Ford County, Illinois, county directory, 1917, Part 18

Author:
Publication date: 1917
Publisher: Prairie Farmer Pub. Co
Number of Pages: 162


USA > Illinois > Ford County > Ford County, Illinois, county directory, 1917 > Part 18


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Wall


Loda 1918


G. F. Howk


Peach Orchard


.Melvin


1918


William A. Witt


Sullivant


.Sibley


1918


R. E. Fox.


Drummer


. Gibson City


1918


J. T. Marshall.


Dix


Elliott


1918


Henry Newman


Patton


Paxton


1918


L. J. Kirkpatrick


Button


.Clarence


1918


138


FARMERS AND BREEDERS, FORD COUNTY


FORD COUNTY ASSESSORS


Name


Township


Postoffice


Term Expires


M. W. Schumaker


Rogers


Cabery


1918


Oscar J. Donley


Mona


Kempton


1918


S. D. Hevener ..


Pella


. Piper City


1918


Eldon C. Henry.


Brenton


Piper City


1918


H. E. Fairley ..


Lyman


Roberts


1918


Frank Nicewander


Wall


Melvin


1918


E. E. Thompson


Peach Orchard


. Melvin


1918


John Blum


Sullivant


. Sibley


1918


Amos Ball


Drummer


Gibson


City 1918


Geo. M. Johnson.


Dix


Elliott


1918


Albert Frederickson


Patton


Paxton


1918


W. C. Pool


Button


Clarence


.1918


FORD COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF HIGHWAYS S. E. Wells, County Superintendent of Highways, Piper City, Illinois


Term


Name


Township


Postoffice


Expires


John Sengpiel


Rogers


Cabery


1918


Geo. Greenwood


Rogers


Cabery


1919


L. G. Stewart ..


Rogers


Cabery


1920


James R. Sutton.


Mona


.Kempton


1919


August Richter


Mona


Cullom


1918


Chas. Riebe


Mona


Kempton


1920


John T. Pearson


Pella


Piper City


1919


Pat O'Mara


Pella


Piper City


1918


B. S. Thompson.


7. Pella


Piper City


1920


Ed. Fuoss


Brenton


Thawville


1920


F. W. Tieken.


Brenton


Piper City


1919


Jacob Ehresman


Brenton


. Roberts


1918


W. H. Netherton.


Lyman


. Roberts


1919


Bernhard Wright


Lyman


Roberts


1918


Seward Arnold


Lyman


Roberts


1920


Henry Aukland


Wall


.Loda


1919


Bernard Short


Wall


Melvin


1918


J. S. Kenney


Wall


Loda


1920


H. K. Reehl.


Peach


Orchard


Melvin


1919


John Johnson, Jr Michael Arends


Peach Orchard


.Melvin


1918


Fred Skinner


Sullivant


.Sibley


1919


Jacob Blum


Sullivant


Sibley


1918


P. J. Leenerman.


Sullivant


Sibley


1920


W. H. Ayersman.


Drummer


Gibson City


1919


Sam Suter


Drummer


Proctor


1918


Fred Harm


Drummer


Gibson City


1920


Roy Donovan


Dix


Gibson


City


1919


W. G. Wood.


Dix


.Elliott


1918


William Shilts


Dix


Gibson City


1920


R. C. Park


Patton


Paxton


1920


John Parsons


Button


. Clarence


1920


FORD COUNTY POLICE MAGISTRATES


James W. Moore.


Gibson City


Harry H. Marsh


. Paxton


David Watson


Kempton


Frank Williams


.. Elliott


A. C. Miller


Piper City


139


/


Peach Orchard


Melvin


1920


PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY


FORD COUNTY JUSTICES OF THE PEACE


Name


Township


Postoffice


Term Expires


Nathan P. Wilson


Mona


Kempton


1921


S. M. Erskine.


Pella


Piper City


1921


Chas. Opperman


Brenton


. Piper City


1921


W. O. Sanders


Lyman


. Roberts


1921


Oliver C. Dilks.


Lyman


. Roberts


1921


W. T. Gash.


Peach Orchard


Melvin


1921


E. E. Thompson


Peach Orchard


Melvin


1921


J. H. Carney.


Sullivant


. Sibley


1921


L. FitzHenry


Drummer


Gibson


City 1921


J. M. Burt ..


Drummer


Gibson City


1921


E. H. Fagerburg


Patton


. Paxton


1921


E. O. Newman.


Patton


Paxton


1921


John M. Briney


Patton


Paxton


1921


H. Dienelt


Wall


Melvin


1921


FORD COUNTY CONSTABLES


Name


Township


Postoffice


Term Expires


Fred J. Nightengale.


