USA > Illinois > Complete history of the 46th regiment, Illinois volunteer infantry, a full and authentic account of the participation of the regiment in the battles, sieges, skirmishes and expeditions in which it was engaged > Part 19
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Upon one point, at least, there seems to be no controversy. Up to that time Shiloh was the most important battle of the war. No such number of men have met upon any other field. No such important results bad been pending. Its losses on both sides, compared with the number en- gaged, show it to have been one of the most, if not the most, sanguinary battles of the war. The best blood of the North and South was freely shed as testified by over twenty thousand killed and wounded on that fiercely contested field, yet with results so evenly balanced that either side could and did claim a victory.
BATTLE OF SHILOH.
In order that the readers of history may fully understand, it is well to first give the relative positions of the contending armies and their lo- cation when this great battle opened Sunday morning, April 6th, 1862. The rebel Gen. Jolmston, after returning southward through Tennessee, moved West toward Memphis and finally concentrated his army at Corinth, Miss., near the Tennessee line and ninety-three miles East of Memphis. Gen. Grant had moved up the Tennessee with his army and established it on the West bank of the river at Pittsburg Landing. where he was to await the arrival of Buell's corps, which was crossing the country from Nash- ville. When the junction should be effected the entire army was to move forward on the rebel camp at Corinth. Gen. Johnston in the meantime con- centrated his whole army with intentions of attacking the Union army be- fore Buell's army could reach the support of Grant. The water and rail- road communications with New Orleans, Mobile and the entire South rendered this extremely probable. It came and well nigh proved a fatal one. On the 4th of April Johnston moved his entire army forward, in- tending to attack Grant on Saturday, the 5th, but the muddy roads impeded his progress so that he was unable to do it until Sunday morning. Grant's force was disposed in the following manner: From Pittsburg Landing a
161
ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.
road leads straight for Corinth twenty-two miles distant; about two miles from the river it divides, one fork leading to lower Corinth and the other keeping the ridge straight on. A little farther inland a road from Ham- burg Landing, a few miles up the river, intersects the former. On the right two roads branch off toward Purdy. On and between these several roads, from 2 to 5 miles out, lay the Union army. The three divisions of Prentiss, Sherman and McClernand were the farthest advanced. Between them and the river were Hurlbut's and Smith's, the latter commanded by W. H. L. Wallace, Smith being sick. Gen. Lew Wallace's 3rd division, which was at Crump's Landing, five miles distant had been promptly ordered up in the morning and its arrival would strengthen greatly the right of our extended line, but had lost its way and did not arrive in time for first day's battle. The army of the Tennessee commanded by Maj. Gen. Grant numbered 39,830, Sunday; army of the Ohio, Maj. Gen. Buell, 17,918, Monday. Total Union force, 57,748.
The number of Confederate troops engaged in battle April 6th and 7th, 1862, under command of Gen. Albert Sydney Johnston, which included the army corps of Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk, Maj. Gen. Braxton Bragg, Maj. Gen. W. H. Hardie and Maj. Gen. J. C. Breckenridge, as shown by the records, was as follows : Army of the Mississippi, commanded by Gen. Albert Sydney Johnston, 43,968. The above figures in accordance with Confederate atmy reports show the number of enlisted men engaged in the battle of Shiloh, April 6th and 7th, 1862, was 43,908. According to the custom of enumerating of the Confederate armies in the South, this num- ber probably excluded Generals and Staff Officers, army Chaplains, Quartermasters, Commissary, Ordinance, Medical, Hospital Nurses and Musicians, and all other departments of army service-everybody who did not carry a gun or serve a cannon,-which would have increased the above report to an army of 50,000.
Early Sunday morning found the Union scouts well advanced and became aware that the enemy were concentrating in force and so reported to the army on the advance. Johnston had taken control of the center of his army and with his able aids came upon the Union lines with his army already in battle line and with such force and spirit and energy, that could not be checked for a while.
Before the battle Grant issued no orders to his troops prior to battle except in the event of an attack, but Gen. Johnston issued the following inflammatory order :
Headquarters, Army of the Mississippi, Corinth, Miss., April 3, 1862.
