USA > Iowa > Van Buren County > The history of Van Buren County, Iowa, containing a history of the county, its cities, towns, &c, a biographical directory of citizens, war record of its volunteers in the late rebellion, general and local statistics history of the Northwest, history of Iowa &c > Part 31
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In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact
281
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES
tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law.
ARTICLE VIII.
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
ARTICLE IX.
The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
ARTICLE X.
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.
ARTICLE XI.
The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or sub- jects of any foreign state.
ARTICLE XII.
The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two- thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi- dent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be the majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a major-
-
282
AND ITS AMENDMENTS.
ity, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.
ARTICLE XIII.
SECTION 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris- diction.
SEC. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- priate legislation.
ARTICLE XIV.
SECTION 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
SEC. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per- sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice- President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the execu- tive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the num- ber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state.
SEC. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previ- ously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an execu- tive or judicial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability.
SEC. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author- ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun- ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- tioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void.
283
ARTICLE XV.
SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
VOTE FOR GOVERNOR, 1877, AND PRESIDENT, 1876.
1877. Governor.
1876. President.
1877. Governor.
1876. President.
COUNTIES.
COUNTIES.
Rep.
Dem.
Gr.
Pro.
Rep.
Dem.
Rep.
Dem.
Gr.
Pro.
Rep. Dem.
Adair ....
982
161
581
15
1334
593
Johnson
1984
2345
18
273
2345
3563
Adams.
876
397
455
38
1376
626
Jones
1×68
1218
14
63
2591
1763
Allamakee
1547
1540
69
36
1709
1646
Keokuk
1772
1526
322
105
2364
1862
Appanoose
1165
1049
729
32
1711
1419
Kossuth
463
236
13
638
227
Audubon.
410
352
26
427
352
Lee
2157
2863
350
585
4331
2917
Black Hawk
1780
1111
95
244
2979
1592
Louisa
1328
817
80
108
1920
1008
Boone.
1612
981
466
10
2018
1305
Lucas
1203
801
103
12
1478
1044
Bremer
1180
582
196
1
1737
757
Lyon
261
17
9
1.1
262
46
747
192
161
20
770
200
Dahaska
1823
1046
1011
596
3221
1701
Butler
1453
758
19
95
1828
780
Marion.
1976
1866
760
95
2736
23' 4
Calhoun.
418
75
171
74
622
196
Marshall
1448
837
3×9
504
3056
1189
Carroll
633
744
141
11
799
771
Mills ...
1435
1102
98
28
1452
1165
Cass
1592
839
116
30
1876
979 Mitchell
1396
459
35
36
1663
671
Cedar ...
1315
1093
206
416
2323
1445 Monona
580
119
432
9
713
304
Cerro Gordo
903
348
72
40
1274
448 Monroe
1034
928
217
26
1418
1246
Cherokee.
562
71
383
86
861
175 Montgomery
1122
441
532
47
1749
759
Chickasaw
1107
37
9
1574
1090, Muscatine
1753
1775
171
387
2523
2075
Clark
1054
267
813
19
1405
306
21
201
14
463
116
Clay
517
16
20
67
567
295
40
13
33
329
59
1873
1770
66
167
2662
11C6
50 ×
31~
293
2243
861
Clinton
2144
2327
286
66
3654
311
357
3
343
333
898
651
19
111
1043
638 Plymouth
779
4×7
77
39
835
502
1541
215
1241
80
2136
752 Pocahontas
370
9.3
41
36
374
141
893
1231
803
12
1586
1631 Polk
1885
1353
94
4321
2382
1269
961
310
19
1647
1282 Potta wattamie
2223
218
121
2565
2414
Delaware.
