USA > Illinois > Kane County > Historical encyclopedia of Illinois and History of Kane County > Part 2
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The business management of the enterprise rests with the publishers, who have had a long and successful experience in the publication of works of this character, and to whom the credit is due for the thoroughly excellent form of a combined work of such interest to the citizens of Kane County. Judged by the literary and artistic quality of the Historical Encyclopedia, and the experience of those gentlemen who have had charge of the biographical department, so inseparably connected with the history of the county's development and progress, I feel confident that the volume will have a permanent value.
In the performance of the task assigned to me, my effort has been to set forth, as concisely as the circumstances would justify, the coming of the white man and the natural features of the country as he found it; its wonderfully varied fauna and flora ; the fertility of the soil and its ready availability for the purposes of the hus- bandman when occupied; to note its political and industrial development. and to furnish some enduring-though necessarily incomplete-record of the toils, the privations and the achievements of those enterprising pioneers who laid the founda- tions of our county's present prosperity. Many of these, as well as their descendants and successors, who will read this history, have been my life-long friends; and if I could feel assured that they will experience the same pleasure in its perusal that I have felt in its preparation, I shall feel deeply grateful. And if, on the other hand, the story of the achievements of the pioneer occupants of the soil in Kane County, shall have the effect to awaken in the minds of the present generation a true con- ception of the obligation which they owe to those who preceded them, and to the benign Providence whose guidance brought them to this land, I shall feel amply repaid for my labor.
John & Wiley.
Kane County.
INDEX.
CHAPTER I.
THIE INDIANS. PAGE.
Aboriginal Period in Fox River Val-
ley 619
Indian Tribes in Illinois
619
War Chief Waubonsie.
620
Removal of the Pottawatomies Be- yond the Mississippi. 620
Chief Neoqua 620
Water-Routes and Portages. 6.20
The Illinois Indian Confederacy . 620-62I Pere Membre's Account of La Van-
tum 621
Indian Character
621
Indian Mounds and Burial Grounds 621
CHAPTER II.
TOPOGRAPHY AND FLORA.
Characteristics of the Fox River Val- ley 621
Its Natural Beauty and Fertility 621
Fox River Tributaries 622
Miniature Lakes
622
Rich Timber Lands
622
Cedar Swamp.
622
Shrubs and Small Plants.
623
Indigenous Fruits, Flowers and Small Plants 623-624
CHAPTER III.
FAUNA.
Indian Tradition of a Cold Winter. 624
Illinois the Home of the Bison and
the Elk
624
PAGE.
Indian Round-up at Buffalo Rock. 625
Red Deer and Smaller Animals. .
.
625
Reptiles
625
Land and Water-Fowl.
626
Bird Life in General
626-627
CHAPTER IV.
EVOLUTION OF KANE COUNTY.
Water Courses Converging towards
Illinois 628
Transportation and Immigration. 628
Early French Visitors. 628 Illinois Country in Transition. 628
As Part of Virginia. 628
Ordinance of 1787
628
Northwest Territory Organized. 628
Visit of Governor St. Clair.
628
Illinois Part of Indiana Territory. . 629
Illinois Enabling Act and Northern
Boundary Question. 629
Delegate Nathaniel Pope's Foresight 629 Indian Treaty of 1804. 629
Governmental Changes 630
Kane County Organized.
630
First Election and County Officers.
630
Township Organization
630
CHAPTER V.
COMING OF THE WHITE MAN.
Indian Dissatisfaction and Unrest .. 631 Lieut. James Watson Webb's Jour- ney 631
Major Stephen H. Long's Visit .... 631
KANE COUNTY INDEX.
PAGE.
Black Hawk's Raid
631-632
Stillman's Defeat
632
Gen. Scott at Ft. Dearborn.
632
A Cholera Scourge.
632
Scott's Army Trail Through Kane
County
632
Early Squatters and Their Charac-
teristics
632-633
CHAPTER VI.
EARLY HOME-SEEKERS.
Hardships of Early Immigration. . . 634
An Emigrant's Outfit.
634
Locating a Claim and the Squatter's
Home
635
Stock Shelters.
635
A Prairie Fire Described .
636
Hardships
Endured by
Pioneer
Women
636-637
Building a "Worm Fence
637
CHAPTER VII.
MILLS, DAMS AND BRIDGES.
Early Mill Builder,
637-638
The McCarty Brothers
638
The Beginning of Aurora
638
James T. Gifford's Perilous
Jour-
ney
638-640
The Site of Elgin Claimed.
