Combined history of Shelby and Moultrie Counties, Illinois : with illustrations descriptive of their scenery and biographical sketches of some of their prominent men and pioneers, Part 9

Author:
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Philadelphia : Brink, McDonough & Co.
Number of Pages: 458

USA > Illinois > Shelby County > Combined history of Shelby and Moultrie Counties, Illinois : with illustrations descriptive of their scenery and biographical sketches of some of their prominent men and pioneers > Part 9
USA > Illinois > Moultrie County > Combined history of Shelby and Moultrie Counties, Illinois : with illustrations descriptive of their scenery and biographical sketches of some of their prominent men and pioneers > Part 9

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make very good coarse grindstones. The limestone found on Sand creek and west of the Kaskaskia river four and five miles north- east of Shelbyville is superior stone for building purposes; it was used in the construction of the Shelbyville railroad bridge. The deep blue argillaccous limestone west of Robinson's creek is very irregularly bedded, and often has too much clay in its composition to be good for anything but rip-rap and use in common culverts.

Sund and Road Material .- Good sand for use in plastering can be procured on Little Wabash and Kaskaskia rivers, on Sand creek, and from some of the drift exposures. The sands and nume- rous pebbles found in the drift of this county are good material, for the building of roads. The city of Shelbyville is particularly for- tunate in having an almost inexhaustible supply of road material conveniently located when she chooses to use it. Good clay for bricks may be found almost anywhere in the county. Limestone good for lime can be procured only on Sand creek and four or five miles above Shelbyville.

Soil and Agriculture .- The soil of most of the northern part of the county is a dark richi loam, and it produces the finest crops of corn to be found in the county, averaging from forty to fifty bushels per acre. South of the Terre Haute railroad and in the south- western part of the county the soil of the flat prairie and timbered lands is thin ; on the mound slopes it is very rich and productive. Near Windsor and south and west for six miles the land, prairie and timbered, is rich. The woodland near Flat branch is all good and capable of producing all the crops raised in this latitude. Good crops of wheat are raised in most of the northern part of the county and on the timbered lands and mound slopes of the southern part. The general average of fall wheat is twenty to twenty-five bushels per acre.

Water .- The people get their supply of water chiefly from wells that vary in depth from 20 feet to 50 feet, the deeper wells being on the hilly lands. Chalybeate springs, some impregnated with sulphur, others quite sweet, are found on the west side of Beck's creek about a mile and a half north of the south county line. In sections 5 and 6, T. 10 N., R. 3 E., there is a fresh water lake, Miantonomah, whose surface is almost on a level with the surround- ing prairie, and which covers an area of several hundred acres. Around its margin are many broad leaf water plants, and an abun- dauce of Cephalanthus occidentalis. Lake Emtah, another quite large body of water, is in section 5, T. 9 N., R. 5 E. In the east suburbs of Shelbyville, inexhaustible veins of water are struck at a depth of from 12 to 15 feet. The geological formations, as exhi- bited in these wells, are found to be very peculiar. At about the depth above indicated, is struck a stratum of quicksand from 5 to 8 feet in thickness, from which pours an abundance of pure, cold sparkling water, which rises in the wells to a height of from 4 to 6 feet. Beneath the quicksand is a bed of hard clay impervious to water. In the central portions of the city water is difficult to find at auy depth, while on the west side of the city it is reached at about the same depth as on the east side.

GEOLOGY OF MOULTRIE COUNTY.

Geologically, the surface of this county, to the unskilled observer, presents a tame and uninteresting appearance ; but to one who can see " books in running streams, and sermons in stones," it is elo- quent in language that thrills his heart, and calls forth his best thoughts. Scattered over some of its surface, lies the boulder drift;

HISTORY OF SHELBY AND MOULTRIE COUNTIES, ILLINOIS.

especially in the more northern tier of townships are occasionally found huge and lesser fragments of rocks, whose parent beds lie hundreds of miles to the north of Lake Superior, and the great eliain of lakes, and which fragments have been ground and trans- ported in the great glaciers from the north east, which plowed over the surface and planed down the rocks, pulverizing and mixing the débris to form the productive soil the present dweller finds at his hand and beneath his feet. Fossils that tell of ocean depths and the processes of creation are found permeating the soil in every locality, but all of them of foreign birth-none of them here in situ. On the bars of the different streams may be found mollusks, inelu- ding Unio zigzag, U. dilatata, Alasmodonta truncats, Melania Pulu- dina, Cyclus, etc.

