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The officers of Company C were: Captain, Charles A. Summers, succeeded by Zebulon Hall; First Lieutenant, Zebulon Hall, suc- ceeded by Edward Hall; Second Lieutenants, Edward Hall and M. B. Thompson, all of Homer.
The officers of Company I were: Captains, Samuel Houston, of Newcomb, afterwards promoted to Major, and Everett G. Knapp, of Champaign; First Lieutenants, William W. Brown, of Middletown, Everett G. Knapp, of Champaign, and Josiah Stacher, of Middle- town; Second Lieutenants, Julius A. Brown, Everett G. Knapp, of Champaign, and Josiah Stacher, of Middletown.
The officers of Company K were: Captain, Ezekiel Boyden, succeeded by James M. Tracy, and Edward S. Sherman, all of Urbana; First Lieutenant, Benjamin Burt, succeeded by Guy D. Penfield, Edward L. Sherman, David M. Richards, and George Wiser, all of Urbana; Second Lieutenant, George W. Flynn (pro- moted to Adjutant), George N. Richards, Ed- ward L. Sherman, and David M. Richards, all of Urbana.
This regiment also marched and fought, los- ing many men in skirmish and battle, and leav- ing a brilliant record for gallantry and useful- ness.
The regiment participated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Stone River, Chickamauga, the siege of Atlanta and innumerable skirmishes.
When the term of service of the Twenty- fifth had expired Col. W. H. Gibson, command- ing the brigade to which the regiment was at-
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HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY.
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tached, addressed the men, through an order, in this highly complimentary manner:
"Soldiers of the Twenty-fifth Illinois Volun- teers: As your term for three years' service has expired, and you are about to proceed to your State to be mustered out, it is fitting and proper that the Colonel commanding should express to each and all his earnest thanks for the cheerful manhood with which, during the present campaign, you have sub- mitted to every hardship, overcome every diffi- culty, and for the magnificent heroism with which you have met, and vanquished the foe. Your deportment in camp has been worthy true soldiers, while your conduct in battle has excited the admiration of your companions in arms. Patriotic thousands and a noble State will give you a reception worthy of your sac- rifice and your valor. You have done your duty. The men who rallied under the starry emblem of our nationality at Pea Ridge, Corinth, Champion Hills, Stone River, Chick- amauga, Mission Ridge, Noonday Creek, Pine- top Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, Chatta- hoochie, Peachtree Creek and Atlanta, having made history for all time and coming genera- tions to admire, your services will ever be gratefully appreciated. Officers and soldiers, farewell! May God guarantee to each health, happiness and usefulness in coming life, and may our country soon emerge from the gloom of blood that now surrounds it, and again enter upon a career of progress, peace and prosperity."
The Twenty-sixth Regiment was recruited soon after the Twenty-fifth, and Charles J. Tinkham, of Homer, became the first Lieuten- ant-Colonel.
One company of this regiment, Company F, was largely recruited from the eastern part of Champaign County. Its officers were Captains, C. J. Tinkham (promoted to Lieutenant-Colo- nel), and Lee M. Irwin, of Homer; First Lieu- tenants, George H. Knapp and Samuel M. Cus- ter, of Homer, and Richard McCormick, of Ur- bana; Second Lieutenants, S. M. Custer, Eze- kiel S. Cusick and W. C. Custer, of Homer.
A large proportion of the men of this com- pany veteranized with the regiment, and marched with Sherman to the sea, participated in the Grand Review at Washington and were mustered out at Louisville, July 20, 1865. Its list of battles and marches show four years
of arduous service, for it marched 6,931 miles and fought twenty-eight hard battles and in- numerable skirmishes.
The Seventy-sixth Regiment was organized at Kankakee, and was mustered into the serv- ice at that place August 22, 1862.
Samuel T. Busey, of Urbana, mustered in as Captain of Company B, was promoted to Lieu- tenant-Colonel, and on January 7, 1863-less than five months after the muster of the regi- ment-by the resignation of Colonel Mack, succeeded to the command as Colonel of the regiment, and remained at its head through all its marches, sieges and battles, and was mustered out with his men, with the brevet rank of Brigadier-General.
George J. Hodges, of Champaign, was mus- tered in as Quartermaster and was succeeded, August 9, 1864, by John W. Somers, of Urbana.
Companies B and G were made up almost entirely of men from Urbana and Champaign, and from the nearby country.