640
Pioneer Mills.
640
Early Saw-Mills
641
First Bridge over Fox River. . . 641-642
CHAPTER VIII.
LAND-CLAIMS, SURVEYS AND LAND-TITLES. Pioneer Immigration of 1838-40. . . 642 Methods of Locating and Protecting Land Claims . 642-643
Struggles with the Land-Grabber and the Claim-Jumper 643
First Government Surveys
643
The System Described .
643-644
PAGE.
Thomas Hutchins, the First Gov-
ernment Surveyor
544
Preëmption Titles
644-645
Land-Office Opened at Chicago.
645
Fighting Land-Sharks
645
CHAPTER IX.
STRUGGLES OF EARLY SETTLERS.
Some Early Problems
646
Breaking the Prairie Sod and First
Crops
646-647
Some Discouraging Conditions.
647
Methods of Pioneer Farming
648
The Grain-Market Previous to 1860 649
"Red - Dog," "Wild - Cat "
and
"Stump-Tail " Currency 649
Hardships of Early Housewives.
649
A Pioneer Home Described.
650
Fishing in Fox River
650
Wages and Produce Prices
65I
Chicago as a Market.
651
The Old "Sauganash'
651
CHAPTER X.
A REVOLUTION IN INDUSTRIES.
Agriculture Gives Way to Dairying 652 Growth of the Dairying Business. .. 653 History of Elgin Dairy Board of Trade 653
Statistics of Butter and Cheese
Trade 653-654 Introduction of Percheron Horses. 654 Other Species of Stock-Breeding . 654-655 Development of Manufacturing In- dustries 655
Growth of Kane County Towns and
Cities
.655-656
Aurora the First City in the World
to Light Its Streets with Elec-
tricity
656
Banking Business and Property Val-
uations
656
KANE COUNTY INDEX.
CHAPTER XI.
PAGE.
CHURCHES, SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES.
Pioneer Preachers. 657
A Camp-Meeting Revival
658
Sunday Schools and Church Socie-
ties 658
Church and Sunday School Statistics 659
An Abraham Lincoln Story
665
Early Common Schools. 660
Statistics of Kane County Public
Schools
661
Elgin Academy's Contribution to the Union Army 661
Batavia Institute and St. Mary's Academy, Elgin 662
Libraries : Aurora and Batavia Pub-
lic Libraries, Gail Borden Library
at Elgin
.662-664
CHAPTER XII.
POLITICS AND PUBLIC OFFICERS.
Early Politics in Kane County . . . . . 664 Presidential Elections and Party
Votes 665
Representatives in Congress.
666
Presidential
Electors and Federal
Officers
.666-667
Kane County Representatives in Con-
stitutional Conventions
667
Members of General Assembly. . 667-668
Circuit Judges and Clerks of Circuit
Court
668
County Officers, 1836-1903.
.669-670
CHAPTER XIII.
PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS.
Elgin and Aurora Postoffice Build- ings 670
Illinois Northern Hospital for the Insane 670
State Training School for Girls.671-673
St. Charles Boys' Home.
673-674
Kane County Court Houses.
.674-675
County Alms-House
676
CHAPTER XIV. PAGE.
HIGHWAYS, POSTOFFICES, NEWSPAPERS.
Trend of Roads toward the North-
west
676
Indian Trails Develop Into State Lines and State Roads. 677
Road Laws.
.677-678
Railways and Post Routes
678-679
Free Delivery of Mail.
679
Postoffices
679-681
Press History
681-682
David C. Cook Publishing Company 681
CHAPTER XV.
LEGAL AND MEDICAL PROFESSIONS.
Anecdotes of Early Courts 68.2
First Circuit Judges.
682
Notable Members of the Bar
683
Methods of Early Lawyers
683
Pioneer Physicians and Their Hard-
ships
683-684
Allopathy the Only "Pathy" of Early
Days
684
Some Notable Physicians.
685
Dr. Charles V. Dyer
685
Drs. Tyler, Pingree and Clark
685
CHAPTER XVI.
MILITARY HISTORY.
Kane County Patriotism. 686
"Memorial Day" Celebrations.
686
Reminiscences of Early Wars.
686
Memories of the Alamo.
686
Response to the Firing on Fort Sum-
ter 687
Kane County in the Civil War. . 687-688
The Fox River Regiment.
688-689
The Eighth Illinois Cavalry
689
Lincoln Regiment ; Fifty-Second Illi- nois Infantry 689
Seventeenth Illinois Cavalry.