Topography -The prairies are either nearly flat or gently undu- lating. The timbered land, gradually sloping near the heads of ereeks, beeames more uneven near the main streams. However, there is no extensive traet of broken land. Along the south fork of the Kaskaskia, near the eastern line of the county, the bluffs are often over forty feet high, but for four or five miles down the stream, are not often over twenty feet high, and spread out into white oak flats. Southwest of Sullivan, the hills are sometimes sixty or eighty feet high, but not very abrupt.

Stratigraphical Geology .- The formations in this county consist of the quarternary and limited coal measure outerops. Alluvi"m .- This includes the soil, the loose material, and more recent forma- tion along the streamis. Below Sullivan, the soil on the south fork of the Kaskaskia bottoms is very sandy, and along the streams there are many sandbars. The sandy bottoms are often covered with a growth of Vernonia fascuriala. Prof. Worthen, in his geo- logical report on this county, says that three miles south-east of Sullivan, on land of George Purvis, on the west bank of the Kas- kaskia, he discovered the head of a bison. It measured across the forehead above the eyes twelve inches ; the same between the roots of the horus: the latter were short, thick and slightly curved. The hill above the bank is probably twenty-five feet high; the bank about eight feet high, forming a narrow bench with the hill, of about ten feet in width ; in this beneh or terrace a few feet from the top, the skull and part of the cervical bones were found. The surrounding clay was black rich loam. There were several trees two feet in diameter growing on this terrace.

Drift .- The drift is of great depth in this county. At Sullivan, which is about as high ground as any other part of the county, a well was dug 210 feet, and the following stratum was passed through, as reported by Mr. Patterson, who had charge of the digging :

1. Yellowish clay, 15

2. Green elay, . 10

3. Whitish clay and some gravel, G

4. At 60 feet from top struck a small white sand stone (probably a bonlder), then 21 feet alternations of sand, gravels, red clay, blue clay, ete. At 81 feet, struck a big boulder ; at 110 feet, blue clay, eon- tinuing to 210 feet ; next five feet of quick-sand -- he could go no farther. A strong vein of water came in at 15 feet from the surface, also at 105 feet, another at 180 feet, the last rising to within five feet of the top, but subsided to 15 feet. It has a strong sulphate of iron taste.

The following section of drift was exposed on Whitley's Creek, on land of Daniel Brown :

FT.

1. Soil at top, with a growth of white oak and black hickory ; below brown clay, with a few small pebbles,

2. Mostly blue and brown clay with pebbles, 16

3. Black, spongy stratum, vegetable mold, no pebbles,. 4

4. Buff clay, and brown sands, with talus from above, . 11

Up a ravine about a hundred yards distant is a fine spring of exceedingly clear, pleasant-tasted water, four feet in depth ; bubbles of sulphuretted hydrogen occasionally rise to the surface-no taste of sulphur being perceptible, but a slight odor of it.

In digging for a well on the south fork of Kaskaskia, below the mouth of Whitley Creek, the following stratum was observed :

FT.

1. Soil, local drift, ete., .

2. Blue elay, with a few pebbles, at the lower part a very dark stratum of elay, 8

3. Brown sand and small boulders

4. Blue and brown sand and clay, with some pebbles or boulders 8

5. Very comminuted fine sand beds, some of it concre- tionary

6. Dark, purplish-blue sands

7. Talus of above, with fragments of coa!, ete.

From the appearance of the dark stratum in Nos. 2 and 7, James W. Loomis & Co. have run in a drift for seventy feet in search of a coal bed; but they were unsuccessful. The dark stratum at Daniel Brou's also induced parties to dig in search of coal. better knowledge of geology would have taught them the futility of searching for coal at these places.

Drift boulders of various kinds of metamorphie roeks are often found alone on the prairies, especially in the northern part of the county ; four miles north-east of Sullivan there is a boulder of granite 10x5x8 feet, surrounded only by the black prairie soil ; how deep it is beneath is not known.

ECONOMICAL GEOLOGY.

Coal Measures .- There have been several efforts to find coal in Moultrie county, but they have proved unsuccessful. Near Sulli- van, John Patterson had a well dug 200 feet deep, through drift elays, and struck a soft sandstone, into which he bored 43 feet. This is probably equivalent to No. 1 of the general section of the coal measure rocks spoken of in Shelby county. The top of this rock is probably 140 feet above the Shelby coal (No. 15). On the South Fork of Kaskaskia, two miles above the junction, the follow- ing stratum exists :

FT. IN.

