USA > Iowa > Taylor County > History of Taylor County, Iowa : containing a history of the county, its cities, towns, etc. : a biographical directory of many of its leading citizens, war record of its volunteers in the late rebellion, general and local statistics, portraits of early settlers and prominent men, history of Iowa and the Northwest, map of Taylor County, Constitution of the United States, reminiscences, miscellaneous matters, etc > Part 29
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
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...
...
6
6
. .
...
1
6
6
35
51
8
..
......
..
..
. .
..
.
.....
. . ...
1
1
1
1
2
Seventh Cavalry ...
3
Artillery, First Battery ....
...
.
. .
Artillery, Third Battery.
1
1
4
.
1
1
Second Veteran Infantry .....
Second and Third Infantry (consolidated) ..
Third Veteran Infantry ..
....
....
..
3
3
Fourth Infantry.
...
...
...
.
.
...
.
.
·
.
.
·
14
30
......
58
1
1
1
...
.
...
.
..
5
5
Tenth Infantry.
8
...
...
·
·
·
·
.
.
·
6
6
Eighth Infantry.
..
16
32
....
6
....
7
7
Seventh Infantry.
...
...
...
Fifth Infantry ...
....
...
3
3
9
.
..
..
3
6
..
·
·
·
..
· · ·
·
...
.
..
.....
...
...
...
..
.....
..
3
Fifth Cavalry ...
1
1
..
·
10
1
1
1
.
9
...
un-
Total.
known.
Total.
Total casualties.
REGIMENT OR BATTERY
1
4
·
.
...
..
7
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.
6 ...
6
22| 1
35|| 20 1
......
......... ..
3
3
2 |
1 ...
8
..
Fourteenth Infantry ..
Fourteenth Residuary Battalion.
6
...
6
2
1
1
3
3
3
22
...
22
27
1
62
5
5
5
Fifteenth Infantry ....
5
..
5
3
3
6
2
. .
...
1
1
1
20 5
20
5
.....
1 36
12
3
3
Eighteenth Infantry, ....
5
...
5
1
1
....
...
1
3
1
...
2 2
3
5
...
Twenty-first Infantry ...
4
2
2
3
2
7
2
4
...
6 4
1 1
......
...
.....
........
.
...
2
2
4
4
...
8 3
4 2
3
5
...
...
5
2
2
4
16
16
21
1
50
4
39
2
1
1
46
38
5
1
1
2
Thirty-second Infantry ..
4
1
5
2
2
8
1
9
26
42
1
1
4
4
Thirty-Third Infantry ...
1
2
3
1
1
3
3
28 2
4
Thirty-fourth [34th and 38th ] consolidated ..
3
3
1
4
5
1
1
2
2 4
12 16
27
23
1
1
Thirty-sixth Infantry.
3
3
1
2
3
21
3
27
....
29
3
1
1
Thirty-ninth Infantry ...
2
2
3
9
12
2
2
18
1
35
1
Fortieth Infantry ....
1
1
Forty-fourth Infantry.
No
casu
alt's ......
Forty-fifth Infantry ...
2
2
1
1
Forty-seventh Infantry
11
3
16
First Colored Regiment of Iowa (60th U. S.) ....
1
1
1
1
...
·
...
.
133
2/135
88 115
2 205
51
80 |132
565
8 566 1225
56
2321 241
4 105 109
.
4
4
2
3
...
2
3
5
8 3
8 17 9
8 17 8
Thirtieth Infantry .. ...
2
2
.....
3
3
2
5
3
4
7
9
9
13
1
Thirty-first Infantry ..
3
...
...
.....
35
1
Thirty-fourth Infantry ....
1
1
1
1
.....
...
..
.
...
...
1
6
7
...
11
..
..
..
...
2
.
..
...
7
...
.
.........
·
·
1
1
...
. .
.
.. ...
.
..
...
.
.... .
.
·
... ...
...
.....
.
.
...
...
...
....
...
...
.
..
..
... ....
.....
......
..
...
....
.....
...
. .
·
·
.
2
2
3
1
...
5 3 3 2
7
1
3
6
...
6
....
33
3
1
1
Nineteenth Infantry.
1
Twentieth Infantry ....
