USA > Illinois > Hancock County > Historical encyclopedia of Illinois and history of Hancock County, Volume II > Part 2
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91 | Part 92 | Part 93 | Part 94 | Part 95 | Part 96 | Part 97 | Part 98 | Part 99 | Part 100 | Part 101 | Part 102 | Part 103 | Part 104 | Part 105 | Part 106 | Part 107 | Part 108 | Part 109 | Part 110 | Part 111 | Part 112 | Part 113 | Part 114 | Part 115 | Part 116 | Part 117 | Part 118 | Part 119 | Part 120 | Part 121 | Part 122 | Part 123 | Part 124 | Part 125 | Part 126 | Part 127 | Part 128 | Part 129 | Part 130 | Part 131 | Part 132 | Part 133 | Part 134 | Part 135 | Part 136 | Part 137 | Part 138 | Part 139 | Part 140 | Part 141 | Part 142 | Part 143 | Part 144 | Part 145 | Part 146 | Part 147 | Part 148 | Part 149 | Part 150 | Part 151 | Part 152 | Part 153 | Part 154 | Part 155 | Part 156 | Part 157
976
Howard, Sarah F.
982
Howard, Vera G.
982
Hungate, Florence M.
988
Hungate, John H.
988
Jackson, William H
994
King, Frederick M.
1000
Kirby, Thomas J.
1006
Kirchbaum, Joseph H
1012
Klepper, Daniel .
.1018
Knox, Emily 2 1024
Knox, George S. .
1024
Kraushaar, Daniel H., and Family
1036
Kunkel, Ellen J.
1042
Kunkel, William O. 1042
LaSalle, Reni Robert
246
Lincoln, Abraham
Frontispiece, Vol. I
Lincoln, Hezekiah.
1048
Lincoln, Phoebe A.
1048
Lowden, Frank O.
274
Manifold, Arthur R
1054
Manifold, Lowella .
1066
Manifold, William E. 1060
Matteson, Joel A.
258
McNeill, Elizabeth.
1072
McNeill, John A.
1072
Metzger, Henry G.
1078
Metzger, Julia C.
1078
Miller, Elizabeth S.
790
Miller, Frederick B.
1084
Miller, John.
790
Nash, Anna B.
1090
Nash, George W
1090
Ochsner, Fred L., and Family
1096
Oglesby, Richard J.
262
Palmer, John M.
266
Patterson, Antoinette.
1102
Patterson, William J.
1102
Peck, Charles L. .
1108
Peck, Christopher C.
1114
Peck, Edwin N.
1126
Peck, Julia
1120
Peck, Oliver E
1132
Peck, Ora B.
1126
Peck, Sadie M.
1108
Pettijolın, Cora
1138
Pittam, Orville A., and Family
1144
Powell, Sydnor C ..
1150
Powell, Mrs. Sydnor C.
1150
Radel, Louisa.
.1156
Radel, Peter.
1156
Rawson, William H., and Family 1162
Reynolds, John.
254
Rice, Absalom K.
1168
Rice, Clark H.
1174
Rice, Cyrus S.
.1180
Rice, Ida L.
1186
Rice, Laura
.1168
Salisbury, Arthur G., and Family 1192
Schenck, Dillie R.
1198
Schenck, John W .
1198
Scofield, Charles J
637
Scofield, Rose S.
637
Scott, Gertrude
1204
Scott, John E.
1204
Sears, George W.
1210
Selby, Paul.
. Following Title Page, Vol. I
Shields, Louisa.
.1216
Shields, Lyman B
.1216
Shipton, John S.
1222
Sholl, Jacob.
.1228
Smiddy, Bertha E
.1234
Smiddy, James E
.1234
Smith, Ellen.
1240
Smith, Francis M.
.1240
Spiker, Diana
1252
Spiker, William
1252
St. Clair, Arthur
250
Swanson, Ann E. .1258
Swanson, Swan G. 1258
Tanner, John R.
270
Thomas, Anna J
.1264
Thomas, Joseph M
1264
Tonty, Henry De.
246
Vance, Elise B
1270
Vance, Sherman D.
1270
Walton, Augusta
.1276
Walton, Charles F.
1276
Walton, Georgenia
1282
Walton, William.
