USA > Illinois > Monroe County > Prairie farmer's directory of St. Clair and Monroe counties, Illinois 1919 > Part 1
USA > Illinois > St Clair County > Prairie farmer's directory of St. Clair and Monroe counties, Illinois 1919 > Part 1
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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33
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GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01071 0140
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013
http://archive.org/details/prairiefarmersdi00unse 1
TORY
PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY
FARMERS and BREEDERS
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St. Clair and Monroe Counties, Illinois
HIN " C
Published By ">PRAIRIE FARMER-Chicago America's Oldest and Best Farm Paper
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10.741
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PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY
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"BELLEVILLE'S LARGEST ·
& OLDEST BANK"
TOTAL RESOURCES OVER "FOUR MILLION"
CMa.
"Under U. S. Government Protection"
Over Sixty Years of Efficient and Honest Service that reflects itself in the appreciation of the People of this Community has made our Bank the Leading Bank in Southern Illinois in all Branches of Banking and Financial Service Features, which include :
Safe Deposit Department with Insurance Protection; Savings and Time Deposits drawing 3% Interest; Bond Department-sells High Grade Bond In- vestments; Real Estate Loan Department sells approved Mortgage Loans.
"MEMBER FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM"
Belleville Savings Bank Belleville, Illinois
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FARMERS AND BREEDERS, ST. CLAIR AND MONROE COUNTIES
Che Belleville news-Democrat
· DAILY AND SEMI-WEEKLY
FRED. J. KERN, Editor and Publisher
$19,000,000.00
WIDE-AWAKE UP-TO-THE-MINUTE NEWSPAPER
IT COVERS ALL OF THE HAPPENINGS IN ST. CLAIR COUNTY, OUR STATE, OUR NATION AND THE WORLD. IF OUR DAILY IS TOO BIG, TRY THE SEMI-WEEKLY, MANY FARMERS PREFER IT.
THE DAILY IS FOUR DOLLARS A YEAR. THE SEMI- WEEKLY TWO DOLLARS A YEAR. ALL FRAC- TIONAL PARTS OF A YEAR IN PRO- PORTION
UP-TO-DATE JOB PRINTING DEPARTMENT, EQUIPPED WITH THE LATEST TYPE FACES AND MODERN MACHINERY
WE BOOST FOR THE FARM. WE PAY ESPECIAL ATTEN- TION TO FARM NEWS AND THE LATEST AND MOST ACCURATE MARKET REPORTS
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PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY
THE NATIONAL STOCK YARDS NATIONAL BANK
NATIONAL STOCK YARDS, ILLINOIS
RESOURCES $19,000,000.00
To the Farmers of St. Clair and Monroe Counties:
Fully appreciating the close relationship between the Agricultural and Banking interests of a community, we wish to call your attention to the fact that in the whole state of Illinois, the Farmer has no better Banking facili- ties than those afforded by the Banks of St. Clair and Monroe Counties.
ERCHER
GET THE BANKING HABIT OPEN A BANK ACCOUNT CONSULT YOUR LOCAL BANKER ON SAFE INVESTMENTS
When your business calls you to the National Stock Yards, make it a point to call on us.
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FARMERS AND BREEDERS, ST. CLAIR AND MONROE COUNTIES
A POOR FARM
Nobody wants a poor farm, and nobody needs to keep a poor farm. It is up to the owner to have a good one. A poor one can be made rich with proper care, and that includes the keeping of more live stock. Cattle, hogs and sheep do not quit with making the farm rich. Give them a good chance and they will pay off the mortgage. A good chance, means good care and wise marketing. You give them the care, send them to us and we will do the rest. We have studied market conditions for years. It's our business. We have time for small bunches as well as car load lots. Let us hear from you.
HANNA & HARRISON
Live Stock Commission Merchants NATIONAL STOCK YARDS, ILL.
Bell, Olive 4548
Kinloch Central 1802
KAERCHER SEED CO.
GARDEN, GRASS AND FIELD SEEDS
WE SPECIALIZE IN HIGH GRADE SEEDS
WE HANDLE EVERYTHING IN THE SEED LINE THAT YOU WILL NEED.
If you have Clover Seed to sell, send us samples, and we will quote you.
