USA > Illinois > Christian County > Historical encyclopedia of Illinois and history of Christian County, Volume II > Part 23
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one-fourth of the number of volunteers. It is incomplete on account of the fact that no rec- ords of enlistments are now available. Its ac- curacy depends altogether upon newspapers and memory.
THE FIRST MARTYR.
Private John W. Poor of Edinburg, a member of the Third Coast Artillery, stationed on the coast of Maine, was killed while in the perform- ance of his duty as guard, by an unknown per- son. As far as is known, he was the first Amer- ican martyr in the Word's War and the Illinois General Assembly took cognizance of this fact by passing the following resolutions :
STATE OF ILLINOIS FIFTIETH GENERAL ASSEMBLY IIOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN MEMORY OF PRIVATE JOHN W. POOR OFFERED BY REP. BULLINGTON
Whereas: At all times in the history of our nation our soldiers have shown their devotion to duty by unexcelled deeds of daring on the field of battle and have sacrificed their lives for our protection and the preservation of our rights as American citizens, and
Whereas : In the present struggle between our nation and the German Empire, one of our sol- diers, a native of Christian County, Illinois, Private John W. Poor of the Third Coast Artil- lery, was on the night of March 24, 1917, shot and killed while in the performance of his duty by an unknown person, presumably one of the enemy, and is the first martyr for his country, and
Whereas: His bravery in the silent hours of that night while walking his lonely post and in putting to flight those who sought to destroy the guns intended for our protection, is worthy of commendation by our state, therefore be it
Resolved, By the House of Representatives of the Fiftieth General Assembly that we do hereby recognize the service Private Poor performed for his country and the sacrifices he made which will inspire others to like acts of devotion to duty, and be it further
Resolved, That we express our sincere sym- pathy to his father and mother and other mem- bers of his family in the hour of bereavement, and be it further
WILLIAM T. HEWITT
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HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN COUNTY
Resolved, That the preamble and resolutions be spread upon the Journal of the House; that a suitably engrossed copy thereof be forwarded to the family of the deceased, and as a mark of respect to his memory, that the House do now adjourn.
Adopted April 10, 1917. David E. Shanahan,
Speaker House of Representatives. B. HI. McCann,
Clerk House of Representatives.
CHAPTER XVII.
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT.
HIGHEST SOURCE OF INFORMATION-QUARTERNARY - COAL MEASURES-EARLY COAL SHAFTS-OTHER EARLY PROSPECTING-THE PANA COAL COMPANY -PENWELL COAL MINING COMPANY-SMITH- LOHR COAL MINING COMPANY- THE ASSUMPTION COAL AND MINING COMPANY-CHRISTIAN COUNTY COAL COMPANY- THE STONINGTON COAL COM- PANY-COAL INTERESTS OF SOUTH FORK TOWN- SHIP-RAILROADS.
HIGHEST SOURCE OF INFORMATION.
The best obtainable information relative to the coal deposits of Christian County was written by A. H. Worthen, editor of the State Geological report prior to 1880, from which the following is quoted : The geological formation of this county includes the quartenary and coal measures.
QUARTERNARY.
Under this were
head recognized the alluvium, loess and drift. The alluvium in- cludes the soil and recent deposits from the streams; and the black clays of the rich Sanga- mon bottoms are good examples of alluvium. On Mosquito Creek the exposure along the bank shows as much as six feet of dark rich loam. On the South Fork of the Sangamon the black loam is often ten feet or more in depth.
The loess is but partially developed, and is scarcely recognized as separate from the drift.
East of Taylorville the washings from the ravines exhibit about ten feet of buff and brown clays and sands which may be referred to as the loess ; and in digging wells, about ten to fifteen feet of similar clay is passed through, reaching beds of sand and gravel, in which good streams of water are generally found. Sand beds are often reached within eight feet of the surface. Good streams of pure and pleasant tasting water are generally reached at a depth of from twelve to sixteen feet on the prairies, some- times as much as twenty feet, and very rarely they have to dig deeper; but in the timber, wells have to be dug deeper, often twenty to thirty-five feet.