1282
War Eagle (Chief)
246
Wear, Alfred S.
1288
Wear, Mrs. Alfred S.
1288
Webb, James
1294
White, John.
1300
White, Mrs. John.
1300
Willis, J. Lawrence
.1246
Willis, Pearl.
1246
Wood, Earl W.
1306
Wood, John
262
Yanson, August.
1312
Yates, Richard, Jr.
274
Yates, Richard, Sr
262
$
ILLUSTRATIONS
Abraham Lincoln's Letter, 1858. 736
Court House (First), 1833. 692
Court House (Second), 1839 692 Court House (Third), 1908. 698
Denhart Hall, Carthage College 830
Floor Plans of Old Jail, Carthage 840
Fort Edwards, Warsaw. 676
Fort Edwards Monument, Warsaw 676
Gymnasium, Carthage College 832
High School, La Harpe 824
High School, Warsaw.
824
Lake View Club House, Hamilton. 734
Lincoln Boulder, Carthage. 734
Map of Hancock County 637
Mississippi River Dam. 874
Mormon Temple, Nauvoo.
838
North Hall, Carthage College
830
Old Jail, Carthage. 838
Residence of W. D. Bradshaw, La Harpe. 772
Science Hall, Carthage College. 832
ning Honthis
Charles . Scofield
HISTORY OF HANCOCK COUNTY
CHAPTER I
GEOLOGY AND PHYSICAL FEATURES
A LARGE TERRITORY-ITS GEOLOGY-COAL MEASURES -HANCOCK MOUNDS-SOIL-POTTER'S CLAY- PRAIRIE GRASSES-BEAUTY OF ITS WILD FLOW- ERS-GAME, BIRDS AND FISH-PHYSICAL FEA- TURES GENERALLY.
Hancock County, one of the wealthiest of the counties in Illinois, is bounded on the north by the Mississippi River and by Henderson County, on the east by McDonough County and the northern part of Schuyler County, on the south by Adams County, and on the west by the Mississippi River, which separates it from the states of Iowa and Missouri. The county contains 16 full congressional townships and 8 fractional townships, amounting in area to about 211/4 full congressional townships. From north to south the county measures 30 miles, and from east to west averages a little more than 24 miles. It is said to contain about 492,160 acres, or about 769 square miles. 'Worthen, in his Geological Survey of Illinois and in his Economical Geology of Illinois, gives 756 as the number of square miles. The Mis- sissippi River is the western and northwestern boundary, the county line being the state line, or the middle of the main channel of the Mis- sissippi River. The central part of the county is mainly prairie land. Originally the creeks in these prairies, some of them with bluffs or rough land on either side, were heavily wooded, as also were the bluffs along the Mississippi River. The principal creeks are Crooked and Bear Creeks, which, with their tributaries, af- ford ample drainage for those parts of the county which are not drained by the Mississippi
River. The watershed between the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers passes through the county north and south, and at Carthage is about half way between the east and west county boun- daries.
The history of the organization of the county and other matters of like character and inter- est, will be found in chapter 4, and further information as to the various parts of the coun- ty will be found in the chapters devoted to townships and in other parts of this volume.
GEOLOGY
The geology of Hancock County is quite fully considered in Economical Geology of Illinois, Vol. 1, by A. H. Worthen, State Geologist, pub- lished in 1SS2 by authority of the Legislature of Illinois. The following extracts are taken from that volume.
"A large portion of the surface of this county is prairie land, the proportion of prairie and timber being about three of the former to one of the latter. But notwithstanding the great preponderance of the prairie over the timber land, and the fact that the greater portion of the prairie is now occupied and improved, the amount of timber still remaining is probably nearly, or quite, as great as at any period be- fore its settlement by the white race, showing that the annual growth has proved adequate to supply the wants of the population for fuel, fencing and building purposes. By the settle- ment of the county, the fires which annually swept over its surface while in a state of na- ture, were prevented from spreading over the whole area as before, and the young growth of timber which had previously been destroyed by these annual fires was preserved, and in this way the supply has been fully maintained.