1. Long slope of drift, along which are strown many boulders of various kinds .50

2. Drab sandy shale 5

3. Rough, chocolate-colored limestone 1

4. Olive clay G

5. Red clay

6. Dark olive clay to low water in river

North-west of the above, on the West Fork above the ford, appear tumbled blocks of limestone sticking out of the bank, at a regular elevation above the water in the creek. They are some- what surrounded by a local drift, but apparently above their proper place.

Down the river a few miles, in Shelby county, this limestone, (No. 2 of general section), erops ont in regular layers, 4 feet thick. Prof. Worthen, in his report, says that a shaft would have to be sunk about 330 feet at Sullivan, in order to reach coal No. 15, or probably 850 feet to reach coal No. 7.

HISTORY OF SHELBY AND MOULTRIE COUNTIES, ILLINOIS.

CHAPTER V.

FAUNA OF SHELBY AND MOULTRIE COUNTIES.

HE names, and a carefully prepared list of the animals of a country, state, or county, are always of interest to the inhabitants, especially so to the scientist and student of natural his- tory. After inquiring into the political and civil history of a country, we then turn with pleasure to the investigation of its Natural History, and of the animals which inhabited it prior to the advent of man ; their habits and the means of their subsistence become a study; some were animals of prey, others harmless, and subsisted upon vegetable inatter. The early animals of this portion of the state, ranged over a wide field-and those which inhabited the prairie and timbered regions of the Kaskaskia and Sangamon rivers and their tributaries- differ but very materially as to species.

Of the ruminating animals that were indigenous to this territory, we had the American Elk (Cervus Canadensis), and still have the deer of two kinds; the more common, the well-known American decr (Cervus Virginianus), and the white-tailed Deer (Cervus Leucurus). And at a period not very remote, the American Buffalo (Bos Americanus), must have found pastures near the alluvial and shaded banks of the Sangamon and plains and prairies of this por- tion of the state. The heads, horns and bones of the slain animals were still numerous in 1820. The Black Bear (Ursus Americanus) were quite numerous even in the memory of the older settlers. Bears have been seen in the county within the last thirty years. The Gray Wolf (Canis Occidentalis) and Prairie Wolf (Canis latrans) are not unfrequently found, as is also the Gray Fox (Vulpes Virginianus), which still exists by its superior cunning. The panther (Felis concolor) was occasionally met with in the earlier times, and still later and more common, the Wild Cat (Lynx rufus). The Weasel, one or more species; the Mink (Putorius Vison); American Otter (Lutra Canadensis) ; the Skunk (Mephitis Mephitica) ; the Badger (Taxidea Americana) ; the Raccoon (Pro- cyon Lotor); The Opossum (Didelphys Virginiana). The two latter species of animals are met with in every portion of the United States and the greater part of North America. The coon- skin among the early settlers was regarded as a legal tender. The Bear and Otter are now extinct in the county, and were valuable for their furs. Of the Squirrel family we have the Fox, Gray, Flying, Ground and Prairie Squirrel (Scirus Ludovicanus, Caroli- nensis, Volucella, Striatus and Spermaphilus). The Woodchuck (Arctomys Monax); the common Musk Rat (Fiber Zibethicus). The Bats, Shrews and Moles are common. Of the Muridæ we have the introduced species of Rats and Mice, as also the native Meadow Mouse, and the long-tailed Jumping Mouse (Meriones Labradorus), frequently met with in the clearings. Of the Hare, the (Lupus Sylvaticus) the so-called Rabbit, is very plentiful. Several species of the native animals liave perished, being unable to endure the presence of civilization, or finding the food congenial to their tastes appropriated by stronger races. Many of the pleasures, dangers and excitements of the chase are only known and enjoyed by most of us of the present day through the talk and traditions of the past. The Buffalo and the Elk have passed the borders of the Mississippi to the westward, never more to return.

