USA > Illinois > Kendall County > Biographical directory of the voters and tax-payers of Kendall County, Illinois : containing also a map of the county, an historical sketch, a business directory, an abstract of every-day laws, officers of societies, lodges, etc., etc > Part 1
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977326 B52
BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTOR OF KENDALL COUNTY Illinois. 1876.
LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
977.326 B52
RB
ILL. HIST. SURVEY
REFERENCE
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Map of KENDALL COUNTY
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Cemetery ...
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MARRE-RICHARDS VIL
The above is a very accurate cut of the new College Building now in process of erection at Toledo, Iowa. The building is 80x150 feet, and when finished will be one of the best college buildings in Iowa.
1
BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY
1
OF THE
VOTERS AND TAX-PAYERS
'OF
KENDAL
OUNTY, I LLINOIS
:
CONTAINING, ALSO, A
1
MAP OF THE COUNTY; AN HISTORICAL SKETCH; A BUSINESS DIRECTORY; AN ABSTRACT OF EVERY-DAY LAWS; OFFICERS OF SOCIETIES, LODGES, ETC., ETC.
CHICAGO: GEO. FISHER & Co., 15 LAKESIDE BUILDING. 1876.
MRS. PRESIDENT HARRISON.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1876, by GEO. FISHER & CO., in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
A
LAKESIDE
PUBLISHING & PRINTING CO.
CHICAGO.
977.326 B52
Il. Hist. Suway
CONTENTS.
PAGES.
MAP OF KENDALL COUNTY. opp. Title.
HISTORY OF KENDALL COUNTY 9 to 2I
ABSTRACT OF LAWS 22 to 26
MISCELLANEOUS TABLES AND RULES 27 to 28
LOCAL STATISTICS
28 to 29
GENERAL STATISTICS 29 to 32
KENDALL TOWNSHIP DIRECTORY 33 to 40
YORKVILLE BUSINESS
41 & 42
PAVILION BUSINESS
42
Fox TOWNSHIP
66
43 to 49
MILLINGTON BUSINESS
49
MILLBROOK BUSINESS
50
FOX STATION BUSINESS
66
50
LITTLE ROCK TOWNSHIP
51 to 59
PLANO BUSINESS
".
59 & 60
LISBON TOWNSHIP 66
61 to 66
LISBON BUSINESS
6
67
PLATTVILLE BUSINESS
67
SEWARD TOWNSHIP
66
68 to 73
OSWEGO TOWNSHIP
66
74 to 84
OSWEGO BUSINESS
84
BIG GROVE TOWNSHIP 66
85 to 93
NEWARK BUSINESS
94
NA-AU-SAY TOWNSHIP
"
95 to 102
BTISTOL TOWNSHIP
103 to 110
BRISTOL BUSINESS
IIO
VILLAGE CORPORATIONS III
TOWNSHIP OFFICERS, 1876 II2
LODGES AND ASSOCIATIONS II3
7
KENDALL COUNTY RECORD
115
THE YORKVILLE NEWS
I16
N57 Leventhal
21
Illinois History Survey 28 Oct 1957 record Putman
PREFACE.
In presenting this work to the citizens of Kendall County, we desire to express our thanks for their very liberal patronage, and for their courteous treatment of our agents in giving information for this work. This is the first work of this kind ever published, and we have been at a loss many times to know just what would be most bene- ficial for the purposes desired, and in the most condensed form. It was our original intention to make the descriptions more meagre, and as in all other Directories make our profits in inserting advertisements. But from the unusually liberal subscriptions given us, and at the request of many prominent citizens, we concluded to dispense with advertisements, and make the work one to ornament the library. Two important features of a work of this kind are accuracy and freshness. To insure these we have had an unusually large force of trusty men, who, we think, have done all that possibly could be done, and we now put the first Biographical Directory into the hands of our subscribers in Kendall County, hoping it will prove to be equal to their ex- pectations, and of inestimable value to them.
.
HISTORY OF KENDALL COUNTY.
The title of that portion of the territory now embraced in Kendall County, lying south of what is known as " the Indian boundary line," was acquired by the United States from the Indians, about the year 1810, and was the cause of a very serious misunderstanding between the govern- ment and the Indians.