"The soil upon the prairie land is usually a deep black loam, with a brown clay sub-soil. On the ridges that skirt the streams the soil is usually a chocolate-brown loamy clay, be- coming locally light-brown or yellow, on the
637
638
HISTORY OF HANCOCK COUNTY
slopes of the hills, from the predominant char- acter of the sub-soil. The timber on these ridges consists for the most part of black and white oak and hickory, with an undergrowth of red-bud, sassafras and hazel. On the more level portions of the timbered uplands we finc., in addition to these, elm, linden, wild cherry and honey locust. The soil, on the lands where the last named varieties of timber are found, is fully equal, in its productive capacity, to that of the prairies, while that on the oak ridges is comparatively thin. In the southwest portion of the county there is a wide belt of laluvial bottom skirting the Mississippi river, commencing at the city of Warsaw and extend- ing to the south line of the county, with an average width of about three miles. A part of this bottom is prairie, and a part is covered with a heavy growth of timber, consisting of cottonwood, sycamore, red and slippery elm, black and white walnut, ash, hackberry, honey locust, pecan, persimmon, paw-paw, coffee-nut, white maple, red birch, linden and mulberry, and the common varieties of oak, and shell- bark and pig-nut hickory. The greater por- tion of this bottom is susceptible of cultivation, and possesses a sandy soil that is not sur- passed, in its productive capacities, by any other portion of the county. It is subject to overflow, however, during seasons of extraordi- nary high water, and those who cultivate these lands must calculate on a partial, if not a total loss of their crops once in about seven years.
"Springs are not abundant in this county, but are occasionally found at the base of the river bluffs and in the valleys of the small streams. Some of these are chalybeate, and contain, in addition to the iron, both sulphur and magnesia. Good wells are usually obtained on the uplands at depths varying from twenty to forty feet. The surface deposits of this county comprise the usual subdivisions of the Quaternary system, and attain an aggregate thickness of about seventy-five feet. All the uplands are covered by accumulations of drift, varying in thickness from twenty to sixty feet or more. This usually consists of a bed of blue clay or hard pan at the bottom, of va- riable thickness, which is overlaid by brown clays, with gravel and boulders of water-worn rock of various sizes. Sometimes there are thin beds of sand in the brown clays, that pre- sent a stratified appearance, and serve as chan-
nels to the underground streams of water. A large portion of the material composing the drift deposits has been transported from a dis- tance, and many of the boulders are derived from the metamorphic strata of Lake Supe- rior, several hundred miles from the spot where they are now found. Many of these boulders are of great size and many tons weight, and must have required a mighty force to transplant them to their present position. One of these may be seen at the foot of the bluffs between Nauvoo and Appanoose, com- . posed of the metamorphic rock of the north- west, which is nearly twenty feet in diameter. The power required to wrench such a mass of rock from its native bed and transport it, for hundreds of miles, with a force sufficient to obliterate all its angles, is inconceivable great ; but here is the boulder of granite, nearly five hundred miles, as the crow flies, from the near- est known outcrop of this kind of rock, giving unmistakable evidence that such a result has been accomplished. Several specimens of native copper have been found in the drift deposits of this county, which, from their appearance, leave no doubt that they have been transported from the copper region of Lake Superior.
"Specimens of bituminous coal are also. fre- quently met with in the drift clays of this county, and have come from some of the coal seams in the adjacent region. To those who are unacquainted with the manner in which the drift clays and the inclosed boulders and gravel beds have been accumulated, these specimens of coal and copper, or any of the metallic ores that are to be found in them, may be regarded as indications of the near proximity of valuable beds of these minerals, whereas they were perhaps transported for hundreds of miles and then only in isolated specimens, and furnish no evidence whatever of the existence of any deposit of mineral wealth in the vicinity where they occur.
"Along the river bluffs the accumulations of drift appear to have been subjected to a par- tial sifting process, which has given the whole a stratified character, which may be termed modified drift. In the section of the river bluff exposed in grading Main street, in the city of Warsaw, a very interesting section of modified drift may be seen, showing the following order of super-position :
639
HISTORY OF HANCOCK COUNTY
Ash colored marly clay, resembling
loess .10 ft. 0 in.
Brown drift clay .. 10 ft. 0 in.
Brown sands, partly stratified. S ft. 0 in.
Blue sandy clay 2 ft. 6 in.
Fine gravel and clay. 2 ft. 6 in.