1
Twenty-second Infantry ..
47 54
4
1
1
Twenty-third Infantry ...
49
1
2
2
Twenty-fourth Infantry.
2
2
Twenty-ffth Infantry.
32
2 1
1
Twenty-seventh Infantry ..
.
.
.
.
.
.
·
·
.
.
..
4
4
5
7
3
...
..
...
.
2
2
.
...
27 33
......
...
...
....
58
Twenty-ninth Infantry ...
..
...
...
...
..
..
...
...
4
..
5
......
2
2
Thirty-seventh Infantry.
3
3
5
5
15
..
7
2
.
...
...
1
. .. ....
...... ...
Forty-sixth Infantry.
1
1
Forty-eighth Infantry (battalion) ...
Total ..
...
·
1
......
.....
2
21 19
...
21
13
47|
40
....
69 33
2 5
5
Seventeenth Infantry ...
5
...
7
2
2
...
15 22 9
11 22 9 17
20 26 26 27 23 24 28 17
48 56
1
2
5
·
·
. .
..
. .
4 2 5
1
3
4
...
17
...
...
1 1 6
19 22 7
19
1
1
1
2
Twenty-sixth Infantry ....
7
...
...
Twenty-eighth Infantry ..
1
12
4
2
....
2
...
...
..
22
.....
7
. .
·
.
.
·
·
.....
2
1 2 2
. .
...
2
1
15 14
2
2
...
2
Sixteenth Infantry ....
7
18
....
. ....
.
.....
.
2 25
.
..
....
Thirty-fifth Infantry.
....
Thirty-eighth Infantry ...
·
.... 1
. .
25
1
..
...
2
3
.
..
251
..
252
NUMBER OF CASUALTIES AMONG ENLISTED MEN OF IOWA REGIMENTS DURING TIIE WAR.
TRANSFERRED.
KILLED.
DIED.
DISCHARGED.
WOUNDED.
In Action.
Accidentally.
Total.
Of Wounds.
Of Disease.
| By Suicide.
By Drowning.
For Disability
Cause Un-
known.
Total.
In Action.
Accidentally.
Missing.
Captured.
ToV. R. Corps.
By Appoint-
ment.
Total.
34
8
42
20
187
1
4
312
187
16
203
81
3
84
2
543
21
14
22
36
First Cavalry ..
37
3
40
28
191
3
222
140
29|
169
158
3
161
10
602
73
26
11
37
Second Cavalry.
58
4
62
19|
224|.
2
245
220
85
305
155
2
157
1
770
141
24
31
Third Cavalry ...
37
4
41
11|
186 ..
4
201
151
82
233
108
4
112
3
590
90
25
8
33
Fourth Cavalry
36
6
42
7
127 1
2
137
172
51
223
47
3
50
452
209
14
3
17
Fifth Cavalry.
16
3
19
5
59
2
4
70
70
16
86
15
3
18
193
1
5
6
Sixth Cavalry ...
37
8
45
92
1
101
228
18
246
4
1
8
402
.....
274
237
20
20
......
.
·
·
1
6
10
162 ... ...
3
175
54
8
62
13
2
15
258
1
10
1
11
3
.
....
...
....
.
· ·
·
.
.
1
1
1
29
30
16
16
14
1
15
62
1
5
1
6
Artillery, 2d Battery ..
2
1
3
1
33
34
23
3
26
15
1
16 ...
Artillery, 3d Battery ..
5
1
6
11
11
Artillery, 4th Battery ....
1
. ..
.
...
.
. .
4
3
3
13
....
128
137|
191
328
244
1
245
758
13
. 9
6
15
Second Infantry ..
67
18
5
3
8
...
... ...
99. ..
2
163
67
333
2
335
10
749
85
13
4
17
Third Infantry ..
10
1 152
146
298
319
3
322
5
973
44
30
2
32
Fourth Infantry.
59
1
60
29
90
1
120
222
15
237
278
4
282
699
96
45
2
47
Fifth Infantry.
102
102
30
124
·
154 172
211 180
108
288
328
3
331
....
Seventh Infantry ..
49
1
50
44
137
1 182
245
63
308
210
4
214
8
Eighth Infantry ..