The government desired a wagon road from Chicago to Rock Island, to which the Indians did not object; a treaty was had, but instead of a mere wagon road, the treaty covered a magnificent strip of land twenty miles wide, across the whole State of Illinois. The deceit thus practiced by the white man caused the massacre of the garrison at Chicago, in August, 1812. The title to that portion of the territory embraced in the county lying north of the Indian boundary line, was acquired by the treaty of 1829, held at Prairie du Chien in July of that year, which was the cause of as great a misunderstanding with the Indians as the treaty of 1810.
EARLY SETTLEMENT.
The first settlers in this county were mostly from the States of Tennessee, Kentucky, and Virginia, with a few from North and South Carolina. They were, however, of a roving disposition, remained but a short time, and were succeeded by pioneers from the east.
The first permanent settlement upon Fox River, except near the mouth, in the neighborhood of Ottawa, and the first in Kendall County, so far as is known, was made by Clark Hollenback, his brother George Hollenback, William Harris, and Ezra Ackley, and their families. In the Winter of 1831 George Hollenback staked off the first claim, which now includes a portion of the farm of Daniel Pierce, Esq., not far from the site of the village of Oswego. He, however, abandoned this claim. Re- tracing their steps, Clark Hollenback located with his family at the grove about half a mile northeast of Newark. George Hollenback and Mr. Ackley arrived at the grove, which now bears his name, on the 18th day
10
HISTORY OF KENDALL COUNTY.
of April, 1831, and were joined by William Harris and his family in a few days, and here and at that time the first permanent settlement fairly began.
The first tree cut down at the commencement of that new settlement was by Moses Booth, Esq., who died in Big Grove, in the year 1845. He came, a stranger to their encampment, with his ax upon his shoulder, and in payment for his supper, lodging, and breakfast (although no charge was made) volunteered and cut down the first tree, and then went on his way. The first house was a log one, built by George Hollenback, in the Sum- mer of 1831.
Before a year from the date of the settlement, the first birth was a pair of twins, at the house of Mr. George Hollenback, the eldest of whom, by only a few minutes, (George M. Hollenback, Esq., now living near Millbrook) became the first white child born in the county.
The first marriage was that of Mr. Harris' eldest daughter, Nancy, to . Mr. Edward G. Ament.
INDIAN TROUBLES.
In the Spring of 1831, the Sauk Indians, conceiving or pretending that they had been cheated or otherwise wronged by the treaty at Prairie du Chien, crossed the Mississippi River at Fort Armstrong (now Rock Island) and demanded satisfaction for their grievances of General Atkinson, who was then stationed at that point. Considerable force was exhibited on the part of General Atkinson, but in order to conciliate them and cause no dissatisfaction, several thousand dollars' worth of provisions, consisting mostly of flour and pork, was turned out to them by the government, upon which they became apparently satisfied, and recrossed the Mississippi to their own homes, some where in the present State of Iowa. In the Spring of 1832 they again demanded satisfaction for grievances, and the com- mandant at Fort Armstrong notified the then governor of the state in regard to the threatened hostilities ; but it took the messenger a long while to reach the capital, and it took much longer for the governor to call out and equip the militia, and before any considerable force could be interposed between the Indians and the settlement, the blow had fallen. This portion of the country had belonged to the Pottawatomie Indians from time immemorial, and they had not yet removed from the country. The chiefs, although professing friendship for the white people, were also friendly with the hostile Indians, who were Sauks and Foxes. When the Indians crossed the Mississippi they passed up the north side of Rock River, while General Atkinson, with the United States forces, passed up from Fort Armstrong on the south side of the same river until he arrived at Dixon's Ferry, where for a time he stopped, upon learning of the defeat
11
HISTORY OF KENDALL COUNTY.