Succeeding Colonel Busey as Captain of Company B, upon his promotion to the Lieu- tenant-Colonency, were: Homer W. Ayers, Ning A. Riley, John K. Miller and Robert A. Frame-all of Urbana, and all of whom were promoted from the rank of First Lieutenant. Other First Lieutenants were Matthew L. Busey, of Champaign, and James E. Smith, of Urbana. Besides those above named as pro- moted from Second Lieutenant, Samuel San- som, of Urbana, came to that office.
When mustered in, Joseph Park, of Urbana, was mustered as Captain of Company G, but was succeeded January 5, 1863, by Joseph In- gersoll, of Urbana, who was promoted from First Lieutenant, and commanded until the muster-out. He was succeeded by James R. Dunlap, of Urbana, who was promoted from Second Lieutenant, and who, in turn, was suc- ceeded as Second Lieutenant by Albert P. Cunningham and Thomas M. Brannon, both of Urbana.
This regiment, after much marching and counter-marching, by steamer on the Missis- sippi and by land, in June, 1863, joined Grant's army in the siege of Vicksburg, remaining and participating in that memorable campaign to the surrender, immediately after which it took part with Gen Slocum's command in the ad- vance against Jackson, Miss. It had previously participated in the skirmishes on the Big Black
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HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY.
and at Champion Hills, as well as at Jackson, which was evacuated by the rebel forces. The regiment afterwards took part in the battles of Benton, Vaughan's Station, Deasonville, between Jackson and Clinton in Mississippi, and the siege of Spanish Fort and Fort Blake- ley, near Mobile, where it was the first to plant its colors upon that noted work. It lost many men upon the battlefield, besides the many who were severely maimed. The regi- ment traveled over ten thousand miles and was mustered out at Galveston, Tex., July 22, 1865.
The One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment was raised largely in the two counties of Champaign and Vermilion, and was mustered in at Danville, on September 3, 1862, under Col. Oscar F. Harmon, of Danville, with James W. Langley, of Champaign, as Lieutenant-Colo- nel, and A. M. Ayers, of Urbana, Quartermaster. After the death of Colonel Harmon, who fell at Kenesaw Mountain, June 27, 1864, Colonel Langley was promoted to the command of the regiment, which position he occupied at the muster-out.
Companies E, F and H were made up of Champaign County men in the main, and were officered as follows: Company E, Nathan M. Clark, of Champaign, Captain, succeeded, after his disability by the loss of an arm, by George W. B. Sadorus, of Sadorus; First Lieutenant, William G. Isom, of Champaign, succeeded by George Scroggs, of Champaign; Second Lieu- tenant, John Urquhart, succeeded by Martin V. Stone, of Champaign.
Frederick B. Sale, of Newcomb, was Captain of Company F, and was succeeded by John B. Lester, of the same town. Succeeding Lester as First Lieutenant was William R. Shoup, of Newcomb. Alfred Johnson, of East Bend, was at first Second Lieutenant, and was succeeded by William R. Shoup and John J. White, of Newcomb.
Pleasant M. Parks, of Urbana, was Captain of Company H, succeeded by John C. Harbor, of Sadorus; David A. Brenton, of Middletown, became First Lieutenant, and was succeeded by Samuel M. Dunseth, of Urbana.
This regiment was engaged in the battles of Perryville, Missionary Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Kenesaw Mountain, Peachtree Creek, the siege of Atlanta, Jonesboro, and marched with Sherman to the Sea. After accomplishing this
the regiment started for the North, when it en- countered opposition at Averysboro and Ben- tonville, where severe battles were fought and many lives lost.
It now only remained to join in the Grand Review at Washington, the rebel forces in front of the regiment having surrendered, made the rest easy.
The One Hundred and Thirty-fifth Regiment was mustered in June 6, 1864, for a service of one hundred days. Col. John S. Wolfe, of Champaign, was mustered as its Colonel, and Dr. S. H. Birney, of Urbana, as Surgeon.
Company A was raised in Champaign County. Its Captain was Benjamin Burt; First Lieu- tenant, George N. Richards; Second Lieuten- ant, William Archdeacon-all of Urbana.
Company B was also raised in Champaign County, and was officered with Edward Bailey as Captain, Patrick H. Scott, First Lieutenant, and Joseph E. Conklin, Second Lieutenant- all of Champaign.
This regiment was assigned to guard duty at exposed places, and in that manner relieved veterans for service at the front.
