Counties of Cumberland, Jasper and Richland, Illinois. Historical and biographical, Part 1

Author:
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Chicago : F. A. Battey & Co.
Number of Pages: 860


USA > Illinois > Cumberland County > Counties of Cumberland, Jasper and Richland, Illinois. Historical and biographical > Part 1
USA > Illinois > Richland County > Counties of Cumberland, Jasper and Richland, Illinois. Historical and biographical > Part 1
USA > Illinois > Jasper County > Counties of Cumberland, Jasper and Richland, Illinois. Historical and biographical > Part 1


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u


LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN


977.373 B32c


I . H. S.


-


COUNTIES


Cumberland, Jasper and Richland, OF


ILLINOIS.


HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL.


ILLUSTRATED.


CHICAGO: F. A. BATTEY & CO. 1884.


OTTAWAY PRINTING COMPANY, 54 and 56 Franklin Street, Chicago,


977.375 B32C


Illinois Hist ENein


3


PREFACE.


T! "HIS volume goes forth to our patrons the result of months of arduous, unremitting and conscientious labor. None so well know as those who have been associated with us the almost insurmountable difficulties to be met with in the preparation of a work of this character. Since the inaug- uration of the enterprise a large force has been employed in gathering material. During this time most of the citizens of three counties have been called upon to contribute from their recollections, carefully preserved let- ters, seraps of manuscript. printed fragments, memoranda, etc. Public records and semi-official documents have been searched, the newspaper files of the county have been overhauled, and former citizens, now living out of the counties, have been corresponded with, for the verification of the information by a conference with many. In gathering from these numerous sources, both for the historical and biographical departments. the conflicting statements. the discrepancies and the fallible and incom- plete nature of public documents, were almost appalling to our historians and biographers, who were expected to weave therefrom with some degree of accuracy, in panoramic review, a record of events. Members of the same families disagree as to the spelling of the family name, contradict each other's statements as to the dates of birthi, of settlement in the coun- ties, nativity, and other matters of fact. In this entangled condition, we have given preference to the preponderance of authority, and while we acknowledge the existence of errors and our inability to furnish a perfect history, we claim to have come up to the standard of our promises, and given as accurate a work as the nature of the surroundings would permit. The facts incorporated in the biographical sketches have in most cases been secured from the persons whom they represent, hence the publishers disclaim any responsibility as to their general tenor. Whatever may be the verdict of those who do not and will not comprehend the difficulties to be met with, we feel assured that all just and thoughtful people will appre- ciate our efforts, and recognize the importance of the undertaking and the great public benefit that has been accomplished in preserving the val- uable historical matters of the counties, and biographies of many of their citizens, that perhaps would otherwise have passed into oblivion. To those who have given us their support and encouragement we acknowledge our gratitude, and can assure them that as years go by the book will grow in value as a repository not only of pleasing reading matter, but of treasured information of the past that will become an enduring monument.


THE PUBLISHERS.


APRIL, 1884. B5475


CONTENTS.


PART I.


HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.


PAGE.


PAGI.


American Settlements


59


Early Explorations 220


Black Hawk and the Black Ilawk War 73


English Explorations and Settlements 34


Discovery of the Ohio River.


32


Geographical Position ... 19


Division of the Northwest Territory 65


Tecumseh and the War of 1812


ILLUSTRATIONS.


PAGE.


PAGE.


Black Hawk, Sac Chieftain


74


Niagara Falls 92


Buffalo Hunt.


26


Perry's Monument 91


High Bridge.


33


Pioneer Dwelling 60


Indians attacking Frontiersmen


55


Pontiac, Ottawa Chieftain 42


Indians attacking a Stockade


71


Present Site of Lake St. Bridge, Chicago, 1883 58


Lake Binff.


62


Source of the Mississippi.


La Salle Landing on the Shores of Green Bay


Tecumseh, Shawanoe Chieftain.


Month of the Mississippi ..


31


Trapping.


CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES AND ITS AMENDMENTS


PART II.


HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.


PAGE.


PAGE.


ORGANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT. 91


104


Surveyors. County ..


148


Churches


170


Swamp Lands. 104


Clerks, Circuit.


146


Topography.


Clerks, County ..


147


Commissioners, County


142


County's Name, Origin of the.


9€


WAR RECORD. 176


Cavalry, Fifth 199


Infantry, Twenty-First.


181


Infantry, Fifty-Ninth 18-4


Infantry, Sixty-First. 196


Infantry, Sixty-Second. 199


Industries and Experiences of Settlers


110


Judges, County


147


Jurors, First.


140


Muterial Resources


102


Minor Divisions.