Brenton


. Piper City


1921


W. F. Lemna


Brenton


Piper City


1917


Albert Sehmann


Sullivant


Sibley


1917


John Rebeck


Sullivant


.Sibley


1921


Ole Stevens


Patton


.Paxton


1921


S. Maile


Patton


Paxton


1921


Charles Lieberg


Patton


. Paxton


1917


F. H. Campbell


Lyman


Roberts


1917


A. F. Perkins


Pella


Piper City


1917


W. S. Williams


Drummer


Gibson City


1921


J. H. Ren


Peach Orchard


Melvin


1921


FORD COUNTY TOWNSHIP TREASURERS


T. R.


Name


Postoffice


T. R.


Name


Postoffice


23-7


Chloe Rady


Gibson City


24-9


William Kenney


Loda


23-8


C. E. Cameron


Elliott


25-7


E. D. Cameron


Sibley


23-9


Philip Larson


Perdueville


25-8


J. A. Rupell


Chatsworth


23-10


W. J. Lateer


Paxton


25-9


J. P. Smith


Roberts


23-11


Edwin Strayer


Clarence


26-9


F. A. Luther


Piper City


23-14


Wm. M. Cutler


Rankin


27-9


S. D. Hevener


Piper City


24-7


C. J. Heckens


Garber


28-9


J. T. Corkill


Kempton


24-8


Geo. T. Ichl


Melvin


29-9


J. F. Schumacker


Cabery


FORD COUNTY OFFICERS


M. L McQuiston


County Judge


J. S. Thompson.


County Clerk


Minnie Smith


Deputy County Clerk


T. A. Flora


. Sheriff


T. M. Flora


Deputy Sheriff


H. B. Shaw


Treasurer


M. E. Hunt.


Deputy Treasurer


H. M. Rudolph


Superintendent of Schools


Ethel R. Kinnison


Deputy Circuit Clerk


F. M. Thompson


State's Attorney


S. E. Wells.


County Superintendent Highways


Charles F. Helman


County Surveyor


S. A. Hanson.


. Coroner


Frank Lindley


Master in Chancery


Otto Carlson.


Superintendent County Farm


W. R. Watts.


.. Circuit Clerk


Dr. I. D. Kelsheimer County Farm Physician


140


FARMERS AND BREEDERS, FORD COUNTY


GENERAL FARM DATA FOR FORD COUNTY ILLINOIS-From 1910 Census


17,096


Number of all farms.


1,747


Color and nativity of farmers:


Native white


1,269


Foreign-born white


478


Negro and other non-white.


.


Number of farms, classified by size:


Under 3 acres.


7


3 to 9 acres.


36


10 to 19 acres


33


20 to 49 acres.


46


50 to 99 acres.


232


100 to 174 acres.


735


175 to 259 acres


392


260 to 499 acres.


254


500 to 999 acres ..


12


1,000 acres and over


Approximate land area .. . acres


320,000


Land in farms ...


. acres


304,019


Improved land in farms.


. acres


300,811


Woodland in farms ..


acres


2,040


Other unimproved land in farms.


. acres


1,168


Percent of land area in farms.


95.0


Percent of farm land improved.


98.9


Average acres per farm.


174.0


Average improved acres per


farm.


. dollars


52,568,207


Land


. dollars


45,288,978


Implements and machinery.


. dollars


756,728


Domestic animals, poultry and bees


. dollars


2,924,496


Percent of value of all property in


Land


86.2


Buildings


6.8


Domestic animals, poultry and bees


5.6


Average values:


All property per farm.


. dollars


30,091


Land and buildings, per farm


. dollars


27,983


Land, per acre ..


. dollars


148.97


Farms reporting domestic animals.


1,736


Value of domestic animals ..


dollars


2,835,704


Cattle:


Total number


13,817


Dairy cows


6,446


Other cows


1,208


Yearling heifers


2,021


Calves


224,211


Yearling steers and bulls.


1,186


Other steers and bulls.