Company I of the Second Regiment, Illinois Cavalry, was largely made up of citizens of Champaign County, and was at the first commanded by Capt. Charles A. Vieregg, of Champaign, who was succeeded in the com- mand by Henry Bartling, of Champaign, for a short time, and finally by Moses E. Kelley, of Pesotum. The two gentlemen last named were promoted from First Lieutenants, besides whom Francis M. Laybourne, of Sid- ney, filled that position, while John H. Casey, of Urbana, Albert T. Hall, of Champaign, and Thomas J. Clark, of Sidney, were Second Lieu- tenants of the company. Many of the men of this company veteranized at the end of their term of enlistment.
The regiment was mustered in on August 12, 1861, and was finally mustered out on No- vember 24, 1865, and arrived at Springfield September 28, 1865.
The history of this regiment shows a mar- velous range of travel up and down the Valley of the Mississippi, and latterly on both sides of that river. Its battles and skirmishes count correspondingly high up in numbers, and it will be easily understood that the regiment performed an important part in clearing the great valley of the foes of the Government.
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HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY.
Many Champaign County men found places in Company I, Tenth Illinois Cavalry, which was mustered in at Camp Butler in Septem- ber, 1861. James Butterfield, of Champaign, was its first Captain, followed by William H. Coffman, of the same place, who was promoted from the lieutenancy. James S. Freeman, of Sidney, also filled the first lieutenancy, and John F. Black, of Sidney, and Simon Balt- zell, of Urbana, the second lieutenancy. Many names of well known citizens of the county appear upon the rolls, many of whom re-en- listed as veterans. This company was also joined by many of their Champaign County neighbors as recruits, during its term of service.
This regiment was not exempt from the usual excessive marches imposed upon. cavalry men, and they seem to have done their part, and, of course, took part in skirmishes and battles at many points. The regiment has an honorable record.
Scattered through the records of many of the Illinois regiments, in small squads or in isolated numbers, are found the names of many from the various towns of Champaign County, but most conspicuously as members of Companies B and E of the Fifty-first Infantry, and of Company G of the Seventy-second In- fantry. These regiments left records which re- flect honor upon every member and upon the State whose name they bore.
Dr. Charles A. Hunt, long a citizen of Ur- bana, and at one time its Mayor, was the Sur- geon of the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment, and died, as such, at the Mound City Hospital, August 2, 1863. Dr. J. T. Miller, of Urbana, was Surgeon of the Sixtieth Illi- nois Infantry.
The Records from the office of the Adjutant General, of which the foregoing is a brief statement, is a cold, formal story of the part taken by the citizens of this county in the greatest contest of arms that ever took place upon this continent, if not in the world; but the briefer legends of a line set opposite the name of each man, to the relatives of the sol- dier and to posterity, tell the story which, too often, ends in death. We there read: "Killed at Jackson;" "killed at Chickamauga;" "killed at Ft. Donelson;" "killed at Blakeley;" "killed at Jackson X-Roads;" "killed at Ken- esaw;" "killed at Missionary Ridge;" "killed at
Stone River;" " killed at Bentonville;" "killed at Savannah;" "killed by guerrillas;" or, that other equally painful legend: "Died at Mem- phis," "Natchez," "St. Louis," "Vicksburg," "Columbus," "Lexington," "New Orleans," "Helena," "Andersonville," "Rolla," "Nash- ville," "Knoxville," "Murfreesboro," "Libby Prison," "Big Shanty," "Goldsboro," and "Louisville."
While brief, these lines speak volumes. They tell of the crushed hopes of mothers at the loss of sons and of the agonies suffered by bereaved widows. They tell of the end of hopeful lives and of the termination of many plans for life. They tell of orphaned children and of broken homes. This feature of the war for the sup- pression of the Great Rebellion, as the parents and widows of deceased soldiers pass away, loses its poignancy, but will never cease to awaken in other mothers and wives feelings of sympathy.
The home-coming of regiments and com- panies, or of the remnants of such, after those years of absence-the sons, and husbands, and brothers again appearing in life-was joyous to those who had long kept watch upon the progress of the war, and had waited the event of peace to again welcome, to home and to civil life, those who went forth at the country's call. No victory of the national arms was ever received with such shouts of cheer and ringing of bells as were the reports of the evacuation of the rebel capital at Richmond and of the surrender at Appomattox; for this news meant the termination of the strife, the end of car- nage.and the return home of the survivors of those who went out to overthrow rebellion. Champaign County received its returning heroes most enthusiastically and gratefully, and welcomed them to its places of honor and trust, as they deserved to be.