1226
1143
32
525
2233
1466 Poweshiek
1496
882
420
346
2509
1083
Des Moines
1384
767
6
33:25
964
671
47
1246
422
Dickinson
197
8
12
259
48 Sac
128
177
13
661
166
Dubuque
1587
3415
406
53
2798
4377 Scott
3631
1963
309
37
3819
2853
Emmett
213
28
246
36 Sh lby
639
3
16
897
631
Fayette
1933
1067
889
27
3029
1709 Sioux
436
132
49
439
220
Floyd
1233
208
162
30
2032
751; Story
1260
344
611
187
1843
579
Franklin
336
16
10
1178
379 Ташa
1426
833
196
133
2337
1317
1250
1331
334
1658
1682 Taylor
1325
293
865
1727
676
Greene
1031
215
551
27
1310
510, Union
899
516
830
63
1238
795
Grundy
909
504
8
1099
417 Van Buren
1490
1305
301
130
2113
1661
Guthrie
1160
496
364
21
1434
629 Wapello
17 0
1029
1265
296
2582
2412
Ilamilton
842
265
422
57
1187
425 Warren
1726
044
742
101
2439
1315
Haucock
340
95
29
281
99 Washington
1087
1221
303
112
2467
1508
Hardin
1492
661
238
154
2152
980 Wayne
1316
832
404
3
1692
1341
Harrison
1348
86 ,
523
19
1557
1386 Webster
850
127
1121
47
1299
987
Henry
1770
424
1041
140
2809
1485
Winnebago
544
40
498
39
Howard
551
617
201
519
1191
600
Winneshiek
2074
1009
279
238
2759
1617
Humboldt
382
149
115
523
183, Woodbury
1109
867
226
9
1034
997
Ida
321
54
104
212
57 Worth
628
132
8
14
703
149
Jackson
1619
1966
224
15}
2126
2185
Totals
12154€
79353
34228
10639 17133:
112121
Jefferson
1396
753
576
109
2166
1449
Majorities
4:192
...
Total vote, 1877, 245,766, 1876 (including2943 Greenback), 202,943.
VOTE FOR CONGRESSMEN, 1876.
District.
Rep.
Dem. R. Maj.
Total.
Maj. '74.
District.
Rep. | Dem.
R. Maj.
Total.
Maj. '74.
1
17188
1-1814
2374
32002
D. 1863 VII
19496 11688
7808
31184
R. 2300
III.
17423
16100
1323
33523
D. 63 IX
19563
10583
8980
30146| R. 5849
IV
20770
9379
11391
30149 R. 3821
19274
11154
8120
30428 R. 5213
168289 118356
49933|
$292111
VI
18778, 14719
4059
33497 R. 2724
-
1
567
449
2901
1356
Linn
Madison
1792
1077
616
50
2216
1538
Buchanan
1290
769
7:25
223
22:27
1416
Buena Vista
1432
712
Benton
2524
2316
75
3163
3682
Clayton
2621 Page
3398 Palo Alto
Crawford
Dallas.
Davis
3171
2059
Decatur.
2315
2917 Ringgold ..
2
1870
1348 Wright
331
166
117
9
574
184
Jasper.
1977
1154
1018
263
3375
1804
16439
14683
1756
31122
R. 657 VIII
19358
15236
4122
34594
R. 2127
Iowa
1132
1120
642
22x
592111
...
1311
Fremont
1279
816 O'Brien 9.1 Osceola
Total vote, 1874, 184,640 ; aggregate Republican majority, 24,524. * Including 5,406 Greenback vot .s.
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
PRACTICAL RULES FOR EVERY DAY USE.
How to find the gain or loss per cent. when the cost and selling price are given.
RULE .- Find the difference between the cost and selling price, which will be the gain or loss.
Annex two ciphers to the gain or loss, and divide it by the cost price ; the result will be the gain or loss per cent.
How to change gold into currency.
RULE .- Multiply the given sum of gold by the price of gold.
How to change currency into gold.
Divide the amount in currency by the price of gold.
How to find each partner's share of the gain or loss in a copartnership business.
RULE .- Divide the whole gain or loss by the entire stock, the quo- tient will be the gain or loss per cent.
Multiply cach partner's stock by this per cent., the result will be each one's share of the gain or loss.
How to find gross and net weight and price of hogs.
A short and simple method for finding the net weight, or price of hogs, when the gross weight or price is given, and vice versa.
NOTE .- It Is generally assumed that the gross weight of Hogs diminished by 1-5 or 20 per cent. of Itself gives the net weight, and the net weight increased by X or 25 per cent. of itself equals the gross weight.
To find the net weight or gross price. Multiply the given number by .8 (tenths.)
To find the gross weight or net price.
Divide the given number by .8 (tenths.)
How to find the capacity of a granary, bin, or wagon-bed.
RULE .- Multiply (by short method) the number of cubic feet by 6308, and point off ONE decimal place-the result will be the correct nswer in bushels and tenths of a bushel.
For only an approximate answer, multiply the cubic feet by 8, and point off one decimal place.
How to find the contents of a corn-crib.
RULE .- Multiply the number of cubic feet by 54, short method, or
(284)
285
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
by 4} ordinary method, and point off ONE decimal place-the result will be the answer in bushels.
NOTE .- In estimating corn in the ear, the quality and the time it has been cribbed must be taken Into consideration, since corn will shrink considerably during the Winter and Spring. This rule generally holds good for corn measured at the time it is cribbed, provided It is sound and clean.
How to find the contents of a cistern or tank.
