USA > Iowa > The Iowa official register, 1904 > Part 4
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Local board of review. Assessments are submitted by the local assessor on the first Monday in April to the township trustees or the city or town council, which bodies act as the local board of review, with power to change individual assessments. Any objections to the assessments made must be made to the local board of review and appeals taken therefrom to the district court by written notice served as an original notice upon the chairman or presiding officer within twenty days.
County board of review. On the first Monday of June the county board of supervisors, acting as county board of review, equalizes the assess- ments as acted upon by the local boards of review, using the assessment district as a unit. Neither the county or the State boards of review have jurisdiction over individual assessments.
State board of review. On the' first Monday of July, the State Execu- tive Council, acting as State Board of Review, equalizes the assessment asacted upon by the county boards, with power to raise or lower, using the county as a unit.
Taxable value-tax books. The assessment, as finally fixed by the
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State Board of Review is reported back to the county and by the county auditor placed upon the tax books of the county, using one fourth of the assessed value as the taxable value and upon this taxable value he spreads the rates levied for all purposes. The tax books must be completed and delivered to the county treasurer by December 31st.
Levies-State. The general assembly, at each regular session fixes the amount to be expended by the State during the biennial period next ensuing and the State Executive Council, before the first Monday of August fixes the rate necessary to meet the State appropriation and certifies the same to each county. The State maintains the militia, all the State educational institutions, the penitentiaries, reform schools and asylums, excepting that each county reimburses it for the cost of caring for the insane and inebriate residents from that county.
County. The board of supervisors at its September session fixes the county levies. The county bears the expenses of the enforcement of the crim- inal laws of the State, the expenses of election, of building and maintaining roads and bridges, the care of the resident poor, inebriate and insane, of assess- ing property, spreading and collecting all taxes.
Cities and towns. The council of cities and towns before the first Mon- day in September fixes the levies for city and town purposes. The cities and towns bear the expenses of local self government for policing, for maintaining streets, and cities of the first class, for constructing and maintaining bridges. Cities have power to construct sewers, paving, curbing and sidewalks and assess the cost to the abutting property in amount not to exceed the taxable value of the property as shown by the last assessment, which cost is collected by the county treasurer as other taxes.
Parks. The board of park commissioners fixes the levy for park purposes before the first Monday in September.
School. The board of directors of school corporations shall, between the third Monday in March and the third Monday in May estimate the amount of money required for school purposes. School boards may furnish school books and supplies.
Township. Township trustees at their annual meeting, the first Monday of April, shall make levies for maintaining the roads in the township.
Levies limited-maximum indebtedness-levies certified to county auditor. All levies have each its separate maximum limit and no county or other political or municipal corporation can become indebted to an amount in the aggregate exceeding five per centum of the value of the taxable property within such corporation. All levies are certified to the county auditor and by him spread against the taxable value.
Taxes when due-penalty for non-payment. All taxes are due at the office of the county treasurer the first Monday in January, are delinquent March 1st, and if not paid before April 1st a penalty of 1 per cent per month is charged until paid. If one half of the taxes is paid prior to April 1st, the other one half may run, without penalty, until October 1st.
Taxes a lien on real estate. Taxes upon real estate are a lien thereon. Taxes due from any person upon personal property are a lien upon any and all real estate owned or afterwards acquired by such person. On the first Monday in December real estate is offered for sale by county treasurers for all taxes due and unpaid which are a lien thereon. As against the purchaser, taxes are a lien against real estate on and after December 31st.
Redemption from tax sale. Redemption from tax sale is made by pay- ment to the county auditor of the amount the real estate sold for, together
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with amounts paid by purchaser during subsequent years, with 8 per cent penalty and 8 per cent interest on principal and penalty. Right of redemption expires at the end of three years after date of purchase.
STATE INSTITUTIONS.