75
'2
78
57
208
266
243
26
269
354
5
359
1
973
23
24
..
...
.
56|1|
57
35|134 .....
1 170 137
115 252|
257|
4
261
739
16
41|
5
43
Tenth Infantry ....
.
. .
....
...
.
. ·
.
·
.
·
.
·
·
.
.
24
27
9
91.
4
104
49
15
64
75
2
77
2
. . ...
...
·
·
7
7
3
51
54
25
9
34
28
1
29
124
....
....
. .
...
79
17
..
.
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.
165
....
12
12
5
7 ..
1
137 ..
137
3
First Infantry ...
55
3
58
17
107 ..
1
11
11
3
11
14
2
1
3
41
..
.
...
4
27
27
14
14
28
8
......
.
52
3
55
28
9
..
.
....
57
1
58
51
237
...
...
...
855
54 73
15
1
22
Sixth Infantry ...
94
94
35
135
2
....
761
382
21
13
$4
Ninth Infantry ...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
5
8
Seventh Cavalry
Eighth Cavalry.
5
3
Artillery, 1st Battery.
...
..
..
7
5
... ..
...
1
4
3
...
69
1
......
...
Second Veteran Infantry ..
8
4 .
.
..
28
23
2
2
17
17
1
2
290
.
7
....
·
885
7
......
47
258
331
4
335
3
.
...
..
...
. . ....
4
...
41
..
Second and Third Consolidated Infantry.
129
230 1
Third Veteran Infantry ..
......
...
+Company A, 11th Pennsylvania Cavalry ... Dodge's Brigade Band.
.....
*Independent Company Sioux City Cavalry.
.
.
Ninth Cavalry ...
...
.....
...
Total.
Total Casualties.
Total.
...
24
REGIMENT OR BATTERY.
Eleventh Infantry . Twelfth Infantry ...
30 ...
30
66
34|
182 .. ..
1
217 145
192 137
53
269 190
290 162
4 294 162
1
526
249
13 1
10 1
23
Fourteenth Infantry ..
27
1
28
23
122
...
7
4
11
270
32
302
392
394
1029
78
13
14
27
57
57
32
217
249
160
49 209
289
1
14
819
242
21
6
27
Sixteenth Infantry ..
614
264
23 5
5
10
26| 2
28
7
109
3
119
222
6
183
5
188
190
1
562
63 204
27
13
40
8
...
8
5
130
7
142
157
6
163
43
3
46
359
10
36
2
38
Twentieth Infantry ....
37 1
38
29
157
2
188
139
14
153
147
150
2
531
20
49
5
54
Twenty-first Infantry ..
53
1
54
52
126
2
180
150
8
158
245
......
....
634
79
40 41
2
42
Twenty-second Infantry .
39
39
30
196
2
228
171
6
177
123
3
- 570
3
1
42
Twenty-third Infantry ...
58
1
59
53
197|
3
253
200
4
204
240
3
2
761
72
48
6
54
Twenty-fourth Infantry ..
39
39
22
199
219
120
18
138
162
2
164
4
564
17
16
8
69
Twenty-fifth Infantry ...
40
2
42
29
204
3
236
140
1
141
140
3
143
562
24
69 . .
69
Twenty-sixth Infantry
7
7
14
162
4
180
134
68
202
132
135
6
530
32
40
5
45
Twenty-seventh Infantry .
52
52
24
180 1
1
206
166
16
182
212
'246
10
696
89
33
10
43
Twenty-eighth Infantry ..
19 2
21
17
248
1
266
117
7
124
97
2
99
1
511
53
31
6
37
Twenty-ninth Infantry.
39
1
40
24
233
257
129
13
142
202
205
646
19
46
1
47
Thirtieth Infantry.
11
11
16
261 ...
...
..
56 ..
56
33
203
1
237
156
10
166
132
1
133
589
93
27
6
33
Thirty-second Infantry ..
25| 1
26
37
166
236
109
34
143
166
2
168
7
580
73
18
10
28
Thirty-third Infantry.
4
4
2
228|
1
231
286
27
313
13
13
561
3
22
22
Thirty-fourth consolidated Battalion Infantry
3
1
4
2
10
12
29
7
36
12
2
14
66
23
2
25
19
182 1 1
203
172
17
189
93
93
3
510
15
51
14
65
Thirty-fifth Infantry ...