of Stillman the day before (the 15th of May, 1832) ; from this point Major Stillman or General Atkinson dispatched a young man by the name of Holley, and two others, for the settlement on Fox River, but they never reached their destination, and were supposed to have been murdered by the Indians, as the same day the Indians arrived at the mouth of Rock Creek, at which place it was proposed to hold a council with the chiefs of the Pottawatomies. During the time the council was in session, the Pot- tawatomie Chief Shabona and his friends could not be drawn into the war. Knowing that the council could sit but a few hours at farthest, and that danger would then threaten the new settlements, for whom he professed friendship, Shabona secretly dispatched his sister's son, a trusty young Indian, by the name of Peppers or Pepys, with instructions to proceed to George Hollenback's house, as it was the nearest, and give him warning. The young man, fearing he might be followed, went to Clark Hollenback's house, four miles in a contrary direction. Mr. Hollenback was absent ; but his son Thomas, seeing the only chance for saving the lives of his uncle's family was in immediate action, rode at full speed a perfectly un- broken colt to his uncle's house, and gave the alarm. The wagon-box was set upon the wagon, the horses harnessed and hitched, and while Mr. Hollenback hurried to Ackley's and Harris' houses to give the warn- ing, a few necessary articles were placed in the wagon. It was now late in the evening. Mr. Hollenback and his family, Peter Bolinger, who was at this time a member of his family, Mr. Ackley and his wife and their two children, with Mr. Harris' family, placing the women and small children in the wagon, the larger children and men on foot, started to make their escape, pursuing an easterly course. On account, how- ever, of the straying of the horses of Mr. Harris, and the absence of himself and his two sons in search of them, Mr. Harris' family had to escape on foot, and Mrs. Harris' father, old Mr. Combs, who was sick in bed, had to be left to the mercy of the Indians. In their flight their numbers were augmented by Mr. Harris, who joined his family the next day, Mr. E. G. Ament, who was Mr. Harris' son-in-law, his brother Hiram, Mr. Morton who lived with Mr. Ament, Stephen West, an old Frenchman Basil Lamsett, better known as Peter Specie (or Pecie as he called himself), Keeler Clark and his brother William O. Clark. After hardships, trials and hair-breadth escapes from hostile Indians, they reached Plainfield.
Mr. Bolinger, Mr. Cooper, and a young man from Hickory Grove immediately returned to the rescue of old Mr. Combs, whom they found unharmed, and brought him to Plainfield. The Indians, as he informed them, finding him helpless, had placed food and water within his reach, and had otherwise treated him kindly.
/
.
12
HISTORY OF KENDALL COUNTY.
Mr. Ackley did not remain in Plainfield with the remainder of his neighbors, but that afternoon the families of Mr. Dougherty and Mr. Selvy, who had established themselves at the Aux Sable Grove, passed by Plainfield on their way to the Wabash. Mr. Ackley and his family joined them and proceeded to the Wabash country, and was soon in a place of safety.
Upon arriving at Plainfield some buildings were torn down, and before night a very decent stockade had been erected, a military company organized, and Chester Smith was chosen captain.
About a week after this Mr. Payne, a Dunkard preacher, while at- tempting to reach his family at Ottawa, was murdered by the Indians.
The settlement on Indian Creek was more unfortunate than that on Fox River. It consisted of three families : Davis, Hall, and Pettigrew, and two millwrights who were preparing to build a mill. On the 21st of May they were surprised by the Indians, and an indiscriminate butchery of all the persons in sight was commenced. Eighteen of the white people were killed, two of Mr. Hall's daughters were carried into captivity, one small boy, son of Mr. Hall, alone escaped. The Misses Hall were taken to Wisconsin, where their captors traded them to the Winnebago Indians for forty horses, and they were finally ransomed by the United States Government for three thousand dollars. They were kindly and humanely treated by the Indians during their captivity of six months.
About a week after the arrival of this little band at Plainfield, a company of forty men, under the command of Captain John Naper of Naperville, came from Chicago to Plainfield, and made arrangements for their removal to Chicago, as the stockade at Plainfield was not safe and too small to contain the people. The establishment at Plainfield was therefore broken up and the people removed to Chicago, where they re- mained in comparative ease and security until the 12th of June, when the lookout of the garrison discovered a number of sails down the lake, which proved to be the long-looked-for United States forces under the command of General Scott, hastening for the defense and protection of the frontier people. Upon the vessels entering the harbor it was an- nounced that that dread scourge, the cholera, was aboard. In less than an hour from that time every person, with but two exceptions, were ready to leave, teams all loaded, and train ready to start. They left Chicago in hot haste, and returned to Plainfield, where they remained until the hostile Indians were driven from the country and peace fully restored.
The last depredations by the Indians in this vicinity were committed on Sunday, about the middle of June, in the year 1832, when two men,
13
HISTORY OF KENDALL COUNTY.
named Schermerhorn and Hazelton, while on their way to visit their house near the old mission, were killed in the morning, and Mr. Beres- ford, in the afternoon of the same day, while picking strawberries. The last seen of him he was flying for his life with Indians in close pursuit.