690
Other Military Organizations from
Kane County
690
KANE COUNTY INDEX.
PAGE.
Commissioned Officers from Kane
County ..
..
691-692
General Field Officers.
692
Enlistments by Townships 693
Congress Honors a Kane County
Soldier
693
Col. Nicholas Greusel. 693
The Cuban Revolution 693
Destruction of Battleship Maine in Havana Harbor 694
Kane County in Spanish-American
War
694-695
Kane County Soldiers' Monuments
.695-697
Memorial to a Soldier of the Revolu-
tion
698
CHAPTER XVII.
TOWNSHIP HISTORY.
Aurora Township 698-700
Batavia Township 700-702
Geneva Township
. 702-703
Big Rock Township
. 703-704
Blackberry Township
704-705
Burlington Township
705-707
Campton Township
707-708
"Bonnie Dundee" Township. 708-710
Elgin Township 710-712
Hampshire Township 712-713
Kaneville Township 713-715
Plato Township
715-716
Rutland Township
716-718
St. Charles Township 718-719
Sugar Grove Township 719-721
Virgil Township . 721-723
Population Table
723
Map of Justice Districts and Voting
Precincts Prior to 18.49 724
CHAPTER XVIII.
CITIZENS OF KANE COUNTY. . . . . . . 725-950
[This chapter embraces many historical and biographical sketches of citizens of
Kane County, including pioneer residents as well as those of the later period. As these are arranged in alphabetical order as to name of individual subjects, each name can be easily found, so that no special index to this part of the work is deemed neces- sary.]
PORTRAITS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE.
Abell, W. W.
727
Barker, Lawrence P
734
Barnes, Harry D
735
Barrett, Sylvester.
736
Beaupre, Arthur M.
739
Beith, George A
740
Beverly, Albert
742
Beverly, Milton J.
743
Blackburn, John M. 744
Blanchard, Charles I
744
Bosworth, Alfred
747
Bosworth, Henry I. 747
Bosworth, William E. 748
Botsford. Richard N 748
Bradley, Edward A. 750
Branford. Benjamin 752
Burke, Robert
754
Burritt, Peter
755
Burritt, Henrietta 755
Burnett, George H. 756
Burroughs, Lester M 756
Butler, J. W.
757
Cannon, James 758
Chamberlain, Daniel J 761
Clark, Anson L. 762
Colby, Moses 764
Copley, Ira C
766
Cornell, E. K. W. 767
David Mason's Pioneer Home. 650
David Mason's Home, 1903.
651
Dorsey, James
775
Eckland, Charles J
777
KANE COUNTY INDEX.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Eddowes, John K 778
Eno, Edward S. 780
Evans, Henry H. 78 1
Field, Charles F.
78.2
Fridley, Benjamin F.
787
George, Frank E
791
George, William 792
Gould, Benjamin E.
796
Haeger, David H
799
Hamlin, Lysander B. 801
Hardy, Hiram T
803
Harris, George J.
804
Hartsburg, William A
805
Hawes, Moses W.
807
Hawkins, Andrew C. 807
Hawley, John S.
808
Hintze, William H.
812
Hollister, Robert C.
816
Hooker, Frank J
817
Howard, Leonard
818
Hoyt, Otis 820
Hubbard, A. H. 821
Hunter, George
823
Hunter, Harry T
824
Ingham, Joseph.
825
Jencks, Fred W
827
Kane County Court House.
618
Kane County Township Map ( Facing) 619
Keyes, Seymour E. 834
Kimball, James M
835
Lance, William 838
Leet, William 841
Lennartz, Frank J 842
Lincoln, D. B.
843
Lovell, Charles S.
846
Lovell, Edward C
846
Mair, William
847
Mann, Adin 8.48
Map of Justice Districts and Voting Precincts Prior to 1849 724
Marley, Franklin E
850
Martin, Charles D 851
Martin, David
851
McCarty, Samuel
85.4
Merrill, Frank W.
861
Merrill, Thomas W
86I
Metzner, Charles J 862
Miller, Alexander C.
863
Moore, Emery T
866
Newman, John
870
Newton, Don Carlos
871
Newton, Earl C.
871
Oaklawn Farm
654
O'Malley, Dominick
873
Perkins, Hosea E.
877
Purdum, John M.
884
Quackenbush, Marvin
885
Ranstead, John
886
Ranstead, John W
886
Raymond, John M
888
Reising, Joseph
890
Rice, John D.