741


Value .


dollars


398,823


Horses:


Total number


16,675


Mature horses


14,230


Yearling colts


1,764


Spring colts


681


Value .


dollars


2,138,148


Mules:


Total number


597


Mature mules


543


Yearling colts


46


Spring colts


8


Value ..


dollars


77,362


Asses and burros:


Number


1


Value


dollars


30


Swine:


Total number


21,410


Mature hogs


13,221


Spring pigs


8,189


Value .


dollars


201,549


Sheep:


Total number


3,569


Rams, ewes and wethers.


2,074


Spring lambs


1,495


Value


dollars


19,720


Goats:


Number


26


Value


. dollars


72


172.2


All farm property value.


Buildings


. dollars


3,598,005


Implements and machinery.


1.4


Population


141


PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY


Number of poultry of all kinds


157,783


Value ..


dollars


86,101


Number of colonies of bees


681


Value ..


dollars


2,691


Number of farms operated by owners.


564


Percent of all farms.


32.3


Land in farms ..


. acres


89,057


Improved land in farms


. acres


88,232


Value of land and buildings.


. dollars


14,763,120


Degree of ownership:


Farms consisting of owned land only.


412


Farms consisting of owned and hired land


152


Color and nativity of owners:


Native white


368


Foreign-born white


196


Negro and other non-white.


Number of farms operated by tenants


1,169


Percent of all farms.


66.9


Land in farms ...


. acres


211,967


Improved land in farms.


. acres


209,626


Value of land and buildings.


. dollars


33,584,073


Form of tenancy:


Share tenants


118


Share cash tenants.


766


Cash tenants .


276


Tenure not specified.


9


Color and nativity of tenants:


Native white


892


Foreign-born white Negro and other non-white.


277


Number of farms operated by managers. Land in farms ..


14


Improved land in farms.


. acres


2,953


Value of land and buildings


. dollars


539,790


Mortgage debt report:


For all farms operated by owners:


Number free from mortgage debt.


289


Number with mortgage debt ...


264


Number with no mortgage report ..


11


For farms consisting of owned land only:


Number reporting debt and amount.


172


Value of their land and buildings.


dollars


4,789,090


Amount of mortgage debt ...


. dollars


1,008,645


Percent of value of land and buildings


21.1


LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS


Dairy cows on farms reporting dairy products.


number


6,178


Dairy cows on farms reporting milk produced.


. number


6,069


Milk produced


. gallons


2,142,969


Sold


gallons


70,361


Cream sold


gallons


31,146


Butter fat sold Produced


. pounds


479,745


Sold


pounds


222,278


Cheese produced


.pounds


20


Sold


. pounds


155,094


Receipts from sale of dairy products.


dollars


98,299


Poultry raised


. number


249,582


Sold


number


102,077


dozens


765,740


Value of poultry and eggs produced.


dollars


257,817


Wool, fleeces shorn ...


. number


1,311


Mohair and goat hair fleeces shorn


number


.


Value of wool and mohair produced.


dollars


2,950


Honey produced


pounds


5,089


Wax produced


. pounds


28


Value of honey and wax produced.


. dollars


771


DOMESTIC ANIMALS SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED


Calves, sold or slaughtered.


number


2,235


Other cattle sold or slaughtered.


. number


4,379


Horses, mules, asses and burros sold.


. number


2,014


Swine sold or slaughtered ...


number


21,689


Sheep and goats sold or slaughtered.


. number


884


Receipts from sale of animals ..


dollars


759,573


Value of animals slaughtered.


. dollars


111,936


Eggs produced Sold


dozens


412,025


Receipts from sale of poultry and eggs.


dollars


129,671


pounds


41,659


Value, of dairy products, excluding home use of milk and cream . . dollars


. acres


2,995


142


FARMERS AND BREEDERS, FORD COUNTY


VALUE OF ALL CROPS


Cereals


dollars


4,901,850


Other grains and seeds.


dollars


4,506


Hay and forage


dollars


232,728


Vegetables


dollars


86,821


Fruits and nuts


dollars


21,181


All other crops.


. dollars


25,871


SELECTED CROPS


Corn


acres


141,112


bushels


6,589,380


acres


91,220


bushels


3,836,545


Wheat


acres


2,330


Emmer and spelt


acres


bushels


acres


14


bushels


360


Buckwheat


acres


bushels


acres


180


All tame or cultivated grasses


. acres


17,312


Timothy alone


acres


8,394


Timothy and clover mixed.


acres


4,884


tons


5,879


Clover alone


acres


3,826


Alfalfa


acre's


6


Millet or Hungarian grass.


acres


131


Other tame or cultivated grasses


acres


71


Wild, salt or prairie grasses


acres


35


Grains cut green.


acres


28


Coarse forage


acres


593


Potatoes


. acres


729


Sweet potatoes and yams


acres


4


All other vegetables.


acres


1,321


Maple trees


number


Maple sugar


(made)


. pounds


Maple sirup


(made)


ยท gallons


Broom corn


acres


.....