Bluffs of well marked drift deposits are often seen along the streams and consist of brown sand with rounded pebbles and boulders and brownish yellow and blue clay.
On Prairie Fork and Bear Creek, ten miles south of Taylorville, the washings on the hill- sides exhibit at the top soft brown clay, and below clay with many small round pebbles. On the North Fork of the Sangamon, one mile west of the east county line the river bluff is fifty feet high, the upper portion of blue and dark brown clay with sand and pebbles; below there is a loose mass of sand and pebbles, sometimes cemented into a rough sandy conglomerate, at times sufficiently firm and regular to make rongh walls. Below this is a dark-colored bed of finely comminuted sand and clay. Two miles further down the stream there is a low bluff of dark drift clay with pebbles and small boulders at the bottom and brown clay at the top. At this place we observe a quantity of bituminous shale, a little coal and some frag- ments of limestone, all associated with drift.
The drift boulders in this county are gell- erally small, and their character and composi- tion varies. Among them may be found green- stone, quartzite, granite, sienite epidote rock, corals from the Deconian and limestone from the Silurian, but no peculiar drift fossils.
At Pana, the Illinois Central Railroad, pass- ing through a mound, exhibits the following section :
1. Soil and subsoil, 18 inches.
2. Ash-brown clay, S feet.
3. Brown clay and small round pebbles, 15 feet.
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HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN COUNTY
This section is similar to what may be found in all the mounds of this part of the state.
COAL MEASURES.
The formation as seen in this county, em- braces a thickness of about 230 feet, in which are visible two coal seams, only one of which is of workable thickness. These measures under- lay the whole of the county, although there are 110 outcrops in the southwest, nor do we find any in the northeast quarter of the county, they being restricted to a small district south of Pana, to Locust Fork, to South Fork for ten miles up the stream from the west county line ; on North Fork for three miles from the west line of the county, and one other outcrop be- tween the forks. The deep drift deposits cover rocks in other places. These rocks belong to the upper coal measures, and their position in this section is from No. 12 to No. 32 inclusive.
The highest rocks (geologically speaking) are the beds south of Pana, at or near White's coal banks, of which the following is a section :
1. Drift of clay, pebbles, etc., 23 feet.
2. Clay shale, 10 feet.
3. Blue and bituminous shale, part quite cal- careous, passing into a dark-colored lime- stone, 4 feet.
4. Bituminous coal (No. 14), 16 to 22 inches.
5. Fire clay, 5 feet.
6. Rough looking hard grey sandstone, some- times in thin, even beds, No. 20 of section, 4 feet.
7. Sandy shale, with iron-stone concretions, 15 feet.
There is here a regular southerly dip at the rate of thirty feet to the mile, extending from Pana for four miles south. It is probable that near or north of Pana, the rocks are horizontal and soon dip northwestwardly, which they evi- dently do ten miles northwest of Pana, although the dip is slight.
The next rocks in descending order crop out on Locust Fork on section 2, township 11 north, range 1 west, and just north. They belong near No. 21 of the section, and appear thus :
1. Dark blue shale, with regular layers of lenticular concretions of iron stone and occasional strata of brown ferruginous shales, containing remains of fossils, in- cluding Prod. longispinus, Bellerophon, Crinoid stems, etc., part exposed, remainder in shaft-total, 31 feet.
2. Ash-grey limestone, weathers drab, has buff shaly partings, abounds 'in Prod. cos- tatus, P. longispinus, Athyris subtilita ; also contains Prod.
Nebrascenis, Sp. cameratus hemiplicata, a fish tooth and one specimen each of Syntrilasma, hemi- plicata and Allorisma subcuneata hemi- plicata and Allorisma subcuneata were obtained from it.
The rocks of the above section are regarded as being equivalent to the Ramsey Creek, Fay- ette County, beds. The limestone (No. 2) con- tains the fossils of the Syntrilasma limestone of Ramsey Creek, although but one specimen of that fossil was found. The lithographical character, thickness and fossils, are the same as beds found on Beck's Creek, Fayette County, and the overlying shales (No. 1) are similar to corresponding beds at the railroad bridge on Ramsey's Creek. Down the creek three miles, tlere appears four feet of lead-blue argilaceous limestone, equivalent to No. 22 of the section. The upper beds are shaly, the lower part firm, even, thick beds of subcrystalline fine-grained deep-blue limestone, having a conchoidal frac- ture. The upper shaly part is traversed by fucoidal markings and contains many fossils, mostly Prod. prattenianus, P. Nebrascensis and Sp. cameratus; but fragments of Nautilus and Bryozoa were also found here.
