USA > Iowa > Keokuk County > The history of Keokuk County, Iowa : containing a history of the county, its cities, towns, &c. : a biographical directory of its citizens, war record of its volunteers in the late rebellion, general and local statistics, portraits of early settlers and prominent men > Part 32
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ARTICLE IV
SECTION 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State, to the pub- lic acts, records and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Con- gress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.
SEC. 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States.
A person charged, in any State, with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the Executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime.
No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up, on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due.
SEO. 3. New States may be admitted, by the Congress, into this Union;
247
AND ITS AMENDMENTS.
but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State, nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the Legislatures of the States con- cerned, as well as of the Congress.
The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State.
SEC. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union, a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence.
ARTICLE V.
The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this constitution, or, on the application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for pro- posing amendments, which in either case shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Con- gress; provided that no amendment, which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.
ARTICLE VI.
All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States, under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.
This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.
The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath, or affirm- ation, to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be re- quired, as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States.
ARTICLE VII.
The ratification of the conventions of nine states shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same
Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the States present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven
248
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES
hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names.
GEO. WASHINGTON, President and Deputy from Virginia.
New Hampshire. JOHN LANGDON, NICHOLAS GILMAN.
Massachusetts. NATHANIEL GORHAM, RUFUS KING.
Connecticut. WM. SAM'L JOHNSON, ROGER SHERMAN.
New York. ALEXANDER HAMILTON.
New Jersey. WIL. LIVINGSTON, WM. PATERSON, DAVID BREARLEY, JONA. DAYTON.
Pennsylvania. B. FRANKLIN,
ROBT. MORRIS,
THOS. FITZSIMONS,
JAMES WILSON, THOS. MIFFLIN, GEO. CLYMER, JARED INGERSOLL. Gouv. MORRIS.
Delaware. GEO. READ,
JOHN DICKINSON, JACO. BROOM, GUNNING BEDFORD, JR.,
RICHARD BASSETT.
Maryland. JAMES M'HENRY, DANL. CARROLL, DAN. OF ST. THOS, JENIFER.
Virginia. JOHN BLAIR. JAMES MADISON, JR.
North Carolina.
WM. BLOUNT,
HU. WILLIAMSON, RICH'D DOBBS SPAIGHT.
South Carolina.
J. RUTLEDGE,
CHARLES PINCKNEY, CHAS. COTESWORTH PINCKNEY, PIERCE BUTLER.
Georgia. WILLIAM FEW, ABR. BALDWIN.
WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary.
AMENDMENTS
To the Constitution of the United States, ratified according to the provis- ions of the Fifth Article of the foregoing Constitution.
ARTICLE I.
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to pe- tition the government for a redresss of grievances.
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AND ITS AMENDMENTS.
ARTICLE II.
A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.
ARTICLE III.
No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
ARTICLE IV.
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated ; and no warrant shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the per- sons or things to be seized.
ARTICLE V.
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war, or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeapordy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation.
ARTICLE VI.
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accu- sation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compul- „ory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence.
ARTICLE VII.
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact, tried by jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of common law.
ARTICLE VIII.
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
1
250
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES
ARTICLE IX.
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be con- strued to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
ARTICLE X.
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
ARTICLE XI.
The judicial power of the United shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States, by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State.
ARTICLE XII.
The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot, for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhab- itant of the same State with themselves; they shall name, in their ballots, the person voted for as President, and, in distinct ballots, the person voted for as Vice-President; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and trans- mit, sealed, to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in pres- ence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest num- ber of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a ma- jority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not ex- ceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Rep- resentatives shall choose immediately by ballot, the President. But, in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice .. And if the House of Representa- tives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice- President shall act as President, as in the case of the death, or other consti- tutional disability of the President.
The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have a majority, then, from the twe highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice.
But no person, constitutionally ineligible to the office of President, shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.
251
AND ITS AMENDMENTS.
ARTICLE XIII.
1. Neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legis- lation.
ARTICLE XIV.
1. All persons born, or naturalized, in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the States wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States, ac- cording to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed; but whenever the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of the State, or members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridge, except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of representation shall be reduced in the proportion which the whole number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens, twenty-one years of age in such State.
3. No person shall be Senator or Representative in Congress, or elec- tor of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion, against the same, or given aid and com- fort to the enemies thereof; but Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability.
4. The validity of the public debt of the United States authorized by law, including debts incurred for the payment of pensions and bounties for suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but such debts, obliga- tions, and claims shall be held illegal and void.
5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.