619
437
17
6
23
35
35
24
226
1
251
187
4
191
142
142
....
..
...
1
310
1
311
108
9
117
2
431
.....
8|
4
12
Thirty-eighth Infantry ...
33
1
34
21
119
1
141
89
34
123
105
3
108
406
203
12
3
15
Thirty-ninth Infantry ...
5
5
10
179
5
194
117
4
121
41
41
361
2
20
6
26
Fortieth Infantry
17
*Forty-first Infantry (battalion).
15
.
....
1
1
14
14
.. .
.. ..... .
·
.
·
2
2
1
17
1
19
....
1
1
22
1
1
Forty-fifth Infantry ..
2
2
1
23
24
1
21
28
3
Forty-sixth Infantry ..
1
1
45
1
46
Forty-seventh Infantry.
4
.....
...
..
...
..
.
·
....
4 1
5
1
331
5
337
40
40
1
. ...
....
383
1
......
First African Infantry [60th U. S.] ....
* Before transferred to 7th Iowa Cavalry.
¡ Partial returns.
54| 1| 55 1
25| 32|
148| 243 ...
1
276
124 133
30| 151| 2571
220 208
61 226 1 209
4
610|
59| 382
26|
19
3
22
......
768
852
84
15
15
30
Thirteenth Infantry ...
11
. .
·
....
..
52
78
194 ..
2
274
...
...
1
116
129
93
225
222 228
73
Eighteenth Infantry ..
53
...
53
33
91
6
....
.. ..
. . ..
...
....
...
.
.
·
·
C
.
.
.
·
..
.
.
·
·
·
·
·
·
...
·
.
.
·
.
·
.
.
....
540
13
72
72
277
137
38
175
77
77 ....
Thirty-fourth Infantry ...
...
3
3
3
3
..
...
.. ....
..
141
1
142
326
30
356
2
2
503
2
....
.....
....
..
..
.
...
2
2
15
15
.
...
.
·
·
·
·
..
Forty- fourth Infantry ....
......
....
...
...
.
.
...
....
4
...
...
.. ....
Forty-eighth Infantry ...
1
......
30394.4489 1264
281 1545
·
·
·
·
43
43
18
97
3
26
Seventeenth Infantry
. 1
290 225 74 191
8
449
....
.....
.
1940|78.2017[1199 8695| 8.109:10 )11|8005 1982 9987 8180| 112 8282
115;
1
..
..
....
.
47
.. ....
...
.
. .
..
..
..
4
......
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.
253
2
Fourteenth Residuary Battalion
Fifteenth Infantry ...
52
7
....
245 126 243
.....
..
..
..
...
...
..
..
..
6
Thirty-fourth [34th and 38th] Infantry consolidated
Thirty-sixth Infantry ..
2
Thirty-seventh Infantry ...
3
3
1
...
....
..
....
.
...
.
....
2 2
. . ....
....
....
...
..
....
3
...
.
·
·
3
2
....
Thirty-first Infantry ..
3
..
. 1| 174|| 121
11 37
6
65| 1
.
...
....
...
130
Nineteenth Infantry ..
·
·
.
.
..
77
3
4
254
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.
NUMBER OF TROOPS FURNISHED BY THE STATE OF IOWA DURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION, TO JANUARY 1, 1865.
No. Regiment.
No. of men.
No. Regiment.
No. of men.
1st Iowa Infantry.
959
39th Iowa Infantry
933
2d
1,247 40th
66
900
3d
..
1,074
41st Battalion Iowa Infantry.
294
4th
1,184
44th Infantry (100-days men).
867
5th
1,037
45th
-
912
6th
1,013
46th
66
884
8th
..
. ..
1,027
48th Battalion
6:
346
9th
1,090
1st Iowa Cavalry
1,478
10th
1,027
2d
60
1 394
11th
1,022
3d
1,360
12th
981
4th
1,227
13th
989
5th
1,245
14th
840
6th
...