A few months, and the commotion of war had passed into the civil life of the country, as all over the North the soldiers were putting off the blue uniforms and putting on their farm and shop clothes, and dropping back into their places in life before the war. We were to see no more trains loaded with men for the front going south; no more pine boxes from the South bearing home, for burial, our old friends from the battlefields and hospitals; no more furloughed soldiers enfeebled by dis- ease, coming north in search of health, either
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HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY.
to die at home or to return to take their chances of death.
In place of these a reviving industry and a united country.
CHAPTER XXVII.
TOWNSHIP HISTORY.
SKETCHES OF THE SEVERAL TOWNS OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY-AYERS-BROWN-CHAMPAIGN - COLFAX -COMPROMISE-CONDIT - CRITTENDEN - EAST BEND-HARWOOD-HENSLEY-KERR - LUDLOW- MAHOMET-NEWCOMB - OGDEN - PESOTUM - PHILO-RANTOUL-RAYMOND-SADORUS - SAINT JOSEPH-SCOTT-SIDNEY-SOMER-SOUTH HOMER -STANTON-TOLONO-URBANA-THE TWIN CITIES AND THE UNIVERSITY.
Heretofore, in attempting to tell the story of Champaign County, the narrative has fol- lowed the early settlements around the timber groves and belts along the streams, and is- except in that connection-barren of facts con- nected with the prairie settlements, which, in fact, embrace the greatest part of the county. To approximate a complete history, much remains to be told of the more modern history of the county, wherein it has been changed from a waste of prairie-most beauti- ful to look upon but without profit to the owner-into .highly productive farm lands.
To supply this link in the history no better process suggests itself than to tell the story of each township separately or so much of.it as is available.
This will be done following the list alpha- betically :
AYERS.
This town stands at the head of the list, although it is the youngest of the family and one of the smallest in size. It is located in the southeast corner of the county, and embraces so much of Congressional Township Number 17, in Range 14 West of the Second Principal Meridian as lies within the county, and also the narrow township No. 17 in Range 11, lying between the two surveys, and so while six miles from north to south, is but three and three-quarter miles from east to west. In the first division of the county into civil town-
ships, this territory was included within the town of South Homer and so remained until, by the action of the Board of Supervisors, in 1885, it was set off as a separate town under the name of "Ayers," in honor of M. P. Ayers, of Jacksonville, then the largest land-owner in the township.
Near the north line is the natural grove of timber known to the pioneers as "Lost Grove," and which was an important landmark for trav- elers across the prairies. As will be presumed the name of this small collection of timber is said to have been given to it from some early incident transpiring there. This incident, tradition tells us, was the finding there of the body of a man in the early times, who, it was supposed, had lost his course dur- ing a severe. storm and perished within the grove.
Here was made the first home in the town- ship by a man named West, who, as early as 1850, pre-empted land there, built a shanty and in 1853 sold out his right to John F. Thompson. The latter took possession in 1855, with his family, where he lived until his death.
A man named Patterson made the next im- provement in the town near the southeast corner about 1853.
In 1852 Michael L. Sullivant, a prominent and influential citizen of Columbus, Ohio, entered largely of the lands within this and adjoining towns from the United States Government, and subsequently, when the alternate sections be- longing 'to the Illinois Central Railroad Com- pany came into market, he purchased these sections, so that at one time he was the owner of 27,000 acres, partly within what is now Ayers but extending into adjoining towns. At one time Mr. Sullivant's holdings covered nearly every tract in the township. About 1855 he began improving and putting in practice(1)
(1)Touching this immigration to Champaign County, the "Ohio Statesman," of Columbus, of date February 20, 1855, had this to say:
"The outfit was an admirable one. The wag- ons were constructed in such a manner as to answer the purpose of tents, and will be used as such until suitable buildings can be erected by the mechanics of the company for their ac- commodation. The Messrs. Sullivant have pur- chased vast tracts of land in Central and Northern Illinois, and are preparing to culti- vate several thousands of acres the present sea- son.
"The party that left to-day intend to pre- pare the land for ploughing, hedging and planting, and to erect the necessary buildings for the tenants. They take along several bush- els of locust seed, walnuts, hickory nuts, chest-
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HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY.
his theories of farming upon a large scale by building, at a high point on his land, a board- ing house with an abundance of barns and out- buildings, which he called "Headquarters," near to which he erected a family home, and from which place, like a feudal lord, he ruled his immense domain upon which he had located a numerous tenantry. He named his estate "Broadlands," the memory of which is perpet- uated in the name of the village and station on the Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad, which divides the town from east to west. Like most such experiments in the hands of theo- rists, Mr. Sullivant's attempt at farming upon a large scale was a financial failure. His holdings passed to other hands and, finally- to the great advantage of the public-to the hands of individual holders in small tracts of the usual size, so that now the town is in- habited by a self-reliant, enterprising people, dependent upon none but themselves.