Yellow sand 2 ft. 0 in.
Gravel and boulders. 8 ft. 0 in.
Blue clay 5 ft. 0 in.
"The upper clay bed in the above section re- sembles the loess in its color and general ap- pearance, but contains no fossils at this local- ity. In the vicinity of Hamilton there is an exposure of loess, fifteen feet thick, in the railroad cut; and at this point it contains a few fossil shells. It appears to be generally more argillaceous here than at points farther south, and it probably nowhere exceeds, in this county, a thickness of fifteen or twenty feet. Where it forms the sub-soil its porous charac- ter allows the water to pass freely through it, affording a more thorough drainage to the surface than that afforded by the clay 'sub- soils of the drift. Along the river bluffs in this county the drift, either in its normal or modified condition, appears everywhere below the loess, while the deposits of the latter are comparatively thin, and restricted to the vi- cinity of the river bluffs. The drift clays that underlie the central and eastern portion of the county contain fragments of wood, and often the entire trunks of trees of considerable size are met with, in sinking wells in this forma- tion. These woods are coniferous, and appear to belong to a species of cedar. At several points in this county, one of which is on the State road, five miles nearly east of Warsaw, there is, at the base of the drift deposits, a bed of ferruginous conglomerate, exactly resembling the conglomerate of Southern Illinois, which we regard as of Tertiary age. Whether this bed in Hancock county, which appears to be only about two feet in thickness, is really referable to the same age, is a point we have not yet been able to determine; but the fact, alluded to in a previous chapter, of the occurrence of shark's teeth in the alluvial sands of the Mis- sissippi river, in this county, renders it highly probable that beds of this age were really de- posited as far north as this; and if so, this band of conglomerate is most probably referable to the same age. As it contains no fossils, its age can only be inferred from its stratigraphical
position, which is below the blue clay or 'hard pan' that is usually regarded as the base of the drift formation. These superficial deposits, be- longing to the Quaternary, or most recent of the geological systems, are spread entirely over the surface of the county, except in the valleys of the streams, where they have been carried away by surface agencies. Hence the under- lying stratified rocks are only to be seen in the bluffs and valleys of the streams, where the clays and gravel beds have been removed by the agency of water currents.
"The stratified rocks that are exposed above the surface, in this county, comprise a limited thickness of the lower Coal Measures, and about one hundred and fifty feet of lower Carbonif- erous limestone belonging to the St. Louis and Keokuk groups. A vertical section of these rocks would exhibit the following order and thickness of strata :
Coal Measures :
Sandstone, passing downward into clay shale .30 feet
Coal 2 feet
Bituminous and argillaceous shales .. 9 feet Coal
1 foot 6 in.
Conglomerate sandstone. 20 feet
St. Louis Limestone :
Brecciated and concretionary
limestone 10 to 25 feet
Calcareous grit stones. 10 feet
Blue clay shales and Archimedes limestone 20 feet
Magnesian limestone. S to 12 feet
Keokuk Limestone:
Geodifieros shales and shaly
limestone 30 to 40 feet Light, bluish-gray limestones .... 20 to 30 feet
Cherty thin-bedded gray lime- stones 40 to 50 feet
"From the above section it will be seen that the aggregate thickness of the Coal Measures in this county is only about sixty-five feet, and they include the horizon of two coal seams, both of which are comparatively thin. The best outcrop of coal in the county is on Williams creek, near Augusta, in the southeast corner of the county. The upper seam, which we regard as perhaps identical with the Colchester seam, is here about two feet thick, sometimes as much
640
HISTORY OF HANCOCK COUNTY
as twenty-eight or thirty inches, and affords a fair quality of coal. The roof is usually clay shale, and when worked by drifting it requires a good deal of expense in cribbing, to keep the roof from falling in. Just above the bridge on the Pulaski road, the following strata were exposed at the time we first visited this locality in 1853:
Shaly sandstone. 14 feet
Sandy and argillaceous shales. 16 feet Coal 2 feet
Red shale. 1 foot
Unexposed slope. 7 feet
Fire clay . 3 feet
"The sandstone and shale above the coal seam was somewhat ferruginous, and contained nodules of argillaceous iron ore. At another exposure of these beds, not more than fifty yards from Hawley's coal bank, the coal was replaced by a thin band of bituminous shale, and the following section was exposed :
Ferruginous shale and shaly sandstone.32 feet Bituminous shale. 0 feet 4 in.