708-710 N. FOURTH ST.
ST. LOUIS, MO.
5
MSAR 9009
PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY
terrial Bank
HUGH MURPHY, Cashier
CO-PARTNERS:
JOS. W. RICKERT M. SCHORR
D. M. HARBY GEO. W. ZIEBOLD
H. QUERNHEIM
THE OLDEST BANK
:: IN THE COUNTY ::
ESTABLISHED IN 1882
Pursues a straight forward, legitimate banking business. Back of the assets of this bank is a board of directors whose names are a guarantee of financial stability and conservative methods. This means that the interests of depositors are always the first considera- tion. Your money here is therefore absolutely safe at all times. Open an account to-day.
In the Insurance department your property is protected by responsible companies. One of which is the Dubuque Fire & Marine Ins. Co., of Dubuque, Iowa, managed by Mr. Fred G. Rapp of Columbia, Illinois, who adjusts all losses personally and promptly.
WATERLOO - - ILLINOIS
6
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FARMERS AND BREEDERS, ST. CLAIR AND MONROE COUNTIES
Jutromartin
I' 'N this directory we have endeavored to give the farmers of St. Clair and Monroe counties a complete and reliable directory of the farmers, breeders and merchants of the two counties, with such other information as will make the directory a valuable reference book.
The task of calling on every farmer in a county and collect- ing the information for such a directory is a tremendous one. We have received splendid co-operation from the farmers and business men of the counties, without which the publication of such a directory would be impossible. In a very few cases we have found farmers unwilling to give the information requested, which accounts for a few names that do not appear.
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A few mistakes are bound to occur in a directory that in- volves so large an amount of work, but we have spared no effort nor expense to make the information complete and accurate, and believe that the mistakes are very few.
We want to speak a word of appreciation for the advertisers whose liberal support has helped materially to bear the heavy expense of publishing this directory, and ask that you favor them with your patronage whenever possible.
We hope and believe that the publication of this directory will be a real service to the farmers of St. Clair and Monroe counties and in line with PRAIRIE FARMER's policy of service to the farmers of Illlinois. We hope that the increased circulation of PRAIRIE FARMER in St. Clair and Monroe counties, which has resulted, will help in the movement for better farming, better farm living, and more prosperity for the counties, and that our many new friends will become permanent members of the big PRAIRIE FARMER family.
BURRIDGE D. BUTLER,
Publisher, Prairie Farmer.
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ΑΔΕΡΚΟ ΑΓΑΕΓΙΝΕΤΟΥ
PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY
THE EMBLEM OF
Q U A
HARV ESTER
L I T Y
SERVICE
To you, real service means being able to get what you need when you need it-what you want when you want it-correct information when you request it. All this we are able to do, and do furnish our cus- tomers through our dealer, sales and expert organiza- tion.
REACHES YOUR VERY DOOR
Being centrally located, our service is readily accessible to every farmer of St. Clair and Monroe counties.
This is the only kind of service that is worth while,'be- cause it means dollars and cents to you. Make sure
. that the emblem of this service-the I H C trade mark -appears on your next farm machine.
International Harvester Co. of America
EAST ST. LOUIS, ILLINOIS
8
3 BHT
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HOOG YAAV AUOY 231-DAJA
FARMERS AND BREEDERS, ST. CLAIR AND MONROE COUNTIES
WALTER P. TISCH MONUMENT CO.
1
WE ARE EQUIPPED TO GIVE FIRST CLASS SERVICE
MONUMENTS
BUILT FROM THE ROUGH GRANITE ELIMINATING THE
1
MIDDLEMAN'S PROFIT
COME IN AND SEE OUR FACILITIES FOR HIGH CLASS WORK, AND LET US SHOW YOU HOW YOUR LOT CAN BE IMPROVED BY AN ARTISTIC MEMORIAL.
Both Phones.
