USA > Illinois > Fayette County > Fayette County in the World War > Part 7
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82
FAYETTE COUNTY
CHAPTER IV.
THE DRAFT BOARD AND THE DRAFT
Fayette County's Exemption Board was organized under government supervision June 29, 1917, and was composed originally of the following men: William Henry, Chairman, Dr. F. L. Rice, secretary, Dr. Geo. Van Vranken, medical director. Of these Mr. Henry and Dr. Van Vranken served throughout the war. Dr. Rice resigned Dec. 1, 1917, and W. C. White was ap- pointed in his place. Mr. White served till March 1918, when he resigned and was succeeded by W. P. Welker. Sept. 1, Mr. Welker resigned and was suc- ceeded by H. J. Gochenour who served until the board was discharged. Under the first organization Dr. Van- Vranken was assisted by Dr. L. L. Morey of Vandalia, Dr. L. E. Turney of Brownstown, and Dr. E. B. Pribble of St. Elmo. Dr. Pribble served throughout the board's existence as a member of the medical board. Assist- ance was also given at different times by Dr. Williams of Vandalia and Dr. Fromm of Ramsey. F. I. Henry was appointed chief clerk of the board in July 1917, and rendered efficient service in this capacity as long as the board functioned.
With a due appreciation of the services rendered by the members of all the organizations that shared in the burden of carrying on the war, we believe we may truthfully say that none labored under greater diffi- culties and more trying circumstances than did the members of this board. Too much credit cannot be given these men who labored so unselfishly and espec- ially to Mr. William Henry who filled the trying place of chairman throughout the existence of the board.
Working under stringent rules laid down by the war department it was their task to select from the registrants those who should bear arms and to say which should remain at home to carry on the no less
83
IN THE WORLD WAR
important work of raising crops and the keeping the wheels of industry going. The task was especially a distasteful one during the early months of our partici- pation in the war. A great draft such as this was a thing unknown in America. The draft in the Civil War was insignificant in comparison both in the number of men which it raised for military service and in its dras- tic regulations as to exemptions. We give below a table showing figures of the first call of the Civil War draft that the reader may compare with tables given later on the draft of 1917-18.
The Call of July 2, 1863 (Civil War)
Number of names drawn
292,441
Failed to report
-
39,417 460
Discharged -
39,877
Number examined
-
-
-
252,564
Number exempted
-
-
1
164,394
Number found liable for duty
88,170
Paid commutation
-
-
52,288
Remaining liable for service
-
-
35,882
Found substitutes
-
-
-
26,002
Held to personal service
9,880
We give the above that our readers may by com- parison realize the immensity of the World War draft and the equitable basis upon which it was conducted. It will be noted that in the first call of the Civil War draft out of 292,441 names drawn, only 9,880 were actually held for personal service. 52,288 men secured exemption by the payment of $300 each, and 26,002 found substitutes.
Statistical Data on World War Draft
The following figures are taken from the report of
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-
-
84
FAYETTE COUNTY
the Provost Marshal General :
Total registration for U. S. 23,908,576 Number men in U. S. military service Nov. 11, 1918 - 3,500,000
Number furnished by draft - 2,758,542 Number accepted but not inducted, Nov. 11, 1918 - 1,426,446 Number classified in Class I, but not physically ex-
amined on above date -
1,216,017
Unclassified on above date -
-
6,319,728
Total number America could have placed in the field without invading any of deferred classes - 8,749,564
Amount appropriated by Congress for expenses of se- lective service system
$54,896,903.00
Amount expended for same
30,847,914.24
Per capita cost per registrant
1.26
Per capita cost per registrant classified -
1.74
Per capita cost per man inducted .
10.38
Per capita cost per man accepted at camp
$11.34
Per capita cost per man secured by voluntary enlist- ment (Army)
28.95
(Navy)
30.23
Per capita cost in Civil War draft -
- 227.71
Fayette County Draft Statistics
REGISTRATION
June 5, 1917
2,018
June and August 1918
-
209
September 1918
-
-
2,917
Total
5,144
INDUCTION, Accepted at camp
684
PHYSICAL GROUPS
General service
710
Remediables
None
Limited service
47
Disqualified
144
DEFERMENTS
Dependency
1,069
Agricultural
6
Industrial
4
COST OF DRAFT IN FAYETTE COUNTY
Pay of board members
$3,856.85
Pay of employees
1,983.67
Pay for physical examinations
213.20
.
