USA > Iowa > Delaware County > The history of Delaware county, Iowa, containing a history of its county, its cities, towns &c., a biographical directory of its citizens, war record of its volunteers > Part 30
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How to find the number of shingles required in a roof.
RULE .- Multiply the number of square feet in the roof by 8, if the shingles are exposed 43 inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches.
To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by twice the length of the rafters.
267
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
To find the length of the rafters, at ONE-FOURTH pitch, multiply the width of the building by .56 (hundredths) ; at ONE-THIRD pitch, by .6 (tenths) ; at TWO-FIFTHS pitch, by .64 (hundredths) ; at ONE-HALF pitch, by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from the apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be taken into consideration.
NOTE .- By 14 or }{ pitch is meant that the apex or comb of the roof is to be 1 or x the width of the building higher than the walls or base of the rafters.
How to reckon the cost of hay.
RULE .- Multiply the number of pounds by half the price per ton, and remove the decimal point three places to the left.
How to measure grain.
RULE .- Level the grain ; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic feet ; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to the left.
NOTE .- Exactness requires the addition to every three hundred bushels of one extra bushel.
The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by multiplying the number of bushels by 8.
If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2, to find the number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of ear corn to make 1 of shelled corn.
Rapid rules for measuring land without instruments.
In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any given plot in square yards ; then, given the number of yards, find out the number of rods and acres.
The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, an ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on the average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes.
To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to walk in a straight line ; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line straight ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote ; and, in walk- ing, keep these objects constantly in line.
Farmers and others by adopting the following simple and ingenious con- trivance, may always carry with them the scale to construct a correct yard measure.
Take a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger of the left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the left arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink.
To find how many rods in length will make an acre, the width being given. RULE .- Divide 160 by the width, and the quotient will be the answer.
268
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
How to find the number of acres in any plot of land, the number of rods being given.
RULE .- Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5, and remove the decimal point two places to the left.
The diameter being given, to find the circumference.
RULE .- Multiply the diameter by 3 1-7.
How to find the diameter, when the circumference is given.
RULE .- Divide the circumference by 3 1-7.
To find how many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick- ness throughout will contain when squared.
RULE .- Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply by the length in feet, and divide the product by 144.
General rule for measuring timber, to find the solid contents in feet.
RULE .- Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and then multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144.
To find the number of feet of timber in trees with the bark on.
RULE .- Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in inches, by twice the length, in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1-10 to 1-15 according to the thickness of the bark.
Howard's new rule for computing interest.
RULE .- The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest on any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal point two places to the left; for ten times that time, remove the point one place to the left; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three places to the left.
Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given.
NOTE .- The reciprocal of the rate is found by inverting the rate ; thus 3 per cent. per month, in- verted, becomes % of a month, or 10 days.
When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus : 3-1, three ones.
Rule for converting English into American currency.
Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90.
U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE.
A township-36 sections each a mile square.
A section-640 acres.
A quarter section, half a mile square-160 acres.
An eighth section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter of a mile wide-80 acres.
A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square-40 acres.
269
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
The sections are all numbered 1 to 36, commencing at the north-east corner.
The sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the cardinal points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The de- scription of a forty acre lot would read: The south half of the west half of the south-west quarter of section 1 in township 24, north of range 7 west, or as the case might be; and sometimes will fall short and sometimes overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain.
The nautical mile is 795 4-5 feet longer than the common mile.
SURVEYORS' MEASURE.
7 92-100 inches .make 1 link. 25 links 1 rod.
4 rods. 1 chain.
80 chains.
1 mile.
NOTE .- A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or 66 feet.
Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barley- corn ; three of which made an inch.
Horses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of measure is four inches-called a hand.
In Biblical and other old measurements, the term span is sometimes used, which is a length of nine inches.
The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length.
The common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length.
A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches.
A fathom is equal to 6 feet.
A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly speaking a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal to 3.45 statute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said to be a league.