FRUITS AND NUTS


Apples


trees


27,876


bushels


8,836


Peaches and nectarines.


. trees


15,064


Pears


trees


1,485


Plums and prunes.


trees


1,908


Cherries


trees


7,906


Quinces


trees


49


Grapes


vines


9,125


Strawberries


acres


2


quarts


2,560


acres


4


quarts


2,034


Blackberries and dewberries.


acres


7


quarts


3,509


Nuts


trees


237


pounds


2,120


MISCELLANEOUS


Labor-farms reporting


1,234


Cash expended


dollars


307,003


Rent and board.


dollars


104,208


Fertilizer-farms reporting


66


Amount expended


dollars


2,771


Feed-farms reporting


587


Amount expended


dollars


45.679


Receipts from sale of feedable crops.


dollars


2.924.401


..


Rve


bushels


1,380


tons


21,302


tons


10,796


tons


4,301


tons


18


tons


234


tons


74


tons


17


tons


59


tons


1,416


bushels


65,644


bushels


323


. . pounds


bushels


6,619


bushels


305


bushels


117


bushels


4,147


bushels


5


pounds


100,429


Raspberries and loganberries


Oats


bushels


45,537


Barley


..


143


PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY


HOW TO ADJUST HORSE AND TRACTOR PLOWS


By C. O. Reed, University of Illinois, in Prairie Farmer


A GOOD plowman plows well with a minimum of draft. He knows that the quality of work done by the plow has considerable in- fluence upon the tilth of the soil, and that plowing at best is a very expen- sive operation.


It has been estimated that the an- nual plowing bill of this country is over $400,000,000 per year. When we consider that the draft of the plow may be increased considerably by common and easily remedied causes, and that the quality of its work may also be materially affected by simple manipulation of certain parts, the sub- ject of the proper adjustment of the plow becomes one of great import- ance. It is the purpose of this ar- ticle to discuss in a practical way important points bearing upon the ef- ficiency of the plow which are often overlooked by the average operator.


Probably the greatest cause for ex- cessive draft in plows is sidedraft. For the practical purposes of this discussion we may consider side-


draft, the loss of power or the in- crease in draft due to the center of the power not being directly ahead of the center of the load, or, in other words, it is the loss of power due to the true line of pull from the team or tractor not coinciding with the true line of draft of the plow. It is obvious that sidedraft cannot be elim- inated unless these two lines coin- cide. It is sometimes claimed that certain patent devices overcome side- draft. Such devices may overcome the sidewise tendency of the plow to some extent by transforming or shift- ing the sidedraft, but they cannot en- tirely eliminate loss of power unless the two lines coincide as described. If the plow is to be pulled with the minimum of power, a hitch must be used that will place the center of power directly ahead of the center, of the load.


When three horses are driven abreast on the common sizes of walk- ing plows or sulkies, sidedraft cannot


26


LINE OF DRAFT


1


-5-12


TRUE LINE OF DRAFT-TWO 14" BOTTOMS Fig. 1. Locating The True Line of Draft Is & Simple Arithmetical Problem.


144


FARMERS AND BREEDERS, FORD COUNTY


be entirely eliminated; but with a high lift sulky it can be partially overcome, and a better quality work will usually result, if the rear fur- row wheel is set to lead slightly away from the furrow bank while the front furrow wheel is set to lead very slightly toward the furrow wall.


Sidedraft resulting from using four or five horses abreast on the ordinary sizes of sulkies and two bottom gang plows can be eliminated by using the tandem hitch. In such a hitch the true line of pull can be brought over the true line of draft. The draft of the implement will be lessened, and usually a better quality of work will result because the soil-working sur- faces of the implement will be held nearer their proper relation to the turning furrow slice.


One often hears these objections to the tandem hitch: it necessitates leav- ing a wide headland; it is a difficult formation in which to handle horses, and it increases draft because the team is "strung out." These objec- tions are not well founded. One might far better take a few extra trips across the headlands in finishing a field than to plow the whole field with loss of power, due to excessive sidedraft; the tandem formation is not a difficult method of driving horses if patience is used during the first half day until the animals be- come accustomed to the formation, and the "strung out" hitch on a gang plow really lessens the draft because the angle of elevation of hitch is de- creased.