Gray shale. 9 feet
Bituminous shale. 1 foot
Fire clay
3 feet
"These two sections were made less than fifty yards apart, and represent exactly parallel strata, and will serve to illustrate the sudden changes that sometimes occur in coal seams, or indeed in any other stratified rock, even in very limited areas. The coal which, in the first sec- tion, is two feet thick, is represented in the last by four inches of bituminous shale. The lower seam of bituminous shale represents the horizon of the other coal seam, and at this locality it contains a few fossils, among which were Discina nitida and a few scales and spines of fishes. A coal seam-probably the same as the upper one in the foregoing sections-out- crops about one mile southeast of Plymouth, which had not been worked to any extent at the time of my visit to the locality.
"In the central and western portions of the county coal has been found at several localities, but it appears to exist only in detached outliers, and probably occupies shallow depressions in the concretionary limestone. On the small creek north of Carthage there are two or three out- crops of coal, one of which is on the lands of
A. Simpson, Esq., the northeast quarter of sec- tion 11, township 5 north, range 6 west, and an- other on the northwest quarter of section 3, township 5 north, range 6 west. The coal &c these outcrops is only from twelve to eighteen inches thick, and is of little economical value at the present time. On the head waters of Waggoner's creek, which enters the Mississippi one mile above the old town of Montebello, there is an outlier of coal, that was worked to some extent in the early settlement of the county. The coal at this point is from twelve to fourteen inches thick, and strongly impregnated with iron pyrites. On Mr. Miller's place, a little farther north, on the northeast quarter of sec- tion 32, township 6 nortli, range 8 west, there is another exposure of about the same thickness. The coal is here underlaid by about thirty feet of conglomerate sandstone. At Nauvoo this thin outlier of coal was found about a hundred yards south of the 'Temple,' and was worked, while the city was occupied by the Mormons, by stripping off the overlying drift clays and loess which rested directly upon the coal. It is only about eighteen inches in thick- ness, and having no roof, could not be profit- ably worked at the present time. It is probable that this outlier of Coal Measures originally extended continuously from Waggoner's creek to Nauvoo, and it is also found on the opposite side of the river, just below the old town of Nashville, where it is represented by a bed of massive conglomerate sandstone, that caps the bluffs at that point. There are also outcrops of sandstone and bituminous shale extending up the river bluffs nearly to the north line of the county, but up to the present time they have afforded no valuable deposit of coal. On section 13, in the eastern part of township 4 north, range 8 west, on the waters of the north fork of Bear creek, coal was found and worked in the early settlement of the county, but was soon abandoned.
"From the fact that all the streams of any considerable size in the county cut down to the limestones that underlie the Coal Measures, it is not probable that any very extensive and valuable deposits of coal will ever be found in this county. Local deposits, however, may exist beneath the heavy drift deposits that are spread over the broad prairies, and may be found by boring through these overlying de- posits. It is probable that a boring one hundred feet deep would reach the limestones below the
E
Eng by E G Williams & Bra NY
I has Abbott
Munsell Pub
641
HISTORY OF HANCOCK COUNTY
coal at every point in the county, and thus settle definitely the question as to the amount of coal that existed at the point where the boring was made. By referring to the general section of the strata in this county, it will be seen that all the limestones underlie the Coal Measures, and consequently the search for coal either in or below these limestones would be in vain. All the coal in this county lies between the lime- stones and the drift, and if the drift is found resting directly on the limestone, no coal will be found.
"The concretionary or brecciated limestone, which is the upper bed of lower Carboniferous limestone in this county, underlies the Coal Measures throughout this county, and it there- fore forms a reliable and easily recognized hori- zon to guide those who are in search of coal.
"Fossils are quite rare in the Coal Measures of this county, but the bituminous shale over- lying the lower seam on Waggoner's creek, and near Augusta, has afforded a few marine shells, as well as some fish remains, and the Conglomerate sandstone has afforded a few specimens of plants, such as Sigillaria, Stig- maria, Lepidodendron, etc.