Soldiers of the army of the Mississippi :- I have put you in motion to offer battle to the invaders of your country. With the resolution and dis- ciplined valor becoming men fighting as you are, for all worth living, or
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HISTORY OF FORTY-SIXTH REGIMENT
dying for, you can but march to a decisive victory over the agrarian mer- cenaries sent to subjugate and despoil you of your liberties, property and honor. Remember the precious stake involved. Remember the dependence of your mothers, your wifes, your sisters and your children on the result. Remember the fair, broad, abounding land, the happy homes and ties that will be desolate by your defeat. The eyes and hopes of 8,000,000 of people rest upon you, you are expected to show yourselves worthy of your valor and lineage; worthy of the women of the South, whose noble devotion in this war has never exceeded in any time and with the trust that God is with us, your Generals will lead you confidently to the combat, assured of success. A. S. JOHNSTON, General Commander.
The part taken in the battle of Shiloh by the regiment is fully and ably set forth in the following reports, viz :
COLONEL JOHN A. DAVIS' REPORT.
Headquarters 46th Regt. Ill. Vol. Inf. Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., April 8th, 1862.
CAPT. F. W. Fox,
Asst. Adjt. Gen'l. 2nd Brigade, 4th Division.
Captain :- I have the honor to report to you that, on Sunday morning, the 6th inst., at about 71/2 o'clock, A. M., the enemy's fire was first heard in my camp, whereupon I ordered my men to hold themselves in readiness to march at a moment's notice, and in less than five minutes after receiving your order my regiment was on the march to the battlefield, reaching there between 9 and 10 o'clock, A. M. It took a position ordered by Col. Veatch in person. A regiment posted about two hundred yards in front of our line gave way under the enemy's fire, and retreated through my line which was lying down. As soon as it passed my men rose, dressed their line and im- mediately commenced pouring a destructive fire into the enemy. The regi- ment posted on our righit gave way and the enemy, keeping up a hot fire along my whole front and a raking cross fire upon my right flank, killing and wounding over one half of my right companies, badly cutting up my other companies, eight of my line officers, the Major and color bearer wounded, I deemed it my duty, without further orders, to withdraw iny command, which I did, to a position beyond the brow of a hill, where I again formed it by command of Col. Veatch. Finding no support to my right or left, I fell back to the foot of the hill, finding the 49th Illinois In- fantry, commanded by Lieut. Col. Pease, at whose request I assumed com- · mand of both regiments and moved them by the right flank and established a line of battle on the ground which had been occupied by a portion of
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ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.
Gen. M'cClernand's division, and in front of where Taylor's battery was then planted. The enemy appearing in large force over the ground from which we had just retreated, I was ordered to withdraw my troops, that the battery could open fire on the enemy. The 49th Ill. Infantry deployed to the left and my regiment to the right of the battery. Forming my men again in the rear of a fence fronting the enemy, I ordered them to lay down and prepared to resist any attack the enemy might make upon the: battery.
Having succeeded in driving the enemy over the brow of the hill, the 1st brigade of Sherman's division appeared upon the ground for the pur- pose of following up the enemy in their retreat. I joined my command upon the left of this brigade and moved up in line to within two hundred yards of the enemy, when a brisk and destructive fire opened upon our whole line. Planting our colors in front of our line of battle, I ordered my command to shelter themselves behind trees and logs as best they could, within short range of the enemy, and kept up a constant fire until the regi- ment on our right had given away and fallen back across the ravine, when I ordered my men to fall back into the ravine, and moving them by the left flank I took them out of the range of the enemy's guns. In this last en- gagement, Capt. Wm. Young, of Company "G," who had succeeded in ral- lying more men after the first engagement than any other Captain, and who heroically told me he would stand by me and the colors until the last man was killed, fell, shot through the mouth, and was carried from the field. Reinforcements now arriving, and my men having been compelled to fall back from these two fierce engagements, had become somewhat scattered. It being now one o'clock, my ammunition exhausted, having lost my horse in the first engagement, and compelled to go on foot the balance of the time, and finding myself within a half mile of my regimental encampment, I marched my men to it for dinner. Calling my men into line immediately after dinner, I formed them on the right of the brigade, commanded by Col. C. C. Marsh, at his request, in front of and to the left of my camp, where we again met the enemy. A battery on my left leaving under the fire of the enemy, the regiments, both on the right and left, fell back, but iny line did not waver, and the other regiments were again rallied and stopped the advance of the enemy.