If one wishes to make a four or five-horse tandem hitch he can secure detailed information from Prairie Farmer. Reliable plow manufacturers, however, are now making excellent four, five, six and seven-horse tandem hitches and it is doubtful if the aver- age operator can afford to make a hitch for five or more horses when these commercial hitches can be pur- chased at such a reasonable figure. In using a commercial hitch the plow- man should endeavor to attach it so that the true line of pull from the team will fall as near as possible to the true line of draft of the plow. Considering that the center of re- sistance of each plow-bottom lies at a point in the lower corner of the moldboard two inches from the shin, it is a simple matter, as indicated in Fig. 1, to determine that the true


lines of draft of the various sizes of riding plans falls the following dis- tances from the center of the open furrow over which the furrow horse walks:


22 inches in a 16-inch sulky.


25 inches in a 18-inch sulky.


22 inches in a 12-inch double gang.


24 inches in a 13-inch double gang.


26 inches in a 14-inch double gang.


28 inches in a 12-inch triple gang.


In a three-bottom engine gang the true line of draft may be considered to fall through the middle beam, and on a, four-bottom gang it falls mid- way between the two middle beams. The true line of pull from a single drive wheel tractor may be consid- ered to fall through the center of the drive; on a double drive-wheel engine it falls midway between the drive wheels.


The elimination of sidedraft is im- portant also when a tractor is used, both to reduce draft and to produce a better quality of work. If the sidedraft in the power plowing outfit cannot be reduced, it should at least be divided up between the two im- plements. If the plow is forced to carry most of the sidedraft a poorer quality of work is almost sure to result.


Care should be taken also to secure the proper height of hitch on the vertical clevis. Ordinarily the point of attachment of the doubletree to the plow should lie in an imaginary straight line from the horses' hame hooks to the center of resistance. When the horses are driven abreast a practical means of determining this proper height of hitch is to sight to the plow bottom from the hame hooks of the horse standing next to the open furrow. Of course, the plow should be in the furrow when this sighting is done. On a single bail, high-lift rider the hitch sould be at- tached at such a point on the ver- tical clevis that the rear of the beam floats between its stops when the plow is working. When the tandem hitch is substituted for the abreast hitch the point of attachment to the plow should be lowered slightly. It should also be remembered that if increased draft is to be avoided with an engine gang the hitch should be raised or lowered on the plow when the depth of plowing is materially changed.


145


PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY


The hitch is not solely to blame for heavy draft, however. An improper- ly sharpened share may cause exces- sive draft. Some blacksmiths are very apt to purposely increase the share suck so that the plow will be sure to penetrate. As a rule, this practice is to be condemned. It causes a considerable increase in draft; plows have actually been dis- carded as failures simply because the suction was materially changed when the shares were redressed. When the shares are new, measure the amount of share suck, as indicated in Fig. 2, and scratch this figure on the wall of the home shop or preserve it by some other means. Then when the shares are redressed tell the black- smith how much share suck they or- iginally carried.


Landside friction is another cause for unnecessary draft. Under ordin- ary conditions the rear furrow wheel should be moved over on the frame toward the unplowed land to hold the landside away from the furrow wall. Sliding friction will then be elimi- nated between the landside and soil because the rear wheel will carry the sidethrust of the implement. A com- mon form of adjustment for this pur- pose is shown at A in Fig. 3. Other makes of plows carry devices for this purpose at the same point. Some plow experts claim that the landside should be held a half-inch or a finger's width from the furrow wall. Usually a quarter of an inch will suffice. If an abreast hitch is being used on a plow which is working in very soft ground, sufficient side- draft may exist in the imple- ment to cause the rear furrow wheel to cut into and break up the furrow wall. Under such conditions the operator will have to let the land- side take the sidethrust if he refuses to use the tandem hitch.


Although non-scouring does not oc- cur frequently enough in some local- ities to be called a common trouble, still it is apt to occur in spring plow- ing in any, heavy soil, and when it does exist it is an exceptionally ob- stinate trouble to overcome. Even slight non-scouring will lessen the ef- ficiency of the plow if it increases draft and destroys the laying over ef- fect of the moldboard sufficiently to lessen the pulverizing action. Every


plowman knows that when a small portion of soil sticks to the mold of a walking plow it can be quickly forced off by the plowman bearing down on the outside handle in order to throw the plow on its wing for , moment. With a riding plow the operator does the same thing by rais- ing the front furrow wheel for a few seconds. This indicates that the set of the plow has considerable in- fluence upon scouring.