RULE .- Multiply the square of the mean diameter by the depth (all in feet) and this product by 5681 (short method), and point off ONE decimal place-the result will be the contents in barrels of 313 gallons.
How to find the contents of a barrel or cask.
RULE .- Under the square of the mean diameter, write the length (all in inches) in REVERSED order, so that its UNITS will fall under the TENS ; multiply by short method, and this product again by 430 ; point off one decimal placc, and the result will be the answer in wine gallons.
How to measure boards.
RULE .- Multiply the length (in feet) by the width (in inches) and divide the product by 12-the result will be the contents in square feet.
How to measure scantlings, joists, planks, sills, etc.
RULE .- Multiply the width, the thickness, and the length together (the width and thickness in inches, and the length in feet), and divide the product by 12-the result will be square feet.
How to find the number of acres in a body of land.
RULE .- Multiply the length by the width (in rods), and divide the product by 160 (carrying the division to 2 decimal places if there is a remainder) ; the result will be the answer in acres and hundredths.
When the opposite sides of a piece of land are of unequal length, add them together and take one-half for the mean length or width.
How to find the number of square yards in a floor or wall.
RULE .- Multiply the length by the width or height (in feet), and divide the product by 9, the result will be square yards.
How to find the number of bricks required in a building.
RULE .- Multiply the number of cubic feet by 223.
The number of cubic feet is found by multiplying the length, height nd thickness (in feet) together.
Bricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches thick ; hence, it requires 27 bricks to make a cubic foot without mortar, but it is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space.
How to find the number of shingles required in a roof.
RULE .- Multiply the number of square feet in the roof by 8, if the shingles are exposed 43 inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches.
To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by twice the length of the rafters.
286
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
To find the length of the rafters, at ONE-FOURTH pitch, multiply the width of the building by .56 (hundredths) ; at ONE-THIRD pitch, by .6 (tenths) ; at TWO-FIFTHS pitch, by .64 (hundredths) ; at ONE-HALF pitch, by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from the apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be taken into consideration.
NOTE .- By 14 or 15 pitch is meant that the apex or comb of the roof is to be x4 or' }{ the width of the building higher than the walls or base of the rafters.
How to reckon the cost of hay.
RULE .- Multiply the number of pounds by half the price per ton, and remove the decimal point three places to the left.
How to measure grain.
RULE .- Level the grain ; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic feet ; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to the left.
NOTE .- Exactness requires the addition to every three hundred bushels of one extra bushel.
The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by- multiplying the number of bushels by 8.
If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2, to find the number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of ear corn to make 1 of shelled corn.
Rapid rules for measuring land without instruments.
In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any given plot in square yards ; then, given the number of yards, find out the number of rods and acres.
The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, an ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on the average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes.
To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to walk in a straight line ; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line straight ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote; and, in walk- ing, keep these objects constantly in line.
Farmers and others by adopting the following simple and ingenious con- trivance, may always carry with them the scale to construct a correct yard measure.
Take a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger of the left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the left arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink.
To find how many rods in length will make an acre, the width being given.
RULE .- Divide 160 by the width, and the quotient will be the answer.
287
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
How to find the number of acres in any plot of land, the number of rods being given.
RULE .- Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5, and remove the decimal point two places to the left.
The diameter being given, to find the circumference.
RULE .- Multiply the diameter by 3 1-7.
How to find the diameter, when the circumference is given.
RULE .- Divide the circumference by 3 1-7.
To find how many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick- ness throughout will contain when squared.
RULE .- Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply by the length in feet, and divide the product by 144.
General rule for measuring timber, to find the solid contents in feet.
RULE .- Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and then multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144.
To find the number of feet of timber in trees with the bark on.
RULE .- Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in inches, by twice the length, in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1-10 to 1-15 according to the thickness of the bark.
Howard's new rule for computing interest.
RULE .- The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest on any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal point two places to the left; for ten times that time, remove the point one place to the left; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three places to the left.
Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given.
NOTE .- The reciprocal of the rate is found by inverting the rate ; thus 3 per cent. per month, in- verted, becomes % of a month, or 10 days.
When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus : 3-1, three ones.
Rule for converting English into American currency.
Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90.
U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE.
A township-36 sections each a mile square.
A section-640 acres.
A quarter section, half a mile square-160 acres.
An eighth section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter of a mile wide-80 acres.
A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square-40 acres.
288
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
The sections are all numbered 1 to 36, commencing at the north-east corner.
The sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the cardinal points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The de- scription of a forty acre lot would read: The south half of the west half of the south-west quarter of section 1 in township 24, north of range 7 west, or as the case might be; and sometimes will fall short and sometimes overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain.