130


VILLAGES OF THE COUNTY 201


Bradbury


223


Origin of the County


91


Centerville


Diona. 223


Press and Politics 167


136


Hazel Dell


Public Buildings


151


Janesville


Jewett. 211


School Superintendents. 118


Jolmustown


210


Secret Organizations.


175


Neoga


219


Sheriffs, County 146


Rainsburg.


Toledo. 219


Social Development. 148


10-1


Woodbury 210


Stock Raising, etc


110


Early Settlers


109


Fair Association


99


Geology


Horticulture, etc. 104


Infantry, Ninety-Seventh 187


Infantry, One Hundred and Twenty-Third 188


Infantry, One Hundred and Thirty-Fifth 192


Officials, County


1.42


Political Organization


123


Greenup. 2201


Court, County


142


Courts, First


140


Supervisors, Board of 149


Agriculture, etc.


Treasurers, County 142


Railroads


Schools. 173


vi


CONTENTS


HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY .- Continued.


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCILES.


PAGE.


PAGE.


Cottonwood Township.


299


Sumpter Township.


Crooked Creek Township


284


Toledo City.


Greenup Township.


218


Union Township.


346


Neoga Township ..


322


Woodbury Township


363


Spring Point Township


365


PORTRAITS.


PAGE.


PAGE.


Albin, George W


125


Neal, David.


143


Green, David B


161


Voris, Franklin D.


197


Ilanker, Charles


215


Votaw, Mahlon.


107


Mouohon. Gershom


179


PART III.


HISTORY OF JASPER COUNTY.


PAGE.


PAGE.


ORGANIZATION AND CONDITION 367


Travel, Early.


431


Agriculture


378


JASPER COUNTY IN THE WAR


459


Fair Association


381


Cavalry, Fifth


.474


Geology


373


Infantry, Eighth


400


Material Resources


Infantry, Eleventh


463


Name, Origin of.


369


Infantry, Twenty-First 465


Settlement, Early


382


Infantry, Thirty-Eighth


468


Swamp Lands.


378


Infantry, Forty-Sixth


Infantry, One Hundred and Thirtieth


Acts of County Commissioners


394


Attorneys, State's ..


426


Charities, County


418


Advance 491


Bogota


191


Boos Station


491


Brockville


48%


Court House ....


.113


Buena Vista 487


Centerville 482


488


Officials, Connty.


422


Embarrassville


489


Public Buildings


413


Falmouth


491


School Commissioners


26


Franklin


458


Sheriffs, County.


425


Grandville


487 48%


Haysville.


489


Townships ..


125


Hunt City


490


Voting Precincts


127


Latona


491


Benevolent Societies


155


List


191


Bridges


434


Mount Sidney


4.88


Ferries ..


434


Newton.


47%


Moder of Life, Early


Plaintield


481


Press and Politics.


4444


Pleasant Hill


488


Railroads 136


Point Pleasant.


480


Roads, Early 131


Queenstown


48%


Schools, The


451


Rose Hill


189


School Statistics


.155


Saint Marie 481


Settlers, Early


427


West Liberty 488


Societies, Benevolent


155


Wheeler


-191


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.


PAGE.


PAGE.


Crooked Creek Townshlp


527


Saint Marie Township.


576


Fox Township.


Smallwood Township.


561


Grandville Township


552


South Muddy Township 574


Grove Township ....


365


Wade Township .. 490


Newton Village.


492


Willow Hill Township


510


North Muddy Township


571


PORTRAITS.


PAGE.


-


PAGE.


Caldwell, A. Gallatin


11


Picquet, JJoseph


443


Topography. 371


Infantry, One Hundred and Forty-Third


Infantry, One Hundred and Fifty-Fifth .. 473


VILLAGE GROWTH. ...


Circuit Clerks ..


425


Coroners.


426


Courts and Crime


419


Jail, The ..


415


Judge, County


4:26


Constantinople.


Supervisors, County


423


Harrisburg


Surveyors, County


400


Ilidalgo


490


Treasurers, Connty


400


Langdon


489


SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT.


Church, The


449


New Liberty


-1:26


POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 393


vii


CONTENTS.


PART IV.


HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY.


PAGE.


PAGE.


ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION .. 585


Schools, The. 658


Agriculture ..


595


Secret Organizations


667


Agricultural Societies


600


Sheriffs, County 6-10


Agricultural Statistics.


601


Social Development.


641


Geology


589


Superintendent of Schools, County 640


Surveyors, County 640


639


Personal Property.


601


Pioneers. The.


606


Real Estate Statistics


602


Cavalry, Sixth ..