In cloth measure an aune is equal to 14 yards, or 45 inches.
An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches.
A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches.
A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches.
HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS.
Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business, should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic man- ner. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunity of ac- quiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here present a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, and well adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics and laborers.
270
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
1875.
A. H. JACKSON.
Dr.
Cr.
Jan.
10 To ? bushels Wheat
at $1.25
88 75
$2 50
٠،
11 By shoeing span of Horses
at $ .45
6 30
Feb. 4 To 14 bushels Oats.
at
.25
1 25
18 00
March 8 By new Harrow
S By sharpening 2 Plows
40
2|25
27 To Cow and Calf
48 00
April 9 To half ton of Hay.
66
9 By Cash
4 75
May
6 By repairing Corn-Planter
17 50
July
4 By Cash, to balance account
$88 05
$88 05
1875.
CASSA MASON.
Dr.
Cr.
March 21 By 3 days' labor
at $1.25
$3 75
21 To 2 Shoats
at
3.00
$6 00
23 To 18 bushels Corn
at .45
S|10
May 1|By 1 month's Labor
10 00
June
19 By S days' Mowing
at $1.50
12 00
6
26 To 50 Ibs. Flour
2 75
July 10 To 27 lbs. Meat
at $ .10
2 70
29 By 9 days' Harvesting
at 2.00
18 00
Aug.
12 By 6 days' Labor
at 1.50
9 00
Sept.
1 To Cash to balance account
18|20
$67 75
$67 75
INTEREST TABLE.
A SIMPLE RULE FOR ACCURATELY COMPUTING INTEREST AT ANY GIVEN PER CENT. FOR ANY LENGTH OF TIME.
Multiply the principal (amount of money at Interest) by the time reduced to days; then divide this product by the quotient obtained by dividing 360 (the number of days in the interest year) by the per cent. of interest, and the quotient thus obtained will be the required interest.
ILLUSTRATION. Solution.
Require the Interest of $462.50 for one month and eighteen days at 6 per cent. All Interest month Is 30 days; one month and eighteen days equal 48 days. $462.50 multi- plied by .48 gives $222.0000: 360 divided by 6 (the per cent. of interest ) gives 60, and $222.0000 divided by 60 will give you the exact interest, which is $3.70. If the rate of interest In the above example were 12 per cent., we would divide the $222.0000 by 30 6)360 (because 360 divided by 12 gives 30); if 4 per cent., we would divide by 90; if 8 per - cent., by 45: and in like manner for any other per cent.
$462.50
.48
370000
185000
60/$222.0000($3.70
180
420
420
00
MISCELLANEOUS TABLE.
12 units, or things, 1 Dozen.
196 pounds, 1 Barrel of Flour. 24 sheets of paper, 1 Quire.
12 dozen, 1 Gross.
200 pounds, 1 Barrel of Pork.
20 quires paper 1 Ream.
20 things, 1 Score. 56 pounds, 1 Firkin of Butter. | 4 ft. wide, 4 ft. high, and 8 ft. long, 1 Cord Wood.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
I
I
1
1
1
1
24 To one Sow with Pigs
35 15
1 To Cash
1
1
1
I
1
.
1
1
.
1
1
1
20 00
12 To Cash.
1
1
1
25 00
13 By new Double-Tree
6 25
25 00
1
4 To 5 lbs. Butter
-
271
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION, AND THEIR SIGNIFICATIONS.
Virginia .- The oldest of the States, was so called in honor of Queen Elizabeth, the " Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made his first attempt to colonize that region.
Florida .- Ponce de Leon landed on the coast of Florida on Easter Sunday, and called the country in commemoration of the day, which was the Pasqua Florida of the Spaniards, or " Feast of Flowers."
Louisiana was called after Louis the Fourteenth, who at one time owned that section of the country.
Alabama was so named by the Indians, and signifies " Here we Rest." Mississippi is likewise an Indian name, meaning " Long River."
Arkansas, from Kansas, the Indian word for " smoky water." Its prefix was really arc, the French word for " bow."
The Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called "Carolana," after Charles the Ninth of France.
Georgia owes its name to George the Second of England, who first established a colony there in 1732.
Tennessee is the Indian name for the "River of the Bend," i. e., the Mississippi which forms its western boundary.
Kentucky is the Indian name for " at the head of the river."
Ohio means " beautiful ; " Iowa, " drowsy ones ; " Minnesota, " cloudy water," and Wisconsin, " wild-rushing channel."
Illinois is derived from the Indian word illini, men, and the French suffix ois, together signifying " tribe of men."
Michigan was called by the name given the lake, fish-weir, which was so styled from its fancied resemblance to a fish trap.
Missouri is from the Indian word " muddy," which more properly applies to the river that flows through it.
Oregon owes its Indian name also to its principal river.
Cortes named California.
Massachusetts is the Indian for " The country around the great hills."
Connecticut, from the Indian Quon-ch-ta-Cut, signifying "Long River."
Maryland, after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles the First, of England.
New York was named by the Duke of York.
Pennsylvania means " Penn's woods," and was so called after William Penn, its orignal owner.
272
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
Delaware after Lord De La Ware.
New Jersey, so called in honor of Sir George Carteret, who was Governor of the Island of Jersey, in the British Channel.
Maine was called after the province of Maine in France, in compli- ment of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province.
Vermont, from the French word Vert Mont, signifying Green Mountain.
New Hampshire, from Hampshire county in England. It was formerly called Laconia.
The little State of Rhode Island owes its name to the Island of Rhodes in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly resemble.
Texas is the American word for the Mexican name by which all that section of the country was called before it was ceded to the United States.
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.
POPULATION OF FIFTY PRINCIPAL CITIES.
CITIES.
Aggregate Population.
Alabama ...
996.992
Arkansas.
484,471
California
560,247
Connectleut
537,454
New York, N. Y.
942,292
Philadelphia, Pa.
674,022
Brooklyn, N. Y.
396,099
St. Louis, Mo.
310,864
Illinois.
2,539,891
Chicago, Ill.
298.977
Indiana.
1,680,637
Baltimore, Md.
267,354
lowa ...
Boston, Mass ..
250.526
Kansas.
364,399
Cincinnati, Ohio.
216,239
Louisiana
726,915
San Francisco, Cal.
149.473
Maine
626,915
Buffalo, N. Y.
117.714
Maryland.
780,894
Washington, D. C.
109,199
Massachusetts.
1,457,351
Newark, N. J.
105,059
Michigan ..
1,184,059
100,753
Minnesota.
439.706
Cleveland, Ohio
92,829
Mississippi.
Pittsburg, Pa ...
86,076
Missouri
1,721,295
Jersey City, N. J
82,546
Nebraska
122,993
Detroit, Mich.
79,577
Nevada
42,491
Milwaukee, Wis.
71,440
New Hampshire.
318,300
Albany, N. Y ..
69,422
New York
4,382.759
Rochester, N. Y.
62,386
Ohio ..
2,665,260
51.038
Oregon.
90,923
50,840
Pennsylvania.
3,521,791
Charleston, S. C.
South Carolina
705,606
Tennessee.
1,258,520
Texas
818,579
Worcester, Mass
41,105 40,928 40.226
West Virginia
442,014
Wisconsin.
1,054,670
Total States.
38.113,253
Arizona ..
9,658
Colorada
39,864
Dakota
14,181
District of Columbia.
131.700
Idaho Montana.
14,999
Columbus, Ohio ..
31,274
New Mexico
91.874
Utab
86.786
Washington
23.955
Wyoming ..
9,118
Total Territories
442.730
Lynn. Mass.
28,233
Total United States
38.555,983
Fall River, Mass
26,766
Charlestown, Mass
28.323
Savannah, Ga.
28,235
Virginia ..
1,225,163
Memphis. Tenn.