A mile further down stream, rocks near No. 25 crop out in the bank of the creek, of which the following is a section :
1. Soft, yellow, ochrey, calcareous shale, 5 feet.
2. Dark olive clay shale, 2 feet.
3. Deep blue fucoidal sandstone and shales, 11/2 feet.
4. Bituminous shale.
Fossils found in Nos. 1 and 2 were Pleuroto- maria sphoerulata, spirifier cameratus, Sp. plano-convexus, Productus longispinus, P. prat- tenianus, Orthis carbonaria, Retzia punctul- ifera, Lophophyllum proliferum, Macrocheilus (small sp.), Bellerophon, crinoid stems, and one fine specimen of Pleurotomaria tabulata.
The next in descending order is twelve feet of sandstone (No. 26), seen on South Fork, five iniles below Taylorville. The upper part is shaly, the lower beds thick, hard and grey, and a softer brown with dark specks; contains re- mains of Calamites, Sigillaria, and other coal plants. Nos. 27, 28 and 29. In section 29, town-
HIRAM HOAGLAND
SARAH HOAGLAND
745
HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN COUNTY
ship 14 N., R. 3 W., a quarter of a mile above Greenwood's mill was observed at the top:
Bed shale, 1 foot.
Dark olive calcareous shale, containing Athy- ris subtilita, a small Macrocheilus, Nucula ventricosa, and crinoid stems, 21/2 feet. Coal No. 12, 10 inches.
Slope to limestone No. 30 of general section, 3 feet.
Three miles above Ralston's bridge, on the South Fork of the Sangamon, observed Nos. 30 and 31 as follows :
1. Ash-grey, compact limestone, showing fa- cets of calc spar, very few fossils, 8 inches.
2. Shales, with nodules of buff limestone abounding in fossils, Productus costatus, Productus longispinus, Spirifer cameratus, Spiriferis Kentuckensis, Athyris subtilita, Chonetes variolata ? Crinoid stems, Fistuli- pora and Synocladia biserialis, 3 feet.
At Ralston's quarry, in section 3, township 13 N., R. 3 W., we have :
1. Slope from top of hill, 20 feet.
2. Grey limestone fossils are Productus cos- tatus, P. punctatus, Spirifer cameratus, Spiriferia Kentuckensis, Hemipronites cra- sus, 1 foot.
3. Like last, but more shaly, fossils about the same, 1 foot.
4. Green shale, 1 foot.
5. Brown shale, with nodules of limestone; abounds in Athyris subtilita, Crinoid stems and plates, Lophophyllum proliferum, Sp. cameratus, 1 foot.
6. Grey or drab limestone, but few fossils, those seen were Athyris subtilita, Productus longispinus, P. Prattenianus and Lopho- phyllum proliferum, 9 feet.
Part of the same may be seen at Greenwood's Mills.
At North Fork Mills, on the North Sangamon River, in section 13, township 15 N., R. 3 W., we have:
1. Slope clay and sand-drift, 50 feet.
2. Limestone, upper part grey and nodular,
lower part more firmly bedded, s on weather brown; fossils ; Productus longis- pinus. P. costatus, P. Prattenianus, P. Nebrascensis, Athyris subtilita, Spirifer, Cameratus, Hemipronites, 8 feet.
3. Clay shales, containing a crinoid allied to Poteriocrinus hemisphericus, 21/2 feet.
4. Limestone, weathering brown, 4 feet. Three miles down stream, near the west
county line, the lower part of the last section appears 7 feet thick, with brown shaly partings between the beds, which abound in Athyris sub- tilita; the other fossils are P. Costatus, P. Nebrascenis, P. Prattenianus, and Lipholi- ferum.