THIRD AND A STREETS
BELLEVILLE - -
- ILLINOIS
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HOBIT A SETJAW
аТИЗМЦИОМ
PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY
Southern Illinois National Bank
UNDER JOINT OWNERSHIP WITH Southern Illinois Trust Company
EAST ST. LOUIS ILLINOIS
BROADWAY
CAPITAL, SURPLUS AND PROFITS $ 494,000.00 ASSETS - - -
6,000,000.00 -
OFFICERS C. REEB, President
G. A. MILLER, Vice President
H. H. JOST, Cashier FRED GIESSING, Vice President J. A. HARSZY, Asst. Cashier S. W. RING, Asst. Cashier
B. H. CANBY, Vice President and Counsel P. S. ABT, Secretary and Treasurer W. J. STAILEY, Asst. Secy. and Treas.
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT DEPOSITORY MEMBER OF FEDERAL RESERVE BANK
Letters of Credit Travelers' Cheques
Collections Solicited Foreign Exchange
WE RECEIVE BANKING ACCOUNTS BY MAIL
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FARMERS AND BREEDERS, ST. CLAIR AND MONROE COUNTIES
PRAIRIE FARMER'S DIRECTORY
of
St. Clair and Monroe Counties Illinois
DIRECTORY OF THE FARMERS of St. Clair and Monroe counties, with valuable information about cach farm.
BREEDERS' DIRECTORY, giving full classified list of breeders of purebred livestock 'and poultry. DIRECTORY OF AUTOMOBILE OWNERS, giving list of automobile owners and make of automobilc.
DIRECTORY OF TRACTOR OWNERS, giving list of tractor owners and make of tractor.
Copyright, 1919 By The Prairie Farmer Publishing Company
Compiled and Published by Prairie Farmer Publishing Company Chicago, Illinois
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ЛЯЯ
PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY
1454488
We Have the Largest, Most Complete Line of Hardware, Tools, Auto Supplies, Bicycles, Paints, Oils, Refrigerators, Washing Machines, Stoves, Ranges, Oil Stoves, Poultry Supplies, Lawn Furniture, Sporting Goods, Guns, Rifles, Phono- graphs, Aluminum, China, Glassware, Dairy Supplies, Sewing Machines, Wire' Fencing, Toys of all kinds. Buckeye Incubators, Brooders- 40 day Trial Guarantee.
ST. CLAIR AND QUALITY STOVES AND RANGES
Ranges Blue, Gray and White Eldredge Sewing Machines, Two spools. No Bobbins to wind. 15 days trial.
House Furnishings for Brides
We deliver anywhere
CHINA AND PORCELAIN DINNER SETS .
DALION PHONOGRAPHS with Record Cabinets, 5 styles for $105.00 to $500.00
42-52-82-100 piece sets from $6.00 to $100.00
Hand Painted China. Cut Glass, Etc.
Write or Phone us for Prices
Seibert - Schoepp Hardware Co.
21 West Main Street
BELLEVILLE, ILLINOIS
When in Belleville give us a call-make our store your headquarters
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FARMERS AND BREEDERS, ST. CLAIR AND MONROE COUNTIES
Our House Is the Oldest, Most Reliable
Established 1854 in Farm and Power Machinery
QUALITY AND SERVICE IS OUR MOTTO
J. I. CASE TRACTOR Guaranteed by 27 years of Field . Experience. 3 sizes-10-18, 15-27,, 30-40
THE SILENT ALAMO Farm Electric Light and Power Plant
EMERSON Binders, Mowers, Rakes, Plows, Culti- vators, Harrows, Drills, Spreaders, Engines, Hay Balers, Buggies, Hay Loaders.
J. I. CASE Tractors, Plows, Cultivators, Corn Planters, Harrows, Ensilage Cutters, Hay Balers, Threshers, Steam Engines, Separators.
WEBER-DAMME Wagons, Trucks, Log Wagons, Carts. Peters Pumps, Water Systems for the Farm, Straw Spreaders, Feed Grinders, Shellers, Gas Engines, Saw Mills, Farm Scales, Farm Gates, Wire Field Fence, Silos, Etc.
Sold on a · Money Back Guarantee
Sharples Cream Separator Skims clean at any speed, 15 day Trial Guarantee
Emerson Standard Mower None Better Made
The Mower without a fault
Try one and see
Write us or phone for catalogue and raices Seibert - Schoepp Hardware Co. 21 West Main Street BELLEVILLE, ILLINOIS Have Your Parcels delivered to our store, we will care for them
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PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY
I FIRST NATIONAL BANK
حوج
First National Bank 11
Collinsville, Ill.