696


Settlement. Early


604


Infantry, Eighth


685


Social Customs, Early


614


Infantry, Sixtieth


~03


Topography. 588


Infantry. Sixty-Third.


POLITICAL ORGANIZATION G18


Infantry, Ninety-Eighth


Churches, The


660


Infantry, One Hundred and Thirtieth 704


Clerks, Circuit


689


Clerks, County


639


Commissioners. County


638


Infantry, One Hundred and Fifty-Fifth 695


Courts and Crimes


63.1


VILLAGE GROWTH 708


Judges, County


640


Claremont. 721


Minor Divisions


619


Dundas


Officials, County


638


Fairview


Press, The


657


Glenwood.


723


Press and Politics


656


Noble .. 718


Public Buildings


626


Railroads


645


Wakefield


Roads, Early


641


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.


PAGE.


PAGE.


Bonpas Township


819


Madison Township


812


Claremont Township


800


Noble Township.


294


Decker Township


808


Olney City and Township. ~24


Denver Township


833


Preston Township.


820


German Township


824


PORTRAITS.


PAGE.


Beck, W. F


681


Spring, Arch


653


Elliott, William


603


St. John, M. M.


635


HIall, H. M.


691


Studer, Henry


Kuster, John


619


Wolf, John 595


Landensberger, F


719


Wright, II. J. B


209


Radcliff, Thomas


699


VIEW.


PAGE.


Residence of I. C. Sands


671


Material Resources 593


Origin of the County


585


Treasurers, County


THE WAR RECORD. 683


Cavalry, Fifth.


705


Infantry. One Hundred and Thirty-Sixth 695


Infantry, One Ilundred and Fifty-Fourth 705


Parkersburg


PAGE.


ON


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.


GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION.


When the Northwestern Territory was ceded to the United States by Virginia in 1784, it embraced only the territory lying between the Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers, and north to the northern limits of the United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the States of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that portion of Minnesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi River. The United States itself at that period extended no farther west than the Mississippi River ; but by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary of the United States was extended to the Rocky Mountains and the Northern Pacific Ocean. The new territory thus added to the National domain, and subsequently opened to settlement, has been called the "New Northwest," in contradistinction from the old "Northwestern Territory."


In comparison with the old Northwest this is a territory of vast magnitude. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles ; being greater in extent than the united areas of all the Middle and Southern States, including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected eleven sovereign States and eight Territories, with an aggregate popula- tion, at the present time, of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one third of the entire population of the United States.


Its lakes are fresh-water seas, and the larger rivers of the continent flow for a thousand miles through its rich alluvial valleys and far- stretching prairies, more acres of which are arable and productive of the highest percentage of the cereals than of any other area of like extent on the globe.


For the last twenty years the increase of population in the North- west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United States.


(19)


20


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.


EARLY EXPLORATIONS.


In the year 1541, DeSoto first saw the Great West in the New World. He, however, penetrated no farther north than the 35th parallel of latitude. The expedition resulted in his death and that of more than half his army, the remainder of whom found their way to Cuba, thence to Spain, in a famished and demoralized condition. DeSoto founded no settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and disheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by DeSoto's defeat. Yet it was more than a century before any adventurer took advantage of these discoveries.


In 1616, four years before the pilgrims " moored their bark on the wild New England shore," Le Caron, a French Franciscan, had pene- trated through the Iroquois and Wyandots (Hurons) to the streams which run into Lake Huron ; and in 1634, two Jesuit missionaries founded the first mission among the lake tribes. It was just one hundred years from the discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto (1541) until the Canadian envoys met the savage nations of the Northwest at the Falls of St. Mary, below the outlet of Lake Superior. This visit led to no permanent result ; yet it was not until 1659 that any of the adventurous fur traders attempted to spend a Winter in the frozen wilds about the great lakes, nor was it until 1660 that a station was established upon their borders by Mesnard, who perished in the woods a few months after. In 1665, Claude Allouez built the earliest lasting habitation of the white man among the Indians of the Northwest. In 1668, Claude Dablon and James Marquette founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary, and two years afterward, Nicholas Perrot, as agent for M. Talon, Governor Gen- eral of Canada, explored Lake Illinois (Michigan) as far south as the present City of Chicago, and invited the Indian nations to meet him at a grand council at Sault Ste. Marie the following Spring, where they were taken under the protection of the king, and formal possession was taken of the Northwest. This same year Marquette established a mission at Point St. Ignatius, where was founded the old town of Michillimackinac.