Cambridge, Mass
39,634
Hartford, Conn
37,180 35.092 33.930
Reading, Pa ..
Paterson, N. J
33.579
Kansas City, Mo.
32,260
Mobile, Ala.
32,034
Toledo, Ohio.
31,584
Portland, Me.
31,413
20,595
Wilmington, Del.
30,841
Dayton, Ohio .. Lawrence, Mass.
28.921
Utica, N. Y ..
28,804
Rhode Island
217,353
Indianapolis, Ind.
Troy, N. Y.
Syracuse, N. Y.
Vermont.
330,551
Lowell, Mass.
68,904
North Carolina
1,071,361
Allegheny, Pa ..
53,180
Richmond, Va.
New Haven, Conn.
48,956 48,244 46.465 43,051
New Jersey.
906,096
Providence, R. 1
191,418
Kentucky.
1,321,011
New Orleans, La.
Delaware.
125,015
Florida ..
187,748
Georgia ..
1.184,109
1,191,792
Louisville, Ky.
827,922
. .
Scranton, Pa.
30,473
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
Total Population.
273
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
Area in square Miles.
POPULATION.
Miles R. R.
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
Area in square Miles.
1870.
1875.
1872.
States.
States.
Alabama
50,722
996,992
1,671
Pennsylvania
46,000
3,521,791
5,113
Arkansas ..
52,198
484,471
25
Rhode Island ...
1,306
217,353
258,239
136
California ..
188 981
560,247
1,013
South Carolina.
29,385
705,606
925,145
1.201
Connecticut.
4.674
537,454
820
Tennessee
45,600
1,258,520
1,520
Delaware.
2,120
125,015
227
Texas.
237,504
818,579
865
Florida.
59,268
187,748
466
Vermont
10,212
330,551
675
Georgia.
58,000
1,184,109
2,108
Virginia.
40,904
1,225,163
1,490
West Virginia
23,000
442,014
485
Indiana.
33,809
1,680,637
3.529
Wisconsin
53,924
1,054.670
1,236,729
1,725
Iowa ...
55,045 1,191.792
1,350,544 3.160
Kansas.
81,318
364,399
1,760
Total States.
1,950,171 38,113,253
59,587
Kentucky
37,600
1,321,011
1,123
Louisiana
41,346
726,915
539
Maine ..
31,776
626,915
871
Arizona
113,916
9,658
Maryland
11,184
780,894
820
Colorado ..
104,500
39,864
392
Massachusetts ..
7,800 1,457,351 1,651,912 1,606
Dakota
147,490
14,181
Michigan*
56,451 1,184,059 1,334,031 2,235
Dist. of Columbia.
60
131,700
Minnesota.
83,531
439,706
Idaho.
90,932
14,999
Mississippi.
47,156
827,922
Montana ..
143.776
20,595
75.995
123,993
246,280|
Utah.
80,056
86,786
375
New Hampshire.
9,280
318,300
790
Wyoming
93,107
9,118
498
New Jersey
8.320
906,096
1,026,502 1,265
New York.
47,000 4,382,759 4,705,208 4,470
Total Territories.
965,032
442,730
1,265
Ohio
39,964 2,665,260
3,740
Oregon
95,244|
90,923
159
Aggregate of U. S .. 2,915,203 38,555,983
60,852
* Last Census of Michigan taken in 1874.
* Included in the Railroad Mileage of Maryland.
PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD .;
POPULATION AND AREA.
COUNTRIES.
Population.
Date of Census.
Area in Square Miles.
Inhabitants to Square Mile.
CAPITALS.
Population.
China
446,500.000
1871
3,741.846
119.3
Pekin.
1,648,800
British Empire.
226,817,108
1871
4,677,432
48.6
London ..
3,251,800
Russia ....
81,925,490
1871
8,003,778
10.2
St. Petersburg.
667,000
United States with Alaska ..
38,925,600
1870
3,603,884
7.78
Washington
109,199
France ..
36,469,800
1866
204,091
178.7
Paris.