ARTICLE XV.
The rights of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
MISCELLANEOUS.
PRACTICAL RULES FOR EVERY DAY USE.
How to find the gain or loss per cent. when the cost and selling price are given.
RULE .- Find the difference between the cost and selling price, which will be the gain or loss.
Annex two ciphers to the gain or loss, and divide it by the cost price; the result will be the gain or loss per cent.
How to change gold into currency.
RULE-Multiply the given sum of gold, by the price of gold.
How to change currency into gold.
RULE .- Divide the amount in currency by the price of gold.
How to find each partner's share of the gain or loss in a copartnership business.
RULE .- Divide the whole gain or loss by the entire stock, the quotient will be the gain or loss per cent.
Multiply each partner's stock by this per cent, the result will be each one's share of the gain or loss.
How to find gross and net weight and price of hogs.
A short and simple method for finding the net weight, or price of hogs, when the gross weight or price is given, and vice versa.
NOTE .- It is generally assumed that the gross weight of Hogs diminished by 1-5 or 20 per cent. of itself gives the net weight, and the net weight increased by 14 or 25 per cent. of itself equals the gross weight.
To fine the net weight or gross price.
RULE .- Multiply the given number by .8 (tenths.)
To find the gross weight or net price.
RULE .- Divide the given number by .8 (tenths.)
How to find the capacity of a granary, bin, or wagon-bed.
RULE .- Multiply (by short method) the number of cupic feet by 6308, and point off ONE decimal place-the result will be the correct answer in bushels and tenths of a bushel.
For only an approximate answer, multiply the cubic feet by 8, and point off one decimal place.
How to find the contents of a corn-crib.
RULE .- Multiply the number of cubic feet by 54, short method, or by 4}
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MISCELLANEOUS.
ordinary method, and point off ONE decimal place-the result will be the answer in bushels.
NOTE .- In estimating corn in the ear, the quality and the time it has been cribbed must be taken into consideration, since corn will shrink considerably during the Winter and Spring. This rule generally holds good for corn measured at the time it is cribbed, provided it is sound and clean.
How to find the contents of a cistern or tank.
RULE .- Multiply the square of the mean diameter by the depth (all in feet) and this product by 5681 (short method), and point off ONE decimal place-the result will be the contents in barrels of 312 gallons.
How to find the contents of a barrel or cask.
RULE .- Under the square of the mean diameter, write the length (all in inches) in REVERSED order, so that its UNITS will fall under the TENS; multl- ply by short method, and this product again by 430; point off one decimal place, and the result will be the answer in wine gallons.
How to measure boards.
RULE .- Multiply the length (in feet) by the width (in inches) and divide the product by 12-the result will be the contents in square feet.
How to measure scantlings, joists, planks, sills, etc.
RULE .- Multiply the width, the thickness, and the length together (the width and thickness in inches, and the length in feet), and divide the pro- duct by 12-the result will be square feet.
How to find the number of acres in a body of land.
RULE .- Multiply the length by the width (in rods), and divide the pro- duct by 160 (carrying the division to 2 decimal places if there is a remain- der); the result will be the answer in acres and hundredths.
When the opposite sides of a piece of land are of unequal length, add them together and take one-half for the mean length or width.
How to find the number of square yards in a floor or wall.
RULE .- Multiply the length by the width or height (in feet), and divide the product by 9, the result will be square yards.
How to find the number of bricks required in a building.
RULE .- Multiply the number of cubic feet by 222.
The number of cubic feet is found by multiplying the length, height and thickness (in feet) together.
Bricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches thick; hence, it requires 27 bricks to make a cubic foot without mortar, but it is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space.
How to find the number of shingles required in a roof.
RULE .- Multiply the number of square feet in the roof by 8, if the shin- gles are exposed 42 inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches.
To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by twice the length of the rafters.
To find the length of the rafters, at ONE-FOURTH pitch, multiply the width of the building by .56 (hundredths); at ONE-THIRD pitch, by .6 (tenths); at TWO-FIFTHS pitch, by .64 (hundredths); at ONE-HALF pitch, by 71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from the apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be taken into consideration.
NOTE .- By 14 or 73 pitch is meant that the apex or comb of the roof is to be 14 or 13 the width of the building higher than the walls or base of the rafters.
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MISCELLANEOUS.
How to reckon the cost of hay.
RULE .- Multiply the number of pounds by half the price per ton, and remove the decimal point three places to the left.
How to measure grain.
RULE .- Level the grain; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic feet; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to the left.