During M. Talon's explorations and Marquette's residence at St. Ignatius, they learned of a great river away to the west, and fancied -as all others did then-that upon its fertile banks whole tribes of God's children resided, to whom the sound of the Gospel had never come. Filled with a wish to go and preach to them, and in compliance with a


21


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.


request of M. Talon, who earnestly desired to extend the domain of his king, and to ascertain whether the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico or the Pacific Ocean, Marquette with Joliet, as commander of the expe- dition, prepared for the undertaking.


On the 13th of May, 1673, the explorers, accompanied by five assist- ant French Canadians, set out from Mackinaw on their daring voyage of discovery. The Indians, who gathered to witness their departure, were astonished at the boldness of the undertaking, and endeavored to dissuade them from their purpose by representing the tribes on the Mississippi as exceedingly savage and cruel, and the river itself as full of all sorts of frightful monsters ready to swallow them and their canoes together. But, nothing daunted by these terrific descriptions, Marquette told them he was willing not only to encounter all the perils of the unknown region they were about to explore, but to lay down his life in a cause in which the salvation of souls was involved ; and having prayed together they separated. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, the adventurers entered Green Bay, and passed thence up the Fox River and Lake Winnebago to a village of the Miamis and Kickapoos. Here Mar- quette was delighted to find a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the town ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, which these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to thank him for the pity he had bestowed on them during the Winter in giving them an abundant " chase." This was the farthest outpost to which Dablon and Allouez had extended their missionary labors the year previous. Here Marquette drank mineral waters and was instructed in the secret of a root which cures the bite of the venomous rattlesnake. He assembled the chiefs and old men of the village, and, pointing to Joliet, said : " My friend is an envoy of France, to discover new coun- tries, and I am an ambassador from God to enlighten them with the truths of the Gospel." Two Miami guides were here furnished to conduct them to the Wisconsin River, and they set out from the Indian village on the 10th of June, amidst a great crowd of natives who had assembled to witness their departure into a region where no white man had ever yet ventured. The guides, having conducted them across the portage, returned. The explorers launched their canoes upon the Wisconsin, which they descended to the Mississippi and proceeded down its unknown waters. What emotions must have swelled their breasts as they struck out into the broadening current and became conscious that they were now upon the bosom of the Father of Waters. The mystery was about to be lifted from the long-sought river. The scenery in that locality is beautiful, and on that delightful seventeenth of June must have been clad in all its primeval loveliness as it had been adorned by the hand of


22


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.


Nature. Drifting rapidly, it is said that the bold bluffs on either hand "reminded them of the castled shores of their own beautiful rivers of France." By-and-by, as they drifted along, great herds of buffalo appeared on the banks. On going to the heads of the valley they could see a country of the greatest beauty and fertility, apparently destitute of inhab- itants yet presenting the appearance of extensive manors, under the fas- tidious cultivation of lordly proprietors.


SOURCE OF THE MISSISSIPPI.


On June 25, they went ashore and found some fresh traces of men upon the sand, and a path which led to the prairie. The men remained in the boat, and Marquette and Joliet followed the path till they discovered a village on the banks of a river, and two other villages on a hill, within a half league of the first, inhabited by Indians. They were received most hospitably by these natives, who had never before seen a white person. After remaining a few days they re-embarked and descended the river to about latitude 33°, where they found a village of the Arkansas, and being satisfied that the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, turned their course


23


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.


up the river, and ascending the stream to the mouth of the Illinois, rowed up that stream to its source, and procured guides from that point to the lakes. "Nowhere on this journey," says Marquette, " did we see such grounds, meadows, woods, stags, buffaloes, decr, wildcats, bustards, swans, ducks, parroquets, and even beavers, as on the Illinois River." The party, without loss or injury, reached Green Bay in September, and reported their discovery-one of the most important of the age, but of which no record was preserved save Marquette's, Joliet losing his by the upsetting of his canoe on his way to Quebec. Afterward Marquette returned to the Illinois Indians by their request, and ministered to them until 1675. On the 18th of May, in that year, as he was passing the mouth of a stream-going with his boatmen up Lake Michigan-he asked to land at its mouth and celebrate Mass. Leaving his men with the canoe, he retired a short distance and began his devotions. As much time passed and he did not return, his men went in search of him, and found him upon his knees, dead. He had peacefully passed away while at prayer. He was buried at this spot. Charlevoix, who visited the place fifty years after, found the waters had retreated from the grave, leaving the beloved missionary to repose in peace. The river has since been called Marquette.


While Marquette and his companions were pursuing their labors in the West, two men, differing widely from him and cach other, were pre- paring to follow in his footsteps and perfect the discoveries so well begun by him. These were Robert de La Salle and Louis Hennepin.