1,825,300
Austria and Hungary
35,904,400
1869
240.348
149.4
Vienna
833,900
Japan ...
34,785.300
1871
149,399
232.8
Yeddo ...
1,554,900
Great Britain and Ireland. German Empire
29,906,092
1871
160,207
187.
Berlin
825,400
Italy
27.439,921
1871
118,847
230.9
Rome.
244,484
Spain
16.642,000
1867
195,775
85.
Madrid
332,000
Brazil.
10,000.000
3,253,029
3.07
Rio Janeiro.
420,000
Turkey
16,463,000
672,621
24.4
Constantinople
1,075,000
Mexico.
9,173,000
1869
761,526
Mexico
210.300
Sweden and Norway
5,921,500
1870
292,871
20.
Stockholm.
136,900
Persia ...
5,000,000
1870
635,964
Teheran
120,000
Belgium.
5,021,300
1869
11,373
Brussels
314,100
Bavaria.
4,861,400
1871
29,292
Munich
169,500
Portugal.
3,995,200
1868
34,494
115.8
Lisbon
224,063
Holland .
3,688,300
1870
12.680
290.9
Hague ..
90,100
New Grenada
3,000,000
1870
357,157
8.4
Bogota.
45,000
Chili ..
2,000,000
1869
132,616
15.1
Santiago.
115,400
Switzerland.
2,669,100
1870
15,992
166.9
Berne
36,000
Peru
2,500,000
1871
471,838
5.3
Lima ..
160,100
Bolivia ..
2,000,000
497,321
4.
Chuquisaca ..
25,000
Wurtemburg
1,818,500
1871
7,533
Stuttgart
91,600
Denmark
1,784,700
1870
14,753
120.9
Copenhagen.
162,042
Baden.
1,461,400
1871
5,912
247.
Carlsruhe
36,600
Greece ..
1,457.900
1870
19,353
~5.3
Athens.
43,400
Guatemala
1,180,000
1871
40,879
28.9
Guatemala
40,000
Paraguay.
1,000,000
1871
63,787
15.6
Asuncion.
48,000
Hesse .
823,138
2,969
277.
Darmstadt
30,000
Liberia
718,000
1871
9,576
74.9
Monrovia
3,000
San Salvador.
600,000
1871
7,335
81.8
Sal Salvador
15,000
Hayti ...
572,000
10,205
56.
Port au Prince
20,000
Nicaragua.
350,000
1871
58,171
6.
Managua.
10,000
Uruguay ..
300,000
1871
66,722
6.5
Monte Video
44,500
Honduras
350,000
1871
17,092
7.4
Comayagua
12,000
San Domingo.
136,000
17,827
7.6
San Domingo.
20,000
Costa Rica
165.000
1870
21,505
7.7
San Jose ...
2.000
Hawaii.
62.950
7.633
80.
Honolulu.
7,633
1870.
1875.
1872.
Miles
POPULATION.
R. R.
Illinois
55,410 2,539,891
5,904
528,349
857,039
Territories.
Nevada.
112,090
42,491
52,540
593
Washington
69,944
23,955
North Carolina ..
50,704 1,071,361
1,190
Missouri ..
65.350 1,721,295,
2,580
New Mexico
121,201
91,874
990
Nebraska ..
828
31,817,100
1871
121,315
262.3
London
3,251,800
Argentine Republic.
1,812,000
1869
871,848
2.1
Buenos Ayres.
177.800
Venezuela
1,500,000
368,238
4.2
Caraccas
47,000
Ecuador ..
1,300,000
218,928
5.9
Quito
70,000
241.4
7.8
441.5
165.9
598,429 1,612
BAKER-CO-CHI
STARVED ROCK, ON THE ILLINOIS RIVER, LA SALLE CO., ILL.
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.
BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES.