We lay in this position on our arms all night. After breakfast in the morning, still retaining my position on the right of Col. Marsh's brigade, I moved with him until I reached and went beyond the ground of our last engagement of Sunday, when our skirmishers were driven in and some confusion arising on the left of our brigade, Col. Marsh ordered the brigade to fall back and changing the whole front of his line to the left, he again nioved the brigade forward. The enemy soon drove in our pickets and we found him in strength along the whole line of our front, and when within.
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HISTORY OF FORTY-SIXTH REGIMENT
two hundred yards the fire opened upon both sides, my men loading and firing with the coolness of veterans. Here I had another horse shot from under me in the midst of the engagement and while the battle was raging with the utmost fury. My men determined that they had fallen back for the last time, and while receiving the fire of the enemy and delivering their own with the utmost coolness, I was wounded and carried from the field. Lieut. Col. Jones reports that my men still stood firm, holding their ground, although outflanked, with the colors of the 46th and those of the rebels planted within thirty yards of each other and the enemy driven back for the last time, when the 46th was ordered, by Gen. Hurlbut in person, to their quarters.
I ought not to close this communication without bearing tribute to the gallantry and bravery of my command. Lieut. Col. Jones was with the reg- iment throughout all its engagements, and did his duty manfully. Maj. Dornblaser, severely wounded in the arm in the early part of the action, remained with me until the men were brought off the field and re-formed, and did not leave until after a peremptory order from myself to go to his quarters. Capt. Musser, of Company "A," while his brave company was assailed by overwhelming numbers to the front and right flank, still kept his fire pouring upon the enemy and his ranks dressed until himself wounded and carried from the field, seven of his men killed and twenty wounded in the action. The company held its ground as did all the others until ordered to retreat. Capt. Stevens, while bravely keeping his men in line to bring them off the field, fell, fatally wounded, the nearest man of his company to the rebel line. Capt. Marble, of Company "E," fell while brandishing his sword and calling on the Major, begged him to take it, saying, "if the rebs get me they shall not get my sword." Capt. McCracken received a severe contusion in the first engagement, but kept on duty with his company the whole of the two days. Lieuts. Hood, Barr, Arnold, In- graham and Howell were all wounded in the first engagement of Sunday while manfully doing their duty at their posts. Too much praise cannot be awarded to the brave officers and men of the 46th Illinois Infantry, who helped to win our signal victory.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
JOHN A. DAVIS,
Col. Comd'g 46th Ill. Vol. Inft'y.
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NIG
ROAD
PRI
BANA
BLASA
MAP OF SHILOH BATTLEFIELD. POSITIONS ON FIRST DAY, APRIL S,196Z. PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR BY THE SHILOH NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. SURVEYED AND DRAWN BY ATWELL THOMPSON. B.E. ENGINEER IN CHARGE 1900. UNION ARMY ...... CONFEDERATE ARMY. . . HEADQUARTERS . CAMPSA BATTLE LINES LOCATED BY MAJOR D.W.RCED, SECRETARY . HISTORIAN.
SNAKE
TENNESSEE RIVE
CIAMOND
ISLAND
MAP OF SHILOH BATTLEFIELD.
POSITIONS ON SECOND DAY APRIL 7, 1662. PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR BY THE SHILOH NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. SURVEYED AND DRAWN BY ATWELL THOMPSON, B.C. ENGINEER IN CHARGE 1900
UNION ARMY ---
CONFEDERATE APMY- HEADQUARTERS
CAMPS ..
BATTLE -LINEO LOCATED BY MASCH D.W.RECO, SECRETARY 4. HISTORIAN.
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TENNESSEE RIVER
DIAMOND
ISLAND
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M A.KIRSY CE. COM.
165
ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.
LIST OF KILLED AND WOUNDED,
as per Col. John A. Davis' report, prepared by Benj. Dornblaser, Major. Col. John A. Davis, wounded seriously through right shoulder; Maj. Benj. Dornblaser, wounded in left arm and slightly in right elbow.
COMPANY A.