-
-
-
85
IN THE WORLD WAR
Travel expenses and drayage
-
-
37.42
Miscellaneous expenses
718.62
Total expenses -
-
$6,809.76
Salvage by sale of property
-
129.20
Net cost of operation
$6,680.56
A volume of interesting matter on the experiences of the members and helpers of the exemption board might be written. As was to be expected in such a time and under such circumstances the selfishness which lies hidden in almost all human hearts would manifest itself. Fathers and mothers would come with their sons pleading for exemption for them. In a few cases it was found that the registrant had "doped" his eyes or his heart with the hope of failing to pass the physical examination. Under the stress of the exacting work it was necessary for the board to dispatch cases as quickly as possible, yet one worthy of a hearing was never turned away without consideration. In order to take care of such ones it was during the early part of the work, necessary oftentimes to work far into the night and when long hours and strenuous days were telling upon the strength of the members of the board it was sometimes necessary to slip away to their homes through back streets in order to secure needed rest.
As the draft machinery continued to grind away and as the people of the nation realized more and more the gravity of the situation the number of unjustified appeals for exemption became fewer and fewer and the youth of Fayette county came forward willingly for service. The experiences of Fayette county's board were duplicated in every county in the United States. But where there were many discouraging and trying features of the work there were many redeeming fea- tures. True patriotism was evident in the rank and file and noble spirits, even out of the ordinary, were in evidence.
On one occasion a strong robust young man was exempted because of being the only support of an aged mother. A few weeks later the young man who had been placed in a deferred class appeared at the office of the draft board and asked to be placed in Class I.
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-
-
86
FAYETTE COUNTY
He stated that he and his mother had talked the mat- ter over and they had decided he should go. He was immediately placed in Class I and inducted into the service and sent to camp while at home his aged and dependent mother, manifesting even a greater spirit of patriotism, set about "keeping the home fires burning" with a light heart knowing that joy which comes from unselfish sacrifice and service.
We should be doing a rank injustice did we not mention here the services donated by citizens through- out the county in the tremendous task of registration and induction. It is impossible, however, to tell of the invaluable service which each rendered, nor is it pos- sible to give a complete list of their names for no records were kept until the last registration. In the office of the draft board there was an untold amount of clerical work to be done. Card indexes must be made of all registration cards, endless reports had to be made to the war department, a voluminous correspondence must be taken care of, thousands of little details re- quiring searching through the records must be attended to. Had it not been for the voluntary services of the teachers of the public schools and many others the ex- pense would have been immense. The work of regis- tration was also conducted in the various precincts throughout the county without cost to the government.
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IN THE WORLD WAR
.
CHAPTER V.
FAYETTE COUNTY CHAPTER AMERICAN RED CROSS
The Fayette County Chapter of the American Red Cross Society was organized at a meeting of citizens in the Armory Hall at Vandalia, May 19, 1917. Author- ity to organize such a chapter had previously been granted by the directors of the Central Division of the American Red Cross Society with headquarters at Chi- cago, and the following committee named as a tem- porary committee to effect an organization :
Judge William M. Farmer, Chairman
N. C. Gochenour, Secretary
O. F. Barkley
F. C. Humphrey
George A. A. Dieckmann
George B. Capps
J. H. Brooks
J. G. Burnside
George L. Hausmann Herbert H. Sonnemann
One hundred and five persons present at the time of organization signed applications for membership and paid the fee. A board of directors was elected consisting of the following twenty-one members:
William M. Farmer Mrs. Edith C. Burr
Rev. C. D. Shumard
Mrs. L. M. Ford
Dr. F. L. Rice
Mrs. May D. Stone
Rev. S. B. Murray
Mrs. Waverly F. Houston
Rev. Father McGrath
Sallie M. Stillman
F. E. Crawford
H. H. Sonnemann
Dr. A. L. T. Williams
Rev. J. W. Ramsey
Geo. B. Capps
Mrs. Ethel Gochenour
Jos. C. Burtschi J. H. Brooks George A. A. Dieckmann C F. Easterday R. H Sturgess
88
FAYETTE COUNTY
The following were elected officers:
Dr. A. L. T. Williams, Chairman* J. H. Brooks, Vice Chairman George B. Capps, Treasurer Ethel Gochenour, Secretary *Dr. A. L. T. Williams resigned as chairman Sept. 4, 1917, to enter U. S. service as a physician. He was succeeded by F. E. Crawford who was elected to fill the vacancy.