1,125
15th
1,196
7th
562
16th
919
8th
1,234
17th
956
9th
1,178 93
19th
66
985
Co. A, 11th Penn. Cavalry
87
20th
925
1st Battery Artillery
149
22d
1,008
3d
142
23d
66
961
4th
24th
979
1st Iowa African Infantry, 60th U. St .. Dodge's Brigade Band ..
14
26th
919 Band of 2d Iowa Infantry.
10
27th
940
Enlistments as far as reported to Jan. 1,
2,765
29th
66
1,005
1864, for the older Iowa regiments ..... Enlistments of Iowa men in regiments of other States, over
2,500
31st
977
32d
925
Total.
61,653
33d
..
985
Re-enlisted Veterans for different Regi- ments.
7,202
36th
986
37th
914 Grand total as far as reported up to Jan.
38th
910 1, 1865.
75,519
..
18th
.
..
21st
..
980
2d
123
25th
995
28th
956
30th
978
34th
953
35th
984 Additional enlistments.
6,664
This does not include those Iowa men who veteranized in the regiments of other States, nor the names of men who enlisted during 1864, in regiments of other States.
* Afterward consolidated with Seventh Cavalry.
7 Only a portion of this regiment was credited to the State.
. .
..
1,138
47th
66
892
7th
....
...
152
903
875
Sioux City Cavalry*
255
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.
POPULATION OF IOWA, BY COUNTIES.
AGGREGATE.
COUNTIES.
1875.
1870.
1860.
1850.
1840.
Voters.
Adair
7045
3982
984
1616
Adams
7832
4614
1533
1727
Allamakee
19158
17868
12237
777
3653
Appanoose
17405
16456
11931
3131
3679
Audubon.
2370
1212
454
527
Benton .
28807
22454
8496
672
4778
Black Hawk
22913
21706
8244
135
4877
Boone
17251
14584
4232
735
3515
Bremer
13220
12528
4915
2656
Buchanan
17315
17034
7906
517
3890
Buena Vista
3561
1585
57
817
Buncombe*
Butler
11734
9951
3724
2598
Calhoun.
3185
1602
147
681
Carroll.
5760
2451
281
1197
Cass
10552
5464
1612
2422
Cedar.
17879
19731
12949
3941
1253
3934
Cerro Gordo
6685
4722
940
1526
Cherokee
4244
1967
58
1001
Chickasaw
11400
10180
4336
2392
Clarke
10118
8735
5427
79
2213
Clay
3559
1523
52
868
Clayton
· 27184
27771
20728
3873
1101
5272
Clinton
34295
35357
18938
2822
821
5569
Crawford.
6039
2530
383
1244
Dallas
14386
12019
5244
854
3170
Davis ..
15757
15565
13764
7264
3448
Decatur
13249
12018
8677
965
2882
Delaware.
16893
17432
11024
1759
168
3662
Des Moines
35415
27256
19611
12988
5577
6654
Dickinson
1748
1389
180
394
Dubuque.
43845
38969
31164
10841
3059
8759
Emmett
1436
1392
105
299
Fayette.
20515
16973
12073
825
4637
Floyd.
13100
10768
3744
2884
Franklin
6558
4738
1309
1374
Fremont.
13719
11173
5074
1244
2998
Green
7028
4627
1374
1622
Grundy
8134
6399
793
1525
Guthrie
9638
7061
3058
2339
Hamilton
7701
6055
1699
1455
Hancock
1482
999
179
303
Hardin
15029
13684
5440
3215
Harrison
11818
8931
3621
2658
Henry
21594
21463
18701
8707
3772
4641
Howard
7875
6282
3168
1712
Humboldt
3455
2596
332
695
Ida.
794
226
43
172
Iowa.
17456
16644
8029
822
3576
Jackson.
23061
22619
18493
7210
1411
4901
Jasper
24128
22116
9883
1280
5239
Jefferson
17127
17839
15038
9904
2773
3721
Johnson
24654
24898
17573
4472
1491
5225
Jones
19168
19731
13306|
3007
471
4180
-
..
* In 1862, name changed to Lyon.
256
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.
POPULATION OF IOWA-CONCLUDED.
AGGREGATE.
COUNTIES.
1875.
1870.
1860.
1850.
1840.
Voters.
Keokuk
20488
19434
13271
4822
4202
Kossuth.