CAPITAL, SURPLUS AND PROFITS $130,000.00
We solicit the accounts of Corporations, Firms and Individuals and guarantee to them every courtesy that is consistent with safe banking.
Our Business is conducted along safe and conservative lines, our Officers and Directors are all men of integrity, financial standing and known business ability which insures careful management and guarantees the safety of your funds. We cordially invite a personal interview and assure you courteous treatment at all times.
Our Safe Deposit Vaults are the most modern and protected by the best Burglar Alarm System and in addition we carry Burglary . Insurance on the contents of each Safe Deposit Box.
3% INTEREST PAID ON TIME AND SAVINGS DEPOSITS 3%
Member of Federal Reserve Bank
DIRECTORS Wm. Fletcher, Wm. G. Burroughs, M. G. Peers, Wm. F. Nichaus A. C. Gauen. OFFICERS
Wm. Fletcher, Pres .; Wm. G. Burroughs, Vice Pres .; Wm. L. Kaem- per, Cashier; E. Rosevear, Asst. Cashier; J. B. Schneider, Asst. Cashier.
COURTEOUS - SAFE - CONSERVATIVE
A
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FARMERS AND BREEDERS, ST. CLAIR AND MONROE COUNTIES
Corn Planter Adjustments
By C. O. Reed, University of Illinois, in Prairie Farmer
Not all of our implement troubles are to be found in the plow or in the binder. The corn planter has troubles of its own, and it is the purpose of this article to discuss some of the corn planter principles and troubles that are often misunderstood.
Accuracy in Drop
Some corn growers say that accu- racy of drop is not an important fac- tor with them because two kernels in one hill and four in the next gives an average of three kernels per hill and that is the number desired. The fallacy of this statement is very ap- parent when we stop to consider that in such planting we have not the de- sired three kernels in either hill; and if the soil is three-kernel soil, two kernels per hill are too few while four kernels are too many. The result . is probably a loss in cach hill.
A certain soil may give the best yield with either two, three or four kernels per hill, but after it has been ascertained which number of kernels is best every effort should be made to secure that number in each hill where the soil conditions remain constant. The variable drop devices on planters afford ample opportunity to shift from two to three or from three to four kernels per hill as the soil conditions through the row may demand, but the advisability of permitting inaccuracy in drop from hill to hill is question- able.
The first two requisites for accu- racy in drop arc (a) seed of uniform size, and (b) the selection of the proper seed plate. Hand tipped and butted corn or machine sorted corn will give seed as uniform in shape and size of kernel as is practical, but unsorted seed may be relied upon to cause inaccurate dropping.
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Testing out the planter to make sure that the proper plate is used is to be strongly advocated. Last year's plate may not be the best one for this year's sced, for if there is a slight difference in the average size of ker- nels between the two years, a corre- sponding change may be necessary in
the size of the seed pits in the plate nscd. The following table taken from laboratory tests shows the danger of carelessness in selecting the seed plate. The planter was set to drop three-kernel hills, and the plates "small" and "large" were plates next size smaller and next size larger than the proper or right sized plate found.
Right Small sized Large
plate plate. plate
Per cent of blank hill .. 9.34 .00 .00
Per cent of hills containing 1 kernel .. 29.36 .26 .28
.Per cent of hills containing 2 kernels .37.54 8.66 5.3
Per cent of hills containing
3 kernels .20.48 88.12 81.28
Per cent of hills containins
4' kernels 2.66 2.84 11.48
Per cent of hills containing
5 kernels .62 .12 1.66
These figures tend to show that a slight mistake in plate selection may lead to a direct loss in stand. There may be but a very slight difference between two pairs of plates-so slight perhaps that we can not detect the difference by cye-but a test of the two pairs will quickly show that one of those pairs means a good drop while the other pair is dangerous and its use should be avoided. Testing can be' done when time at the barn permits and will not only mean a sav- ing of time in the field but will also enable the operator to avoid a mis- take before it is too late.