Of Birds may be mentioned the following :*

Among the Game Birds most sought after are the Meleagris Gallopavo (Wild Turkey), and Cupidonia Cupido (Prairie Hen), which afford excellent sport for the hunter and are quite plentiful ; Pinnated Grouse (Bonasa Umbellus); Ruffled Grouse (Ortyx Virginianus) ; Quail (Philohela Minor); Woodcock, (Gallinago Wilsonii) ; English Snipe, (Macrorhamphus Griseus); Red-breasted Snipe, (Gambetta Melanoleuca); Telltale Snipe, (Gambetta Fla- vipes) ; Yellow-Legs, (Limosa Fedoa) ; Marbled Godwir, (Scolofax Fedoa, Wilson) ; Numenius Longirastris, (Long-billed Curlew) ; Numenius Hudsonicus, (Short-billed Curlew) ; Rallus Virginianus, (Virginia Rail); Cygnus Americanus, (American Swan) ; Cygnus Buccinator, (Trumpeter Swan); Anser Hyperboreus, (Snow Goose) ; Bermicala Canadensis, (Canada Goose); Bermicala Brenta, (Brant); Anas Boschas, (Mallard); Anas Obscura, (Black Duck) ; Dafila Acuta, (Pintail Duck) ; Nettion Carolinensis, (Green winged Teel); Querquedela discors, (Blue-winged Teel) ; Spatula Clypeata, (Sho- veler); Mareca Americana, (American Widgeon) ; Aix Sponsa, (Summer, or Wood.Duck); Aythaya Americana, (Red-head Duck) ; Aythaya Vallisneria, (Canvass-back Duck); Bucephala Albeola, (Butter Ball) ; Lophodytes Cucculatus, (Hooded Mergan- ser); (Pelecanus erythrorhynchus), Rough-billed Pelican ; Colym- bus torquatus), The Loon ; (Aegialitis vociferus), Killdeer Plover ; Ball Head, Yellow-legged and upland Plover ; (Tantalus loculator), Wild Ibis, very rarely visit this locality ; (Herodus egretta), White Heron ; (Ardea Herodus), Great Blue Heron ; (Botaurus lentigi- nosus), Bittern ; (Grus Canadensis), Sand Hill Crane ; (Ectopistes migratoria), Wild Pigeon; (Zenaidura Carolinensis), Common Dove; (Corvus carnivorus), American Raven; (Corvus Ameri- canus), Common Crow ; (Cyanurus cristatus), Blue Jay ; (Doli- chonyx oryzivorus), Bobo'link ; (Agelaius phoenicians), Red-winged Black Bird ; (Sturella magna), Meadow Lark ; (Icterus Baltimore), Goldeu Oriole; (Chrysometris tristis), Yellow Bird; Junco hye- malis), Snow Bird; (Spizella Socialis), Chipping Sparrrow ; (Spi- zella pusilla), Field Sparrow; (Melospiza palustris), Swamp Spar- row; (Cyanospiza cyanea), Indigo Bird; (Cardinalis Virginianus), Cardinal Red Bird ; (Pipilo erythrophthalmus), Cheewink ; (Sitta Carolinensis), White-bellied Nuthatch; (Mimus polygolottus), Mocking Bird; (Minus Carolinensis), Cat Bird ; (Harphorhynchus rufus), Brown Thrush ; (Troglodytes ædon), House Wren ; (Hirundo horreorum), Barn Swallow; (Cotyle riparia), Bank Swallow ; (Progne purpurea), Blue Martin ; (Amipellis cedrorum), Cedar Bird; (Pyrangra rubra), Scarlet Tanager; (Pyrangra astiva), Summer Red Bird ; (Tardus migratorius), Robin, came less than forty years ago. (Sialia Sialis), Blue Bird ; (Tyrannus Carolinensis), King Bird; (Sayornis fuscus), Pewee; (Ceryle alcyon), Belted Kingfisher ; Antrostomus vociferus), Whippoorwill ; Chardeiles popetue), Night Hawk; (Chatura pelasgia), Chimney Swallow ; (Trochilus colubris), Ruby-throated Humming Bird ; (Picus villo. sus), Hairy Woodpecker ; (Picus pubescens), Downy Woodpecker ; (Melanerpes erythrocephalus), Red-headed Woodpecker ; (Colaptes auratus), Golden-Winged Woodpecker; (Conurus Carolinensis), Carolina Parrot; (Bubo Virginianus), Great Horned Owl; Syrnium nebulosum), Barred Owl; (Nyctea nivea), Snowy Owl; (Cathartes aura), Turkey Buzzard; (Falco columbarium), Pigeon Hawk ; (Nauclerus furcatus), Swallow-tailed Hawk; (Icteria Mississippi- ensis), Mississippi Kite; (Buteo borealis), Red-tailed Hawk, (Ha- liatus leucocephalus), Bald Eagle; (Falco fulvius), Ring-tailed Eagle.