The limestone above described (Nos. 30 and 31) correspond to similar beds at Litchfield and on Lake Fork, in Montgomery County.
EARLY COAL SHAFTS.
On August 22, 1873, Dr. Basil Greenwood and John McKeman signed a contract to sink a coal shaft for coal on the land owned by William W. Halford. The site for the shaft was in what was then Blueville, but is now Edinburg, and it was twelve feet in the clear, with a partition in the middle that made two six-foot shafts. Mr. McKeman became dissatisfied after sinking seventy feet, and sold to Mr. Green- wood, who continued to work alone. The work was done with one horse, and only three to five inen were employed, so it was four years until a depth of 218 feet was reached, the cost being $16,000. Below is the strata passed through : Soil and drift clay, 12 feet.
Light sandstone, very coarse, 3 inches.
Mixed shale and coal, 3 inches.
Hard clay shale, hard pan, 6 feet 6 inches.
Quicksand, very soft, 10 inches.
Blue sandstone, very hard, 2 inches.
Blue soapstone, 6 feet.
Soft sandstone, 6 feet 6 inches.
Mixture clay sand and gravel, 10 feet 6 inches. Hard grey sand and shale, 17 feet 6 inches. Hard blue clay with hard nodules, 2 feet 5 inches.
Soft blue shale, some water, 2 feet 4 inches. Coal, 1 foot 3 inches.
Fire clay, 4 feet 6 inches.
Hard grey limestone, 8 feet 10 inches.
Reddish shale mixed with hard balls, 6 feet.
Varigated limestone, very hard, 8 feet 2 inches.
Dark soapstone, soft, 1 foot 6 inches.
Hard conglomerate rock with iron balls, 9 feet.
Fire clay, 1 foot 3 inches.
Black slate, 4 feet.
Coal, 6 inches.
Blue or green clay, 1 foot 3 inches.
Hard fossil rock, greenish color, 7 feet 3 inches.
746
HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN COUNTY
Spotted limestone, 8 feet. White fossil rock, 1 foot 2 inches. Grey shale, 12 feet.
Reddish shale, soft, 1 foot 3 inches. Coal, rock and sand, mixed, 7 feet. Soapstone, soft, 3 feet 4 inches. Clay shale, dark, 1 foot 4 inches. Grey sandstone, 16 feet. Grey sand shale, S feet 6 inches.
Dark sand shale, 3 feet.
Hard sand rock, 8 inches. Dark sand shale with iron balls, 8 feet.
Light limestone, 8 inches. Black sandstone and shale, 50 feet.
Grey sand shale, 9 feet. Black slate or shale, 5 feet 2 inches. Coal, 1 foot 6 inches. Fire clay, very fine, 6 feet 2 inches. White sandstone, 8 inches. Fire clay, 1 foot 2 inches. Grey sandstone, gets darker, 27 feet. Dark sand shale, 50 feet.
Hard black limestone with white spots, 11 inches.
Black slate, very soft, 10 inches. Coal, 1 inch. Soapstone, 2 inches. Coal, 1 inch.
Fire clay, 6 inches.
The shaft is 345 feet 11 inches in depth.
When he had passed through all the above given strata without finding coal, Dr. Green- wood abandoned the shaft for three years, letting it fill with water, but in the spring of 1879, hoisted the water with an engine, and drilled nearly seventy feet more. He then put in men and found an eighteen inch vein of coal which was worked to advantage. The work was later taken up by the Edinburg Coal Co., the principal man of which was George P. Harring- ton. They went down to a depth of 365 feet to the second vein which is now being worked. After this company had operated the shaft about seven years it went into the hands of the receivers. Since then there has been much litigation and the mine has changed hands several times. For the past ten years it has been operated by Charles W. Vandeveer, who supplies local trade principally.
OTHER EARLY PROSPECTING.