Usually non-scouring can be rem- edied to some degree by making ad- justments that will increase the pres- sure of the furrow slice upon the mold. Thus, setting the plow to cut a little wider or a little deeper may lessen the trouble, or setting the colt. er to space off a wider furrow slice may have the same effect. If the loose, fine soil which is freed by the colter finds its way on to the mold- board it may cause non-scouring. This condition can often be remedied by setting the colter well forward.


Increasing the suction of a plow bottom and winging the plow down will usually effect better scouring, but it must be remembered that such pro- cedure may increase the draft. On some horse plows the suction can be increased by lengthening the rear bail, by raising the frame on the rear


Fig. 2. The Proper Amount of Share Suction Should Be Main- tained When the Shares Are Re- dressed.


wheel, or by moving the rear bail slightly forward. If the operator must resort to this latter adjustment he should proceed only with great cau- tion after he has made sure that he can retrace his steps if the new ad- justment fails to bring relicf. It is a delicate means of affecting the suc- tion and should be used only by care- ful operators who are well acquainted with their implements. On some en gine gangs the suck of each plow can be increased by a special suck regu- lator, and the bottoms can also. be winged down by a special device for the purpose. On other engine gangs and on most horse plows the bot-


146


FARMERS AND BREEDERS, FORD COUNTY


toms can be winged down for a mo- ment by running the frame out of level.


Excessive sidedraft may cause the molds to drop back sufficiently from their proper position in respect to the oncoming furrow slice to allow non-


A


-


S


Fig. 3. The rear furrow wheel should be set to hold the landside away from the fur- row wall.


scouring. This is often the cause for the trouble when non-scouring oc- curs with 12-inch gangs. Of course, the remedy is to be found in the nitch as described above.


Rust on the moldboard as the cause for non-scouring is too familiar to deserve discussion. If the soil-work- ing surfaces fail to shed the soil properly when the plow is first taken


to the field, usually the desired land polish of these surfaces can be hasten- ed by increasing the depth of plowing for an hour or so. The lacquer on new plow bottoms can best be removed with varnish re- mover. If lye is resorted to for this purpose, the moldboard should be washed immediately after the appli- cation and wiped dry.


A gang plow which throws furrow crowns of unequal height cannot be said to be doing work of good qual- ity. This results in alternately high and low furrow backs throughout the field, the surface of which cannot be pulverized uniformly with the mini- mum of effort in the subsequent til- lage operations. With either a horse or engine gang, in which the frame is run level, the common causes for alternately high and low furrow crowns are: Colters not being set alike, and the front bottom cutting too wide or too narrow. The remedy for the first cause is obvious. On an engine gang the second cause can usually be overcome by adjusting the hitch; on a horse gang it can be over- come by shifting the front furrow wheel in or out on the frame by some such device for the purpose as is shown at A in Fig. 4. This figure also illustrates the methods of meas- uring the width of cut of the front plow, which should be the same as that of the rear bottom.


The set of the colters has a de- cided influence upon the draft of a plow and upon its quality of work. Ordinarily the colter bearing should be placed over the point of the share. In sod the blade should cut the en- tire depth of the furrow and a half- inch to land. In stubble it should penetrate from one-half to two-thirds of the depth of the furrow and should be set five-eighths of an inch to land. If a sharp colter blade fails to cut through heavy, wet corn stalks, try setting it a little closer to the shin of the plow, a little higher, and back on the beam in such a position that it can mount the trash and carry it down to shear it against the plow shin.


If difficulty is being experienced in getting under a heavy layer of fine surface trash, attach a six-foot piece of No. 9 wire to the yoke of each colter, letting the end of the wire drag along under the newly turned slice. The wire will stretch tight across the surface of the slice as it


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PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY


is raised and inverted, thus holding the trash in place until it is well covered. This makes an inexpensive and easily attached trash coverer.


The prospective tractor owner usu- ally seeks draft data on plows through which he may secure information in regard to the proper size of plow to use with a certain tractor. There is a lack of such data for both horse and engine gangs. Some work along this line has been done, however, and the results may be used as a fair indication of the draft of plows under certain conditions.




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