891
Rogers, Eugene F
893
Rosencrans, Garrett
894
Scott, George C.
897
Sherman, Henry
900
Sherwood, David B 902
Smith, George D
904
Souders, Charles
907
Souders, John
908
Southworth, Marcus O.
908
Specimens of Kane County Stock
655
Starrett, Carlton E.
909
Sterricker, William H.
9II
Stewart, John
912
KANE COUNTY INDEX.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Stewart, Thomas B 913
Wilcox, John S
938
Stoughton, Jonathan C. 914
Willis, Henry B 940
Sylla, William F. 918
Wilson, Ira C. 941
Winslow, Lawson A 944
Tazewell, James B. 920
Wiswell, Willard 945
Tyers, William J 926
Wolcott, Henry K. 945
Warne, John 93I
Weld, Owen B. 933
Young, Delos W 948
Wheaton, Charles
934
Young, Francis L. 949
Wheeler, John
935
Younges, Smith
949
Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois.
ABBOTT, (Lieut .- Gov.) Edward, a British officer, who was commandant at Post Vincennes (called by the British, Fort Sackville) at the time Col. George Rogers Clark captured Kaskas- kia in 1778. Abbott's jurisdiction extended, at least nominally, over a part of the "Illinois Country." Ten days after the occupation of Kas- kaskia, Colonel Clark, having learned that Abbott had gone to the British headquarters at Detroit, leaving the Post without any guard except that furnished by the inhabitants of the village, took advantage of his absence to send Pierre Gibault. the Catholic Vicar-General of Illi- nois, to win over the people to the American cause, which he did so successfully that they at once took the oath of allegiance, and the Ameri- can flag was run up over the fort. Although Fort Sackville afterwards fell into the hands of the British for a time, the manner of its occupa- tion was as much of a surprise to the British as that of Kaskaskia itself, and contributed to the completeness of Clark's triumph. (See Clark, Col. George Rogers, also, Gibault, Pierre.) Gov- ernor Abbott seems to have been of a more humane character than the mass of British officers of his day, as he wrote a letter to General Carleton about this time, protesting strongly against the employment of Indians in carrying on warfare against the colonists on the frontier, on the ground of humanity, claiming that it was a detriment to the British cause, although he was overruled by his superior officer, Colonel Hamilton, in the steps soon after taken to recap- ture Vincennes.
ABINGDON, second city in size in Knox County, at the junction of the Iowa Central and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroads; 10 miles south of Galesburg, with which it is con- nected by electric car line; has city waterworks, electric light plant, wagon works, brick and tile works, sash, blind and swing factories, two banks,
three weekly papers, public library, fine high school building and two ward schools. Hedding College, a flourishing institution, under auspices of the M. E. Church, is located here. Population (1900), 2,022; (est. 1904), 3,000.
ACCAULT, Michael (Ak-ko), French explorer and companion of La Salle, who came to the "Illinois Country" in 1780, and accompanied Hennepin when the latter descended the Illinois River to its mouth and then ascended the Mis- sissippi to the vicinity of the present city of St. Paul, where they were captured by Sioux. They were rescued by Greysolon Dulhut (for whom the city of Duluth was named), and having dis- covered the Falls of St. Anthony, returned to Green Bay. (See Hennepin.)
ACKERMAN, William K., Railway President, and financier, was born in New York City, Jan. 29, 1832, of Knickerbocker and Revolutionary ancestry, his grandfather, Abraham D. Acker- man, having served as Captain of a company of the famous "Jersey Blues," participating with. "Mad" Anthony Wayne in the storming of Stony Point during the Revolutionary War, while his father served as Lieutenant of Artillery in the War of 1812. After receiving a high school edu- cation in New York, Mr. Ackerman engaged in mercantile business, but in 1852 became a clerk in the financial department of the Illinois Central Railroad. Coming to Chicago in the service of the Company in 1860, he successively filled the positions of Secretary, Auditor and Treasurer, until July, 1876, when he was elected Vice-Presi- dent and a year later promoted to the Presidency, voluntarily retiring from this position in August, 1883, though serving some time longer in the capacity of Vice-President. During the progress. of the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago (1892-93) Mr. Ackerman served as Auditor of the Exposition, and was City Comptroller of Chicago- under the administration of Mayor Hopkins.
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10
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.
(1893-95). He is an active member of the Chicago Historical Society, and has rendered valuable service to railroad history by the issue of two bro- chures on the "Early History of Illinois Rail- roads," and a "Historical Sketch of the Illinois Central Railroad."