Along the waters of Coal Creek, south of Pana, coal has been mined at several points, the
seam at White's bank on section 34, township 11 N., R. 1 E., being about twenty-two inches and of good quality. It is mined by drilling into the hillside at an elevation of about thirty feet above the creek level. This coal in the geological series is about 420 feet above coal No. 7, and corresponds to No. 14, counting from the lowest coal upward, and is numbered 17 ' in general section of this and adjoining counties. A ten-inch seam crops out a quarter of a mile up stream from Greenwood's mill, but the coal is of poor quality. A seventeen-inch seam prob- ably exists beneath the limestone at North Fork mills, about six feet below low water. This coal is perhaps 365 feet above No. 7.
THE PRESENT COAL INDUSTRY.
THE PANA COAL COMPANY OWIIS and operates two mines, known as Mine No. 1 and Mine No. 2, at Pana. Years ago the State Geological Survey showed that there was no coal under- lying the territory south of Bloomington, Ill., and north of Centralia, Ill. In about 1880, money was raised by popular subscription in Pana and John Dugan was employed to bore a test hole. Contrary to the finding of the Geo- logical Survey, a good grade of coal was found. Shortly after the test hole was bored in 1883, David H. Harts and Frank Frorer sunk the first coal mine in this territory. This is now known as Mine No. 1. It is 729.6 feet in depth and has a daily output of 1,300 tons. The coal is now pulled from the face a distance of two and one-half miles to the bottom of the shaft. Mine No. 2 was sunk for escapement in the year 1886, by the same men who sunk the first shaft. This mine has a daily output of 1,600 tons. It is 729.5 feet in depth. There are 300 men employed at each of the mines now owned by the Pana Coal Co. Silas A. Shafer of Assumption is the general manager, and Glenn A. Shafer of Pana is the local superintendent.
PENWELL COAL MINING COMPANY. In 1SSS, the Penwell-Kitchell Coal Mining Company was organized by the citizens of Pana. The leading stockholders in this enterprize were George V. Penwell and Captain J. W. Kitchell, after whom it was named. Captain Kitchell was made president of the company. D. J. Overholt secre- tary, and Mr. Penwell treasurer. The first shaft which was begun in April, 18SS, was lost by a cave-in caused by quicksand. The next attempt was successful, coal being found at a
JACOB HUBER
747
HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN COUNTY
depth of 723 feet in January, 1889, and shipping was begun in March of that year. Soon after Mr. Penwell purchased practically all the stock and the name was changed to the Penwell Coal Mining Co. At present the Penwells own nine- tenths of the stock. This mine averaged 150,000 tons of coal per year for a period of twenty- eight years. The present output is close to 1,500 tons daily. Since the organization of the company more than $3,000,000 has been paid out in wages. The January, 1917, payroll amounted to $32,000.
SMITH-LOHR COAL MINING COMPANY. About 1892, the late Capt. J. W. Kitchell and some members of the Overholt family sunk a coal shaft near Pana. This shaft is now owned by the Smith-Lohr Coal Mining Company, a local concern, producers of deep vein lump and washed coal. The shaft is 725 feet deep and has an average monthly output of 22,500 tons. The average number of men employed at this mine is 315. Besides the regular mine equipment this company operates a large coal washery which prepares seven sizes of coal. They also have a Jeffrey single roll crusher with which lump and run coal can be reduced to washed sizes when the general demand is for the smaller sizes. The present officers are as follows : B. Beckenheimer, president and general man- ager; R. G. Lohr, secretary and mine superin- tendent ; Ralph Sauerbiar, mine manager; Ira Virden, sales manager.
TIIE ASSUMPTION COAL AND MINING COMPANY was incorporated January 18, 1886, by the fol- lowing men: D. Lacharite, P. L. Meyers, George Hutchinson, Joseph Stapleyon, L. T. Watkins, J. W. Moore and Benjamin F. Hight. D. Lacharite was the first president of the conl- pany and T. F. Rasbach the first secretary. The company are producers of what is known as Silver Creek Splint Block coal which is noted for its excellent quality. The mine, which is 1,004 feet to the top of the coal, is probably the deepest one in the United States. The average number of miners employed is about 200, and the monthly production is 6,000 tons. The present officers are: Silas A. Shafer, presi- dent and general manager; David Lacharite, treasurer; S. A. Shafer, D. Lacharite, T. P. Myers and I. L. Long, directors. The mine has been in operation nearly thirty-two years, dur- ing the most of which time it has been under the management of Mr. Shafer. That it has prospered greatly under his management is a
tribute to his business judgment and integrity.