Capt. John Musser, wounded, thigh broken, serious; 2nd Lieut. I. A. Amold, wounded in arm, slightly; Ord. Sergeant Quincy Pollock, in breast, serious; 2nd Sergeant Geo. S. Dickey, in leg; 4th Serg't Wm. Rey- nolds, arm; Corporal A. M. Fellows, leg and arm; Corp'l Albert Lull, thigh; Corp'l Thos. S. Clingman, leg broken ; Corp'l H. W. Bolender, leg and arm; Private Charles Barrett, leg; Andrew J. Bates, hand; Martin Bender, seriously ; Hillory Buss, in leg, seriously ; George W. Bolender, in breast, slightly; Abner Clingman, in arm, slightly; Robert A. Fauver, leg ; Oscar B. Fowler, thigh, seriously; H. Hollenbeck, leg broken ; F. Lefevre, in thigh, since dead; J. Mason, leg, slightly; Robert Patton, leg; Frank Smith, leg; Nelson Scovill, side; John Sheckler, arm; James M. Van Brocklin, head, slightly; Private Robert P. Wilson, face, slightly; Corp'l Ami F. Arnold, killed; Private Wm. H. Rodemer, killed; Henry G. Ro- gers, killed; John Elliott, killed; John Patton, killed; Hiram Clingman, killed; John Hoot, killed; John B. Whistler, killed.
COMPANY B.
Private Eugene Kellogg, killed; 2nd Lieut. Thos. J. Hathaway, wounded in head, slightly; Ord. Sergeant Wm. J. Reitzell, arm, slightly ; 4th Sergeant Robt. T. Cooper, arm, slightly; Corp. Isaac Kleckner, arm shot off; Corp. Charles Bowers, mortally, since died; Corp. Thomas B. Jones, head, slightly ; Corp. Jay W. Barker, arm, slightly; Privates Jacob Stottler, in leg, sligthly; John Mallory, in hand; Daniel Lobdell, in arm; John Hoy, in arm; W. W. Warner, in leg and arın, serious; George D. Sprague, missing.
COMPANY C.
Privates, killed-Henry Gibony, Lions Marbeth, John Rebel, John F. Marks, A. Knock. Wounded-Sergeant Andreas Olnhausen, seriously ; Corporal Johann Esch, in head ; Privates Heinrich Baggen, in thigh, serious- ly; Nicholas Melon, in thigh, seriously; Joseph Bonn, in hand, slightly;
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HISTORY OF FORTY-SIXTH REGIMENT
Frederick Trewent, arm; Frederick Hasselmann, mortally; Johann Harberts, shoulder, slightly; Christ Kauner, neck; Marcus Marks, arm; Johann Neef, hip; John Oechsly, side; C. Rieckmeier, head; Arnold Ra- der, foot; Jacob Steinhauer, foot; Henry Schmaltzhaf, mortally; Adolph Wolbrecht, hand, slightly; John Weifenbach, hand, slightly; Gottlieb Gressly, missing; Harm Knock, missing.
COMPANY D.
Killed-Sergeant Eichelberger ; Privates Samuel Melly, J. B. Sweet, S. B. Millard, George Ash, Martin Wales. Wounded-Privates Wm. Win- dell, seriously; John Whitney, slightly; David Bixby, slightly; Daniel Cromwell, slightly; James Myers, slightly; David Morris, slightly; C. P. Rolf, slightly.
COMPANY E.
Wounded-Capt. John M. Marble, in thigh; 2nd Lieut. W. A. Plantz, slightly ; Ord. Sergeant Henry A. Briggs, slightly ; Corporal Joseph Boyles, slightly; Privates Charles Bardsall, slightly; Peter Gillespie, slightly; Gustavus Johnson, slightly; Alex McNeil, slightly. Missing-Thomas Auner, John W. Correll, David Frazier.
COMPANY F.
Wounded -- 1st Lieut. J. W. Barr, in back, seriously; 2nd Lieut. Ingra- ham, in thigh, seriously; 2nd Sergeant Calvin Crouse, mortally ; 3rd Sergt. George W. Orman, in leg, slightly; Privates Wm. H. Bryan, mortally; Win. S. Logan, in thigh, seriously; J. W. Brant, in ankle, seriously; James M. Knowles, seriously; Wm. H. Littler, seriously; Frederick Sheller, seriously ; F. M. Lollar, in ankle; George W. Elder, in arm; Benj. Oaster, missing.