ADAMS, John, LL.D., educator and philan- thropist, was born at Canterbury, Conn., Sept. 18, 1772; graduated at Yale College in 1795; taught for several years in his native place, in Plain- field, N. J., and at Colchester, Conn. In 1810 he became Principal of Phillips Academy at An- dover, Mass., remaining there twenty-three years. In addition to his educational duties he participated in the organization of several great charitable associations which attained national importance. On retiring from Phillips Academy in 1833, he removed to Jacksonville, Ill., where, four years afterward, he became the third Prin- cipal of Jacksonville Female Academy, remaining six years. He then became Agent of the Ameri- can Sunday School Union, in the course of the next few years founding several hundred Sunday Schools in different parts of the State. He re- ceived the degree of LL.D. from Yale College in 1854. Died in Jacksonville, April 24, 1863. The subject of this sketch was father of Dr. William Adams, for forty years a prominent Presbyterian clergyman of New York and for seven years (1873- 80) President of Union Theological Seminary.
ADAMS, John McGregor, manufacturer, was born at Londonderry, N. H., March 11, 1834, the son of Rev. John R. Adams, who served as Chap- lain of the Fifth Maine and One Hundred and Twenty-first New York Volunteers during the Civil War. Mr. Adams was educated at Gorham, Me., and Andover, Mass., after which, going to New York City, he engaged as clerk in a dry- goods house at $150 a year. He next entered the office of Clark & Jessup, hardware manufacturers, and in 1858 came to Chicago to represent the house of Morris K. Jessup & Co. He thus became associated with the late John Crerar, the firm of Jessup & Co. being finally merged into that of Crerar, Adams & Co., which, with the Adams & Westlake Co., have done a large business in the manufacture of railway supplies. Since the death of Mr. Crerar, Mr. Adams has been princi- pal manager of the concern's vast manufacturing business.
ADAMS, (Dr.) Samuel, physician and edu- cator, was born at Brunswick, Me., Dec. 19, 1806, and educated at Bowdoin College, where he graduated in both the departments of literature and of medicine. Then, having practiced as a
physician several years, in 1838 he assumed the chair of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and Natural History in Illinois College at Jackson- ville, Ill. From 1843 to 1845 he was also Pro- fessor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in the Medical Department of the same institution, and, during his connection with the College, gave instruction at different times in nearly every branch embraced in the college curriculum, including the French and German languages. Of uncompromising firmness and invincible cour- age in his adherence to principle, he was a man of singular modesty, refinement and amiability in private life, winning the confidence and esteem of all with whom he came in contact, especially the students who came under his instruction. A profound and thorough scholar, he possessed a refined and exalted literary taste, which was illustrated in occasional contributions to scien- tific and literary periodicals. Among productions of his pen on philosophic topics may be enumer- ated articles on "The Natural History of Man in his Scriptural Relations;" contributions to the "Biblical Repository" (1844); "Auguste Comte and Positivism" ("New Englander," 1873), and "Herbert Spencer's Proposed Reconciliation be- tween Religion and Science" ("New Englander," 1875). His connection with Illinois College con- tinued until his death, April, 1877-a period of more than thirty-eight years. A monument to his memory has been erected through the grate- ful donations of his former pupils.
ADAMS, George Everett, lawyer and ex-Con- gressman, born at Keene, N. H., June 18, 1840; was educated at Harvard College, and at Dane Law School, Cambridge, Mass., graduating at the former in 1860. Early in life he settled in Chi- cago, where, after some time spent as a teacher in the Chicago High School, he engaged in the practice of his profession. His first post of pub- lic responsibility was that of State Senator, to which he was elected in 1880. In 1882 he was chosen, as a Republican, to represent the Fourth Illinois District in Congress, and re-elected in 1884, '86 and '88. In 1890 he was again a candi- date, but was defeated by Walter C. Newberry. He is one of the Trustees of the Newberry Library
ADAMS, James, pioneer lawyer, was born in Hartford, Conn., Jan. 26, 1803; taken to Oswego County, N. Y., in 1809, and, in 1821, removed to Springfield, Ill., being the first lawyer to locate in the future State capital. He enjoyed an ex- tensive practice for the time; in 1823 was elected a Justice of the Peace, took part in the Winne-
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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.
bago and Black Hawk wars, was elected Probate Judge in 1841, and died in office, August 11, 1843.