* In the preceding mention of animals, both the scientific and common names are generally given for the convenience of the reader.

HISTORY OF SHELBY AND MOULTRIE COUNTIES, ILLINOIS.

We give the following classification of birds into three divisions, as found in the " Transactions of the Illinois State Horticultural Society " of 1876.

1st. Those of the greatest value to the fruit-growers, in destroying noxious inseets, and which should be encouraged and fostered in .

every way.

Blue Birds, Tit-mice or Chieadees, Warblers, (small summer birds with pleasant notes, seen in trees and gardens), Swallows, Vuros, (small birds ealled green necks). All birds known as Woodpeckers except sap-suckers, (Picus varius). This bird is en- tirely injurious, as it is not inseetivorous, but feeds ou the inner bark, cumbium (and the elaborated sap) of many species of trees, and may be known from other Woodpeckers, by its belly being yellowish, a large black patch on its breast, and the top of its head a dark bright red. The male have also a patch of the same on their throats and with the minor margins of the two eentral tail feathers white. This bird should not be mistaken for the two other most valuable birds which it nearly resembles, to wit :- The Hairy Woodpecker, (Pieus villiosii et vars) ; and the Downy Woodpecker, (Pieus pubeseens et vars). These two species have the outer tail feathers white (or barred with black), and have only a small patch o" red on the back of the head of the males. The Yellow Hammer or Fleeker, (Colaptus auratus) is somewhat colored with yellow, and should not be mistaken for the sap-sueker. It is a much larger bird. The Red-headed Woodpecker, (Melanerpes erythrocephalus), sometimes peeks into apples and devours cherries, and should be placed in the next division, (2d). The Wren, Ground Robin, (known as Cherwiek ), Meadow Lark, all the fly-catchers, the King Bird or bee-catcher, Whip-poor-will. Night Hawk or Geat Sueker, Nut-hateher, Pewee or Pewit. All the Blackbirds, Bobolinks, Finches, (Fringillida). Quails, Song Sparrows, Scarlet Tanager, Black, White and Brown Creepers, Maryland Warblers, Indigo Birds, Chirping Sparrow, Black-throated Bunting, Thrushes, ex- cept those named in the next class, and all domestic fowls except geesc.

2d. Birds of Doubtful Utility.

Which include those which have beneficial qualities, but which have also noxious or destructive qualities in the way of destroying fruits, and whose habits are not fully determined. (Thus the Robin, Brown Thrush and Cat Bird are very valuable as cut-worm eaters, but also very obnoxious to the small fruit growers. The Jay (Blue Jay) not only destructive to grain and fruits, but very noxious in the way of destroying the nest eggs and young of smaller and better birds, Robin, Brown Thrush and Cat Bird, Shrike or Buteher Bird, Red-headed Woodpecker, Jay Bird or Blue Jay, Crow and the small Owls (sereech owls), Pigeons and Mocking Bird.)

3d. Birds that should be Exterminated.

Sap-sucker, or Yellow-bellied Woodpecker, (see above), Baltimore Oriole, or Hanging Bird, Cedar Bird, or Wax-wings (Ampelis cedrorum), Hawks and the larger Owls.

CHAPTER VI.

FLORA OF SHELBY AND MOULTRIE COUNTIES.

N speaking of the flora of the above counties it is not our purpose to treat exhaustively ou the plants of the respective counties, but rather to give a list of the native trees and grasses found within their limits.

"Mere catalogues of plants growing in any locality," says a learned writer, " might without a little reflection, be supposed to possess but little value ;" a supposition which would be far from the truth. The intelligent farmer looks at onee to the native vegetation as a sure indication of the value of new lands. The kinds of timber growing in a given locality will decide the qualities of the soil for agricultural purposes. The cabinet maker and the wheelwright and all other workers in wood will find what materials are at hand to answer their purposes. The state of Illinois by the botanist is usually considered under three divisions ; the heavily timbered regions of the south, the flora of which is remarkable for its variety ; the central portion, consisting mainly of prairie, yet not without groves which are usually adjacent to water-courses ; and the northern section. The counties of Shelby and Moultrie represent the characteristics of both a timbered and prairie country. Few speetaeles are so inspiringly beautiful as a grand prairie at certain seasons of the . year, and yet the luxuriant vegetation, which at first view seems so various, comprises but few species of plants.