Each operator will have his own method of testing out the planter but he should heed these three rules: (1) Let each test consist of at least 50 or 60 hills; (2) run the planter parts at field speed; (3) do not give up until the best plate is found. Probably the quickest way to test is to run the planter in the farm yard, providing the chickens do not get the corn be- fore we can count it. Rainy day test- ing on the barn floor is a little more troublesome but can be very success- fully accomplished by two persons as follows: Jack the planter up over a blanket stretched tight on the floor so that the furrow openers will be about three inches above the blanket when
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PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY
the depth lever is thrown forward. One man can then turn the drive wheel, trip the check arm and call out the number of kernels dropped, while the second person records the count. After each hill is dropped the kernels are brushed away by foot of the man turning the drive wheel. Glancing at the drop without recording the count simplifies the process but it is not an accurate method and should be avoided when possible.
Accuracy of drop may be secured further by keeping the seed hoppers tt least half full at all times.
Blank Hills at the Ends of Rows
Accuracy of drop depends also to some extent upon the speed of the valve. It sometimes happens that at one end of the row we will happen to stop the team just as the button on the check wire has begun to force the check arm. The valves work so slowly at such a time or stop at such a point that in some planters the seed at the top of the boot drops clear through to the ground instead of bc- ing intercepted at the bottom of the boot. Two hills drop at once, then, and when we have turned around there are no kernels at the lower valve ready for the first hill on the return trip. On some planters we may overcome the difficulty by foot dropping one hill while the team is turning. On other planters the only remedy is to stop sooner at the end of the row or to drive ahead at usual speed until the wire has released the check arm.
Accuracy in Check
Considerable attention is usually given to securing accurate checking,
but a word regarding the adjustment will not be amiss. Accurate checking means possibility of closer cultivation and less loss by cultivating out hills. The manufacturer has found that un- der usual conditions the check wire .will travel from one to three inches across the field, and inasmuch as the slack will always be ahead of the machine, he designs his planter to drop the hill at a distance behind the button cqual to one-half the travel. On the return trip the hill is again dropped behind the button and thus the hills should check in spite of the wire travel. It can readily be seen then that if our shocs or furrow openers are dropping nearer to or farther away from the button than half the wire travel, our system for securing good checking will be materially interfered with and adjustments must be made at A in Fig. 1.
This tongue adjustment will vary on the different makes of planters. On some it is at the rear end of the tongue, but it will be found on all the popular makes. As a rule the front frame of the planter should be run level, and it can be so run with a properly drawn check 'wire. But different ten- sions on the wire drawn by different drivers may necessitate throwing the front frame slightly ont of a horizon- tal position. If the planter drops too close to the button, make such tongue adjustment as will drop the furrow openers back a little toward the wheels. To some extent tightening the check wire will accomplish the same result in the check. Forcing the furrow open- crs a little ahcad by means of the tongue adjustment will cause the hill
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Fig. 1. Tongue Adjustment to Secure Accurate Checking
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FARMERS AND BREEDERS, ST. CLAIR AND MONROE COUNTIES
A
B.
A Spread Check Fork May Cause Stringing
to be dropped a little close to the but- ton, or having the check wire a little more slack will have the same result in the check. In testing for accuracy of check by digging up hills, select hills pretty close behind the planter. Ad- justing the neckyoke straps will also affect the check. The adjustment shown in Fig. 1 is also a means of maintaining a good check when differ- ent heights of teams are used and which the difference cannot be compensated for by adjusting the neckvoke straps.
Uniform tension in the check wire must be maintained if accurate check- ing is to result. Some drivers even go. so far as to make allowance for the expansion and contraction of the check wire due to varying temperature from day to day, but this is getting too par-
. ticular to be practical. It is practical, however, where planting is being done up and down a slope, to pull the wire tighter when setting the high stake.
.
Uniform Depth of Planting
In planting over a rough field, a more uniform depth can often be se- cured by floating the furrow openers, but when this is done the operator should keep the openers under foot control so that the shoes may be forced to their depth in dry spots and kept from planting too deep in moist, soft spots. There are a number of shoc gauges now on the market which attach to shocs to insure uniform depth when floating is desirable. Such attachments should prove valuable if properly used where the conditions demand. String- ing of the hill may be caused by .(a) dirt in the boot, and (b) by a spread check arm. Trouble from the first cause will probably be due to the team having set back on the planter while the shoes were still in the ground. Clean out the boot bottom thoroughly and the rest of the remedy is obvious.