Within this town is the thriving and enter -. prising village of Broadlands, which perpetu- ates the home of Mr. Sullivant and the memory of the first settlement. This place is supplied with stores, shops and a bank, all of which are equal to the demands of the adjacent farming community. The place affords one of the best grain markets in the county.
BROWN.
Following out the alphabetical order takes the further consideration of the towns to the northwest corner of the county, where is located the town of Brown, commensurate with Township 22, in Range 7 East of the Third Principal Meridian, as defined by the Congressional survey. With the exception of skirtings of small timber along the Sangamon River, the township is a rolling prairie of great natural beauty.
The first settler was William B. King, who, in 1834, settled upon the southeast quarter of Section 5, which he entered at the Govern- ment Land Office in 1835, near the Sangamon River and timber. It was the first entry of land in that town. He enjoyed his isolation, as a "squatter" upon the national domain for
many years before any one came to encroach upon his feed lots. His was a point upon the old Danville and Fort Clark road, which crossed the Sangamon River at Newcomb's Ford, as elsewhere told, and skirted the river to the northwest on its way to Cheney's Grove, As stated in a former chapter, King's was a camping ground for travelers, like Prather's on the Salt Fork, Stanford's at the north end of the Big Grove, and Newcomb's at the ford of the Sangamon. Only two other entries of lands were made in the township before 1840.
Among other early settlers there was Wil- liam Brown, who came soon after King, but settled in Section 1, some miles away. Early in the 'fifties came Thomas Stevens, a large dealer in cattle; Ithamar Maroney, William H. Groves, William Dobson, William Peabody, David Carter, Samuel Houston and Robert Fisher. At the date of the first settlement the territory composing East Bend and Brown Townships was embraced in one town, under the name of East Bend; but in 1869 the west township was set off and named in honor of the early settler, William Brown.
The town is divided from east to west by the Rantoul branch of the Illinois Central Rail- road, by the Chicago branch of the Wabash Railroad diagonally from north to south, while the Gilman branch of the former road cuts off a small part at the northwest corner, so that the town has excellent shipping facilities.
Two thriving villages-Fisher at the south- east and Foosland at the northwest-afford shipping and trading facilities. Howard at the southwest affords accommodation for the peo- ple of that section.
CHAMPAIGN.
This town-owing to its having within its borders no grove or timber belt-did not, at the first settlement of the county, attract those in search of homes, for its prairies, in the estima- tion of the pioneers, were uninhabitable. So, not for more than twenty years after Fielder and Tompkins had made their homes in the near-by Big Grove-all of which lay in Townships 19 and 20 of Range 9-no one appeared with dar- ing enough to cross the range line (now First Street, Champaign), and make his home in Township 19 of Range 8. Not until about 1843 did William Phillips (whom the people, for the love of him-for he was a local preacher of the
nuts, red cedar berries, and a considerable quantity of Osage Orange seed for the purpose of hedging. Another party will leave here in about a month, destined to the same place, and still another about the same time, will open another farm of several thousand acres in Northern Illinois for Mr. Sullivant."
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HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY.
Methodist Church-called "Billy Phillips") make his home upon the southwest quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 12, afterwards known as the farm of C. F. Columbia, now a part of the City of Champaign. Not a dozen men entered land in the township before 1850. The largest investor before that date was John S. Beasley, who took up over 1,200 acres here, and many more acres in adjoining towns.
In 1852 and 1853 James Curtiss entered over 1,600 acres of land in Sections 3, 9, 11 and 15, most of which has since been known as the "Arthur Farm." Mr. Curtiss, who had been an early resident and at one time Mayor of Chicago, about 1854 made his home with his family upon these lands, now viewed as a princely domain of highly cultivated lands- then a wide expanse of rolling prairie- covered with its dress of wild flowers and grasses. Mr. Curtiss died in 1859. W. R. Arthur succeeded to the ownership of these lands, to which he added the whole of Section 10, and which he occupied until his death in recent years.
James Myers, in 1848, entered 40 acres in Section 1, upon which he made his home for many years. The land is now within the. city. So, before 1850 Moses Moraine, Robert Logan, Thomas Magee and Joseph Evans en- tered small tracts in Sections 1, 12 and 13, all of which are now inside the corporation.
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