Upon the flora of these counties civilization has produced its inevitable effeet. As the Indian and buffalo have disappeared before the white man, so have some of the native grasses been vanquished by the white elover and the blue grass. Below we add a list of

NATIVE WOODY PLANTS.

Acer Saccharinum, rock sugar maple A. Nigrum, black .

A. Dasyearpum, soft maple, silver Icaf maple

A. Negundo, box-eller, ash leaf maple

Esculns Glabra, stinking buckeye

A. Serrulata, smooth leaf alder

Amelanchier Cmadensis, trne ser- vice berry Amorpho Fruticosa, false indigo shrub

A. Canescens, lead plant

Ampelopsis Quinquefolia, virginia creeper

Asimina Triloba, paw paw

B. Nigra, river or red birch

Carpinus Americanns, blue beech, hornbeam

Ceanothus AAmericana, red root

C. Ovalis, grent red root

Cercis Canadensis, Judas tree, red bud Celastrus Scandens, false Filter sweet, wax work

Celtis Occidentalis, hackberry

Cephalanthus Occidentalis, button hugh

C. Virginica, choke cherry

C. Serotina, black cherry, cabinet cherry

C. Alternifolia, false dogwood

(. Sericca, kinnickiniek

C. Cercinata, pigeon berry

C. Stolonifera, ral wier

(. Panienlata,

C. Sanguinea,

Corylus Americana, hazelnut

C. Coccinea, hawthorn

C. Tomentosa,

C. C'rus-galli,

(. Alba, shagbark hickory

C Silena, thick shellbark hickory

C. Tomentosa, white heart hickory

C. Glabra, pig-nut hickory

Direa Palustris, leatherwood

Enonymus Atropurpurens, wahoo, strawberry Ice

E. Americana, wahoo Fraxinns Americana, white ash

1. Vinlis, green ash

F. Sambucifolia, black ash

.F. Quadrangulata, blue ash Gleditschia Trincanthos, three thorned acacia, honey locu-1 Hamamelis Virginica, witch hazel.

HISTORY OF SHELBY AND MOULTRIE COUNTIES, ILLINOIS.

Gymnocladus Canadensis, Kentucky coffee-nut

Juglans Cinerea, butternut

J. Nigra, walnut

Juniperus Virginiana, red cedar Lonicera Grata, Woodbine Menisperum Canadense, moonseed Morus Rubra, mulberry

Ostrya Virginica, hop-hornbeam, iron-wood

Plantanns Occidentalis, buttonwood, sycamore

Populus Tremuloides, quaking asp, aspen

P. Monilifera, necklace poplar, cot- ton wood

P. Angulata, cotton tree Prunus Americana, wild plum Pyrus Coronaria, crab apple Quercus Macrocarpa, burr oak Q. Obtusiloba, post oak

Q. Alba, white oak

Q. Prinus, swamp white oak

Q. Discolor, swamp chestnut oak

Q. Imbrecria, laurel leaf oak

Q. Nigra, black jack oak

Q. Tinctoria, yellow bark oak, quer- citron oak

Q. Coccinea, scarlet oak

Q. Rubra, red oak

Q. Palustris, swamp Spanish oak, pin oak

R. Glabra, sumach

R. Radicans, climbing poison ivy

R. Toxicodendron, poison ivy Ribes Cynosbati, prickly gooseberry

R. Hirtellum, smooth

R. Rotundifolium, "

R. Lacustre, swamp gooseberry

R. Floridum, black currant Rosa Lucinda, prairie rose

R. Blanda, wood rose

S. Tristis, rose willow

S. Hamulis, cone willow

S. Eriocephala, silky head willow

S. Nigra, Black willow

S. Fragilis, joint willow, brittle willow

Sambucus Canadensis, elderberry S. Pubens, red fruit elderberry Sassafras Officinale, sassafras

Shepherdia Canadensis, buffalo berry

Smilax Hispida, greenbriar

Spiræa Opulifolia, vinebark spiræa

Spiræa Salicifolia, hardhack, willow spiræa

Staphylea Trifolia, rattle-box, wood- bladder nut

Symphoricarpus Vulgaris, coral

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Combined history of Shelby and Moultrie Counties, Illinois : with illustrations descriptive of their scenery and biographical sketches of some of their prominent men and pioneers, Part 9

Author: Publication date: 1881 Publisher: Philadelphia : Brink, McDonough & Co. Number of Pages: 458

Author:
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Philadelphia : Brink, McDonough & Co.
Number of Pages: 458