CHRISTIAN COUNTY COAL COMPANY. L. D. Hewitt, D. W. Johnston, J. H. Downs, W. S. Ridgley and Dr. A. P. Rockey organized the Christian County Coal Company in 1899, with a capital stock of $60,000, which was later in- creased to $100,000. Roy A. Johnston, Cleona Johnston Morris and Troy Long later became stockholders. The business was conducted by these persons until 1915 when it was purchased by F. S. Peabody. The mine employs about 365 men and has a daily output of 2,400 tons of coal.
THE STONINGTON COAL COMPANY was organ- ized in 1904 by the following stockholders: L. D. Hewitt, D. W. Johnston, W. S. Ridgley, J. II. Downs, Roy A. Johnston, Solomon Marble- stone, H. M. Powel, W. D. Shehan, Jacob Marblestone and Walter M. Provine. D. W. Johnston was president; W. S. Ridgley, general manager and secretary; and Roy A. Johnston, treasurer. These men conducted a thriving business until January, 1916, when they sold to F. S. Peabody. The mine employs about 320 men and has a daily output of 2,000 tons of coal.
COAL INTERESTS OF SOUTH FORK TOWNSHIP. Mine No. 7 is located at the new village of Kin- caid in South Fork Township. Mine No. 8 is located about two miles west of No. 7 in the new village of Tovey in the same township. Work in these mines was begun in September, 1911, and hurriedly pushed to completion by the Peabody Coal Co. They are each 342 feet in depth and the combined daily output totals 3,500 tons. The total number of men employed is 600. The coal interests of South Fork are owned and operated now by the Midland Counties Coal Co.
CENTRAL ILLINOIS PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY.
The Taylorville Gas & Electric Co. and the Taylorville Railway and Light Co. were bought by the Central Illinois Public Service Co. in October, 1912. This company has its main of- fices in Mattoon and furnishes current for forty- two counties. In 1913-14 this company built a steam turbine generating plant of large capac- ity at the new town of Kincaid, about eight miles west of Taylorville in South Fork Town- ship. It, together with the generating plants at Keokuk, Iowa, and Mattoon, Ill., supplies electric current for 112 Illinois cities and vil-
1
748
HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN COUNTY
lages and seven mines. The chief engineer at the Kincaid plant, practically from the begin- ning, has been L. S. Johnson. In the Taylor- ville offices T. H. Place was the first manager. He was followed by B. F. Tacker, who re- mained until 1914. Since that time J. O. Tucker has been in charge. The Central Illi- nois Public Service Co. supplies Taylorville with gas, electricity and heat and operates the street railway.
THE ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD.
In September, 1850, Congress granted an ag- gregate of 2,595,053 acres of fertile Illinois land to aid in building the Illinois Central Rail- road. The act granted the right of way and gave alternate sections of land for six miles on either side of right of way. On February 10, 1851, the legislature of Illinois granted a char- ter to an eastern company with a capital stock of $1,000,000 to build this road. The legislature stipulated that seven per cent. of the gross earnings of the road should forever be paid semi-annually into the state treasury. This provision yields a handsome revenue annually to the state. The road enters Prairieton Town- ship on the eastern side and traverses the county in a southwesterly direction. Pana and Assumption are the two important stations on it in the county.
THE WABASH RAILROAD.
The Wabash Railroad is the most important road in Christian County. It enters the county in Stonington Township and traverses it in a southwesterly direction, leaving it at Harvel in King Township. Work on the road was begun in 1869 and finished through this county in the spring of 1870. It crosses the Springfield divi- sion of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad at Tay- lorville. The most important stations on the Wabashı Railroad are Stonington, Willeys, Tay- lorville, Clarksdale, Palmer, Morrisonville and Harvel.
BALTIMORE & 01110 RAILROAD.
This road was first known as the Springfield & Pana Railroad, and afterwards as the Springfield & Southeastern Railroad. In 1875 it was sold to the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad Company and managed by it until it became the
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