COMPANY G.
Killed-Private Geo. D. Beeler. Wounded-Capt. W. Young, in mouth, seriously; Ist Lieut. Thos. M. Hood, leg, amputated; 2nd Sergt. James W. Steele, slightly; 3rd Sergt. M. J. Cooper, slightly; Color bearer, 4th
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ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.
Sergt. Joseph Stamp, slightly; 2nd Corp. Joseph S. Brown, mortally ; Corp. David W. Fiscus, in leg; Corp. Reuben Brubaker, in arm; Privates Robt. Aikey, mortally; Wm. Brown, slightly; Seth Cable, slightly; Edwin Drake, in head, seriously; George Kittner, mortally; Henry Riermyer, slightly; John Shively, seriously; Martin Smith, slightly; John Vore, slightly; George Benton, missing.
COMPANY H.
Capt. John Stevens, leg broken, amputated, died; Sergt. Charles C. Mason, killed. Wounded-Sergt. J. F. Murphy, in arm; Corp. E. H. Blackman, in head; Corp. Wm. H. Cook, in head; Privates Patrick Daily, in leg; Robt. Hardy, in thigh; Andrew Larson, seriously; M. Cook, in arm, seriously ; Henry Miller, in hand; Privates J. W. V. Quick, seriously ; John E. Snyder, slightly; George Bellis, in hand; Wm. Talley, in wrist; Jacob Wood. Missing-George W. Ware, John Bond, John Mahon, Wm. Dunphey, Alex Patterson, James Whalon, Preston R. Hill.
COMPANY I.
Killed-2nd Lieut. Wm. H. Howell; Sergt. J. Collins; Corp. F. Arter ; Privates Wm. H. Morris, Frank Marcy. Wounded-Wm. Gaylord, serious- ly; Robt. Shiffer, seriously; J. W. Price, seriously; R. N. Clark, slightly ; A. G. West, seriously; George Anderson, slightly. Missing-C. F. Ben- nett. M. R. Burns, P. A. Cosgrove, M. Parker.
COMPANY K.
Capt. J. M. McCracken, hip, slightly; Corp. A. L. F. M. Snow, in hand; Corp. Yates Gardner, in arın; Privates David Kinsley, slightly; Aaron Cramton, severely ; Thomas Farley, slightly; John Broad, in foot, severe; Thomas Myron, breast, severe; Silas Parmlee, chin, slightly; John Curran, foot, slightly; John Birdsell, knee, slightly. Missing -- Wm. G. Wardwell.
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HISTORY OF FORTY-SIXTH REGIMENT
168
RECAPITULATION.
Killed.
Wounded.
Missing.
. Field Officers
2
Co. A
9
25
B
1
12
1
C
5
20
2
D
6
10
2
E
11
3
F
12
1
G
5
13
1
H
2
13
7
I
5
6
1
4
K
11
1
-
-
Total
33
135
22
Grand Total, 190.
There is difference of 6 in official report of Col. J. A. Davis, which names casualties in round numbers and not giving names at 196. This difference can be accounted for. The names of some soldiers, who were slightly wounded, were omitted by Gen. Dornblaser, who furnished the foregoing list of names.
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LETTER OF THANKS FROM COL. C. C. MARSH.
Headquarters 2nd Brig., 1st Div., April 9th, 1862.
DEAR SIR :- I beg to thank you and the officers and soldiers of the 46th Illinois Infantry for their noble conduct during the action of Monday morning last, when your lamented Colonel so promptly responded to my request to take a position in my command and so gallantly led you in the face of the enemy with so fatal a result to himself. My heartfelt sympa- thies are with you in your severe loss, and your soldierly conduct shall receive a fitting notice in my official report.
I am, sir, Truly Yours, C. C. MARSH, Col. 20th Ill. Inft., Comd'g Brigade.
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ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.
EXTRACT FROM COLONEL VEATCH'S REPORT.
Headquarters 2nd Brig., 4th Div. Pittsburg, Tenn., April 10th, 1862.