MILITARY RELIEF COMMITTEE
Mrs. F. L. Rice, Chairman*
Mrs. W. M. Farmer
Mrs. H. J. Belknap
Mrs. F. C. Humphrey
Mrs. L. E. Morey
Mrs. Dan Kelly
Mrs. R. T. Higgins
Mrs. J. T. Perine
Mrs. C. S. Stout
Mrs. C. G. Sonnemann
Mrs. F. T. Denny
Mrs. W. F. Smith
Mrs. Roy Emerick
Mrs. D. L. Travis
*Mrs. Rice resigned January 8, 1918, and Mrs. C. F. Hous- ton was elected as her successor.
CIVILIAN RELIEF COMMITTEE
J. W. Schenker, Chairman
Mrs. Geo. Ralston
Rev. O. R. Nelson
Miss Mayme Quinn
Harry Mabry
Miss Gwendolyn Farmer
Mrs. Katy Williams
O. F. Barkley
Mrs. F. I. Henry
George Houston
Mrs. G. E. Morey
Mrs. G. A. Kurtz
Mrs. Albert Dixon
Mrs. E. M. Doyle
H. H. Sonnemann
WAR FINANCE COMMITTEE C. F. Easterday, Chairman
Geo. A. A. Dieckmann F. C. Eckard
Jos. C. Burtschi W. P. Welker
KNITTING COMMITTEE
Mrs. H. H. Sonnemann, Chairman
Mrs. J. A. Bingham Mrs. Ben Perkins
Mrs. G. A. A. Dieckmann Mrs. J. L. Lakin
COMMITTEE ON ORGANIZATION OF BRANCHES
J. H. Brooks F. E. Crawford C. A. Evans
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IN THE WORLD WAR
CANTEEN COMMITTEE
Norval C. Gochenour, Chairman
Mrs. H. J. Gochenour
Mrs. J. C. Burtschi
Mrs. C. A. Janett
Mrs. Anna White
Mrs Sarah Volberg
Mrs. E. M. Doyle
MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE
Mrs. L. M. Ford
Mrs. C. D. Washburn
Mrs. Ira D. Lakin
Mr. J. W. Schenker
Mr. C. F. Coleman
Mrs. C. A. Janett
Mr. A. F. Smith
Mrs. C. F. Houston
Mr. L. M. Ford
Mrs. J. H. Webb
Mrs. Ed LeDoux
Miss Castilla Sayles
Mrs. J. F. Mammen
Mr. W. P. Welker
Mrs. Geo. B. Capps
Mrs. Geo. Helbock
Mrs. Arthur Buser
Miss Mabel Bingaman
Mrs. Ben Rexwinkle
Mrs. F. I. Henry
Mrs. J. J. Brown.
Mrs. Ella Mitchell
Miss Mary Metzger
Mrs. S. B. Murray
Miss Lillian Henninger
Mrs. H. A. Stone
Miss Mae Hausmann
Mrs. G. F. Houston
Miss Jessie Craig
Mrs. William Henry
Mr. C. F. Houston
Mr. G. F. Houston
Red Cross War Fund Drives
In all the many war activities at home there was perhaps none that surpassed the drive of June 1917, for the Red Cross War Fund. It was a thing wholly new to our people but so spirited was the work on the part of all chosen to do a part that it was remarkably suc- cessful. Fayette County's quota was $7,000.00, of which amount $3,000.00 was assigned to Vandalia. It was said by many when the quota was announced that it would be impossible to raise that amount of money in the county, but they had not yet seen the citizens of Fayette county in action as a unit.
The finance committee composed of C. F. Easter- day, G. A. A. Dieckmann, F. C. Eckard, J. C. Burtschi and W. P. Welker sent out, during the week previous to the drive, scouts instructed to invite the captains of the
90
FAYETTE COUNTY
various townships, who had been previously elected by this committee, to dinner at the Dieckmann Hotel in Vandalia. So well was this preliminary work done that every township in the county was represented. After taking dinner together they assembled in the court room at the court house to complete arrangements for the drive.