3765
3351
416
773
Lee
33913
38210
29232
18861
6093
7274
Linn
31815
28852
18947
5444
1373
7509
Louisa
12499
12877
10370
4939
1927
2899
Lucas
11725
10388
5766
471
2464
Lyon*
1139
221
287
Madison
16030
13884
7339
1179
3632
Mahaska
23718
22508
14816
5989
5287
Marion.
24094
24436
16813
5482
4988
Marshall
19629
17576
6015
338
4445
Mills.
10555
8718
4481
2365
Mitchell
11523
9582
3409
2338
Monona.
2267
3654
832
1292
Monroe
12811
12724
8612
2884
2743
Montgomery
10389
5934
1256
2485
Muscatine.
21623
21688
16444
5731
1942
6588
O' Brien
2349
715
8
595
Osceola
1778
498
Page.
14274
9975
4419
551
3222
Palo Alto
2728
1336
132
556
Plymouth
5282
2199
148
1136
Pocahontas
2249
1446
103
464
Polk
31558
27857
11625
4513
6842
Pottawattomie.
21665
16893
4968
7828
4392
Poweshiek
16482
15581
5668
615
3634
Ringgold
7546
5691
2923
1496
Sac.
2873
1411
246
657
Scott.
39763
38599
25959
5986
2140
7109
Shelby
5664
2540
818
1084
Sioux
3120
576
10
637
Story
13111
11651
4051
2574
Tama
18771
16131
5285
8
3911
Taylor
10418
6989
3590
204
2282
Union
8827
6986
2012
1924
Van Buren
16980
17672
17081
12270
6146
3893
Wapello
23865
22346
14518
8471
5346
Warren.
18541
17980
10281
961
4168
Washington
19269
18952
14235
4957
1594
4168
Wayne ..
13978
11287
6409
340
2947
Webster
13114
10484
250
2747
Winnebago.
2986
1562
168
406
Winneshiek
24233
23570
13942
546
4117
Woodbury
8568
6172
1119
1776
Worth.
4908
2892
756
763
Wright.
3244
2392
653
694
Total
1353118
1191792
674913
192214
43112
284557
* Formerly Buncombe.
.
257
THE NORTHWESTERN STATES.
ILLINOIS.
Length, 380 miles, mean width about 156 miles. Area, 55,410 square miles, or 35,462,400 acres. Illinois, as regards its surface, constitutes a table-land at a varying elevation ranging between 350 and 800 feet above the sea level ; composed of extensive and highly fertile prairies and plains. Much of the south division of the State, especially the river-bottoms, are thickly wooded. The prairies, too, have oasis-like clumps of trees scattered here and there at intervals. The chief rivers irrigating the State are the Mississippi-dividing it from Iowa and Missouri-the Ohio (forming its south barrier), the Illinois, Wabash, Kaskaskia, and San- gamon, with their numerous affluents. The total extent of navigable streams is calculated at 4,000 miles. Small lakes are scattered over vari- ous parts of the State. Illinois is extremely prolific in minerals, chiefly coal, iron, copper, and zinc ores, sulphur and limestone. The coal-field alone is estimated to absorb a full third of the entire coal-deposit of North America. Climate tolerably equable and healthy ; the mean temperature standing at about 51º Fahrenheit As an agricultural region, Illinois takes a competitive rank with neighboring States, the cereals, fruits, and root- crops yielding plentiful returns ; in fact, as a grain-growing State, Illinois may be deemed, in proportion to her size, to possess a greater area of lands suitable for its production than any other State in the Union. Stock- . raising is also largely carried on, while her manufacturing interests in regard of woolen fabrics, etc., are ona very extensive and yearly expand- ing scale. The lines of railroad in the State are among the most exten- sive of the Union. Inland water-carriage is facilitated by a canal connecting the Illinois River with Lake Michigan, and thence with the St. Lawrence and Atlantic. Illinois is divided into 102 counties ; the chief towns being Chicago, Springfield (capital), Alton, Quincy, Peoria, Galena, Bloomington, Rock Island, Vandalia, etc. By the new Consti- tution, established in 1870, the State Legislature consists of 51 Senators, elected for four years, and 153 Representatives, for two years ; which numbers were to be decennially increased thereafter to the number of six per every additional half-million of inhabitants. Religious and educational institutions are largely diffused throughout, and are in a very flourishing condition. Illinois has a State Lunatic and a Deaf and Dumb Asylum at Jacksonville ; a State Penitentiary at Joliet ; and a Home for
THE NORTHWESTERN STATES.