NOTE .- Exactness requires the addition to every three hundred bushels of one extra bushel.
The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by multiplying the number of bushels by 8.
If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2, to find the number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of ear corn to make 1 of shelled corn.
Rapid rules for measuring land without instruments.
In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any given plot in square yards; then, given the number of yards, find out the number of rods and acres.
The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, an ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on the average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes.
To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to walk in a straight line; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line straight ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote; and, in walking, keep these objects constantly in line.
Farmers and others by adopting the following simple and ingenious contrivance, may always carry with them the scale to construct a correct yard measure.
Take a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger of the left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the left arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink.
To find how many rods in length will make an acre, the width being given.
RULE .- Divide 160 by the width, and the quotient will be the answer.
How to find the number of acres in any plot of land, the number of rods being given.
RULE .- Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5, and remove the decimal point two places to the left.
The diameter being given, to find the circumference.
RULE .- Multiply the diameter by 3 1-7.
How to find the diameter, when the circumference is given.
RULE .- Divide the circumference by 3 1-7.
To find how many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick- ness throughout will contain when squared.
RULE .- Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply by the length in feet, and divide the product by 144.
General rule for measuring timber, to find the solid contents in feet.
RULE .- Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and then multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144.
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MISCELLANEOUS.
To find the number of feet of timber in trees with the bark on.
RULE .- Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in inches, by twice the length, in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1-10 to 1-15 according to the thickness of the bark.
Howard's new rule for computing interest.
RULE .- The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest on any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal point two places to the left; for ten times that time, remove the point one place to the left; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three places to the left.
Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given.
NOTE .- The reciprocal of the rate is found by inverting the rate; thus 3 per cent. per month, inverted, becomes 13 of a month, or ten days.
When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus: 3-1, three ones.
Rule for converting English into American currency.
Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90.
POPULATION OF IOWA CITIES.
The following table presents the population of thirteen of the principal cities of Iowa for the years 1870, 1875 and 1878-the population for the last named year being, in the main, estimated:
Pop. in 1870.
Pop. in 1875.
Pop. in 1878.
Des Moines
12,035
14,443
25,000
Burlington .
14,930*
19,987
25,000
Davenport
20,038
21,234
26,827
Dubuque
18,434
23,605
27,500
Keokuk
12,766
11,841
15,000
Cedar Rapids
5,940
7,179
11,350
Iowa City
5,914
6,371
8,000
Council Bluffs
10,020
9,287
11,000
Clinton
6,129
7,028
9,000
Muscatine
6,718
7,537
8,000
Sioux City
3,401
4,290
6,000
Ottumwa.
5,214
6,326
10,000
Marshalltown
3,288
4,384
6,416
Fort Madison, Mt. Pleasant and Waterloo are, probably, entitled to appear in the above table, as each of them, doubtless, has a population of over six thousand.
* Includes whole township.
THE PIONEER.
In the heart of the grand old forest, A thousand miles to the West, Where a stream gushed out from the hill side, They halted at last for rest. And the silence of ages listened To the axe-stroke loud and clear, Divining a kingly presence In the tread of the pioneer.
He formed of the prostrate beeches A home that was strong and good; The roof was of reeds from the streamlet, The chimney he built of wood. And there by the winter fireside, While the flame up the chimney roared, He spoke of the good time coming, When plenty should crown their board-
When the forest should fade like a vision, And over the hill-side and plain The orchard would spring in its beauty, And the fields of golden grain. And to-night he sits by the fireside In a mansion quaint and old, With his children's children around him, Having reaped a thousand-fold.
HISTORY OF KEOKUK COUNTY.
NAME.
THERE is nothing in the whole realm of knowledge more important than the history of words, and the science of etymology affords nothing more interesting than the origin of proper names. In naming localities and streams of water the discoverers and first settlers of America originated the plan of adopting Indian names. As new streams of water were dis- covered, new territories formed, and new towns laid out this plan was ad- hered to. The precedent thus formed by the fathers, grew into an estab- lished custom, the wisdom of which has become more and more apparent as by use the ear becomes accustomed to the sound and the eye familiar with the sight of them. By following this custom our language becomes greatly enriched, and each successive generation is reminded of a people once numerous and powerful, but now so weak and abject as to be virtually eliminated from the family of nations. These names have invariably a pleasing sound when the ear becomes accustomed to them, and their adop- tion is a most befitting tribute to a nation which, although savage, pos- sessed certain characteristics that make the story of their misfortunes the most remarkable to be found on the pages of history, and the most pathetic that has been wrought by the stern vicissitudes of time.
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