The captains having received instructions and in- spiration went back each to his own township ready for the task. On Sunday "Four Minute Men" were dispatched to every part of the county where addresses were given telling of the work of the Red Cross and the necessity of meeting the county's quota in full that the organization might continue to minister to the needs of our boys. Such a meeting was held within reach of every person in the county either in the morning, after- noon or evening. The meetings were well attended throughout the county.
On Monday the actual work began. Two hun- dred men throughout the county laid aside their work and solicited for the Red Cross. Bulletins were issued every evening and sent to the captains in the various townships to show how the drive was progressing throughout the county. In the few localities where an inclination to lag was shown, speakers were sent to stir up enthusiasm and a high pitch of enthusiasm was thus carried throughout the drive.
The result was inspiring and far beyond the hopes of the most sanguine. A total of $7,000.00 was the goal but the subscriptions totalled over $13,000.00. Every township in the county more than raised its quota. Some of the townships doubled and one, Sharon, treb- led their quota.
Other Methods of Raising Funds
The county's Red Cross fund was added to from time to time in various ways and from various sources. The Brownstown Band was the first to espouse the cause and gave the proceeds of a concert held in the M. E. Church Nov. 28th, to the Red Cross. "Fi Fi of the Toy Shop" was rendered by members of the Van- dalia chapter, giving two performances on successive nights to crowded houses. One hundred and twenty- five people took part. The play was one of the pro-
91
IN THE WORLD WAR
ductions of the J. B. Rogers Co., of Fostoria, Ohio, and was staged under the direction of Wm. Dieckmann Steininger, a Vandalia young man.
Mr. and Mrs. Carl A. Janett gave a dinner party and dance to the April 31st contingent of the draft boys at the Dieckmann hotel and gave the proceeds to the Red Cross fund. One of the unique features of the af- fair was sprung as a surprise upon the guests when Polk Atkinson rode triumphantly out upon the dance floor a long-haired, long-eared quadruped of the braying variety and announced that the gentleman (not Mr. Atkinson) was for sale and that the proceeds would be given to the Red Cross. A bid of $1.00 was immed- iately offered and the animal was knocked off to the bidder who immediately donated him back to the Red Cross. This was repeated again and again at various sums until the sale had netted more than $135.00. The "gentleman" was then led back to his quarters in the McElheney feed barn, still the property of the original owner.
Many of the school teachers throughout the coun- ty gave pie socials and donated the proceeds to the Red Cross. Auctions also, and many other methods were used at various places and at various times to swell the coffers of that organization. But the greatest of all was the "Egg Drive" suggested by country people. On May 9-11, 1918, farmers throughout the county donated their eggs to the cause and people in the towns who did not keep chickens donated cash. Nearly four thousand dollars was raised in this way.
At a patriotic meeting in Vandalia, May 20, 1918, Harold Brooks, son of Mayor Brooks, rode his pony on- to the speakers' stand and a drawing which had been previously arranged for, took place. The lucky num- ber was that of Mrs. J. Hoffman, of Ramsey. Mrs. Hoff- man donated the pony back to the Red Cross and it was disposed of in a like manner at Ramsey two weeks later for the benefit of the Ramsey Chapter. At a celebra- tion in St. Elmo an auction was held and any thing from a rocking horse to an automobile was sold. The proceeds of more than $1500.00 was given to the Red Cross.
92
FAYETTE COUNTY
$40,000.00 War Chest Drive
The second call for Red Cross funds came late in May 1918. Fayette County, like many other counties, combined this Red Cross drive with a War Chest drive. $20,000.00 was the county's quota for the Red Cross but a quota was set by the Council of Defense of $40,- 000.00, the amount over and above the Red Cross quota to be reserved by the Council of Defense to meet any other demands that might arise during the year and thus avoid making drives repeatedly. The methods used in this drive will be given in the chapter on the Council of Defense. The quotas assigned were as fol- lows:
TOWNSHIP QUOTAS
Avena
$2,962.00
Bear Grove
-
2,216.00
Bowling Green
1,035.00
Carson
1,036.00
Hurricane
2,924.00
Kaskaskia
1,946.00
La Clede
3,008.00
Lone Grove
-
-
2,847.00
Loudon
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-
2,259.00
Otego
2,238.00
Pope
962.00
Ramsey
3,564.00
Sefton
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-
2,558.00
Seminary
1,930.00
Sharon
-
2,841.00
Vandalia
5,344.00
Wheatland
-
-
1,665.00
Wilberton
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-
1,822.00
Total
-
$40,000.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
The assessed valuation of property was the basis upon which quotas were computed. Quotas were as- signed each school district by the township captains working in conjunction with men chosen from the various districts. In this manner the school district be- came the unit. Every township more than subscribed its quota, the total subscription amounting to $47,000. When the third call for funds for the National Red
.