After La Salle's return from the discovery of the Ohio River (see the narrative elsewhere), he established himself again among the French trading posts in Canada. Here he mused long upon the pet project of those ages-a short way to China and the East, and was busily planning an expedition up the great lakes, and so across the continent to the Pacific, when Marquette returned from the Mississippi. At once the vigorous mind of LaSalle received from his and his companions' stories the idea that by fol- lowing the Great River northward, or by turning up some of the numerous western tributaries, the object could easily be gained. He applied to Frontenac, Governor General of Canada, and laid before him the plan, dim but gigantic. Frontenac entered warmly into his plans, and saw that LaSalle's idea to connect the great lakes by a chain of forts with the Gulf of Mexico would bind the country so wonderfully together, give un- measured power to France, and glory to himself, under whose adminis- tration he earnestly hoped all would be realized.


LaSalle now repaired to France, laid his plans before the King, who warmly approved of them, and made him a Chevalier. He also received from all the noblemen the warmest wishes for his success. The Chev-


24


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.


alier returned to Canada, and busily entered upon his work. He at once rebuilt Fort Frontenac and constructed the first ship to sail on these fresh-water seas. On the 7th of August, 1679, having been joined by Hennepin, he began his voyage in the Griffin up Lake Erie. He passed over this lake, through the straits beyond, up Lake St. Clair and into Huron. In this lake they encountered heavy storms. They were some time at Michillimackinac, where LaSalle founded a fort, and passed on to Green Bay, the " Baie des Puans" of the French, where he found a large quantity of furs collected for him. He loaded the Griffin with these, and placing her under the care of a pilot and fourteen sailors,


LA SALLE LANDING ON THE SHORE OF GREEN BAY.


started her on her return voyage. The vessel was never afterward heard of. He remained about these parts until early in the Winter, when, hear- ing nothing from the Griffin, he collected all the men-thirty working men and three monks-and started again upon his great undertaking.


By a short portage they passed to the Illinois or Kankakee, called by the Indians, "Theakeke," wolf, because of the tribes of Indians called by that name, commonly known as the Mahingans, dwelling there. The French pronounced it Kiakiki, which became corrupted to Kankakee. "Falling down the said river by casy journeys, the better to observe the country," about the last of December they reached a village of the Illi- nois Indians, containing some five hundred cabins, but at that moment


25


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.


no inhabitants. The Seur de LaSalle being in want of some breadstuffs, took advantage of the absence of the Indians to help himself to a suffi- ciency of maize, large quantities of which he found concealed in holes under the wigwams. This village was situated near the present village of Utica in LaSalle County, Illinois. The corn being securely stored, the voyagers again betook themselves to the stream, and toward evening, on the 4th day of January, 1680, they came into a lake which must have been the lake of Peoria. This was called by the Indians Pim-i-te-wi, that is, a place where there are many fat beasts. Here the natives were met with in large numbers, but they were gentle and kind, and having spent some time with them, LaSalle determined to erect another fort in that place, for he had heard rumors that some of the adjoining tribes were trying to disturb the good feeling which existed, and some of his men were disposed to complain, owing to the hardships and perils of the travel. He called this fort " Crevecœur " (broken-heart), a name expressive of the very natural sorrow and anxiety which the pretty certain loss of his ship, Griffin, and his consequent impoverishment, the danger of hostility on the part of the Indians, and of mutiny among his own men, might well cause him. His fears were not entirely groundless. At one time poison was placed in his food, but fortunately was discovered.


While building this fort, the Winter wore away, the prairies began to look green, and LaSalle, despairing of any reinforcements, concluded to return to Canada, raise new means and new men, and embark anew in the enterprise. For this purpose he made Hennepin the leader of a party to explore the head waters of the Mississippi, and he set out on his jour- ney. This journey was accomplished with the aid of a few persons, and was successfully made, though over an almost unknown route, and in a bad season of the year. He safely reached Canada, and set out again for the object of his search.


Hennepin and his party left Fort Crevecœur on the last of February, 1680. When LaSalle reached this place on his return expedition, he found the fort entirely deserted, and he was obliged to return again to Canada. He embarked the third time, and succeeded. Seven days after leaving the fort, Hennepin reached the Mississippi, and paddling up the icy stream as best he could, reached no higher than the Wisconsin River by the 11th of April. Here he and his followers were taken prisoners by a band of Northern Indians, who treated them with great kindness. Hen- nepin's comrades were Anthony Auguel and Michael Ako. On this voy- age they found several beautiful lakes, and " saw some charming prairies." Their captors were the Isaute or Sauteurs, Chippewas, a tribe of the Sioux nation, who took them up the river until about the first of May, when they reached some falls, which Hennepin christened Falls of St. Anthony




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