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PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY
Trouble (b) is less casily detected. If the check arm is spread as is shown at B in Fig. 2, the wire button will let go of the check arm before the valves have been forced wide open, to the re- sult that the kernels will be strung out in the row rather than being dropped well together. By means of a ham- mer, drive the arm halves together to their original position, but in so doing care must be taken not to get the halves so closely together that binding of the wire will result. The check arm halves can be left straight as shown at A in Fig. 2. Some opera- tors find that stringing is due to a bad- ly worn shoc. If this is determined to be the cause, new parts must usually be supplied.
Clutch Troubles
Clutches on the various planters differ so widely in design that no spe- cific rules can be given that would apply to all makes. Failure of the clutch to grip or release can often be overcome by thoroughly cleaning the parts, and if the striking forces are worn round, new parts may have to be secured. On most planters this means but slight expense and a little patience.
Timing the Plate Rims
Breakage may necessitate removal of the rim which drives the plate. This rim is timed with the pinion on the shaft which drives the plates from the clutch, and when the rim is replaced on the machine the "time" must be re- established. If the plate rim is out of time with the pinion, inaccuracy will result because the plate itself will not stop at the proper time.
On some machines the cog teeth of the rim and pinion are so marked or constructed that it is very easy to ascertain the proper relation between the two castings. Before removing the rim the operator should carefully seck any such guides so that he may know just how to replace the parts. If no guide is found on the arm and on · the shaft pinion, make a mark on' cach by means of a cold chisel, and then in replacing parts bring these two marks into the same relation to each other as at first. It sometimes happens that after replacing a rim or adding a new one, it breaks as soon as it revolves. This is due to non-timing.
The question is often asked: "Is the disc furrow opener preferable to the ordinary shoc runner ?" The sin- gle disc opener has better penetration than the shoe and will cut through trash to better advantage, but it throws the soil to one side and cover- ing is made more difficult. The dou- ble disc has less penetrating ability than the single disc, but covering can be more easily accomplished after it.
In hard, thrashy ground, then, the disc opener should prove preferable to the shoe opener, but . in a well pre- pared seed bed, well free from surface trash, the shoe is strongly advocated because of its simplicity. The planter with disc openers cannot be consid- ered a heavy draft implement, but the discs carry bearings which must work in soil and one may always expect trouble with such a combination.
MRS. LENA STEVENSON, MANN
Household Editor of Prairie Farmer
1.
18
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FARMERS AND BREEDERS, ST. CLAIR AND MONROE COUNTIES
Livestock Farmer's Medicine Chest
By Dr. A. S. Alexander, in Prairie Farmer
When a farmer can employ a com- petent graduate veterinarian at rca- sonable expense it always is best to do so, and in all serious cases such expert help should be used even if the expense will be considerable. Un- fortunately it is not, always possible to find such an expert or he may live at such a distance that an ordinary or trivial case will not warrant the cx- pense of his employment, or the near- est veterinarian may not be a properly qualified practitioner, or is one in whom the stockman has no confidence.
For these reasons every owner of animals should keep some simple remedies on hand, and these are nec- essary even on farms where profes- sional assistance can readily be had. It should be understood, however, that the untrained farmer should not attempt the administration of strong poisons, alkaloids and many prepara- tions used hypodermically by a gradu- ate veterinarian. Such preparations are extremely dangerous in the hands of the layman and are liable to do much more harm than good. The trained surgeon also should be de- pended upon for all major operations. A cupboard may be set apart for storing medicines in a cool, dry place and where freezing will not occur in winter. A glass graduate and scales will be necessary for measuring and weighing medicines. Powdered drugs should be kept in tightly closed glass fruit jars and should be plainly labeled. They may soon lose their strength if exposed to the air. Poisons should be kept on a separate part of a shelf partitioned off for the purpose and away from simple, harmless drugs. Ointments, with the exception of fly blister, should be made up fresh at time of use. . Liniment may be pre- pared and kept indefinitely if well corked. .
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