The State institutions of Iowa consist of three educational institutions, the University of Iowa, at Iowa City, the State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts at Ames, and the State Normal School at Cedar Falls; two industrial schools, one for boys at Eldora and one for girls at Mitchellville; one institute for the feeble-minded, at Glenwood; one college for the blind, at Vinton; one school for the deaf, at Council Bluffs ; one home for Iowa soldiers, at Marshall- town; one home for Soldiers' Orphans', at Davenport; four hospitals for the insane, one each at Independence, Clarinda, Mount Pleasant and Cherokee; and two penitentiaries, one at Anamosa and one at Fort Madison. The Uni- versity of Iowa is under the management and control of a board of regents, consisting of the Governor and the Superintendent of Public Instruction, e.x officio, and eleven regents, one from each congressional district, elected by the legislature, for terms of six years.( The State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts is under the control of a board of trustees, consisting of the Governor and Superintendent of Public Instruction, ex officio, and eleven trustees, one from each congressional district, elected by the general assembly for terms of six years. The State Normal School is under the control of a board of trustees consisting of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, ex officio, and six trustees elected by the general assembly for terms of six years. All the other State institutions are under the management and supervision of the State Board of Control, consisting of three members, appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the senate, for terms of six years.
REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS.
Iowa has two senators and eleven congressmen in the United States Congress. The senators are elected for terms of six years by the general assembly. The State is divided into eleven congressional districts, and the voters of each dis- trict elect one congressman at the general election in the even-numbered years, for the term of two years.
MILITIA.
The census of 1900 show 475, 760 males of militia age resident within the State. The active militia is called the Iowa National Guard and is composed of 225 officers and 3, 308 enlisted men. It is organized into four regiments of in- fantry, one signal company, a medical department and an engineer depart- ment. The organization of the regiment is similar to that of the regular army being composed of three battalions and twelve companies. The strength of each regiment is fixed at 12 field officers, 36 line officers, 13 non-commissioned staff officers and 798 enlisted men. The present strength of the guard is 2, 474 officers and men. Once each year the guard is ordered into camp for a period of 3 to 10 days. The State makes an annual appropriation of $57, 350 for main- tenance and support. The Governor is Commander in Chief of the Militia.
POPULATION.
The population of Iowa in 1838, at the time the territory of Iowa was cre- ated, was 22,859. In 1846, at the time Iowa was admitted into the Union as a
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state the population had increased to 102,388, and the population of the State at the last Federal census, was 2, 231, 853. The population at various censuses was as follows:
Year.
Population.
Year.
Population.
Year.
Population.
1838.
22,859
185$
324, 400
1870.
1,194,020
1840.
43, 112
1856.
517,875
1873.
1,251, 340
1844.
75,152
1859
641, 602
1875.
1,350,491
1846.
102,388
1860.
674,913
1880.
1,624,615
1847.
116, 454
1863.
700, 512
1885.
1,753,980
1849.
154, 973
1865
756, 422
1890.
1,911,896
1850.
192, 214
1867
901, 317
1895.
2,058,069
1851.
205, 135
1868.
1,045,025
1900.
2, 231, 853
1852
229,929
Of the total population in 1900, 1, 156, 849 were males, and 1, 075, 004 were females. The native born population of Iowa was 985, 849 males and 940, 093 females; the foreign born population consisted of 171,009 males and 134, 911 females. The native white of native parents consisted of 647, 757 males and 613,311 females; the native white population of foreign parents consisted of 331, 027 males and 320, 799 females; the foreign white population consisted of 170, 883 males and 134, 899 females ; there were 7, 182 colored males, of which 6, 875 were negroes, and 6, 004 females, of which 5, 818 were negroes.
The number of children of school age was 767,870, of which 387, 930 were male and 379, 940 were females.
There were 635, 298 males of voting age in 1900, of which 472, 759 were native whites, :157, 906 were foreign whites and 4,633 colored, of which 4, 441 were negroes ; 465, 024 of the males of voting age were literate and 7, 735 were illiterate.
AGRICULTURE.
Iowa is distinctively an agricultural State. The census of 1900 giving the rural population as 1,258, 675, which is in excess of 56 per cent of the total popu- lation of the State. Of the land area more than 97 per cent is devoted to farming, there being 228, 622 farms of an average area of 151.2 acres and an average value of $53.06 per acre. Eighty-six per cent of the land devoted to farming is improved and 61.5 of the farms are operated by owners. In the total value of farm products Iowa leads the nation and in the aggregate value of agricultural products there has for a number of years been a neck to neck race with Illinois decided only by the State having the more favorable crop season. In live stock Iowa leads in number and value of swine, number of horses, number of poultry and the production of eggs. In cattle she is exceeded only by Texas, but while Texas possesses nearly twice as many cattle, the aggregate value of the same is only 14 per cent greater than those in Iowa, while the average value per head of the Texas cattle is $17.31 those in Iowa are worth $26. 55, or 53.4 per cent greater. In horticultural products Iowa ranks next to Missouri as a fruit producing state in all the states in the Mississippi valley. In dairying Iowa leads the Union in the number of creameries and the amount of the product. Twenty per cent of all the creamery butter and 10 per cent of all other butter is made within the State,
MANUFACTURE.