It is believed that no person was killed within what is now the limits of Kendall County. Indians burned all the houses in the vicinity except George Hollenback's.
During the year 1833 immigration began to pour into the country, and a year or two later surplus grain and other products began to find their way to the market at Chicago, which was still a small village.
Buying and selling claims was at this time a most fruitful source of speculation, and so continued up to the financial troubles of 1837, after which that traffic ceased.
The cholera was fatal to many of the soldiers under Scott's com- mand on the march after leaving Chicago, and it is said that the graves of three of these soldiers were seen and known for years by the early settlers in the vicinity of Little Rock.
The Summer of 1833, the Indians having been driven from the country, the month of August found the various families who were stationed in Plainfield returning to the respective homes from which " they had originally come. Mr. Harris' and Mr. Hollenback's families repaired to Ottawa; from thence Mr. Harris went to the neighborhood where he had wintered in 1830-31 ; and in the month of September Mr. Hollenback and his family returned to Ohio, from whence he had moved to Illinois in 1829; old Mr. and Mrs. Combs accompanied them. Mr. Hollenback and a young man named John Perry returned to Illinois in the Spring of 1833, and that summer raised a crop. He then returned to Ohio and removed his family the second time to Illinois.
Mr. Ackley also returned and occupied the claim he left during the Indian troubles. Mr. Harris did not return to his claim at the grove, but. sold it to John Matlock, father of West Matlock, Esq., and he in turn sold it to Robert Ford, who subdivided it. Mr. Harris then settled at Long Grove, and remained there until his death.
Ezra Ackley died in 1840 ; Clark Hollenback in 1844; Rebecca, wife of Wm. Harris about 1846 ; Sophia, wife of George Hollenback in 1861 ; George Hollenback in 1863 ; William Harris in 1865.
We are greatly indebted to George M. Hollenback, Esq., for the foregoing facts in regard to early settlement and Indian troubles of this vicinity.
-
14
HISTORY OF KENDALL COUNTY.
PIONEERS.
Following is a list of as many of the pioneers of Kendall County as we have been able to get a report of :
NAME.
NATIVITY.
PLACE OF, SETTLEMENT.
YEAR
REMARKS.
Ansel Reed,
New York -
Lisbon Township -
1827 Living
Clark Havenhill, -
Kentucky -
66 Removed
Dr. Blexton Harris,
Ohio -
Yorkville
1829 Living
Enoch Darnell, - Clark Hollenback -
Ohio
Bristol
Big Grove Township Fox Township
1831
66
John Pearce,
Ohio - -
Oswego "
66
Living
J. W. House,
Indiana -
Kendall « -
66
Daniel Platt, Sr., -
Lisbon 66
-
66
66
J. R. Bullard, -
New York - S. Carolina 66
Fox
66
66
66
J. M. Bullard, - C. Y. Godard, - . Mrs. Anna Duryea,
New York 66
Bristol
1834
66
J. A. Newell, 1 S. S. Lathrop, -
S. Carolina - Rhode Island
66
66
66
66
Wm. Mulkie,
New York -
Bristol Township -
Lisbon
66
66
Living
Francis Evans, - John Evans,
66
66
66
Living 66
Wm. Hollenback, -
Born here
Ohio
Big Grove Township Kendall Township
66
66
S. Kendall, -
Lisbon
66
66
66 1835 Dead
J. B. Lowry, Jas. S. Cornell, Dr. Calvin Wheeler, J. K. LeBaron,
Kendall
66
66
Removed
L. S. Tomblin, -
Little Rock
Living
S. A. Tomblin, -
66 66
-
66
66
-
Living
66
-
Lisbon
-
-
-
Kendall
66
Seward
66
-
1836
66
G. D. Henning, -
New York -
Little Rock "
66
66
Kentucky -
Lisbon
New York -
66
66
-
66
-
66
66
Mrs. Sarah A. Boyd, O. Havenhill, - Geo. M. Hollenback, N. Preston, -
Kendall Co. Vermont
-
1833|Removed
New York - Seward 66
-
-
-
66
-
-
-
-
66
66 Dead
Dr. G. Kendall,
Massachusetts Ohio -
Fox
66
-
-
66
E. Prickett, -
66
66
Saml. Insche,
Massachusetts Pennsylvania New York - N. Hampshire Massachusetts New York
Bristol
66
Living
66 66
-
66
Dead
-
-
Removed
H. S. Colton, - Geo. W. Edmunds, John Wheeler, - - Mrs. J. B. Roberts, W. L. VanCleve, - Mrs. J. J. Cole, -
66
-
Little Rock "
66
66
New Jersey - Rhode Island
66
66
John Litsey, - Benj. Ricketson, -
66
66
66
Kendall 66
66
Thos. Spencer, -
66
-
Removed
5
North Carolina Little Rock Tp.