Soldiers' Orphans at Normal. On November 30, 1870, the public debt of the State was returned at $4,870,937, with a balance of $1,808,833 unprovided for. At the same period the value of assessed and equalized property presented the following totals: assessed, $840,031,703; equal- ized $480,664,058. The name of Illinois, through nearly the whole of the eighteenth century, embraced most of the known regions north and west of Ohio. French colonists established themselves in 1673, at Cahokia and Kaskaskia, and the territory of which these settlements formed the nucleus was, in 1763, ceded to Great Britain in conjunction with Canada, and ultimately resigned to the United States in 1787. Illinois entered the Union as a State, December 3, 1818; and now sends 19 Representatives to Congress. Population, 2,539,891, in 1870.
259
THE NORTHWESTERN STATES.
INDIANA.
The profile of Indiana forms a nearly exact parallelogram, occupy- ing one of the most fertile portions of the great Mississippi Valley. The greater extent of the surface embraced within its limits consists of gentle undulations rising into hilly tracts toward the Ohio bottom. The chief rivers of the State are the Ohio and Wabash, with their numerous affluents. The soil is highly productive of the cereals and grasses-most particularly so in the valleys of the Ohio, Wabash, Whitewater, and White Rivers. The northeast and central portions are well timbered with virgin forests, and the west section is notably rich in coal, constitut- ing an offshoot of the great Illinois carboniferous field. Iron, copper, marble, slate, gypsum, and various clays are also abundant. From an agricultural point of view, the staple products are maize and wheat, with the other cereals in lesser yields ; and besides these, flax, hemp, sorghum, hops, etc., are extensively raised. Indiana is divided into 92 counties, and counts among her principal cities and towns, those of Indianapolis (the capital), Fort Wayne, Evansville, Terre Haute, Madison, Jefferson- ville, Columbus, Vincennes, South Bend, etc. The public institutions of the State are many and various, and on a scale of magnitude and efficiency commensurate with her important political and industrial status. Upward of two thousand miles of railroads permeate the State in all directions, and greatly conduce to the development of her expanding manufacturing interests. Statistics for the fiscal year terminating October 31, 1870, exhibited a total of receipts, $3,896,541 as against dis- bursements, $3,532,406, leaving a balance, $364,135 in favor of the State Treasury. The entire public debt, January 5, 1871, $3,971,000. This. State was first settled by Canadian voyageurs in 1702, who erected a fort at Vincennes ; in 1763 it passed into the hands of the English, and was by the latter ceded to the United States in 1783. From 1788 till 1791, an Indian warefare prevailed. In 1800, all the region west and north of Ohio (then formed into a distinct territory) became merged in Indiana. In 1809, the present limits of the State were defined, Michigan and Illinois having previously been withdrawn. In 1811, Indiana was the theater of the Indian War of Tecumseh, ending with the decisive battle of Tippecanoe. In 1816 (December 11), Indiana became enrolled among the States of the American Union. In 1834, the State passed through a monetary crisis owing to its having become mixed up with railroad, canal, and other speculations on a gigantic scale, which ended, for the time being, in a general collapse of public credit, and consequent bank- ruptcy." Since that time, however, the greater number of the public **
260
THE NORTHWESTERN STATES.
works which had brought about that imbroglio - especially the great Wabash and Erie Canal - have been completed, to the great benefit of the State, whose subsequent progress has year by year been marked by rapid strides in the paths of wealth, commerce, and general social and political prosperity. The constitution now in force was adopted in 1851. Population, 1,680,637.
IOWA.