CAPTAIN S. D. ATKINS,
A. A. A. Gen'l, 4th Division.
On Sunday morning while most of the troops were at breakfast, heavy firing was heard on our line in a direction southwest from my camp. In a few moments the 2d Brigade, consisting of the 14th Illinois Infantry, Col. Hall, 15th Illinois Infantry, Lieut. Col. Ellis, 46th Illinois Infantry, Col. Davis, and 25th Indiana Infantry, Lieut. Col. Morgan, was formed in line and awaiting orders. In a short time Gen. Hurlbut's aid, Lieut. Long, directed me to move forward to support Gen. Sherman, and to take a po- sition near a field used for reviews, beyond Col. Rap's headquarters. When we reached the field the enemy was pressing rapidly forward toward that point. A line of battle was already formed in front of us and a second line in the rear of the first was being formed on our right. I had but little time to examine the ground, but took the best position that could be found to support the troops in front of us. An officer representing himself as acting under Gen. Sherman's orders, rode up in great haste and directed me to move my Brigade by the right flank and join to the line which was form- ing on our right. I executed the movement as directed but it placed the right of my Brigade on worse ground than I had chosen, though it had the advantage of forming a line of battle of greater length.
(The order of formation of the 2nd Brigade was from left to right, 25th Ind., 14th Ill., Battery, 46th Ill., 15th Ill. In order to give place to Battery the left companies of 46th were massed, Co. K in front, Co. G. in rear of K, and Co. B in rear of these two companies, which proved to be a very great hindrance to the free action of the rear companies, as it endangered our own men and caused many to withhold their fire for fear of killing their own men.)
The enemy now opened fire on the troops in front of us which threw them into confusion and they broke through the lines of the 15th and 46th Illinois Infantry, many of them without returning a fire. At the same time the line on the right of this Brigade gave way and left the 15th Illinois In- fantry exposed to the whole force of the enemy's fire in front and a raking fire from the right. Lient. Col. Ellis heroically held the ground and re- turned the fire with deadly effect. While cheering his men and directing their fire, he fell, mortally wounded. Nearly at the same time Major God- dard was killed, and the regiment, without field officers, was compelled to fall back before overpowering numbers.
The enemy was moving another heavy column on the point occupied by Col. Davis of the 46th Illinois Infantry. The line in front of him broke
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HISTORY OF FORTY-SIXTH REGIMENT
and rushed through his ranks, throwing them into confusion. As soon as these scattered troops had cleared his front he poured in a well directed fire upon the enemy, which for a time checked his progress, but it was im- possible to hold his position against a force so far superior. Major Dorn- blaser was severely wounded, a large number of his company officers dis- abled and his color guard shot down. Col. Davis seized his colors and bore them from the field, presenting a most noted mark for the enemy who sent after him a terrific fire as he retired. I directed him to fall back and rally his men in the rear of the fresh troops that were then advancing.
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It will not be claiming too much for this Brigade to say, that, but for its determined resistance to the enemy, he would have reached the center of our camp early in the day. The field officers behaved with gallantry on every occasion.
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Col. Davis, Lieut. Col. Jones and Major Dornblaser of the 46th Illinois Infantry, each displayed coolness and courage in resisting the heavy columns thrown against them. Major Dornblaser was wounded and com- pelled to leave the field early on the first day. Col. Davis was severely wounded on the second day while gallantly fighting in Col. Marsh's Brig- ade and was carried from the field. Lieut. Col. Jones took command and conducted his regiment with skill and courage until the battle closed.
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JAMES C. VEATCH, Colonel Commanding Brigade.
BRIG. GEN. S. A. HURLBUT'S CONGRATULATORY ORDER.
The General commanding tenders his heartfelt congratulations to the surviving officers and men of his Division, for their magnificent services during the two days of struggle which, under the blessing of God, has re- sulted in victory. Let the Division remember, that for five hours on Sun- day they held, under the most terrific fire, the key point of the left of the . army and only fell back when outflanked by overwhelming numbers, press- ing through points abandoned by our supports. Let them remember, that when they fell back it was in order, and that the last line of resistance in rear of the heavy guns was formed first by this Division. Let them remem- ber, that on the morning of Monday, without food and without sleep, they were ordered forward to reinforce the right, and that whenever either
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