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IN THE WORLD WAR
Cross Society came late in December 1919, fixing Fay- ette County's quota at $4,000.00 less a credit of $228.01 sufficient funds were in the treasury of the county chap- ter to meet the demand without a drive. All other de- mands made upon the chapter till the close of the war were met in like manner.
Branch Chapters American Red Cross Organized in Fayette County
Avena Township Branch
Chairman - Anna B. Johnson Vice Chairman - Florence Ogle Treasurer - Lulu M. Heckert Secretary - Myrtle Culbertson
Bear Grove Township Branch Chairman, Mrs. H. E. Schaffer Vice Chm'n, Mrs. W. I. Lyerla Treasurer - Miss Aleen Leever Secretary - Mrs S. V. Haight
Carson Branch
Chairman - Agnes F. Shumate Vice Chairman, Robert Hunt Jr. Treasurer - Clifford Gardner Secretary - Minnie Bolt
Hurricane Township Branch
Chairman - Maggie Halford
Vice Chairman - Jane Cole Treasurer - Edith Fitzgerald Secretary - Alice Shelton
LaClede Branch
Chairman, Mrs L. M. Richardson Vice Chm'n, Mrs. C. W. Maxon Treasurer - Mrs. R. H. Soldner Secretary - Mrs. J. R. Dillon
Loudon Township Branch
Chairman - Lemuel F. Wood Vice Chm'n, Mrs. B. M. Buzzard Treasurer - Mrs. Maude Long Secretary -. Mrs. J. W. Miller
Pope Township Branch Chairman - Wm. M. Jones Vice Chairman, W. L. Bonnell Treasurer, Miss Lucy Williams Secretary - Mrs. E. R. Bonnell
Ramsey Branch
Chairman - H. L. Haynes Vice Chm'n, Sadie B. Morrison Treasurer Fred Strobel Secretary - Mrs. B. E. Smith
Seminary Branch
Chairman - Mrs. Rhoda Thybo Vice Chairman, Mrs. Della Bone Treasurer - Mrs. Pearl Bone
Secretary - Goldia Jones
South Seminary Branch
Chairman - Mrs. J. T. Reeves Vice Chm'n, Mrs. Walter Smith Treasurer, Mrs. John Thompson Secretary, Mrs Della Thompson
Sefton Township Branch
Chairman
M. G. Dively
Vice Chairman, Treasurer Isaac Jones Secretary - Mrs. David B. Parr
West Sharon Branch
Chairman M. W. Jerden .. Vice Chm'n, Mrs. Geo. Mattes Treasurer - Mrs. Joe Peak
Secretary Ida McFarland
94
FAYETTE COUNTY
Lone Grove Branch
Wheatland Branch
Chairman - M. L. Lansford
Vice Chairman - W. S. Ervin
Treasurer J. F. Helm
Secretary - F. E. Bullington
Secretary
Iva Helm
Otego Township Branch
Burnett Auxiliary
Chairman - Otis Keeler
Chairman - Mrs. Ida Snyder
Vice Chm'n, Rev. E. T. Carroll
Vice Chm'n, Mrs. Kavanaugh
Treasurer - Myrna Griffith
Treasurer - Faye Kavanaugh
Secretary - Mayme Griffith
Secretary - Mrs. Hazel Hicks
War Supplies Furnished by Fayette County Chapter A. R. C.