In shape, Iowa presents an almost perfect parallelogram; has a length, north to south, of about 300 miles, by a pretty even width of 208 miles, and embraces an area of 55,045 square miles, or 35,228,800 acres. The surface of the State is generally undulating, rising toward the middle into an elevated plateau which forms the "divide" of the Missouri and Mississippi basins. Rolling prairies, especially in the south section, constitute a regnant feature, and the river bottoms, belted with woodlands, present a soil of the richest alluvion. Iowa is well watered ; the principal rivers being the Mississippi and Missouri, which form respectively its east and west limits, and the Cedar, Iowa, and Des Moines, affluents of the first named. Mineralogically, Iowa is important as occupying a section of the great Northwest coal field, to the extent of an area estimated at 25,000 square miles. Lead, copper, zinc, and iron, are also mined in considerable quantities. The soil is well adapted to the production of wheat, maize, and the other cereals ; fruits, vegetables, and esculent roots; maize, wheat, and oats forming the chief staples. Wine, tobacco, hops, and wax, are other noticeable items of the agricul- tural yield. Cattle-raising, too, is a branch of rural industry largely engaged in. The climate is healthy, although liable to extremes of heat and cold. The annual gross product of the various manufactures carried on in this State approximate, in round numbers, a sum of $20,000,000. Iowa has an immense railroad system, besides over 500 miles of water- communication by means of its navigable rivers. The State is politically divided into 99 counties, with the following centers of population : Des Moines (capital), Iowa City (former capital), Dubuque, Davenport, Bur- lington, Council Bluffs, Keokuk, Muscatine, and Cedar Rapids. The State institutions of Iowa-religious, scholastic, and philanthropic - are on a par, as regards number and perfection of organization and operation, with those of her Northwest sister States, and education is especially well cared for, and largely diffused. Iowa formed a portion of the American territorial acquisitions from France, by the so-called Louisiana « purchase in 1803, and was politically identified with Louisiana till 1812,
Daniel
Leonard
263
THE NORTHWESTERN STATES.
when it merged into the Missouri Territory; in 1834 it came under the Michigan organization, and, in 1836, under that of Wisconsin. Finally, after being constituted an independent Territory, it became a State of the Union, December 28, 1846. Population in 1860, 674,913; in 1870, 1,191,792, and in 1875, 1,353,118.
. MICHIGAN.
United area, 56,243 square miles, or 35,995,520 acres. Extent of the Upper and smaller Peninsula -length, 316 miles ; breadth, fluctuating between 36 and 120 miles. The south division is 416 miles long, by from 50 to 300 miles wide. Aggregate lake-shore line, 1,400 miles. The Upper, or North, Peninsula consists chiefly of an elevated plateau, expanding into the Porcupine mountain-system, attaining a maximum height of some 2,000 feet. Its shores along Lake Superior are eminently bold and picturesque, and its area is rich in minerals, its product of copper constituting an important source of industry. Both divisions are heavily wooded, and the South one, in addition, boasts of a deep, rich, loamy soil, throwing up excellent crops of cereals and other agricultural produce. The climate is generally mild and humid, though the Winter colds are severe. The chief staples of farm husbandry include the cereals, grasses, maple sugar, sorghum, tobacco, fruits, and dairy-stuffs. In 1870, the acres of land in farms were: improved, 5,096,939; unimproved woodland, 4,080,146 ; other unimproved land, 842,057. The cash value of land was $398,240,578; of farming implements and machinery, $13,711,979. In 1869, there were shipped from the Lake Superior ports, 874,582 tons of iron ore, and 45,762 of smelted pig, along with 14,188 tons of copper (ore and ingot). Coal is another article largely mined. Inland communication is provided for by an admirably organized railroad system, and by the St. Mary's Ship Canal, connecting Lakes Huron and Superior. Michigan is politically divided into 78 counties ; its chief urban centers are Detroit, Lansing (capital), Ann Arbor, Marquette, Bay City, Niles, Ypsilanti, Grand Haven, etc. The Governor of the State is elected biennially. On November 30, 1870, the aggregate bonded debt of Michigan amounted to $2,385,028, and the assessed valuation of land to $266,929,278, representing an estimated cash value of $800,000,000. Education is largely diffused and most excellently conducted and pro- vided for. The State University at Ann Arbor, the colleges of Detroit and Kalamazoo, the Albion Female College, the State Normal School at Ypsilanti, and the State Agricultural College at Lansing, are chief among the academic institutions. Michigan (a term of Chippeway origin, and
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