this State, it would allow no other school divisions than those of the independent and town- ship districts. The most experienced educators of the country have advocated this system. Among these are such men as Horace Mann, U. S. Commissioner Barnard, Ex-Governor Boutwell, Dr. New- ton Bateman, of Illinois, Dr. Gregory,
late Superintendent of Michigan, and the County and State Superintendents of one third of the States of the Union. The arguments advanced by many of these experienced sehool men are unanswerable. Massachusetts and Pennsylvania have tested the system practically for several years ; it is pronounced by these States a success ; and this successful experiment of three or four years should have greater weight with us in this young and growing commonwealth than any theoretical argu- ments that could be advanced."
Notwithstanding the efforts and array of argument, and the conviction on the part of those who had made a special study of this subject, the General Assembly which convened January 8, 1872, enacted a law providing for the formation of inde- pendent districts, from the sub-districts of a district township. This law has ever been a plague to County Superintendents, and several efforts have been made to ef- fect its repeal, but without avail.
Every Governor that Jowa has had has given his warmest approval of the common school system. Governor James W. Grimes in his inaugural message, December 9, 1854, displays broad statesmanship, ad- vanced and liberal views and eminently sound philosophy in the following lan- guage:
"Government is established for the pro- tection of the governed. But that pro- tection does not consist merely in the en- forcement of laws against injury to the person and property. Men do not make a voluntary abnegation of their natural rights, simply that those rights may be protected by the body politie. It reaches more vital interests than those of property.
538
HISTORY OF TAMA COUNTY.
Its greatest object is to elevate and enno- ble the citizen. It would fall far short of its design if it did not disseminate intelli- gence, and build up the moral energies of the people. It is organized to establish justice, promote the public welfare and secure the blessings of liberty. It is de- signed to foster the instincts of truth, jus- tice and philanthropy that are implanted in our very natures, and from which all constitutions and laws derive their valid- ity and value. it should afford moral as well as physical protection by educating the rising generation ; by encouraging in- dustry and sobriety ; by steadfastly ad- hering to the right ; and by being ever true to the instincts of freedom and hu- manity.
"To accomplish these high aims of gov- ernmert, the first requisite is ample pro- vision for the education of the youth of the State. The common school fund of the State should be serupulously preserved, and a more efficient system of common schools than we now have should be adopted. The State should see to it that the elements of education, like the ele- ments of universal nature, are above, around and beneath all.
"It is agreed that the safety and perpetu- ity of our republican institutions depend upon the diffusion of intelligence among the masses of the people. The statistics of the penitentiaries and alms-houses throughout the country abundantly show that education is the best preventative of pauperism and crime. They show, also, that the prevention of those evils is much less expensive than the punishment of the one and the relief of the other. Educa- tion, too, is the great equalizer of human
conditions. It places the poor on an equal- ity with the rich. It subjects the appe- tites and passions of the rich to the re- straints of reason and conscience, and thus prepares each for a career of usefulness and honor. Every consideration, there- fore, of duty and policy impels us to sus- tain the common schools of the State in the highest possible efficiency."
EDUCATIONAL GROWTH OF TAMA COUNTY.
In 1860 there were in the county forty- five school-houses, 820 worth of apparatus; 2,202 persons of school age; 2,150 pupils enrolled in the schools; average attend- anee of 1,323, and 104 teachers employed. The average salary per week was $5.70 for males, and $3.54 for females; the value of school-houses was $17,001, and the total amount paid teachers during the year was $6,331.44.
In 1865 there were 70 school-houses; $122.80 worth of apparatus; 3,024 persons of school age; 2,289 scholars enrolled in the schools; an average attendance of 1,272, and 145 teachers employed. The average salary per week for male teachers was $6.10, and for females $4.09. The value of school-houses was 825,697; the total amount paid teachers during the year was $9,243.77.
Ilere are presented a few items from the Superintendent's report of 1871, for the purpose of showing by comparison the growth of the county in educational matters :
Number of sub-districts in the county in 1871. 140
Number of persons between the ages of five
and twenty-one. 5,761
Of which are males 2,941
Of which are females. 2.820
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