Pieces
Four-tailed muslin bandages
-
-
-
21
Muslin abdominal bandages
-
-
686
Muslin T-bandages
-
-
513
Triangular muslin bandages
721
Hospital bed-shirts
117
Summer bed-shirts
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
Fracture pillows
-
-
-
16
Comfort bags (hospital)
258
Hospital wash cloths
-
-
284
Colvalescent robes
90
Convalescent suits (French)
30
Napkins 24×24
150
Hot water bag covers
9
Towels 18x30
-
-
-
120
Giass towels 18x30
36
Handkerchief substitutes
1034
Undershirts (hospital)
120
Pajamas
159
Pajamas (summer)
29
Bath towels
72
Sweaters
1081
Socks, 630 pairs
1260
Wristlets, 999 pairs
1998
Mufflers
422
Helmets
-
-
-
-
-
176
-
I
-
-
-
107
Winter bed-shirts
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
,
-
-
-
-
-
-
'Chairman - Elizabeth Odell
Vice Chairman - Ora Stein
Treasurer - Myra Garrison
95
IN THE WORLD WAR
Knitted wash cloths
-
-
-
-
189
Knitted scarfs
-
-
-
-
64
Trench caps
-
-
-
-
1
Cotton mouth wipes
-
-
-
-
50
Tray covers
-
-
13
Crocheted wash cloths
-
-
-
12
Property bags
-
-
416
Table napkins
-
-
516
Layette sets
-
-
14
Shirts (boys)
-
247
Undershirts (boys)
5
Blouse suits (boys)
-
-
-
155
Morning jackets
20
Morning blouses (women)
2
Chemises (women)
74
Extra bags
-
-
-
-
125
Total number pieces
11490
Committee on Civilian Relief
It was the special duty of this committee. to look after the families from which soldiers had gone and where there was a possibility of aid being needed. J. W. Schenker was chairman of the committee. Funds were voted out of the general treasury for the use of this committee from time to time as needed. These funds constituted a revolving fund which was re-im- bursed as necessary from the general treasury. The committee kept a sharp lookout for the needy and ren- dered valuable service. Solders' dependents were giv- en first consideration and whenever one was found in need a sufficient sum was advanced to care for immed- iate needs, which was to be returned if possible when circumstances would permit, to the committee. Month- ly reports were made by the committee. These reports show that funds were used chiefly in five and ten dollar sums, and that in almost all cases the funds were re- turned again by the persons who were given assistance.
52
Petticoats (women's)
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-
-
96
FAYETTE COUNTY
The Department of Military Relief
The Department of Military Relief began work in the room lately vacated by the Post Office. Mrs. Rach- el Sonnemann donated the free use of this room as headquarters for the county chapter. Mrs. F. L. Rice was chairman until January 1918, when she resigned and was succeeded by Mrs. C. F. Houston. In the above mentioned room, at the headquarters of the various branches throughout the county, and in the homes of the members, from the organization of the work till the close of the war the women of the county were to be found "doing their bit." This department furnished a "comfort kit" to every soldier from the county. An itemized report of the work done in this department to- gether with the knitting department is shown else- where.
The Knitting Department
This committee, of which Mrs. H. H. Sonnemann was chairman, began work soon after the foregoing committee. An appeal for knitters was published in the county papers. The response was immediate and generous. The problem soon became not where to find knitters, but how to furnish sufficient supplies. By No- vember there were more than 200 registered accounts at the Vandalia work room alone and work was being done in nine of the township branches. During its ex- istence this department knitted a total of 1081 sweat- ers, 630 pairs of wristlets, 1,000 pairs socks, besides the many other articles knitted. See itemized report.
Clothing for Belgian Relief
In October 1918, the National Commission for Bel- gian Relief asked the American Red Cross Society for 5,000 tons of clothing. Fayette county chapter was asked to furnish one ton of clothing of all kinds for men, women and children. A committee consisting of Mrs. F. T. Denny, Mrs. Chas. St. Pierre and Mrs. Chas. S. Stout was appointed who had in charge the gathering
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IN THE WORLD WAR
and shipping of the clothng. One week after this com- mittee began their work they had collected and had ready to ship over a ton of clothng consisting in large part of garments almost new.
RED CROSS NURSES
Nettie Hunt
The first nurse from Fayette County to see over- seas service was Miss Nettie Hunt. When America en- tered the war she went to St. Louis and volunteered for Red Cross work. She was there a member of one of the first surgical dressing classes and was made an in- spector for this work at the Washington University Medical School, also assisting in this work in the Y. W. C. A. in the evenings. While engaged in this work she entered Barnes Hospital in St. Louis under the Red Cross. After a year in orthopedic work in this insti- tution she received sailing orders for overseas duties, leaving St. Louis in August 1918. She crossed with the 144th Infantry of the Black Hawk Division from Camp Grant, arriving in France by the way of England in September.
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