Upon negotiable bills, and notes payable in this State, grace shall be allowed according to the law merchant. All the above mentioned paper falling due on Sunday, New Year's Day, the Fourth of July, Christmas, or any day appointed or recommended by the President of the United States or the Governor of the State, as a day of fast or thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day pre- vious. No defense can be made against a negotiable instrument (assigned before due) in the hands of the assignee without notice, except fraud was used in obtaining the same. To hold an indorser, due diligence must be used by suit against the maker or his representative. Notes payable to person named or to order, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payee. Notes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and when so payable, every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of payment, unless otherwise expressed.
In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a month shall be considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and for less than a month, a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes only bear interest when so expressed; but after due, they draw the legal interest, even if not stated.
INTEREST.
The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree, in writing, on a rate not exceeding ten per cent. If a rate of interest greater than ten per cent. is contracted for, it works a forfeiture of ten per cent. to the school fund, and only the principal sum can be recovered.
DESCENT.
The personal property of the deceased (except (1) that necessary for pay- ment of debts and expenses of administration ; (2) property set apart to widow, as exempt from execution ; (3) allowance by court, if necessary, of twelve months' support to widow, and to children under fifteen years of age), including life insurance, descends as does real estate.
One-third in value (absolutely) of all estates in real property, possessed by husband at any time during marriage, which have not been sold on execution or other judicial sale, and to which the wife has made no relinquishment of her right, shall be set apart as her property, in fee simple, if she survive him.
The same share shall be set apart to the surviving husband of a deceased wife.
The widow's share cannot be affected by any will of her husband's, unless she consents, in writing thereto, within six months after notice to her of pro- visions of the will.
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ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.
The provisions of the statutes of descent apply alike to surviving husband or surviving wife.
Subject to the above, the remaining estate of which the decedent died siezed, shall in absence of other arrangements by will, descend
First. To his or her children and their descendants in equal parts ; the descendants of the deceased child or grandchild taking the share of their deceased parents in equal shares among them.
Second. Where there is no child, nor descendant of such child, and no widow or surviving husband, then to the parents of the deceased in equal parts ; the surviving parent, if either be dead, taking the whole; and if there is no parent living, then to the brothers and sisters of the intestate and their descend- ants.
Third. When there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or chil- dren, or descendants of the same, then one-half of the estate shall descend to such widow or surviving husband, absolutely ; and the other half of the estate shall descend as in other cases where there is no widow or surviving husband, or child or children, or descendants of the same.
Fourth. If there is no child, parent, brother or sister, or descendants of either of them, then to wife of intestate, or to her heirs, if dead, according to like rules.
Fifth. If any intestate leaves no child, parent, brother or sister, or de- scendants of either of them, and no widow or surviving husband, and no child, parent, brother or sister (or descendant of either of them) of such widow or surviving husband, it shall escheat to the State.
WILLS AND ESTATES OF DECEASED PERSONS.
No exact form of words are necessary in order to make a will good at law. Every male person of the age of twenty-one years, and every female of the age of eighteen years, of sound mind and memory, can make a valid will; it must be in writing, signed by the testator, or by some one in his or her presence, and by his or her express direction, and attested by two or more competent wit- nesses. Care should be taken that the witnesses are not interested in the will. Inventory to be made by executor or administrator within fifteen days from date of letters testamentary or of administration. Executors' and administra- tors' compensation on amount of personal estate distributed, and for proceeds of sale of real estate, five per cent. for first one thousand dollars, two and one-half per cent. on overplus up to five thousand dollars, and one per cent. on overplus above five thousand dollars, with such additional allowance as shall be reasona- ble for extra services.
Within ten days after the receipt of letters of administration, the executor or administrator shall give such notice of appointment as the court or clerk shall direct.
Claims (other than preferred) must be filed within one year thereafter, are forever barred, unless the claim is pending in the District or Supreme Court, or unless peculiar circumstances entitle the claimant to equitable relief.
Claims are classed and payable in the following order :
1. Expenses of administration.
2. Expenses of last sickness and funeral.
3. Allowance to widow and children, if made by the court.
4. Debts preferred under laws of the United States.
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