Iowa affords an extensive field for the exploitation of manufactures. Although agriculture is the leading pursuit of the State, manufacturing and
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mechanical industries have had a steady and significant growth during the last half century. Standing as she does, the peer of every State of the Union in agricultural products and domestic animals, she offers in these lines alone untold possibilities in manufacturing. Other raw materials, such as gypsum, lead, clay, iron and timber products, are within her borders. Coal and water power she has in abundance. Traversed with little less than ten thousand miles of railroad and inhabited with an industrious, educated and contented people she affords an opportunity for a secure investment in manufacturing enterprise.
The census of 1900 shows that there is over $100, 000, 000 of capital invested in manufacturing industries, and that the products thereof amount to nearly $175, 000, 000 annually. Slaughtering and meat packing lead the industries with an annual product of $25, 000, 000; then, in order of importance, come butter cheese and condensed milk, with a $15, 000, 000 product; flour and grist mills, with a $14, 000, 000 product; lumber and timber, with a $14, 000, 000 product; car construction and repair, with $6, 000, 000 products; printing and publishing, with $6, 000,000 products; wagons and carriages, with $4,000, 000 in products, and clay products, with a value of $2, 250, 000. Of the total population two and six tenths per cent are engaged in manufacturing, earning an average yearly wage of $408.74,
MINERALS.
About ten thousand square miles are found to possess coal measures, mostly in the southern part of the State. All of the coal is bituminous, and the production in 1901 was over five million tons, with an aggregate value of $8,051,806. Lead is mined around Dubuque, and good deposits of gypsum are found near Fort Dodge. The value of the products of these two minerals is in excess of $550, 000 yearly. Limestone is found in many parts of the State, some deposits of which produce an excellent quality of lime, The value of stone out- put in 1901 was $796, 852. In the manufacture of clay products the industries can be truly said to be yet in their infancy. Clay for the production of brick, tile and household utensils is found in many parts of the State, while shale for the manufacture of vitrified paving and building brick is found in large and seemingly inexhaustible deposits. The production of brick is over three hundred million a year, with an aggregate value of $2, 000, 000.
RAILROADS.
Iowa ranks fourth among the states and territories in number of miles of railroad tracks, the total being in 1902, 9, 724 miles. There is not a point within the State that is more than thirteen miles distant from a railroad. Indeed the map of the State shows a veritable network of tracks. The State is in the direct line of transcontinental commerce. Six great railroad systems have lines crossing the State from east to west, the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, the Chicago & North-Western, the Chicago Great Western and the Illinois Central, and all of these have many ramifying branches reaching out in all directions, some of which extend far beyond the borders of the State into other states and are almost as important as main lines. While entering the State at different points on the eastern border, all of the principal roads converge at Council Bluffs, where connections are made for the Pacific coast ; three of the systems have lines entering Sioux City, four of them have divisions running through a portion of fowa to Kansas City, and four of them have divisions running
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through the northeast part of the State to the Twin c'ties of Minnesota. The north and south roads in the State are the Iowa Central, the Minneapolis & St. Lonis, the Des Moines, Iowa Falls & Northern, the Chicago, St. Paul, Min- neapolis & Omaha, the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern (now operated by the Rock Island), and others. The miles of track in Iowa of the larger sys- tems werein 1902: Rock Island, 2, 168; Burlington, 1,358; North-Western, 1, 574 ; Milwaukee, 1, 863; Illinois Central, 712; Great Western, 588; Iowa Central, 449. The total taxable valuation of all railroad property in Iowa in 1903 was $56, 541, - 513. The gross earnings for Iowa were in 1902, $56, 466, 305; the operating ex- penses, $39, 333, 202 ; the net earnings, $17, 133, 102.
NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS.