The nautical mile is 795 4-5 feet longer than the common mile.
SURVEYORS' MEASURE.
7 92-100 inches .make 1 link. 25 links 1 rod.
4 rods 1 chain.
80 chains .. 1 mile.
NOTE .- A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or 66 feet.
Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barley- corn ; three of which made an inch.
Horses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of measure is four inches-called a hand.
In Biblical and other old measurements, the term span is sometimes used, which is a length of nine inches.
The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length.
The common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length.
A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches.
A fathom is equal to 6 feet.
A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly speaking a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal to 3.45 statute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said to be a league.
In cloth measure an aune is equal to 1} yards, or 45 inches.
An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches.
A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches.
A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches.
HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS.
Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business, should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic man- ner. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunity of ac- quiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here present a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, and well adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics and laborers.
289
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
1875.
A. H. JACKSON.
Dr.
Cr.
Jan.
10 To 7 bushels Wheat
at $1.25
$8/75
$2 50
Feb. 4 To 14 bushels Oats
at $ .45
6.30
4 To 5 lbs. Butter
at
.25
1|25
March 8 By new Harrow
18 00
66 S By sharpening 2 Plows
40
66
27 To Cow and Calf
48 00
April
9 To half ton of Hay
6|25
66
9 By Cash.
25 00
May
6 By repairing Corn-Planter
17 50
July
4 By Cash, to balance account
35 15
$88 05
$88 05
1875.
CASSA MASON.
Dr. Cr.
March 21 By 3 days' labor
at $1.25
$3|75
66 21 To 2 Shoats
at
3.00
$6 00
66
23 To 18 bushels Corn
at
.45
8 10
May
1 By 1 month's Labor
25 00
1 To Cash
10 00
June
19 By 8 days' Mowing
at $1.50
12 00
66
26 To 50 Ibs. Flour
2 75
July
10 To 27 lbs. Meat
at $ .10
2 70
18 00
Aug.
12 By 6 days' Labor
at
1.50
9.00
20,00
Sept.
1 To Cash to balance account
18 20
$67 75
$61 75
INTEREST TABLE.
A SIMPLE RULE FOR ACCURATELY COMPUTING INTEREST AT ANY GIVEN PER CENT. FOR ANY LENGTH OF TIME.
Multiply the principal (amount of money at interest) by the time reduced to days; then divide this product by the quotient obtained by dividing 360 (the number of days in the interest year) by the per cent. of interest, and the quotient thus obtained will be the required interest.
ILLUSTRATION. Solution.
Require the interest of $462.50 for one month and eighteen (lays at 6 per cent. An interest month is 30 days; one month and eighteen days equal 48 days. $462.50 multi- plied by .48 gives $222.0000; 360 divided by 6 (the per cent. of interest ) gives 60, and $222.0000 divided by 60 will give you the exact interest, which is $3.70. If the rate of interest in the above example were 12 per cent., we would divide the $222.0000 by 30 6)360 (because 360 divided by 12 gives 30); if 4 per cent., wo would divide by 90; if 8 per cent., by 45: and in like manner for any other per cent.
$462.50
.48
370000
185000
60 / $222.0000($3.70
180
420 420
00
MISCELLANEOUS TABLE.
12 units, or things, 1 Dozen.
12 dozen, 1 Gross.
{ 196 pounds, 1 Barrel of Flour. 200 pounds, 1 Barrel of Pork.
| 24 sheets of paper, 1 Quire. 20 quires paper 1 Reain.
20 things, 1 Score. 56 pounds, 1 Firkin of Butter. | 4 ft. wide, 4 f+. high, and 8 ft. long, 1 Cord Wood-
4|75
24 To one Sow with Pigs
29 By 9 days' Harvesting
at 2.00
12 To Cash
1
1
2 25
13|By new Double-Tree
17 By shoeing span of Horses
290
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION, AND THEIR SIGNIFICATIONS.
Virginia .- The oldest of the States, was so called in honor of Queen Elizabeth, the "Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made his first attempt to colonize that region.
Florida .- Ponce de Leon landed on the coast of Florida on Easter Sunday, and called the country in commemoration of the day, which was the Pasqua Florida of the Spaniards, or " Feast of Flowers."
Louisiana was called after Louis the Fourteenth, who at one time owned that section of the country.
Alabama was so named by the Indians, and signifies " Here we Rest." Mississippi is likewise an Indian name, meaning " Long River."
Arkansas, from Kansas, the Indian word for "smoky water." Its prefix was really arc, the French word for " bow."
The Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called "Carolana," after Charles the Ninth of France.
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