ST. LOUIS LIMESTONE
"Concretionary and Brecciated Limestone .- This division of the St. Louis group is a bluish- gray, sometimes nearly white, limestone, con- cretionary in structure, and sometimes brec- ciated, and rarely presents any regular lines of bedding. It contains locally, irregular seams and crevices filled with green marly clay, and also seams and nodules f chert. At some localities the chert forms a stratum a foot or two in thickness at the top of the limestone. This limestone outcrops in the river bluffs throughout the county, and on all the principal streams in the interior. On a branch of Bear creek, in the vicinity of St. Albans, it forms the entire bluff, and also outcrops at several other points in this part of the county. On Crooked creek it was met with as far north as the cross- ing of the Pontoosuc road west of La Harpe, and it may be found along this creek as far south as it runs in this county. It is also found on the forks of Brunce's creek, northwest of Plymouth. Its thickness in this county is vari- able, ranging from ten to thirty feet.
"Calcareous Grit-stone .- The concretionary limestone is usually underlaid by about ten feet
of grit-stones in regular beds, that are locally calcareous, and vary in thickness from two inches to. a foot or more. It is extensively quarried in the vicinity of Warsaw, where it is exposed on all the small streams, as well as in the river bluffs. It is an excellent material for foundation walls, and is very generally used in the vicinity of its outcrop.
"Blue Shales and Archimedes Limestones .- Below the grit-stones above described, there are a series of blue clay shales, with inter- calated beds of coarse granular gray limestone, that attain a thickness of twenty feet or more in this county. They are well exposed at the city of Warsaw, and also in the river bluffs, both above and below. On the southwest quar- ter of section 24, township 4 north, range 6 west, the beds are well exposed on Brunce's creek, and are twenty feet in thickness. This division of the group is somewhat variable in its lithological characters, and is sometimes com- posed entirely of blue or gray clay shales, with- out any intercalations of limestone, and at other localities it becomes a shaly magnesian lime- stone.
"Magnesian Limestonc .- The lowest member of the group is a brown or gray magnesian limestone, generally evenly-bedded, is easily dressed, and is an excellent material for caps and sills, and is generally used in the vicinity of Warsaw as a building stone. Its thickness in this county ranges from eight to twelve feet. It is extensively quarried at several points in the river bluffs, from two to three miles below Warsaw, where it attains its maximum thick- ness, and is quite regularly-bedded, and these quarries afford nearly all the dressed stone used in the city. For evenness of texture and dur- ability, this limestone is not surpassed by any other in the county, but it contains minute crystals of iron pyrites, which oxydize on ex- posure to the atmosphere, giving origin to patches of rusty brown on the exposed surface of the rock. Zinc blend in crystals, associated with crystals of dolomite and calcite, is oc- casionally found in pockets in this limestone. It will be found in all the highest points of the river bluffs from Warsaw to Nauvoo, and is also exposed on Brunce's creek and Crooked creek in the east part of the county.
"Fossils abound to some extent in all the sub- divisions of the group, but are most abundant in the shales and Archimedes limestones. The Archimedes Wortheni is, perhaps, the most abun-
1
642
HISTORY OF HANCOCK COUNTY
dant and conspicuous fossil in this bed, but there are several other very beautiful forms of Bryozoa associated with it, among which are Coscinium plumosum, C. elegans, C. sagenella, C. Michelinia, and Polypora Varsouviensis. Fossil shells are not so abundant, but the fol- lowing species are to be found at Warsaw: Spirifer lineatus, Orthis dubia, Productus Alto- nensis, Rhynchonella subcuneata, Conularia Ver- neuilii, and Lithophaga pertenuis. The ex- posures of this bed at Warsaw have also af- forded several very beautiful specimens of crinoi- dea, the most of which are unique. They comprise the following species: Cyathocrinus Thomae, Platycrinus Gcorgii, P. Pumilis, Acti- nocrinus caroli, Rhodocrinus Varsouviensis, Scaphiocrinus divaricatus, Dichocrinus dichoto- mus, and Pentremites conoideus, Zaphentris spinulifera, and two or three undetermined corallines, are also quite common at this locality. The calcareous grit-stone and Magnesian lime- stone, that lie above and below these shales, contain the same species of fossils in a less perfect state of preservation.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.