-
66
66
Kentucky -
North Carolina Fox Township
66
-
66
West Matlock, -
66
-
-
-
15
HISTORY OF KENDALL COUNTY.
NAMES.
NATIVITY.
PLACE OF SETTLEMENT.
YEAR
REMARKS.
Jesse Jackson, -
Pennsylvania
Fox Township
-
1836 Dead
Jas. C. Shepard, -
Massachusetts
Kendall
-
66
Living
New Jersey -
Seward 66
-
Born here
Kendall 66
-
New York -
Fox
-
1837
66
1
Bristol 66
66
-
-
66
66
J. N. Austin,
66
-
Bristol 66
-
66
66
N. C. Mighell, - - W. W. Marsh, - -
Vermont
-
Little Rock " -
66
66
D. C Shepard, -
Kendall
66
-
66
66
Mrs. Marsh, -
Rhode Island New Jersey - 66
66
60
66
-
-
-
66
Living
George Hay,
New York -
Bristol Township -
66
66
M. W. Lane,
New York 66
-
Na-au-say 66
-
-
-
66
-
Kendall
66
66
66
Mrs. Wm. Thurber, Joab Austin,
66
-
|Fox 66
66
Dead
Dr. T. Seely,
Na-au-say 66
66
Living 66
Jacob Pope,
Kendall 66
1838
Little Rock "
66
66
Lewis Steward, - G. Edgerton,
Big Grove
66
66
S. D. Humiston, - Geo. H. Steward, - Thos. Finnie, .
Pennsylvania' Scotland
Fox
66
66
66
England -
66
66
66
66
Scotland
-
Bristol
66
-
-
Vermont
-
Seward 66
66
66
Thos. Penman,
England - -
Kendall
1839
66 Removed
New York
Kendall
Bristol
66
Removed
Living
Bristol Township
66
-
-
-
Little Rock " -
1840
-
66
66
66
-
66
Yorkville
Lyman Lane,
Connecticut
66
-
66
66 Dead Living
Ralph Gates, -
Maryland ₡ New York -
-
-
New Jersey - Pennsylvania New York - 66
Little Rock "
66
-
-
-
66
66
R. R. Greenfield, - Saml. Greenfield, Sr., Robert McMurtrie, Dr. J. H. T. Brady, S. McCloud,
Born here -
Fox
66
Living
Nick Hollenback, - Lewis Morgan, - - Lyman Childs, - - Mrs. John Wheeler, Dr. Robert Hopkins, Deacon Barnes, H. Abbey,
Scotland New York
Little Rock "
66
Dead Living
H. G. Wilcox, -
-
Big Grove
-
66
66
Massachusetts 66
Bristol 66
-
66
Bristol
66
-
-
66 Removed 66
Mrs. Mollie Cook, - Mrs. Dr. Hopkins, F. A. Emmons, Mrs. Emmons,
66
66
-
Jolın Parker,
Edmund Seely,
G. D. Barrows, -
Big Grove 66
66
-
New York -
Little Rock "
66
66
-
-
-
Massachusetts Born here New York 66
-
66
66
J. L. VanCleve, - Geo. W. Harris, - Jno. Thos. Atherton, Geo. W. Lane, - - Matthew Patterson, Jesse Brady,
66
-
-
66
16
HISTORY OF KENDALL COUNTY.
NAMES.
NATIVITY.
CE OF SETTLEMENT.
YEAR
REMARKS.