According to the 1900 census, there were in Iowa 1,104 newspapers and periodicals on the first of June, 1900. Reports from 1, 045 of these were secured by the census enumerators. Classified according to editions, the 1,045 were divided as follows: 65 daily, 7 tri-weekly, 58 semi-weekly, 831 weekly, 64 monthly, 8 quarterly and 12 of all other classes. Of the 65 daily newspapers, 16 issued morning editions and 49 issued evening editions. Classified according to character of publication the 1, 045 were made up as follows: News, politics and family reading, 942; religion, 39; horticulture, agriculture, dairying and stock, 14; commerce, finance, insurance and railroads, 2; Sunday newspapers, 1; law, 1; science and mechanics, 1; fraternal organizations, 13; education and history, 5; society, art, music and fashion, 3; college and school, 9; miscellan- eous, 9. The total number of copies of all publications issued during the cen- sus year was 158, 895, 153. The number of pounds of paper used was 20, 716, 211. The average number of wage earners employed was 3,393, and the total wages paid reached the sum of $1, 311, 179. The total value of newspaper products was $3, 777, 690, of which $1, 939, 852 was for advertising and $1, 837, 838 was for sales and subscriptions,
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NOTE.
Several weeks are occupied in printing the Iowa Official Register, which goes to press in "forms". Changes are constantly occurring in the meantime and advantage is taken of the going to press of the last form to insert informa- tion of the latest possible date, which appears below. The readers of the Official Register are requested to note these changes :
Judge H. T. Reed, of Cresco, Howard county, was appointed Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Iowa by the President, March 5, 1904.
Governor Albert B. Cummins announced the following appointments March 5, 1904:
Timothy E. McCurdy, of Hazleton, Buchanan county, re-appointed Custo- dian of Public Buildings and Property for the term of two years, commencing April 1, 1904. Appointment confirmed by the Senate March 5, 1904.
John Cownie, of South Amana, Iowa county, re-appointed member of the Board of Control for the term of six years, commencing April 5, 1904.
Governor Albert B. Cummins announced the following appointment March 8, 1904:
George Blanch, of Belle Plaine, Benton county, appointed member of the Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners for the term ending July, 1906.
Governor Albert B. Cummins announced the following appointments March 12, 1904 :
B. F. Keltz, of Webster City, Hamilton county, appointed Pharmacy Com- missioner for the term of three years, commencing April 23, 1904.
Edward D. Brigham, of Des Moines, Polk county, re-appointed Commissioner of the Bureau of Labor Statistics for the term of two years, commencing April 1, 1904.
Herbert R. Wright, of Des Moines, Polk county, re-appointed Dairy Com- missioner for the term of two years, commencing May 1, 1904.
George A. Lincoln, of Cedar Rapids, Linn county, re-appointed Fish and Game Warden for the term of three years, commencing April 1, 1904.
PART I.
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. CITIZENSHIP AND NATURALIZATION OF ALIENS. ORGANIC LAW OF IOWA. ADMISSION OF IOWA INTO THE UNION. CONSTITUTION OF IOWA. REGISTER OF TERRITORIAL AND STATE OFFICERS, U. S. SENATORS, CONGRESSMEN, AND CABINET OFFICERS FROM IOWA.
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776.
THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
[Adopted by the Continental Congress July 2, and authenticated and pro- claimed July 4, 1776. ]
WHEN in the course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness ; that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and, accordingly, all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such govern. ment, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies, and such is now the necessity which con- strains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present king of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world:
He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained, and, when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people. unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the legislature-a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only.
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He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the repository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissoved representative houses repeatedly for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people.
He has refused, for a long time after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected ; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the state remaining, in the meantime, exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states, for that pur- pose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners ; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new appro- priations of lands.
He has obstructed the adminstration of justice by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers.
He has made judges dependent on his will alone for the tenure of their offices and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people and eat out their substance.
He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the con- sent of our legislatures.
He has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the civil power.
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution and unacknowledged by our laws, giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation-
For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us.
For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these states;
For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world.
For imposing taxes on us without our consent ;
For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury ;
For transporting us beyond seas, to be tried for pretended offenses ;
For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring province; establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies ;
For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and alter- ing fundamentally the forms of our governments;
For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated government here by declaring us out of his protection and waging war against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and des- troyed the lives of our people.
·He is, at this time, transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to com- plete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun, with circum- stances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation.
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