ADAMS COUNTY, an extreme westerly county of the State, situated about midway between its northern and southern extremities, and bounded on the west by the Mississippi River. It was organized in 1825 and named in honor of John Quincy Adams, the name of Quincy being given to the county seat. The United States Census of 1890 places its area at 830 sq. m. and its popula- tion at 61,888. The soil of the county is fertile and well watered, the surface diversified and hilly, especially along the Mississippi bluffs, and its climate equable. The wealth of the county is largely derived from agriculture, although a large amount of manufacturing is carried on in Quincy. Population (1900), 67,058.
ADDAMS, John Huy, legislator, was born at Sinking Springs, Berks County, Pa., July 12, 1822; educated at Trappe and Upper Dublin, Pa., and learned the trade of a miller in his youth, which he followed in later life. In 1844, Mr. Addams came to Illinois, settling at Cedarville, Stephenson County, purchased a tract of land and built a saw and grist mill on Cedar Creek. In 1854 he was elected to the State Senate from Stephenson County, serving continuously in that body by successive re-elections until 1870-first as a Whig and afterwards as a Republican. In 1865 he established the Second National Bank of Free- port, of which he continued to be the president until his death, August 17, 1881 .- Miss Jane (Addams), philanthropist, the founder of the "Hull House," Chicago, is a daughter of Mr. Addams.
ADDISON, village, Du Page County; seat of Evangelical Lutheran College, Normal School and Orphan Asylum; has State Bank, stores and public school. Pop. (1900), 591; (1904), 614.
ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. The office of Adju- tant-General for the State of Illinois was first created by Act of the Legislature, Feb. 2, 1865. Previous to the War of the Rebellion the position was rather honorary than otherwise, its duties (except during the Black Hawk War) and its emoluments being alike unimportant. The in- cumbent was simply the Chief of the Governor's Staff. In 1861, the post became one of no small importance. Those who held the office during the Territorial period were: Elias Rector, Robert Morrison, Benjamin Stephenson and Wm. Alex- ander. After the admission of Illinois as a State up to the beginning of the Civil War, the duties (which were almost wholly nominal) were dis- charged by Wm. Alexander, 1819-21; Elijah C. Berry, 1821-28; James W. Berry, 1828-39; Moses
K. Anderson, 1839-57; Thomas S. Mather, 1858-61. In November, 1861, Col. T. S. Mather, who had held the position for three years previous, resigned to enter active service, and Judge Allen C. Fuller was appointed, remaining in office until January 1, 1865. The first appointee, under the act of 1865, was Isham N. Haynie, who held office until his death in 1869. The Legislature of 1869, taking into consideration that all the Illinois volunteers had been mustered out, and that the duties of the Adjutant-General had been materi- ally lessened, reduced the proportions of the department and curtailed the appropriation for its support. Since the adoption of the military code of 1877, the Adjutant-General's office has occupied a more important and conspicuous posi- tion among the departments of the State govern- ment. The following is a list of those who have held office since General Haynie, with the date and duration of their respective terms of office: Hubert Dilger, 1869-73; Edwin L. Higgins, 1873-75; Hiram Hilliard, 1875-81; Isaac H. Elliot, 1881-84; Joseph W. Vance, 1884-93; Albert Oren- dorff, 1893-96; C. C. Hilton, 1896-97; Jasper N. Reece, 1897 -.
AGRICULTURE. Illinois ranks high as an agricultural State. A large area in the eastern portion of the State, because of the absence of timber, was called by the early settlers "the Grand Prairie." Upon and along a low ridge beginning in Jackson County and running across the State is the prolific fruit-growing district of Southern Illinois. The bottom lands extending from Cairo to the mouth of the Illinois River are of a fertility seemingly inexhaustible. The cen- tral portion of the State is best adapted to corn, and the southern and southwestern to the culti- vation of winter wheat. Nearly three-fourths of the entire State-some 42,000 square miles-is up- land prairie, well suited to the raising of cereals. In the value of its oat crop Illinois leads all the States, that for 1891 being $31, 106,674, with 3,068, - 930 acres under cultivation. In the production of corn it ranks next to Iowa, the last census (1890) showing 7,014,336 acres under cultivation, and the value of the crop being estimated at $86,905,510. In wheat-raising it ranked seventh, although the annual average value of the crop from 1880 to 1890 was a little less than $29,000,- 000. As a live-stock State it leads in the value of horses ($83,000,000), ranks second in the produc- tion of swine ($30,000,000), third in cattle-growing ($32,000,000), and fourth in dairy products, the value of milch cows being estimated at $24,000,- 000. (See also Farmers' Institute.)
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