James Brady, - -
Virginia - -
Little Rock "
1840 Living
Owen Lathrop, -
Born here
66
-
Marcus Steward, -
Pennsylvania Massachusetts New York - 66
Little Rock "
-
1842
66
David Springer,
New Jersey - 66
Kendall
66
66
S. W. Brown, -
Pennsylvania New York -
Bristol
66
66
66
J. C. Scofield, - Mrs. VanDyke, Wm. Grimwood, -
England - Vermont
Na-au-say
66
66
Fred. Coffin,
New York
Oswego
66
66
66
J. P. Jones, -
66
Big Grove
66
66
66
Lott Scofield,
66
-
Germany
-
Bristol
66
-
66
66
New York -
Big Grove
-
66
66
New York -
Fox
...
66
66
Pennsylvania
Little Rock "
66
1845
New York -
Big Grove
66
66
W. T. Burgess,
F. W. Henry,
New Jersey
Kendall
66
-
1846
66
J. L. Cavency, -
New York
Little Rock
-
66
- W. T. Kendrick, A. K. Wheeler, John Wheeler, - -
Vermont 66
-
Na-au-say 66
66
66
66
J. McKanna, -
New York
Seward
Bristol
1847
66
D. Haigh,
England - -
Bristol
66
66
Geo. Parker,
Canada -
-
Oswego
66
66
N. B. Worsley, - -
Rhode Island
Lisbon
-
1848
66
A. J. Shepard, - -
Massachusetts
Kendall
66
66
-
66
66
S. Marcy, - J. U. Cooper, C. Stevens, -
Vermont
66
66
Elbert Marcy, - L. Walker, - David Brown, - Simeon Brown,
Massachusetts
Oswego
66
66
66
66
66
66
-
66
66
66
-
66
66
D. P. Gillam, Matthew Budd,
-
Fox
66
Dead
E. S. L. Richardson,
Oswego Township
Living
W. W. Winn, -
D. H. Shonts, -
Fox
66
-
1843 Dead
66
Seward
Bristol
Living
O. C. Johnson,
1844
66
A. Compton,
Lisbon
66
-
Chas. Vogel, B. S. Knox, -
Pennsylvania
Little Rock "
Removed Living
66
J. P. Roberts, - A. Waite,
Vermont
-
66
C. R. Cook, - -
Lewis Rickard, -
17
HISTORY OF KENDALL COUNTY.
The following also came before the year 1840, the exact year we have not been able to ascertain.
NAMES.
NATIVITY.
PLACE OF SETTLEMENT.
REMARKS.
B. F. Alden and wife, -
/
Bristol Township
L. W. Page, -
New York -
66 66
Mrs. R. C. Richardson, - George W. Kellogg,
Massachusetts Vermont -
Na-au-say
66
-
William Hoze,
Oswego
66 -
Mr. Beecher,
Na-au-say
66
66
J. J. Gromis and wife, -
Oswego
-
ORGANIZATION.
Kendall County was so named from Amos Kendall, who was Post- master General under General Jackson. The county was organized in the year 1841, from three townships of Kane County and six townships of LaSalle County, and was under the control of a board of commissioners elected each year, (the first of which met and organized April 28, 1841) together with three probate justices of the peace, viz. : Royal Bullard, Norman Dodge, and Almon Ives. .
The township organizations were adopted in the year 1849, when a Board of Supervisors, one from each township, was elected, in whom the control of the county was vested. The first Board met on May 22, 1850, composed of E. Morgan, Oswego Township ; James McCellarn, Bristol Township ; Archibald Sears, Little Rock Township ; Thomas Finnie, Fox Township ; J. K. LeBaron, Kendall Township ; William D. Townsend, Na-au-say Township ; A. Jordan, Franklin Township ; H. Moore, Lisbon Township ; and H. G. Wilcox, Big Grove Township.
The county contains an area of three hundred and twenty-one square miles, of which one-sixth is wooded, and the remainder prairie.
It is watered by the Fox River, which traverses the northern and northwestern portions of the county, and by many large creeks. The general character of the surface of the country is that of an undulating prairie, with the timbered portion either in isolated groves or skirting the principal streams. Sloughs, or flat, damp meadows, frequently oc- cupy the hollow between the high, rolling prairies, but are not often of any considerable extent.
The soil of the timbered tracts is generally light-colored, some times sandy or gravelly clay. On the prairies the soil is mainly a dark-colored mold. The depth of this soil varies from one to three feet.
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